THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING,
DECEMHCR
5. 1D0D,
CONGRESSIONAL CRANIUMS AGAIN CROWD CAPITO
Senators and Representatives of trie Bulging Brow Who Meet Tomorrow in Annual Session in tne Nation's Capital Constitute tlic Composite Ideal of Ninety Millions of People
lr William Marion V l'ur.
WASHINGTON. D. C. ,!.
The irtda that gather totnor-''
tow under the d.iine if ,the
rattol lo wreatla with the
pinmem or iatv making rur ,
Ihe greatest nation In tho world are
big heads, long tisade, square heada,
knotty head a. Jla who appllea the dog
gerel "Little heed, 11 1 1 1 wit; btg head,
not a bit" to tha highest reprearhtatlve
body of tha nation goes wrong, for
these heda ara nuuiNtroua Urga and
their ownm ara hera merely becauee
tlioy had the wit to get elected over a
' thousand aspirants to tha places they
j occupy. , S .
These men. get fitted with hat 'in
Washington. From ilia ahopa, they fre.
Vjuent hava been selected at ' ramdom
the registers of their oraiilume. I'rue
tlcally all. of them hava big head i .
liea da a quarter larger than tha general
run among the men of tha nation. Tha
averago f .r congressmen would be as '
high aa 714 and aa a matter of common
knowledge a number 7. head la bigger.
" than moat. There la the 'except lonal
' ? small . head that gets to congresa and"
' a u coredi there but the hai band burster
' la the general rule. ' , .".' V
' , ; ' ' ' ' . - '
, Presidential Cranium.' ' ' - 1 .
- For "that matter tha beetling brow (a
. lodged In other high places even over-
' tupping congress.' Tha . present occu- .
-pant of tha Whljte. House weara a. hat
' registering to the unuaual notch of TV4.
Ilia atrenuoua . Immediate; predecessor,
foil below .t hi record In expanse of.,
phrenological circumference by only a
- lnjrle point and wore a skypleca that
,' wan designated 7'. . , '-' .
."'The heads of theee. two chief! execu- ,
tlve are wonderfully similar n general ."
ahapa but th Taft pattern la mora regu-',
: lr and less given to bumps. .
The pattern of the top i of a mtn'i .
head on tha average looks more-Ilka the '
' sole of a baby's shoe than anything else. .
The heel of - this shoo represent tha
forehead and la more widened Oat In the'
congressman than In the generality. The .
head of. the. Honorable Nicholas Long','
.worth, for Instance, la as wide in front' ,
. ae behind and were - If ."unadorned, It ?
would bo difficult to ;teH whether If .."
.'were coming or going. It Is the moat .:-
. regular head
' oval' twice as
U -
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HON.KICtlOLAS LONGVORTM
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C-TERKINS, "HOT. J.G. CANKONf . : t t, 6t.1T. llXX J7- " . HON.G. .TlUei , HON. aKCinxyn , 7 '
In congress, a, complete of Maryland has the head which con- has riiidycn down their opponents.- The thirds; merchant, one tenth; soldier, one a, high standard tf education prevails, school and then lead him i further to
'u wiun. . u f,m i 74, iraais most mranriy wiui inis. xor it im. averaae are. nowever. neavv." diochv eiamn: proressionai Domician. one in iiere mere are tnree men with more or essar noiitics. . -...
