TllEr OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, TUESDAY EVENING. , APRIL 13, 1009,
bfious
iw tariff
HISTORY
From Madison to Diriglcy,
Most of the r Framers of
Tariff Laws Hank Close to
War Heroes in the Popu
lar Jlemory. -r 5 "
A A A
. j ITha question that won't atajr -.
tied that's tha tariff question. '
! ,Th Old Man of th 8ea is a per-
aonMed caprice, compared with ,
V the tariff In reapeot of perelat-
' ence; Jack In the Box la reluct- j
ant "and unreliable, a veritable
malingerer, alongside ' of the
e; Issue that haa got Vh bob-up
' habit , Ineradlcably. From the;
standpoint ot the Issue-hunter,
e ' the Urlft has been a life-saver
e time out of mind, and seems
destined so to remain maen
nttely. ',Mr. Haskln's next article.
; No. 13 of. the tariff series, win
, recite the history of the tariff
regarded as. . a campaigners'
utility. " v-. :.. ;
A .- -. ";.-
. . v-a
s By FREDERIC 9. HASKIN.
- rcoDvriKht 1S0J by Frederto X Haakln.)
Washington, . April lLDurins; the
126 years of the American tariff sys
tem there have been II general revis
ions of the tariff, as many more
attempts at general revision,
i-r minnr rhlnicn. From Madl
on. who wrote the first tariff act, to
Hereno E. Payne, who will probably see
' the Dendlna revision called the Payne
law ur.ii naw tariff haa been latnerea
h mm nromlnent min.. In recent
years It has been the custom to give the
name f the chairman of the ways and
' means committee to the tariff acts, as,
for Instance, the Dlngley act the Wll
Inon act. and the McKlnley act. Prior
' to the civil war a tariff law frequently
: got the name of eomeone outside of the
house. The Walker tariff derived Its
name from Robert J. Walker, secretary
of the treasury. The Clay compromise
got Its name from Henry Clay, then a
United States senator.
Madison Hastened the Test.
i James Madison wrote America's first
tariff law. No statesman has ever done
a more audacious ( thing.. It was while
.training- at a gnat Of a 5 per cent tariff
that the confederation went to pieces.
VI o H 1 artn nrnnnsrul to make the
name colonies which composed the con -
federation swallow me camei 01 a mucn
higher tariff. He succeeded and "t$e
oncoiiragement of American manufac
tures." to which th; states would not
agree when members of the confedera
tion, was meekly acquiesced In when
members of the United States. With
Madison it was a case of everything to
ni uml tiothinr to lose.; He under
stood full well -that If the- government
would not levy a tariff on imports It
meant ruin anyway, and the test might
as well come then as thereafter. Mad
ison, Fillmore and McKinley are the
only three authors of tariff laws who
ever reached the presidency.
Dallas Author of 1818 Act.
'Alexander J. Dallas, secretary of the
' treasury tinder Madinon, was the virtual
, author of the tariff of 181. It had
1 been the custom for the secretary of the
treasury to be called on for a report
showing the needs of the treasury and
! the direction a change in the tariff
should take. Hamilton had produced his
"report on manufactures" and Albert
Gallatin had done likewise, taking; the
opposite view. In the main. Dallas was
born In the British Island of Jamaica,
and took the oath of allegiance in 1783.
It was on his suggestion that the second
national bank was incorporated in 1816,
and his " services as secretary of the
treasury during; the financially perilous
times following our second war with
England have always been regarded as
or a nign oraer.
Todd and BUa Writfht.
it Is rather hard to assign the author
ship of the' tariff of 1824. it was re
ported, by the committee on manufao-
-4 uw.- of -which Mrr -Todd-of - Permwyi
vania was chairman, though the meas
ure was framed by the committee act
ing as a whole. Mr. Todd steered it
throua-h the house.
Silas Wright wrote the report on the
bill which was afterward distorted Into
the tariff of abominations. Chairman
someone
said
that one cannot tell by the
looks of a hare how far he can
leap. '-.'..:"""'.;;:;.
