THE OREGON SUNDAY ' JOURNAL. PORTLAND, .SUNDAY MORNINO. JANUARY' 18.'- 1910.
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.SVhcrc Legislation Follows Performance
. , of GfVve iPutliY Duty .'
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FOWXj EAY"
NE1AF? VICTORIA.
Britisk Colunitia and Its Legislature
Area. 395,000 nQUfr miles, or 252,800,000 acres.
Korest and woodland, 82,000,000 acre.
Coast line, 7000 mllea.
White population, 270.000.
CohI dopoHlta are the mont extensive of any similar area In the world.
In jtold the province has produced over 1125,000,000; In other min
erals over f 200,000,000.
Flalirrles have yielded over $120,000,000.
t Over 3,000,000 fruit trees have been planted during the past thrs
years.
Wheat land- of th province aggregates 10. 000. 000 acres.
The legislature consists of but one house of 42 members, Including six
ministers. . ' ,
Annual sessions are not limited as to time of adjournment.
The salary of each member is $1,200 yearly.
Ministers are at the head of the several departments of the govern
ment. The salary of ministers la $5,000 yearly.
The lieutenant governor, as presiding officer of the legislature, has no
power except as to tho' ministers. He may recommend disallowance of
measured. The lieutenant governor Is appointed by the dominion govern
ment at Ottawa.
No bill is passed until a printed copy of it Is furnished every mem
ber with nil changes and amendments correctly shown.
To Introduce a bill consent of the legislature must first be obtained.
The number of employes required and the amount of printing supplied,
each, Is remarkably small.
The budget (appropriations) la one of the first measures presented, and
the most carefully considered. Irrespective of politics.
.... i m . j
VICTORIA
FffOTlTHE
-t 1 ,.t it.... ii n fif Tj Jvil I
a ; in ww ; ,nwxim. a
;
m - 1 - ) ft I Kb
FLIAHEOT BUJLMNon VICTORIA B C
By A. X, Haxrla, There Is no sonata to defeat nor bouse tenant governor draws bit flSOO per: J by, taxation .A4-M,Vi!4-T.TA!)njvMA.'.r!BMFUlln fcoimflarfea of the
a BRANCH or tne oidost esiaDiisoea 10 aetay. Tno power or veto does not year, compositors in me government idle" and there Is a general demand enterprising province;
f law mamng cooy Known o me ue in me lieutenant governor. Certain printing ornce, on tne omar nana, araw th4t u BnouJ(j be 'put Into circulation. The British Columbia legislature Is
Aligiu-saxun racr, win tunveuo inns inuti ue reierrea XO me national a muina uunug iui rami jnai. . . awUB tVl. . ,. -i- u i. . n.mksra
, In the quiet little city of Vic- government at Ottawa for approval be- The last session appropriated but $1000 " vexing problem which seems to of the people Many of the members
T,.i.,v. ,.i. vi. .f .v... k. t. I t. " . .v. , .n,i be a lonr way from solution, tho spend- come from the remote districts, and
across the line." next Thursday. For only affect the finances and taxation, while It gave $8207 for the aid of farm- lnr of so large a sum wlttv perfect are sturdy farmers, with all the I
. . r .. ... .... . . . . . . . snfAtv trt th nrnvlnA anil U'fth vrv . .l.i. i a
the King s parliament, wun quesnons me precaution having been taken that a ers- institute wora, largely among iruu
grave and gay to consider, will gather uniform system of collecting revenue growers. To aid In Immigration work
on that day at 2 o'clock In the magnlfi- might be maintained. It is urged that the Salvation Army Is given $8600 an
ient government buildings over which such a legislature responds more readily nually for Its part In colonizing va
will flutter Britain's flag. How long and more surely to the will of the peo- cant land, while $17,128 Is spent yearly
the session will continue Is problem- pie than does an American legislature to prevent the spread of contagious dls
atlcal. Before it will come the most under the conditions which maintain eases In the rural communities. The
important problems in the history of the The divided responsibility of American government provides a bounty of $2
safety to the province and with every
assurance that the very best results
will accrue. Strange as It may seem,
no effort has been made In past years
to create new offices and commissions
for the purpose of eating the fund up
In salaries and traveling expenses. An
effort
Inter
ests of their districts close to their
Innermost desires. The proportion of
wealthy men Is very small. In Intelli
gence, In Industry, In faithfulness to
duty, the body stands- hlarh. Of the
42 members 25- were reelected In the
Is being made to bring about campaign last fall, having served one
ndlng'of part -of the surplus In or more terms. The personnel of the
nrovlnce. ana their solution win require lawmaxing is urred as on of Its crot ror eacn coyote Kinea ana io ior eacn
:, i i v.. it a..i. . . ... ik n.nth.r vt with it giving permanent improvements to re- legislature
h nnil.h l.nmnbor 1n nnthln In a Hrltl.h my,.,. .11 4h vnrlfiim dpnarimcnf turned hack mot na scattering settlements, and In IL C.