; aa Is the bead of Senator Perkins of Ion and narrow.' The Hitchcock head n en. weir padded with flesh, men in' teenth; newspaper man. one sixteenth; less. college training to two without it. - Another chnracter-who finds the gate
, Callforiia, which Is Very similar In Is, 60 for cent wider , than the Fearre whom are combined genial dispositions farmer, one thirtieths banker, one thlr- The . percentage of college graduates wide open that leads to political paa
' shape but trimmed in more Irregularl- head, i and great force. The average weight; of ' tieth. :; Then there Is a. bare . trace of among the old members is; higher than tures green is the old soldier. Thee
fee- " , . , . , Speaker Cannon ias Just arf, average, the, member of congress would be not. numberless callings, running all the among the inew ones which leads to" the are 48 soldiers in the house of repre-
- ' ' ," . -full, 7' head. "If he were not a con- less thari' 18ff pounds. The' repreaerita- way, from cowboy to college president. ' conclusion that the' mora highly edu sentatlvea despite the remoteness of
Head That Contrast, . . ( preesman It would be narrower In the tive is heavier than the senator,, more Here are the figures fo' the house as cated members are more .likely to stick any war of Importance and a lack of
' ' The greatest ' contrast Jn heads ill forehead and ho would be nearly an eM pugnacious, blockier,-nearer the mass of 'a"" Ss It1 is possible to ascertain call- when once elected , than are those less representation of the regular army,
congress Is , this year removed, . It .'active business man. The baby's foot the people. He fights more and dirfer-. lngs: . , . ' v blessed with -learning. The small per- : The lawyer who finds himself In con-
exlated between John Wesley Qalnes of represented by the . head of Senator ently ?or his-place and tho differing Lawyers 255. merchants S4, politK centage of college men In active life and gresa can, in the majority of casus,
Tenneasee and John Dalzell of Pennsyl- CuUom of Illinois would appear to be conditions Tcqulr6 a ' different "man , to Clans 23, newspaper men- 20. . farmers the large per cent of them in this picked look back on his career and' see above
van la. The former had the' largest affected with bunions for It widens out survive. There is aside from, the type 10,. manufacturers 9. bankers 14.-insur-; body throws a strong light upon tha all landmarks the point of his turning
: head In- congress and the latter , the -irreatly and'knottlly towards the back.' a considerable sprinkling of- the , slim, ance' men 4, engineers S,-doctors 4, cow- practical value of a college education. jn the office of district attorney.' There
smallest.- There is three times' as much iThe torehead of Senator Culiom is un- wiry man who depends Upon -hla very boys 4, authors 2, labor leaders 2. and . -These college men are not, however, are. In round numbers, J00 district at
cublo brain cavity in the Galnea head tiirually narrow.v Senator Hale has one wit or upon cunning to hold his place one each of actors, naval officers, team-' graduates of Harvard and , Yale and torneys In the house. The farm origin
aa In the Dalzell head. One wore a 7H ot tn8 lon"est heads In congress. It is instead f the geniality and physics l'sters,' horse traders, auctioneers, .hotel Princeton. They are men who have at- of great men is also greatly In evl-
hat and the pther The man with "a ' larger than that of Senator fcrce of the majority. A head of large men, preachers and princes. - . tended the remote institutions of their dence as a favorite theme of national
' Asian irom -me callings wnicn tne given communities ana, state, univerei- politicians. Many 01 tnem originated
members of congress were ..following at ties. Most or them were well up in in the rural districts. and all of them
Irg Of more congressional red ink than J iuu ab - ' J wv.i I r-a k. pujrnique- ui mo ui.xcBBim xutr inw irrrro-- vi niirir- TT.T-vTTTCTTrcri.'i v 'bttmw kw' -wwitriwfw ryv-aruMri"Vl lfl!aw,TTT-vrCT awfr-wIWIiyB'rr'
any man In congress. The man "with De oumps pui iu i-uncavme Bra nuw gressman is reaponsioie ior tna size or nmny wnu nave run me gamut or traues unu inero , were years oeiween terms late it into saetcnes or tnemselves. in
the smallest head surpassed them all In out with railroad rates. His )s the per- his head rather than any special mental and professions with "such rapidity ani when they worked at all aprts of labor many Instances the authors of the con-'
5 li'tenslty, lncisiveness. His mind nlclously active sort of head., . , qualification. ' . ' Vi ' - variety as to make their lives look like and laid aside a hoard for more study, gresslonal state somewnat blushlngly
eemed sharpened to a raxor edge, boiled '. , T , ' ' ' , t, ' ' v " . f stereoptlcon entertainment One prom- ' , ; that they are widely known as farm-
down to an essence. The record cranium Nation Lawmaker Heavy. . - Stepping Stones to Congress. Mnent member was a hired man on tho Many Taught School. , ers. There is generally a. log cabin,
is this year, lost to congress. for his The others are like or intermediate Congress ; prints a directory of its farm . nd later .president of a.-oollegor 1.).Tb0 ,ost ra,narBable predomlnence ofn,Mch: trus;B:llns; . and ' privation. It is
constituency Vailed to return John Wes- . between these types. The , fact that members, in which each man writes his w"h stretch or things between. An- any glven lin6 of activity that entered larel3 rea, sometimes sham, but al
ley Gaines. But the smallest head has most of them. are large may be due to own ..biography. From this -the - man otT Progressed from Jockey to lawyer lnto the Uves of great numbers of em- wf,5"" PPPlr with the common people
survived and as tho Republican whip, another fact, most congressmen are big with a weakness for figures can read- ftn yt another from newsboy to poll- bryonlo congressmen was that of teacher. tBck home who cast the votes.