This is true of pianos. As a
, rule, the cheaper and more un
reliable a piano is, the, more at
tractive the outside is made.
To have a good piano one
that will be entirely satisfac
tory, not only in tone, but in
lasting qualities and also in ap
pearance good material is the
first requirement, and expert
i workmanship the next. You
cannot expect to get good mu
sic or complete satisfaction out
of your instrument "unless you
have these. , t . ...
We have all kinds of pianos
for all kinds of uses, and at all
kinds of prices, and to the best
of our ability we will see to it
that yon get the piano that is
best adapted to your particular
needs when you deal with us.
Nd price quoted anywhere,
east or west, are so low that
you cannot do better here. We
are selling more pianos every
single day man dealers usually
sell in a wnoie week;, in fact.
railroad statistics recently com
piled give us credit for selling
727 per cent of all pianos sold
in Oregon.
We do not say this in a boast
ful way. . We merely wish to
acquaint' the public with -the
many advantages to be gained
by dealing with Eilers Piano
House, 253 Washington street.
Mallory of the committee on manufaa
tn re a,' inanaftnd the bill in the house
rut the probabilities are that the rr1!
for drafting the nienaure la largely du
to Silas Wrlfdit. t Wrlsht was a pollt
leal power In tils day, and as a member
of the United hi fa ins senate he made
himself one of the leaders of the n.
tlonal Democracy.
Adams .as a TTnlfler.
John Oniony Adams was the author
or the bill which furnishes the bast
or the tariff of Mil, and as such was
the only ex-presldent who ever drafted
a tariff law. Madison, Fillmore and
McKlnlflV liecam nraalrfant after thl
blUs became laws, but Adams was presl
oni Deiore. u had to contend wltn
situation the like of which has rarely
teen seen. The protectionists were In
the majority, bnt were divided among
themselves. The advocates of the Iron
schedule did not care what happened to
wooien. and the mends or the woolen
schedule were not concerned as to th
fate of Iron. But Adams seised the
warring factions and figuratively re
peated that celebrated admonition; "We
must all hang together or we will have
to hang separately." For once he se
cured unity of action and protectionists
' Clays 1833 Compromise.
The feat of Henry Clay In effecting
nis ramous tariff compromise of 1833
stands out as one of the. most remark
able political maneuvers of all tariff
history. He saw that protection was
doomed, and he promptly set about to
insure Its maintenance as long as dosmI
ble. He foresaw that defeat was the
portion which would befall the doctrine.
and he sought to get the best terms the
enemy would give. He wanted the
change to be a gradual one. and thought
nine years time enough in .which the
manufacturers should be asked ' to
change from a high tariff to a low tariff
Dasls. one of the favorite statements
aoout bis attitude was that he aever ex
pected that the low tariff, which his
compromise provided should go into ef
feet in 1842, should become operative;
that he expected a new high tariff law
to be passed before that time.- But such
a ctatement does not seem to do Justice
to the candor of the man. Maktaa the
on or proiecuqn to mix witn the watei
of free trade was a difficult feat, bul
one which Clay was able to aocomDllsh.
Aa a compromiser Henry Clay stands
out in first place among the statesmen
of the country, his compromise on the
Slavery question in
1860 being no less
reruarl
KADIS
than his tariff compromise
of 1838.
Xillmore and Walker,
Millard Fillmore, afterward president
wrote the tariff of 1842. That year
there were' two bills reported to the
house, one from the committee on man
u fact u res, by Mr. Saltonstall of Massa-
cnusetts, and the other by Mr. Fill
more, from the ways and means com
mittee. The Fillmore bill got tha right
of way; although Saltopstall made a
nara right to have his . measure sub
stituted. Secretary Forward of the
treasury department had assisted in
writing the Fillmore bill. . Forward was
a ennsyivanian by birth, and had pre
Vlously served in .congress, --.r
" Robert J. Walker was tha author of
me wnrr or 1B4S. He was a construc
tive statesman, and was the father of
tna "warehouse system" and the Inter
ior department.-. He refused the Demo
cratic nomination for vice president In
1844, and was made secretary of the
treasury In 1845, by President Polk.
