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PORTLAND," OREGON,' i SUNDAY MORNING, " FEBRUARY 0; 4910 ;
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y-re aentailj like A . mua who , ,nu ; nere
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When Professor Witmer issembled all the ;
facts ; he had gathered from hia study of , the
chimpanzee Peter for' the Psychological Clinic,
the publication of which ho is -editor, 'he-unhesitatingly
; dubbed him ' " monkey with a)
mind," and put the important question up for,
. final consideration;, . , . ( . ,, ,
:.. , "la-Peter the one genius among apes l".v ; v
" If he does possess tho superhuman quick '
ness 1 pf action, - thought and comprehension .,
which his owners; claim for him, Professor Wit-
work lr. Jturness Has suown greav pauence nu .-of-BCien(,e ani , be' subjected, as he phrases
remarkable skill-'in , bringing! the f animal to a tQ proper 'educational influences ; . . . . "
recoj?riition of what 'is required of-him. --i , , - ne has been trained," remarks Prof essoa
f ' fin' marked distinctionfrom the 'method itmer; "he is partly educ'atea..',But no effort
commonly employed, W.wHipndcorporal.pun- ye(. beeQ made to gjyehimhat an educa-
. isninent' are': relatively seHomei at i8;.;re- tion reauy . stands ' for. '..venture .to-, predict
markable testimony itoythe.natural, capacity of that itjh a few years chjmpanzees will be ;
these animals-thattheyarevW,ilUng. to. do, what taken earjy in ife and subjected,' fpr purposes of
i3;Tequired' ofUhem, Aand ,re oftentimes quite . Bcientific inve8tigation,'to'a"cOHWeof procedure
keen "in carrying 'out; &n i expJrmient.NatdraUy, re8embling that which is. Accorded, the
4they.di8lke.Bome'of7thejork,randnhe-'Uttle 'hwJL ' '
orang-ouuuis rtT":yzi- ui While his . observations -oi tnis , paxncuiaB
ributes and possibilitie
?sis and reflection on tha "
. . . . v . 7. r . . . ..4.,- Aj pari ui xruicuswi nnwici uioj .w uwu wji ;
the . larger . universities nave ;y";-v. new,, acience , of animal psychology as it
animal psychology.; At the p?. f -ff-- ,nore vaJuable gleanings,,. the' ape's traits of .
gylvania "the rWorklwithapkward Mwj",.. character and his -human ways, . as. recalled b
developed first' as being: by. far the. most imv ,, th6 eipert psyCh0logist, ' make aft' equally in
" . . structive study. ' " ' ' -" r
. ' - :, Dr, .Witmer say he has a downright engag- , .
ing personality. He is vital the most molule ,
individual, Dr. Witmer thinksi tehas ever seen.
' Peter's activity,' ho remarks; is -not 'the re
suit of ; mere animal spirits. .'He is mentally,
alert and is'possossed of' unudual -power of con
.'ceritration', not merely .forr an.,uiroal but for-a
child of ' his own age.. lie ;is probably in ' hia ,
sixth year chronologically, but at 'the jstage of '
chimpanzee development'1 corresponding' to tha, s
of a -year-old 'child. it ,t i ' t ' '
EVIDENCES OF 'INTELLIGENCE . . . '
The clinical study; of Peter .by Professor ;
' WTitmer was crowded with evidences of-his in- '
telligence that were directly reducible to princi
. ' . .. . - : 1-.. .. i i.IIi U.
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- ' evs es which ' he T; has learned with ; interest , and
with: as much persistence as could be expected.
, " Whether the orang-outang .or the chim-
panzee is the more intelligent, our experiments
will reveal, for we have recently - acquired a
young chimpanzee, who will be taken over the
-.same -course ofi training. by 'Dr.4 Furness, and
comparative, results will be ; obtained. in inn
The AlmostHuman In- ' ,
telligence That Science,
Now A ttributes to the
simian ; .
in-
t
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7T amazing development
rn f . youngest and most promts
. ing department' of science, practi-
, caLpsychology; has suddenly .come out of have ahead learned it-is-not-"
the recent and startling researches into the too muchto' iayUhatthe real J.