DaUsoli Will still apply the lash In the men physically. To tho man who studies lly work out a great many of. the ele- ,n- Almost U rose throuarh adver- two thirds of the men who alt on the 1 ' . T. ,
, Sixty-first congress. " , , . the , congressman as a type there will ments that go- to make up the aver- "uv na lougnt tneir . way from ot- house side have at some time or other Stand for Popular Ideal.
The widest head in congress la that soon coma . 'tho "conviction that he wins ago t congressman. It , is almost -poa. ' , - taught school and mention the fact ;r These members of congress, partlou-
vt Representative Hitchcock of ",Ne- largelr through his physique. At'any slble to put all these contributing ele- ' pr-fi. ' their biographies. The stamp of the larly of the lower house, are unques-
braska. It is a 714 and broadens out rate, the vast majority of the members ments Into a kettle, boll them together uucauon .rrevaus., ,, pedagogue is strong upon congress, tlonably ' representatives of the most
above , the tars. Toward ' the forehead are, large men. Many are towering and dip out sufficient to make one mai'. The average age of the members, of There1 aeems to be some subtle lnflu- dominant in the American people. They
fie '-two sides of it refuse to match, one giants above 6, feet and large in propor- the composite congressman.- : - the house is 46, while that of the sen- 'ence wielded by the schoolroom which are not absolutely type' of the people,'
corner of it being convex while the '. tion, handsome, curly haired men whose According to this system the mem- ate is nearly 20 years greater. Even leads to public life or there are traits but ore nearer an approximated Ideal,
other is concave. Representative Pearre very physical force and attractiveness b.er of .ae Slxty-frst; is, -lawyer, two In the more popular branch of congress of character which lead a man to teach The people vote for those qualitils in
the big head was also tho greatest talk-,' ,lfl,u UL ocumor um. iuiwu ciroumiercnce is naiurmiT proporiionato .
Is but a T. 'It is roundish and strutting-, to large bodies and it Is likely that the.
randldAIca tlit niuat app.l t . -1 i .
The man who ha mom of ihu iuaii
tlea will rln higher in the piil.ll. rf-'".
and be rlectrd. - lie will hold hie ylur,.
only until another man art- ( lr
Stronger with the peole. Tn pe., u
do not weigh 1 to pomula euclj nor nr
seven and ftmnr liata, but t'ir'r
, Idrala do. I'uhllo oplnloti , to Did con.
trary not wtthatandlng, tha nirinlwre of
tha liouaa of reprattvntallv are un r
. who approarti h ideal of manhood frum
the, standpoint of tha people whu tin '
. them. Miliar Jawed,' broad backed.'
fighting men. . they are for the uou
. part man of action, man who da thinK"
. That la the type of man urn whicn
tha peopia , place their stamp of ap
proval. .. ..
Tha frot k coat alia well upon the oon
' grrasman and ha doea not look out of
place In - a cutaway, no matter hoi
greatly out of etylr.' Ha prefera.lt
aomewhat shiny, . and not too well
preaaed. Tha folks back home, most not
- think he Is a "dude. ' His ahoea ar
atout and hi garments ample. The anrt .
hat la still largely In evidence dapiti
' the, advancement of up to datenean in
"the VITliiKea;'""There"are "more 'soft," ht i
In . congress than stiff hats and ihev
'are more likely to atay there. Muny
congressmen-have never found it nacen-""
sary- to have a, hat. conrm' to their
. heads, , fer those . made of fait adapt
themselves...''.,''.', ;'. . J
. That Contemplative Atr.