Hla "Report on Manufactures." writ
ten from the low tariff standpoint, is
considered one of the tariff classics.
Hunter and Morrill '
The tariff act of 18 5 7 was written
by Senator R. M. T. Hunter of Virginia.
It was passed as a substitute for the
senate substitute to the house bill, and
wa aimed bv the nrealdnnt ' Hnni
had served In the house for many years,
and was its speaker fot one congress.
Ho afterward became a United States
senator. In 1862 he was elected a mem
ber of tha Confederate atatna lAtinta
and was a member of the. peace com
mission which met In Hampton Roads
4n
1865.-
Justin 8. Morrill, who ml h tar
iff that bears his name, was a Ver
monter. and was chairman nt th vav
and means committee for many years.
After servingr 12 years In the house he
was promotea to the senate in 1867. and
remained there until his death In De
cember. 1898, having served more than1
V. XV. XCSTXjr. .FrMdaaS ul
roraaa4, Oa
XtOVIM xma
ova Tzunora n
Sec
ears In succession In the congress
United lata ten. which Is to close
tn, If nut the record limgth or service.
Morrill also had charge of the war tar
Iff acta In tha house. He was thus tlx
author of more tariff measures than
any other man In the history of con
gress.
Morrison and KUla. :
William II. Morrison wrote two tariff
bills, but neither of them passed the
house, lie seeinoq to prefer to oe tne
power behind the throne rather than
wlnlder of the reenter and led the move
ment to make Kerr of Indiana the first
Democratic sneaker after the Civil war.
Again In 1883 he led the forces which
put Carlisle In tha speaker's chair. - In
both instances he was made chairman
of ways and mean a
Roger Q. Mills Is now the only living
man wno wrote a tarirr.blll that was
considered by both the senate and
house. All of the others have been
dead for some years. In recent times
mere seems to do a singular fatality
aiiaoning to me authors or tariff meas
urea. - William McKlnley died within
decade after the nasaaira nf tha M
Knlley law, and William U Wilson lived
no longer. iNeison Dingiey lived onl;
a few years after the measure whlcl
bore his name became the law of thi
land. Today we have only one ex-oreal
dent and one author of a htstorlo tariff
bill living. Mills went to the senate
arter leaving the bouse, and helped -to
frame the senate amendments to the
Wilson phi. - He la still living In Texas.
. Zf cXlnl7 BUI Baallr Aldrloh's,
' After Mills came McKlnlev. in whnnri
the world gives the credit of having
written tha McKlnley biU. As a mat
ter of fact, the bill waa 'lara-nlv a re.
draft of the senate substitute for the
Mills bill, and Senator Nelson W. Al-
arico- oia more to rrame that measure
than any other man. Mr. McKInlov va
perhaps the only author of a tariff bill
wno nas written a dook on tha tariff.
' ' ' Tha Scholarly Wilson. "
William I Wilson waa nrnhahlv. tha
most scholarly man who aVAf WVSli at It
American tariff law. At the rime of his
election to the house of representatives
he Was president of the Trnv-w e
nr.., f Tl I J tr. . . " ; . .
"wi jug i ma..- na was assigned to the
position of chairman or. the committee
of ways and means over the heads of
ail inose wno naa Deen memhnra nf that
committee. This was done by Speaker
V.""!1 v-uiiipruinise ana a recogni
tion or tne Cleveland Democracy in
the house. Mr. Wilson's after career
1 familiar history. He left a univer
sity Presidency to tflkn nn th H,.u.
of public life, and Immediately ar
laying down . those duties was elected
president of the historic Waahinvtnn
and Lee university, and died- In this
yuaiitun.
Diagley, the Hard Blggar.
Nelson Dlnalev. nnrnav a
J. I ' ' ! " rnal' 'a Der
""I" mo vui, euagr ot a aany paper
1 i ' ' - - " - VIHR'
. "JV CIDI til n I 1 mm inrirr law ,11...