. 4 .co on .nn.ni. tcA allowing the cities and towns of the tahan. J.
Ing days of congress and of legislative Canadian Politics. the work assigned by the last session. 7Ar " , T7hi ih-,
sessions in the United States. . ' This is almost an unheard of thing Pf"0"1 ."PfflL w,ln ' h",r
Pr., in h RHtlsh narllament. rany roiiucs ana party division pre- in American le Is atures. Def cienc es io
wi
cent
ferenl
I, Plata lAcrlalAfurAn P?vi.n with thit
variety of procedure employed In varl- 'n P.owe': Arrayed against the "Ins" Funds Galore.
ous states, and while changes more or " lne wj Party, with brains and
less radical hao taken pjace in the pro- eloquence, demanding a change in many
. H..I. k vail strongly in British legislatures. De- n.M.j n.rt f th .mni municipal Improvements more easy and Ross, J. R. Jackson, E.
iiii.il ib i.iwo 1v"" fndin- thA irAv.rn.ni.i rni.. ritit 71 J1 ji lnsurinsr their construction much sooner. MfPhillins. C P. Shaw. N. F.
Luriea ,., raCui.iijr u.i- , ., ' " Th lorlala nn of WrlMah PnlmV,l. I Mrwin.M T H Hl
. .. i . . t mv. ii iia iuiuq ail eiuuueif;. a nnriv arnpii innmnp at Am pninm timi ' - ............ . k .
L IIUUI III UUKUUI C 111 tUUJItaa OIIU . , . . .' ' " Z "Kf "- - . mttlnla Inn l, .nn,KUlU.. ... D 1, UIIIUn. U . Wl
uciure me oeouie asKinar to na retamen "t'l" "i" ."".n who nuuDma, ....
While legislatures In "the
of the most perfect Immigration bu
reaus In the world. Every section of
states the province is represented by displays.
less raaicai naw wen waw m policies and urrina- the oeonle to elve are pussling over deficiencies and short by maps and booklets, telling of the W. J. Bo
cedure In congress with n the past 100 P 8n " lh lm of state 'und9 one of the greatest problems be- natural resources and advantages of- McOuire,
years, there is not In all of the variety ,.5.nfn.ce t the helm or state. . . rhhsk pnimhi. h,i i. h. trA -.tiAr whii m in e w p vi
mathi tnninvi uoriw tina-A in lne egiBiaiure tne lines are cioseiy r. " . ! : ..
follows:
Brewster, H. E. Young, M. Cal-
A. Fraxier, S. A. Cawley,
William Duncan, Thomas Caven, W. II.
Hayward. II. O. Pearson, F. J. Me
Kqnxle, W. J. Manson, J. Jardlne, W. R.
Miller, A. E.
McKay.
hornwalte.
ght. Prioe
Ellison, Thomas Taylor, U F. Carter
Cotton, W: R. Braden. W. Manson, D.
M- Eberts, U. W. Shatford. W. Hunter.
W. J. Bowser, A. H. B. Macgowan, Dr.
C. E. Tisdall, H. H. Watson,
W. Behnsen, Frank Davey, , R.
T. Glfford,
problem In all its complex and import
ant ramifications. One party favors
the construction of the Canadian North
ern railroad through the, province un-.
der governmental aid, . while another
fav.ors the plan of allowing the rail-
be given all possible force. Law giv
ing is not considered a school boy'a
task nor Is there anything " frivolous
about a parliament building.
Supremely orderly, dignified, deco
rous, is a British legislature. To ex
pedite business and have all the time roal to be built by private capital, as
wasted at once, the lawmaking body sits was the Qreat Northern, on the Amer-
as a wnoie, ucuupyiug a single ruuui, jcan 8ide, Tne campaign made in Oo
the members being gathered) about a tober and November was based on the
central rostrum, rows of desks being railroad Issue, and Premier McBride,
provided at the sides in front of the favoring the railroad under govern
speaker. Committee rooms open- off a mental supervision In construction, was
wide hall, and these are provided with elected by a large majbrity. What the
all the conveniences of business, with legislature will do Is problematical.