' There, sits on the face ,of the-con-gresaman
an air of quiet yet serlom
contemplation. He aamimea the vlrtuo
if he has" U. 'not. There is never any
question of .mistaking . congressman
In the lobby "of a 'Washington hottl.
He In much more . likely to appear in
his shirt sleeves, than without the con
templative -air. In many Instances It
is the real thing for the man , from
the rurals or seml-rurals to be content- ,
platlve. When In -publii life be spends
his spare time, which Is very consider
able! at the grocery store or In the ho-
tel-lobby of his native town, where he
discusses continuously the matters or
public lmportsncev The men with whom ,
he talks are much better posted on poll- .
tics -than are the1 constituents of th
members from the. city districts. They
. have much time for reading and for
thought. , As a, result they think tnon
and have more the minds of statesmen. .
In the history of the nation practically
all the great statesmen have come from
the rurals and the really great men to
day are from the smaller communities.
The dapper member, from the city hn
been too busy to contemplate. He ha
little national influence.
The fact Is that members of congress
have big headsare big men physically,
wear frock coats and are prone to as
sume that air of mental abstraction. '"''
The composite congressman Is' pro-'
portlonate to his cranium. He Is a biff,
full, well rounded, .masterful man. H i
would not long be a congressman were
he not. He congregates en masse a t
Utastaoo
the 941,000,000.' He is their sort of man ,
and his mistakes are their mistakes. Hj
is the best product that the 392 districts
can turn out. The only way to Im
prove upon hlhv Is. to Improve the ideiH
of tha constituents. : Then, if there ari
better men in , their -districts, they wilj ,
be elected.', But today the people are
getting what they want. The men m
the present congress are more than. rep-,
resentatlves, they are the ideals of th&
people. , ' ' "
' Wishful.
' If wishes were horses.
We still do feel
That most folks would sign
For an automobile. .
. . Philadelphia Bulletin.
NEW AIR STUDIES By George E. Waist
ODD TRAGEDY of ASTOR FORTUNE
HE! whereabouts of John Jacob Ho expected to becomo a piano sales- Captain Thorn made and exasperated
Astor have been the subject of man, but while the ship that brought jthat choleric gentlemen to a high degree,
wide speculation the country him over was icebound In the Cheaa- When Captain Thorn made a bid tho
over during the past few weeks, peake he heard enough - from one' of chief demanded twice what the captain
and especially In the east has his fellow passenaers to convince Kim of fered. The captain, white with rags.
this sequel to, the' divorce suit recent.y that in this country there were far seized the sains, whipped the Indian
may thus be said to be ' Just entering
upon its. second era. It has taken all
these years to secure trustworthy data
concerning the nature of the. air, imme-
m m EATHKR predictions do nol al- instrument was set to operate at a milejr from the earth and extends as far dlately above. With such data it has
m 1 , -ways prove correct, ' but the' certain allitude, say,' 10 miles. When up. as man has been able to investigate, been Impossible to do more than make
1 extent of scientific study and tho -balloon reached that height the . It may, be that .it reaches out to 50 eurfaco predictions. The true solution
: experiment, devoted to the thermometer would gr to a certain point- miles,., tho limits set for the earth's at- of tho problem must be made .through
problem . is ; not , generally , below iero,; and when" this waS reached mosphere, or,-it may be . that there la closer knowledge of the relative effect
known, and if wo can believe the prom- ' the mercury would complete an elec- a- fourth or even a fifth distinct layer, of the various layers upon one another.