IT' ""Y man or surpassing abil
ity, but he had a wonderful capacity for
hard atudy. Not an orator, but rather
possessing a weak ami nnt .u ii
voice; not of prepossessing personal ap-
.-....v, v Biu nna weaa looKinsr.
he knew that the only way to succeed
In congresa was -tn fennn, k.t .1
." " - " nvsrning suDjects or leg-
lo-oviuu. a cuueague wno boarded at
never visited Neiann ntn-i- -J
' wiiiHj "uiri wvi or mm that i. .
that he did not find him enann-A 1 i'
an easy chalrwitlt books and docu
ments surrounding him, and a pad and
pencil Iji his hand. : v
Other Tariff BIU Men.
Pig Iron KellV. . Rnmnal T T
Fernando Wood and many oth.ri
might be included in theTs" of hose
who have written tariff bills. To write
such a bill require Immena kJ;-!.
great discretion, jvrnnnin.,. . 1,lZt
and abundant lack of selfishness. Most
of those who have prepared tha tariff
measures successfuf and unsueef,,i
nave possessed those qualities.
Start Boring for Oil. '
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
Astoria. Or., April 13. A scow
load
of machinery was taken to- the Hess
ranch yesterday afternoon, where Harri
son, Brenner ft Palmberg will bore for
gas and oil. Boring will be. commenced
as soon as the machinery can be set up.
The-flrm has secured- leases on, a lajge,
year
the
THE 10MY ML BE ON EXIUBIWRI MX THIS WEEK
In Goddard-Kelly's Shoe Store Window, Sixth and Washington Sts.
Not the coined money, but the raw material from which the money comes. Thousands of persons who never before saw REAL QUARTZ FROM A REAL MINE,
have wondered why this bigf store had a lot of rock piled up in its window. They couldn't understand it. They did not know that it is the representative of a nation's great
n.ess thcrpdjicLoiialur-lhat-haa- made t hemsa nda-of American millionaires thafr-haa-ad- poor men Ttchtha has-deratedtlie lowly fium pUue of penary to one
of affluence from slavery tq a station of ease and comfort. " , - ', ? s
THE POTICIE MINING COMPANY HAS HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF TONS OF THIS RICH ORE
It has contracted for a mil which Fairbanks, Morse & Co. of Portland is to" construct for it, and when we get this in operation stock that now sells for 10 cents per
share will not be obtainable for even double this amonnt. Within a year 1000 shares now to be had for $100 will, we firmly believe, readily sell at $1000, and will not
be parted with even at this great price. The mine will be too profitable for that. As the evening newspaper said, the mines have made millionaires and billionaires of their
owners,, but , . ... ,
IT should be REMEMBERED that these MILLIONS and BILLIONS DID NOT COME from the OTHER FELLOWS POCKET ;
. No one is made poorer by the miner becoming rich no matter how he may roll in wealth. And by this we mean stockholders in mining enterprises not the man
who for a daily wage blasts the rock and digs, the treasure from the ground. It should likewise be remembered that
A SAVINGS BANK NEVER MADE A MILLIONAIRE
Except he own the bank. It is the depositor even then that makes the fortune for the banker, while in 'mining he makes it for hfmself. He associates himself witS
others in an enterprise that mutually benefits each on of them and they march along together on the broad, smooth road to prosperity. But some one says, "Not all who
mvest in mines get rich." True. But another says, "If I invested 14 times and lost, and won on the fifteenth, I am a thousand times ahead of the game," Bnt the
truth is, mining investments we mean investments in REAL mines, such as, ours win 85 times out of every 100. Mercantile investments succeed only 20 timet in 100,
and well informed business men declare the winners are only IS in each 100.