Just enough chairs for the members of '
the largest committee occupyipg the Important Problems,
room. Usually committee rooms are
named from the wood in which each is Hand in. hand with the railroad prob
flnlshed, there being an elaborate and le" fcoes the question of good .wagon
rich finish to the whole legislative de- raJ- Uppermost in the minds of the
partment of all parliament buildings. People of British Columbia for a num
The American plan of numbering rooms iber of.-years, the road improvement idea
seems cheap and shoddy when one en- ha" demanded money and plenty of it,
ters the maple room, the mahogany veftr by year, until the legislature will
room, or even the oak room In the Vic- b " to appropriate fully $3,000,000
toria government buildings. , , . th, vear for new work. The last ses-
-, . slon .appropriated $2,831,000 for this
An English Body. purpose as against $360,000 in 1904.
. " Conservation of natural resources.
While Americanism Is flooding Canr regulation of the liquor traffic, gov
ada, while half the people ope meets eminent. aid in municipal improvements,
on the street seem to be Americans, the creation and fostering of a bureau
no Inkling that a "man from the states" 0f forestrv. a law levvlna- a doII tax
ever enierea orumn oiuiddih can do
.no uijea am jiutuy . , . , ... . v. . ' , . . . . '
. . . . niRTinnnnn nr i na ntifffi nurnms -n r n a t m n'nru at T An n A.Arv n aaiu in m. .if.u m n i( t-ii 1 1 w i n i rri n m n n
rXrZJtZfXl bn yTS.rt -eJsury. fr j,:,V..5piT- gaed slble In ekginV seST ay- Tschofield.
...... MncUlAti n s-UA i ll i... -
of the strongest characteristics of nny m n i-oniru-
Oreat Britain versles and to see that able men are
ITlven opportunity to discuss the prob-
A Solemn Function. j!I?l"tbn50?nhe.nCu!!ttrJr; Pecullar
teresting . and enlightening are the de-
While some of the stiffness has been bates on publlo problems before the
removed, and while the formality does British Columbia legislature. The ele-
not cling as closely as it did In the ment of pettifogging and appealing to
days of King George, there is still that the prejudices of the people is happily
element of solemnity attached to Eng- absent, and. the broader problem of the
llsh law isjaklng which insists that the publlo welfare is given first place.
Importance -of the action of a legislature The 1910 session faces the railroad
King Edward s Proclamation Convening the British
Columbia Legislature
CANADA, PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Edward VII, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and
of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India.
To Our Faithful, the Members Elected to Serve in the Legislative Assembly of Our Prov
ince of British Columbia, at Our City of Victoria Greeting :
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, We are desirous and resolved, as soon as may be, to meet our people of our prov
ince of British Columbia, and to have their advice in our legislature;
Now know ye, that for divers causes. and considerations, and taking into consideration the
ease and convenience of our loving subjects, we have thought fit, by and with the advice of our
executive council of the province of British Columbia, to hereby, convoke, and by these presents
do enjoin you, and each of yoju, that on. Thursday, the twentieth day of January, one thousand nine
hundred and ten, you meet us in our said legislature or parliament of our said province, at our city
of Victoria, for the .dispatch of business, to treat, do, act and conclude upon those things which, in
our legislature f the province of British Columbia, by. the common council of our said province
may, by the favor of God, be ordained. x
In testimony whereof we have caused these, our letter, to be made patent, and the great
seal of the said province to be hereunto affixed.
Witness, His Honour James Dunsmuir, lieutenant-governor of our said province of British
Columbia, in our city of Victoria, in our said province, this eighteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and nine, and in the ninth year of our reign.
By command. HENRY ESSON YOUNG,
. 1 Provincial Secretary.
Where Laws Are Made in Earnest
There Is a peculiar conservatism In the making of laws in England
"""and in all her dependencies. To the United States alone belongs the honor
of having made lawmaking an industry: In fact, one of the most expensive
Industries of the country. Other countries believe in making fewer laws
and having them observed more generally. ;
During the legislative year 1906-7 England, acting for the .whole
United Kingdom, enacted but 700 public acts or laws, and It required the
active time of parliament for 18 months to accomplish this task. Debate,
criticism and elucidation required weeks of time by the body.
In America during the sam period 25,446 laws were enacted by con
gress and state legislatures.. It is safe to say that a large part of the laws
were of special character or merely local bills. Politics enter into law
making in the United States, more largely, perhaps, than In any other
country. ." - ' '
BjstsmaUo lawmaking. .