Ines of the scientists In the field w trical . ciixuit arranged on the instru- The study and investigation of this re- ., For Instance, the great " planetary brought by Mrs. Astor been much com- more possibilities for him as a dealer about the face with them and then, as
shall in time be able, to forecast wun ; menta. iius wouio. reieane prmar, gion ia now oiio .ox.uie wnututHia uw.- ?wm ui tne. secona layer, or air may mented upon. That the wealthy ( New in furs than as a dealer in musical In- Kookamls ran from him, he kicked
fair precision the estate of the-weather and a small hammer would ; fall and talned by the metereologlst The que,s- have a direct bearing upon the dis- Yorker is aboard hlr. yacht Nourmahal struments. . Wlien he got to New York Nookamis overboard. As If that was
week ".in iadvance. This may seem, a smash the glass end of a closed tube tion simply revolves round the problem turbance of the lower stratum, or the cruising in the seclusion of certain .West he started in at once as a buyer of not enough he kicked all the pelts of
little stretching? of the imagination when that had previously .been exhausted of of making; sounding balloons that can latter may sinaply react upon the forr-Indian isles UU.the puff of unpleasant pelts. . the Indians overboard and drove the
wai'reaiita.'. Uwt-.'.thtf-.Weataer; buroau.; :''; - totnWiftUlrtbr wtalda-aj -aaeend to still greater heights. mer and cause local interruptions in the publicity blows over, is the common Patiently and carefully Astor -went whole band off tha ship,
not able yet to. make more than 80 per - grear winds. As the three distinct lay- verdict . about building, up a trade on his own
cent wrrext forecasts In each 24 hours, Working With Gas Balloons. ,1 "iMSSS. ??-to :Th : thin. ln thi.' divorce p. account, m sought no alliances anS The Attack.
But the advances made In.' tta - -".fH""1' : When a hydrogen;gas balloon goes "1lf1t' l" ,wae'.u ceedlng different from hundreds of looked for no favors. He traded with' Tha followlna morning ' narties of
of the air In the last few years have of platinum wire wound ; round the th expands' as a thinner, at- hat the fnc"on of each is separate other ,uUs brought ' each dav but the the Indians the French and the. Kna- T 8 morning parties, oi
been so' wonderful that abr.ef surfey ct brokeng Twy t,1t! mospherels reached. and at r..t'. and no reaction fol- ST&TLtmin lish.'o.snaV c Vx2 .V". "
them will indicate the basis on which air, thus captured.- Whenthe initru-, heights the expansion causes an ex--low- ' . .' '.' . ; i ' : : almost unlimited wealth makes th tela ada and nui-chased wlt. frnm th knives and hatchets always
lit Oat;uaiBc ivi iuci & u vwa dmusj j. w . iv
eg the captain gave orders for: them
to - get ; Into their boats there was a
yelh Knives, clubs and hatchets were
drawn and the Indians hurled . them
selves upon the the- whites. The first -,
man to fall was one, Lewis, the ship's
clerk. -'. : y. '--.4'V:" v"-1'"-- '
' The captain made a-fight and strewed
his path with dead and wounded. But
now and then' a knife, a club or an at
struck him and at last he fell. -In an
instant he was hacked to death and then
tossed overboard. ;C J :s ':"". .'.
Four of the seven men who had gono'
aloft managed to get to the cahln -where
they found Lewis. They barri
caded the door and then with muskets
and pistols fired through holes in the
companloaway ... and cleared ' the ' deck.
That night the four sailors, unable to
,ork the ship, put off . in a boat in
ine rwuiii!.i wB"'Br ir"i , imn thir thiii taken at five or 10 PIOSIon- ' ouuoina; pauoons or great- . -rj ",n of his family trouble what in popular Northwest company, the Mackinaw com-
their promises. Until weather forecast- rJ:Sntmn capacity and very light, exploration - i""1"'. parlance la termed "good reading." pany or the Hudson Bay company. Ia
ilf ,TJf:.n M ll" ?'LinJ"": SSL".b?r: - i !LJ-??.;!52 i - t'LS .1 'J, divorce pro-.M ye.ra.nd in bad years he pros-
ro 1. 1II.VIV a,MWTvaa w . , v : i " - UUigj UilSIirU. VY IIQU LUH IIHllUUnH M.I H raws . 1 1 a - i . i m a. i
cum uiisiieu-. vv ri t 11 LiiH iisiionnH ara rs . . . . . . i 4 . i .