more-novel department of animal psy- future' is . the' pronounced re-: -
1 choloFV.: v ;i ' '. . V 'lt-:At"tK :J' '
, No less authority than Professor to .the reasoning amities of
. Lightner Wittier;, director of .the psycho- ' human beinrsJ ' i ' ,J ' ' "
logical laouraivry ana cit o me umver- , jjte surprising feature .o: ,
j iy of Pennsylvania and' editor of the'Psy- all these, investigations accord-1 "
etiological-Clinic t has -professed the belief ingjo the "expressly-stated opin- ', '
wf A? monliey has'amind likeman'sunj .; ion of Professor Witmer,' is
' developed, it is true; but capable of surprise . the more" than' thorough , r
"' 'when educated or,' to. use 'the s.eries of laboratory experiments
' m dr, familiar term . trained. ' ' is resulting' in -pat contradiction
i! V So immensely important' are' the dis
; coveries i.-already ' effected ' that Professor
fViimer and his associates are now in the
I mtdst bf much more extensive observations
experiments man nave oeen surmised
o,' Aff deductions -as -to' animal
intelligence made by field ob-
servers. . f - - - - '
. , jfwjr o'i well 'within
Xr mtf o - discretion o -Yitrr - Maf . wj ?
J: ' ' '
take: his .lessons-. m learning .t w uiaiui.- . cn;mpanzee8 mntal att
namesef bjer---v-;-.- .-rr-atill in course of anal
, . nni . -l -1 .kA.atAM At t WAIf AT . - .
I
N MAKING public some, of . the recent work
done by his associates and himself. Pro-
lessor Witmer expressly stated that their
whether the:.brains, of ' the more intelligent rais
differed'f rom the brains of the less intelligent.
i ' Mr.i Pernber ger ; ,is; now unde r taking an " ex
tensive study of thebehavior ' and menial char
acteristics; of tha' monkeys, especially of those
whose - intelligence brings them nearest to ..man.
jaub. ,t,..o7 & WiaiTO
- 7 wuuuuu . .uren.i ,11 aoes-noi. train tne animal to neriorm t
". "v .y :', .
portanf branch of r psychology. S. . iWWrern
berger, ; assistant ; in , psychology, isJ epecikhzing
in ( this .department under Professor Witmer
.-direction.' .'. .:Y-uV-'. "y :"' :'- ''". "'."..'
Jiistycar; he carried out-some experiments
for' Dr.; Donaldson' at .-the .'Wistar ; Institute.
These experiments , enabled Dr. Donaldson to
... ' . - j . . i j 'Li.- I. Ji.iAHMitt mentality. . ,n ...l'., v.:: ,
4uv TMonitnotari rna nmnnr. iwimw . lii iiiumuiiuo . .
Atfnavimnnlnfi'nn ,3 ,1 .11.. J
. flR . expenmenu - we peen iurmsea exceptional investigations are : opening: a MXrt& " "
. i-ff aentf world, :: WhaVthp, new epoch in man's comprehension of the1 '-moloA' are-the newrpW
- will discover, ts,. of course,, a matter Jor animal world about him,. and niore 'vitallv 1 'e88e3 of 'training,' and'how surprising are the'
mere conjectured Yet, from, what' they -important of himself ' ' ' - ' 'r?st3 Prof e&bor' Witmer makes clear in a-few
, ' '. r ' ' ..'., sentences:"'' . - .
trine
.1 . ,Mrr .-u .uat tneir the employment-of various devices: in th Rn -nXV t ( JZ: : ;.-Now' thatthe sycholog
inquiries jiave no tmmicauon to tne aoc v.:-.t . v . rr : ,w,, vwv. nua-.muioi w . , , ..
ti, t. . rri?u w wo.i,WiWriW'ODtain-.xooa.'','Anthroioidi anea'-hinhv-iitiinri niiitna: ,n -m-i'.-.? a-.woi-K ior,inecuuurvu mi;.