Parliament has so systematized lawmaking and given so much impor
tance to the enactment of a statute that ther is no effort made to clog the
wheels of the lawmaking body by introducing local, special or "cinch""
measures. ' Even parliament has been doing most unusual things in recent
years to prevent the passage of laws other than those admittedly neces
sary. . vV-.-'V 1 -
In 1907 parliament enacted but 256 laws, which were contained in a rec
ord of 700 printed pages. Perhaps every state in the union passed more
laws than did England. New York alone passed 754 separate acts, cov
ering a wide range of subjects and requiring 2500 pages of the legislative
record. , 1
American legislatures and even congress have more employes than
members in many instances, and at the close of sessions the work Is found
to be poorly done it donn at all. The British Columbia legislature, . hand
ling over $5,615,000 annually, conducts its deliberations with the aid of a
clerk of the house, a law clerk, a sergeant-at-arms, a doorkeeper, a mes
senger and'Ttgtrt pages. The entire allowance for employes during the
session is but $2820.
real powder and projectiles, as in actual succeed. The officers choose their
warfare. By the time this stage is crews with the utmost care, for the
reached the candidate for distinction welfare of both depends on ths scores,
has become a thorough master of the .After a time the men become almost
weapon he Is handling, and is not likely as perfect machines as the guns they
to waste much-"valuable material. ' handle. Every man has his part, and
Then comes the real test Close roc- does it There is no failure. That la
ords are kept of practice where real why America leads in marksmanship,
ammunition is burned up. Furthermore, m m ,. ,
everv officer is keenly alive to the nec
essity of seeing that his men make good
records.
When the scores are high the officers
in command of the good guns are fa
vored in every possible way. They get
On the Limited. ,
From Llpplncott's. , v
The merciless heat made the passen
gers gasp as the limited plowed its
way steadily across the western plains.
Dreary, monotonous, was the vista of
MARKSMANSHIP THAT COSTS MILLIONS
CONTIUEI FROM FIRST PAGE OF THIS SECTIOX.
lhe, bt lSlgnmela?A,ZleJ?lil n? sand and crub wh-ch greeted the eyes
feel that they are high In the graces of of tnJ wearled travelers. To add to
tne navy . aeparcmem. their discomfort, above the muffled
On the other hand, tho officers whose roar of the train arose the continuous
guns make poor records are required to walling of a child. More than one man
explain in writing for their failure, and cursed softly and sought refuge in
receive small consideration. another car all, as it happened,
The enlisted men, in addition to being crowded. Finally a harsh-looking pas
the heroes of their comrades, receive , senger spoke.
extra money when they make records. "why don't you keep that brat quletf
Gun pointers, for instance, receive from ne snapped.
$6 to $10 a month more than their reg- XnQ mother, a forlorn looking woman
ular pay when their percentage of hits ciad Jn rusty black, looked pathetically
Is above a certain standard. up t him. "I've been trying to," she
It would seem, though, that those faltered. "But, you see. the heat and
who get extra money earn every cent the long Journey -". .
of It, for the precision required to op- a new expression stole over the harsh
erate a big gun successfully Is almost looking passenger's face. "Give It to
beyond human ken. It must be remem- me," he said in a tone of marveloiii
bered that both vessel and target are gentleness; and th poor mother placed
not only moving, but are rolling up and the fretful baby in his arms,
down. Without the modern range, find- Whereupon he threw the child out
ers the big rifles would be useless, and pf the window. -A
unon Dersons not subiect to other forms
gathered from visiting the legislative 0f taxation, the construction of bridges 29 times out of a possible 89 with six averaged as high as 62 per cent of hits, gunners.
inch rifles. One more shot was due, As a legitimate evolution came the Those who would become gun point
but there was no target left for it The practice, in 1909, of using old and more ers may take examinations, and if sue
battleship was steaming at full speed or less worthless vessels as targets, cessful, begin a thorough course of
even with them two polnters are neces
sary, one to keep the proper elevation
and the other to make up for the side
motion.
Once the range Is secured these men
must never, for the smallest fraction
Sold again'.
"Yes.'
So Unreasonable.