Fhere., That, portion of it directly ,- ' . rt leased 'with instruments they . carry tha WD"ner " begins at seven and a TTl B" m y oe. " aouotiu. n iney
' ?l7lS ' iw...t.utiMf.-'analvHl. Three Air Strata. ' : J". lluM ?"J ?n,T -.J ?.:anr half miles, and in winter at a lower more intensely exciting story
r.V. C.r Z.. I T.j i-t. .i.. ' .. ... v... l.T.rV."!' altitude. So after all h thmrv than the tale of the Astor fortune it
mm uioiievicuj ijvj mn ....vo..- iniiu turaq iiianj-, cAvcuuiniua ,11 imn gaa uag expiuuuB, ana nese drop slow- , .T" , . v VlA ,-
gated the upper layers. Balloons could been learned that there are three great ly toward the earth. v When the hai- our weather ,s modified by the condi- . lns. ory or now. "
- "... . . - - 'vnM nVi.A .m. . m 1 . lOTwi an Tna narinr aar nan
v ascend only a few miles, and mountain strata of air each one more or less dis- loons reach an altitude within the sec
'climbers could not get much., beyond tlnct. ; The lowest, which " surrounds ond layer of air they travel with great
the same altitude. . and extends only two or three miles velocitv. makine- from 40 tn go . mile
Tken came the Invention et weather from the: earth..' Is the :: densest and an .hdur. " .When they pass beyond this ! ' ; Undo Ezra Say: '
kites and the small sounding balloons, nearly always in uncertain processes of altitude. they gradually cease their vio- , " From the Boston Herald.
Meteorologists .began sounding the air change in temperature, in wind veloo- lent speed, and sometimes travel in tha It Is alius well to remember that the
much as the marine biologist sounds ity, in ' moisture, and in pressure. It opposite direction at very slow speed smile that won't come off afoTe-'lectloa
the depths .of the sea. 1 Indeed. the at- seema to be in a state of constant agi- or remain stationary. aen'lv dlsannanra . nurtv nnn -f.
mospnera waa taaen reiireBcm-ina . tattoo, inuun tta me Bunatu ui ino -4 xne science Ox w
was accumu-
tion. of the' upper layers of air has a lated and the daring scheme of the pres
foundation In fact- , ent inherltant's revolutionary grand-
- - - father to acquire control of the whole
northwest
The Beginning.
. great ocean; but witn tne oiirerence- is at au seasons, a
. that we are at i the bottom 'Instead "of ,-. Weather forecasting ' today consists
tha top. and our soundtngs must be Just chiefly in a study of this lower stratum
the reverse of thoset)f the marine biol-; of air, and consequently It is not so
ogist The latter invented Instruments thorough as It should be. ;
; for sounding the depths of the ocean ' Above this first layer Is . .another,
that no man could reach, and with these which begins at about two miles and
he obtained correct temperatures of extends up to six or seven. This layer
lower levels and fished up specimens of Is 'very cold, dry, and moving always
, plant and animal life.,' , " In one direction. It ia caused by the
', ." ,'' ', - ' ' " - ' -r revolution of the earth on Its axis. The'
. Plumbing of the Air. '' ! npper part of this layer blows with -
The meteorologist has applied himself Je" velocity. It is. really a Violent
assiduously to the plumbing of the air. hurricane sweeping at all times round
The thickness of the air that surrounds Tn- ' Th lower, '? m"ra.e.a
the earth Is estimated at about 50 mllea; a"teo. oy toe -apr.ci.u. ,-
but no man has ever beeii able to-sound ;ndD,0f' dlatarbancaa are thus
the extreme height The greatest height ased ; But the upper part of the flayer -to
which sounding balloons hava B.T mndly ""d'jy mJd ,
reacnea is aoout it bum, tens. man nair . - . . - - -. .
the total dlatanr. of the air envelop. wn ,emP?tnottB f"a i'.-t"
But every year finds deeper aoundlngs.. ratr. 1..- '""lu
.nrt it mi not he loer hifnr. .hlii 1 'srer of air drops at times as tow.