THE POTICIE MINES HAVE PASSED BEYOND THE PALE OF SPECULATION
They are developed to the actual ore deposits to the point of production to the point where only a mill is needed, and that is now contracted for. Of course we
. would not be foolish enough to order the mill before we found the necessity for it. .To do this would be the' height of folly. We have the treasure in 12 full 20-acre claims,
and in five years hence, when the Poticie ranks with the Bunker Hill & Sullivan,- scores of readers of our advertisements which are appearing now will mourn their own
folly in not procuring stock when it was offered at 10 cents per share. Alaska Tread well shares now sell in London at $24 each, and pay 12 per cent to the owners. Tread
well ore averages less than $4 per ton, then surely stock in the Poticie mines, with quarts worth five times that of the TreadweU, will soon be worth as mach as those of
the Alaska property: If this shall be,
r LET US FIGURE PROFITS IN POTICIE MINING SHARES ON THE TREADWELL BASIS
For the price of ONE Treadwelli share, as now sold in London, one can procure 240 shares of onr stock. When these 240 shares shall attain to $24 each, this present
investment of $24 will be worth $5760, and this at 12 per cent per annum will yield an annual revenue of $691.20. Thus for $24 planted in our mines today, there will be a
yearly harvest of $69120. But if it should be one-quarter this sum, then each $100 invested today will provide an annual income of $1000.
ISN'T THIS GOOD ENOUGH FOR YOU ?
omens aors sxxscroBa
rwraaaa. v
n X. Ian Ttoa rwajdaat
JalM, Ida.
the Ore Display
"...
CHIEF BLACK IS
10 BE HEf.lDVED
Charles Prcderson to Become
,. 'Head of St. Johns To
: lico Force.
' Mayor J. F. Hendricks. - the ne
elected mayor of St. Johns, will tonight
appoint' the standing committees - and
orricers for the coming year, one big
surprise will be the appointment of
Charles Prederson to the office of ohlef
Of police in place of Chief Joe Black, the
present Incumbent. Although Hendricks
rerused to conrirm these appointments.
It Is understood that these men will
receive the appointments.
Other appointments will be Charles
Anderson for another term as city an
glneer; George Dunbar and R. McKtnney,
pollca Officers: health officer, A. W. Vin
son. Committees on finance, street and
lights and several other committees will
With these auDOlntments will go In
creased salaries to the city engineer and
treasurer, chief of police and recorder.
Recorder A. M. Ksson will this year re-
..). 1 1nn ,inn v..n tB., ......
V " . , w vavv, aw iiiviv -vua-i, 1H.
but will have an expense allowance of
1340 cut orr. Uhier or Police prederson
will be given a monthly increase of f 13.60
over what was
Dl
paid Chief Black, while
City
Knglneer Anderson and Treasurer
'J. E. Tanch get 310 each a month more.
At the installation ceremonies held
last night In tho city hall all the newly
elected officers were Installed and sworn
In. The retiring-mayor, H. W. -Brlce,
was presented with a handsome leather
chair by the people of tha' city..
' ' 1 : . 1 - -'
. ' ' Astoria Man Shot.
''(Special Dlipatch to The Jonrnat.)
Astoria, April 18. Abel Hiltuncn, a
young man residing in the east end,
was shot but not dangerously wounded.
about 1 o'clock Sunday morning, by Otto
Slvu. The trouble Is alleged to have
HAD NOT ENJOYED
A MEAL IN YEARS
! "
Arkansas Farmer Follows
Fifteen Pounds
A. D. Henr-, a prominent farmer llv-
Ing o
Ark.,
on Rural Route No. 6, Jonesboro,
tn a statement given for publica
tion, tells a story that makes interest
ing reading for persons who suffer from
stomach trouble. Mr. Henry says:
"For six years I was a chronic suf
ferer from stomach trouble. In all that
time I did not eat a meal to enjoy It No
matter what I ate It caused pain and
distress. Food laid In a hard lump upon
my stomach. I lost In flesh and
strength, and was unable to find relief.
suffered night and day was robbed or
my sleep and rest and arose In the
morning as tired as when I went to bed.
was completely run down, and derived
no benefit from any medicine I took.