From Boston Herald.'
she snapped viciously,
'you
hodv while in session. Adhering strict- in.nmni.man in .t.
ly to rules few and venerable with age, 0f the province, each will have Its
taking everything seriously and with place in the deliberations of the corn
no attempt to. belittle or discredit even jBg session of the legislature.
p0li.ti?fladrS!.r,eS,4th?un,eJ.mberf f1 Differing in practically every ele
undlvided attention to the duty before ment ,n lt, conceDtlon of the public
tnem. wnetner 11 Da aiMxrrini ienat 1 - ., . m , tt. i v. c
or tiresome detailed financial state- rtnlted States, the legislature of Brit- Pe' cen of hits. were made last fall. When steaming at are made and every detail of manufac fact that the average time that elapses th mlik Md where is the honey t
mciiw. a.mi u.BMi., V ,4"vvr mh f 'rtinm ria . a nrtm nf n.nit. AH. lima wmr nn t nafa wuri An n. i nr in unnia ina KanRAM lAVflra I tittiaa tut- farti r rvn urrnofmn . m o .1. Mam r-nm tha rima tna mittin rnai r i - - hm.. - -- ty
tering. Of adjourning to "steal a march" ino- mDtl,, r,lhrl annronriattona ara creased tendency to Dractlce with the made nine out of 10 hits With her 12- Once the mechanism of the runs is ehareea the run la Dressed till the nro- "Well." he replied. meekly, "use yo'
when this phenomenal 75 per cent of The O'Brien and the Katahdin were training. At first they are not allowed of. a second,' get out of the path of their " I would elope and marry you
hits waa scored. amnnar those hnmmprpri'n t tn fir nr anronlv avan tmifh th. crime enm With a tmiti1 mnttnn tn nnnnWiil We WOUld fly to - land Of Tnllk anil
At night Dractice the Maine's two 12 Off the Virginia canes, the southern Education romps hefnra evorvthlntr pine, with the smallest variation meansa honey, and live on the fat of th laml.
drill (rounds, some remarkable' record Thev are talrnn tn ahnna vhtnt o-nn. mia Thin an ha AnnrAflated from tha nave urea nero m raujiin, ana nicr
on some one, r.lojr rolling for favors m tor pUbii0 roads and bridges, for big gun. The war between Russia and inch guns at ranges from 7000 to 9000 thoroughly mastered the candidate goes Jeetile actually leaves the musxle is fyf"- : TJer8' ' ' I"',tw "''
easily given, ofabuslng persons , la education and for Improvements to pub- Japan had demonstrated that the small- yards. back aboard ship. There he is drilled three-tenths of a second. With an or- " .-fP a cow,. anj M iBr twj
speeches on the noor, of Impugning ths j0 buildings. In many of the smaller, er guns seldom got at close enough The pictures which accompany this in loading and unloading and the like, dlnary roll at an ordinary range,' if tn ttier "n 1 n,?V- .hZ.TJi., ii' f
moUves of members of fhe legislature, things , a degree of economy ts main-' ranges to be effectlv. In the sea of article were taken aboard 'the Kansas Then comes the actual handling of the pointer lost the target for even that m J1 no?tK Jr .i. "
are unknown here or at least Untried, talnixt tlint wotlld nmi lmnniHlhl. in Janan it was Toro'a 1 tnil alarhr inch durin these ru-tli hnttloa mm Yet as alwsva th nnvlna mint thr.-tnth nr mecnriH III. nimlontllii W OB can ! P P'S 'IIU,I;U'
in -pouuoai campaigns tnese triCKS are American nolitlca. . SVir Inhtnnr-n. the runs that sent so mir of Roleatven- The Vermont also.tnade inmn rnmnrtr. o-rv alnwlv PliiBr-nnnr" nrartipe. an tha woitM mlsa tt mark hv Ron varda
resorted o, .pctaps, but, in legislature Janitor In; charge of the government skyHh vessels to the bottom. able scores, once tearing the target en- English term lt, Is aU that is allowed . Tho calculations and allowances that' ' ,
never.- ' - buildings, the "finest In all Canada west By 1907 the Atlantic fleet's big gun tlreiy to pieces. ; him. That is, a small-bore rifle Is must b made are enough to make one Dramatic
Legislative action is direct and post- of 'Ottawa, -draws but ! $720 per ' year,-, record had risen to 80.7. per cent of hits For the skill necessary -to make thes placed Inside a big gun, so that a maxi-' dissy. Yet on a. battleship this Is the !nActrtS8 briJe of aiscardu witf
tivej-When once the body has spoken, .while the carpenter draws but $960. at. to knots an hour, and ranges of from records tha navy is willing to pay. mum of aiming may be done at a mini- ordinary routine. The men are keyed millionaire father. Naturally,
Its lnandate is accepted without mur- Each man is In charge of several as- 6000- to 9000 yards. Individual, battle- Everything possible is done to stimulate mum of expense. ' . up to their . work. There are both tion d-em-nds It. Wult fvr t.K-:
mur, at leat untU, the next campaignslstants, The secretary , to the-lieu-, ships, with their 11 and 1 J inch guns the ambition of the men to become good - Last of all comes the practice with money and preferment" for those who act
r