. . T A. lui nw C 1 1 1 n nnlnl
t The third layer of ad just above the
hurricane dletrlct is vast region of
calm. It la called technically the "Iso
thermal stratum'! by some, and by oth-
weather . prediction wards.
John Jacob Astor had come to the
United States in 17$a. an immigrant
from Waldford, a village -on the Rhine.
SAYINGS OF SANTA CLAUS-Part 1
perea, xor ,jie was a genius as a mer
chant. He was a trade enconomlst.
Most of the goods he exchanged for
pelts he manufactured himself. .
By the close of the eighteenth cen
tury he was the richest man In the
United States. Then. In the first decade
Of the nineteenth century, Louisiana
was purchased from France, and John
Jacob Astor, . sitting in his office in
pearl street, studied the new map of
the United States ; and marveled , over ,
the possibilities of the newly acquired
empire opened to the nation.
Preparations.
To Washington went Mr. Astor to
get from the president the sanction
1 H
be able to get beyond the extreme thin
edge of the atmosphere. ... : , - , 1
The sounding balloot-.a and kites carry
automatic registering instruments which
k,ln A . k ...HP. .A 1 nril. K. .
Prature.: humidity, weight thlnaeaa of r th? .T"!!' 1 A ?"L-
phere at different elevations t.Z. . V.T.
the atmosph
and the direction and force of the wind.
But the balloons go to auch heights
that In order te make accurate recorda
it Is easenttal to adopt some Ingenious
device. Fer Instance. lt . v fount)
Impossible to invent an ink that would
not freeze a few miles In the upper air.
Meteorologists then adopted - smoked
gla for the printing of th4r auto
matic reenrdn. Tbis works wonderfolly
well, and aa the changes In the temper
ature and molvture occur a little needle
make marke on the surface. In this
way tfcer have rucce-ded la retting
truatworthy data of the air from five
to II miles ovrtiui.
CettLit: Sample of Air.
Eut It waa conader4 lmrriat that caripr
we houM a--t m fnptf .f iMs upper
e1r in pi.!t To cfirti !li tlit q
t- r" li'tie rtvtc-e w t-rmttrurt''!
" ' v in a ai. !.-!) t-a i kvtk The
glon of strong easterly wlnda; but It
i not exactly summary. Thw temper
ature varies front 120 to 140 degrees
below freesing point This air is also
excessively dry. It I aa thin and ten
' uous that if we could ascend to It ws
Should find trie sky always cloudless
and net suffused with light. It wtmld
appear fearfully black day and night,
and the etare weuld ahlne with cold
brilliance and net Wink at ".. The "sua
la this thin air would.' In eplte of the
cold, bum our skin to a bllater with Its
relnntWa raya, as no clouds or dense
layer of air woo Ut Intervene to tetnpeT
It. WlreleKe t-graphr would be -I'
In auch a thin attnosphere: for no
arrrnr-lable soned jvn .could travel
tdrouah It. Th tiumin -oUm wrmki not
huRilred fwt away. ... .
Tie thifkne f .tbis Tt upper
lnver t unknown; f"r T--0 siinJre rwl
t'n ' lw- aM (t p"Wtra) twjfmd
It. Jb I'rMum trains St at"st nwt
: j. ' . . . - - - . - -
come, wtjrkers, bring me my big red book; f
1 For. the children's names I now must look. , "
Christmas is. coming -it's now in the air, 1 '
And each good child must get his fair share. - . t .-
Oh," what a task I now have again ! ,
So bring me my pipe, a chair and a pen.
- :'V " '. ; ''" -
' ' . ' . The As have about filled all of their space ;
, " . The B's, C's and D's are each in their place.
V . ; What's up? E with a blot! Some little elf
Has- forgotten all others and
thought only of self.
F's, G's and fl's are all here in
a row; - '
In theI's and the J's'nbne are
missing, I knowr - ;-
How hard K's, L's and Ms have
tried all this year! , .
The X's. O's and F's have no
cause for fear. , . ,
Now, where's that ascal, who
pent all the nitrht
Trjing lo catch me, bn t gave him a fright?