"One day while In town my druggist
recommended Cooper's New Discovery. I
had noticed several articles in the news
papers regarding this . man Cooper s
wont m tne larger cities, ana aeoiaea to
alve his medicine a trial. Its effect
surprised me. Before I had taken all
of the first bottle I felt wonderfully
Improved. The pain and distress had
left me. my appetite was good, my bow-
Is'were moving regularly and naturally,
nt 1 man id aivep ouiraiy ai ainu
Shares 10 Cents Each. In Small or Great Quantities. Cash With Order This
, . May Be Closed nt Any Time
TIBIE'IP(D)TIIE MIMING CO,
Room 3, Raleigh Building. Portland. Oregon
In GoddardKeIly
been caused by Jealousy over a young
woman, whom Slvu took to a dance on
Saturday night.
The matter waa kent oulet until yes
terday, when 8lvu was srrested by Sher
iff Poineroy. but HlHunen does not wish
to prosecute him. lie says he started
the trouble ami la willing to stand
the consequences. , .
BK0KE JIAN GETS HIS
IN SALOON HOLDUP
- ITalta Praaa faaa Wtra.l
Butte, Mont. April 13. 4ecauaa ha
"went broke" at a gaming table In the
Mountain View saloon, Kdwln Madden
held up the resort. In which 80 men
were playing, last night and robbed the
bank of 168. -
As Madden was making bis escape
through a secret exit John Selala, a bar
tender, emptied his revolver at Madden,
fatally wounding him. . '
On his' deathbed Madden declared he
"get what waa coming to him." He
said It looked so easy for the gamblers
to rake tn his money that he deter
mined to take a chance at the game him-
sett . .. : ' '
EAST MULTNOMAH ' :
ItOAD WOKK STARTS
Oresham, Or., April 13. Road Super
visor Kenny has a large force at work
on the roads. The new road disc re
cently purchased by the county la being
worked. It loosens up the hard roadbed
and renders It very easy to gravel.
Kenny says the roads will be In i fine
shape for the annual automobile races,
to be held during the Rose Festival.. -
Money Comes In Bnnohes,
to A. A. Chlsholm of Tread well. N. -T.,
now. His reason Is well worth reading:
"For a long 'time I suffered from Indi
gestion, torpid liver, constipation, ner
vousness and general debility,"'- he
writes. - "I couldn t sleep, had no.appe
tite, nor ambition, grew weaker every
day, In spite of alt medical treatment.
Then . used Etectrlo Bitters. Twelve
bottles restored all my old time health
and vigor. NOW I can attend to busi
ness every day. It s a wonderful med
icine." Infallible for Stomach, Liver,
Kidneys, Blood and Nerves. 60c, at
Woodard, Clarke ft Co.
Advice of Cooper, and Gains
in Few Weeks
"I continued the treatment taking
several more bottles, and in six weeks
time I felt like a new man, fully re
stored to health and strength. I gained
fifteen pounds wtflle taking the Cooper
medicine. I cannot say1 enough tn
raise of Cooper's New Discovery it
rought new life to ma"
The theory of L. T. Cooper is based
upon common-sense reasoning. When
asked recently whv his medicine is so
successful, he replied: "My New Dis
covery Is successful because It corrects
the stomach. My theory is that few can
be sick if the digestive apparatus Is
working properly. It naturally follows
that few can be well with a poor diges
tion. I know from experience that most
of the tired, half-sick people that -ara
so common now-a-days have half-sick
stomachs. Put tha stomach In shape,
and nature does the rest The result Is
general good health. My medicine does
this."
Cooper's New Discovery Is a boon to
stomach sufferers. It is sold by all
druggists everywhere. A sample bottle
mailed free upon request by addressing
The C.dPPer, Medicine Company, Dayton,
Ohio. -. V. - , '
..Shoe Store Window All This Weelc
Casual Interest Develops Into
'Genuine Enthusiasm
Conspicuously to the Front Is Our Cele
brated "BROOK" The Peer
of All $300 Hats
CSPLCl A"rasaaVUDt: r0&
NEW QFFICE
International Correspondence School
of
SCRANTON. PA.
Rooms 206-207 Marquam Bldg.
Phone Main 1026
As one, inspects :
the smart and varied
styles in Men's Spring
Headwear now ex
hibited in our
greater hat
dept. , '
Open Evenings
Sale