X Xa'ifr. -v rB lie Ai;.iiWally; laboratbryis
iiotc uu ucufmii uu w uiuuii'in oi.me rami. .ji ,iYin..t. .L-i7. j ----- w -v, ..i. u-u vAuviuutm vbu &p ... . ,. .. .-,-.'
ti..v:. r j i ii.. - . , ., vuou w jieuier oiner- anunais.i.watcblnir.' a' I Wrfnmuul' '.i&..!:.:'.r4-.-'.j' ve-j vs . : i ; v. held, oi mvesturation. juessons
n is one of the evolution hf 'tk t,vii1 -- learneajrpni ;a uqy sv ui;
" , .-T- 1 mi mi u urn a t t nav - rtaA - a t i. 1 - . . .... - - r ' 1 . 1 j 1 .1 -. 11
of man from the lower animals."- v.r ' "11, i"?-? ---yerro4oeen.j,unx.?Jr0 cnuurwiv-wu., ...
c. vucu UUC9UUU.V. wilts 1UVKNL iriiTiir. naniM mar . n . . x.. i , a . i . ii.ji ji. - lmriAKironninff t n ttiptitr
can
ing 1
questio
structure
, The nature of the' exhaustive experiments
now .under way, as explained by Professor 'Wit
mer, is radically ; different ' from those in -use
anywhere else. , ' ' ; - . ; .';-"-" 1 1
; ? "The experiment," he explains, 'which Dr.
William H. Purness, 3d, and I have undertaken
.introduces a new method of studying the ' be
havior and mentality-of -the lower animals. ' "
He wai not to be deceived in the'eorrcct'end
of the "strange, tube. cigarette presented, to himi
or in, the delicate science, of 'strikinga;, match,
which has proved o often a . problem to grown
men and women. Professor .(Witmsr . says ' bo
smokes" "as intelligently as ,; a man" -a. tribute
.which', anti-tobacco, crusader's may' regard itb
small appreciation. . '".' ' V '
v Given beads ,'to -. string' with, needle ..and
thread, Peter did as well as anybody, an4 clapped
his .hands in self -applause) afterwa.rd-ra,, jrarS
'noticeable in many a child pleased with its-owa
cleverness., and adpredly called "cute" by' do
lighted parents. " '
' v He'used the unfamiliar "pegging board". of
mental- proicesses ' regular' kindergarten work with inunwiiate la-
very ; neipt ui m . ;uij j uu ma cuuitwc, ui m .w tuh-
ne was accustomed waa prescnieq to jnmi, con
ical! Clinic Hs so
prepared, to do so large
and other states,
opening another
which have been
an open question. One investigator, denies that Y'-ntan . 'A mCv. .m 4),;.l,!iiLdcr8tindine the mental processes of 'the lower -
even the monkeys are able to imitate, and is in-Hrangu to thread a needled of the key was not hard for
chned to.lumt imitation'as 'an instinctVto the largeionete-be Wth' verycoarse thread-'-fiBff;ihe-wbrk..largely-.:to;ihe' aniinal? .who' :maialan,-;bH: tooteasy. ho lcter was fsivcn
human being , - , - . - ; , . iahdHo-pei ia'pefetogoari P10 and' wtualjV m a
, : "These laboratory experiments ;flaJlycQiv . I used!in.a, kindergarten;, Afewweeks of Jrain-i V in animal psychology at. the University of Penn-f ' f ash of idiscenung . intelhgono, operated th
tradict the field observers, who are inclined, per- ing changed entirely the' oranouianir's attitude svlvania tpromise- iniperianAreRultV-whiehn.irr keTr and the staple at single .demontratior.
mhuw. w v v.buuiuuiu ww iutcuiKc.iLC ui Hiu -- "TrtTTf o irf ii-f-ft ' 1 1 a n o c mawi rtii o t-w r.Tzs A ariiniiii T.nPTF ' Tnrn will- firm nLiirHM if if ill 1 1 ..crvy ittkh lit - ' vwv. . hiuvuil -- -
-rnals.'- There "Seems to ' be uood-f reason for
previously appeared stupid
and ' uninterested - in his surroundings. He - en-
our ideas as to 4he development of mentality in
he found the correct one for the ojfniij of a
oelievlnc.lnowever,that,the results f laboratoix" j0ys;the'e i'lHCONTljnjED
v'.?-'.::;f"'!i'vv. "'t.;'.L--,sv;i.'.--;;:,V''i'..v--.AV '..iA.i;'i.s-'.i.,'i'i..;:v :1.'v,'f',:-V''il v'--''.-V-iW v t ;.'.v ;;"' :"'v.-v;,'::'j