I le's here in the Q'..R's. S s of T's
1 11 never forget how he begged on his knees.
or tne government ror the. magniricent hopp, of making Astoria. They wanted
" nnnci. e goi tne en- to take Lewis, but he refused,
thuslastic support of Mr. Jefforaon and -the
cabinet No doubt Mr. Astor saw Lewis Revenge.
ft rc v. f.iijb xy& luiiiacii. ill tne eiiver-
prise, but. far more than profit, he
sought the fame the project would
bring to him. -
There was a lot of work preparing
properly for the expedition. First of
all. Mr. Astor organised the American
Fur company. That company got ita
charter juat 100 years ago. Unable to
get in the United States the voyagers
be thought necessary, he recruited a
' force from among the attaches of the
Northwest company. For his lieu
tenants in the undertaking he also drew
mainly on the men of the Northwest
company. These men he made partners.
He gave to them B0 per cent of the in
terest, retaining the ether 60 per cent
himseW. They were under no finan
cial responsibility. He put up 1400.00.
A ftiie ship, the Tonquin, waa equipped
for the sea trip. She carried in her
hold the frame of a schooner whl -h
waa to be employed In the Feci fie coast-
in trade.
Soon' after daylight a few canoea put
off from shore te reconnolter. - Around
and around they circled, but-the sail
of the Tonquin flapped Wly and there
was no sign of life aboard. The canoe
came close and then a man apparv,
on deck. It was Lewis, the ship's cleric
He made signs of welcome and Invitej
the fndiana on board. The Indians wer
unwilling at first, but as hour followed
hour they became emboldened. ' , ,
When the deck was crowded wrre
more, crowded almost aa it bad
the day before, a man wounded uu.
death crept along the floor of th,.
bold until he reached . the maguf ". ,
where four tons of powd.r were !.:. 1.
Then tbe-re was a report ie
haa never was h.trd in Yarn wiii -r
bay before or ainre. Tl. Tom ( i,i J t
aa Instant became'a volenti Jim tin -bera,
torn Into Ji.sO'J fiatinxiits. ei
thrown high la the air thm ik,i
tered over the water. Of the lu.iip
who were the derk. the tiea h f-.r
My V and the Vs are nearly all girl-
Won't they be pleased with t'heif do!l with real cnrN!
The "s are mmti WiUiama, ho ca!I theniM-!vc5 Uill;.
Hut with X, V's and Z' mv bxA will .n fill. . h rit
Xow fur the wrfklKp to ji'an all the t"vs
Jut "what 1 know will j-IraMi girls and b'vs,
.u . t j; a mll- about mas strews tr iUv ,u.
.rouing the Indians. - , their diamembed r.rta shii ,
On September.. lilt, the Tonoutn rtk. I.ad avenged tl.e Tnnrima rV t
left new York. The frigate Conatltj- The lend petty finHy n-vt.d t
tion conrored ber to sa On Marco roast, bat a rf find it g 'he t,- .-
ti. 1111. the Ton'iuJn sirlre4 aff tbe t)Urt jrox-ef lav-lll, i,.l iti t
mouth ot the Columbia. - xenlur turned e a fs i . it.'.
A few daya later the ship arrived " u -i a-J Afiri n !f J,,i.n Ja
at Vam-ouver island and anchored. Is Asior .r irt(.. it. 1,, t
the mom ins: greet fWt of ttner j.t ! he est rf ?,. it. t, ,i i
off from sttore and evarmrd about the lament t,t a n... v r-i 1
ship. Tbe ladtaaa hmd eea otter efcina in a witsa f r., i n ! t--
te well and were heaOed bv an ol4 sib- away, full "f ), 1 t . ,
rblet MOMM Nml. Tl.e ship cap- fortune r-o.fM-. r- .1
led a (rentable deal and tied
pread with blankets, clothe.
kelrea. bead and fiahHnoka Tt.e la-,
rti,tai some eTiiwr-tTc wtti TT i. "
aurt tradera a4 sroTfee at t. e erfre
.1 ...
umm.br Hie iui.dai,i.
Thr tn t" !"
A"r s;rve Mm 1
m te w. -'H t m t - '
1't-e "! i:tr.
..f
a.