THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, TUESDAY EVENING," JANUARY 28,, 1909.
WHERE SUGAR
IS RULER
OF All
Cuba's Canefields and Their
. Product" Aro Her Great
V Facts Sugar Eules Coin
' merce and Politics The
Matchbox Factor.
Ther will bs flht in Cub
am day btwen the Tanks
and th Cuban; between modern
Is m and ancient? ; between the
Saxon and the Latin; between
sordid cleanliness, thrift ' and
publio honesty on the one Bide
and haloed filth, oraerlneea and
publio plunder on the other.
Which cause will be found chok
ing; the life out Of the other at
the end of the struggle? Well,
which party haa always been
found to be the chokee in any
strangling match, down to -date,
whenever the .Anglo-Saxon was
officiating as choker? Frederic
J. Haekin in his next letter to
The Journal will set in array the
irreconcilable variances of the
American way of doing things
and the Cuban way of not doing
them. He goes no farther than
to define the issue, but the
reader may carry the matter
forward to that "sad but glorious
day" that Cuba most Indubitably
has coming.
By FREDERIC J. HASKIN.
fCocvrltrht 1909 bv Frederic J. Haskln.)
Havana. Jan. 26. The biggest thing
in Cuba is the sugar industry. Sugar
makes two thirds of the total exports
of the island and is the controlling
factor in the commerce of the republic.
Sugar gains more by political peace
and suffers more from war than any
other thing. Sugar not only controls
commerce, DUt it is supreme in politics
and dominant in society.
The last sugar crop, with the by-
nM4iiit4, rvi il .ana .n,t ... m ia.
COUGHING BURST
( BLOOD VESSEL
ay Sanger Avoided ana. Oars Coughs
in rive Hours.
A writer for the medical press states
tnat cougning is reaponsioie xor mo
bursting of blood vessels quite fre-
?uentJy. A cough or cold means in
lammatlon (fever) and congestion and
these in turn indicate that the body is
full of poisons and waste matter. Simple
relief, as found in patent cough medi
cines, and whiskey, often result in more
harm than good: as they cause more con
gestion, a tonio laxative cough syrup
will work marvels and here follows a
prescription which is becoming famous
for its prompt relief and thorough
cures. It rids the system of tire cause,
exoept it be consumption. Don't wait
for consumption to grasp its victim,
but begin this treatment -which cures
some in five hours. Mix in a bottle,
one half ounce fluid wild cherry bark,
one ounce compound essence cardlol
and three ounces syrup white pine
compound. Take 20 drops every naif
hour for four hours. Then one half
to one tee spoonful three or four times
a day. Give children less according to
age.
worth more than $75,000,000. Practic
ally all of it was exported to the Uni
ted States. Since the Cuban reciproci
ty treaty ha been in - effect, giving
Cuban sugar the benefit of a reduction
of 20 per cent on Import duties into
the United States, more than 9 per
cent of the Cuban crop has gone to
America.' American capital controls
many of the largest plantations and the
holdings are being extended from year
to year. ......... v . - ,
For three centuries Cuba has been
one of the leading sugar producing
countries of the world. The increase
in the consumption of sugar in the last
century is one of the most striking evi
dences of the extension of the use of
luxuries to the masses of the people.
The iacreased demand has caused a
wonderful expansion of sugar producing
territory v and Improved methods - of
agriculture have multiplied the yield of
every acre. Great as the increase has
been, and despite the fact that sugar
has become an absolute necessity to
almost every civilised human being, the
business of making sugar has not ma
terially changed. It is now, as it al
ways has been, a business requiring
large capital, for it must be worked on
a large scale. 1 The small can e farmer
may exe out an exisieuo, u, us
never be prosperous. The greater the
acreage, the bigger the mill, the larger
tne numoer or employes, wiw owor n
is for the profits and the better it is
for the consumer. " , .
Almost 850,000 acres of Cuban land
are devoted to the cultivation of sugar
cane. Yet there are only 18 planta
tion In the island. Their average
acreage is' about 4600, although some
are much smaller and some run up into
tens of thousands. But from the tiniest
of all, the Ingenio Qutjano at Marlanao,
at the city gates of Havana, to the
great Central Chaparra tn the Orients,
each sugar plantation is the center ut
affairs of Its particular section.
The plantation is called a "central"
(pronounced almost as in English ex
cept that the accent Is on the last syl
lable or an "lngeulo" which is akin to
the English word "engine and refers
more directly to the mUL The "cen
tral" Is, in very fact, the center of all
activity of Its neighborhood. The Cu
ban peasants, gualiros, look to the "cen-
coolies regard it as the fountain of all
authority, tne mayorais., or overseer,
acknowledge its supremacy and the so
cial life oi tne community is gumeu
by Its edicts. ,
Boring' the Busy Season.
T, mutar nlnntntlnns have nrtvate
steam railway systems running through
their lands to convey me cane io m
iinr mill, but In manv Instances the
bull teams and the two wheeled car
retas are depended upon for transpor
tation. The overseers, wearing the
wide sombrero and the gay colors of
authority, ride over the fields, direct
ing th work of the men much in the
same fashion as before the emancipa
tion. . .
The grinding season oegins in De
cember and continues until May or
June. This is the period of greatest
activity in Cuba. The people are busy
ana noooay expects any iruuuw. in
ter the sugar crop is disposed of, then
the wise ones look out for trouble. In
the sugar cane fields the Cuban farm
laborer becomes skilled In the use of
the machete, a skill which he has more
than once turned to dreadful account
in war. The machete Is a great, pow
erful knife, which looks like a cross
between a big carving knife and a
butcher's cleaver. There is a trick in
Its use which is acquired only with
long practice in the cane fields. With
the first few strokes the machete
takes away the tops and leaves the
naked stalk of the cane. One power
ful blow fells that, and the sugar laden
cane Is ready to be piled on a drag,
to be pulled away to the railway, to be
lifted on a car by a steam derrick al
wava rtahrl to th tramway engine,
and then to be carried to the crushers
at the mill. ,
Negroes are in a vasi majority . in
it., na flolrts. Nnrroea are In tne
majority in the population of the whole
Island, and by their economic pressure
they actually control no nugar uuo;
ness. They ao not snare in tne prui
its of an extraordinarily successful year,
perhaps, but it is within their power at
any time to turn tne season with, miu
Hiu.t Tn f hA lmit election the race
question was the one vital issue. The
negroes Deiieve iney nave wu ia vic
tory. If, under the new republic, the
neero voters shall be disappointed, tha
uitr Planters of Cuba may well be
prepared for trouble.
In the mills the laborers are negroes,
Rnaniarda. Chinese coolies and highly
paid American mechanics and engineers.
Young college men from the states
watch the manuiaciure ana appiy a
knowledge of practical chemistry to
every process, forcing science to pay
its tribute to energy in coin of the
realm. The machinery or the larger
plantation mills is new and up to data
Everything that American money can
buy and Yankee Ingenuity can devise
haii been added to the Cuban sugar mill
equipment since the beginning of the
American inausiruu invaniuu m o.
Vet with all these thin its. the system of
conducting a sugar central has not been
BIDS Oil HIGH
SCHOOL OPENED
Tenders Come Well-Under
Estimate Fixed by the
s Board's Architects.
As soon as contracts can be signed
with the cucoessful bidder the new Al
bina high school will begin to rise from
its foundations at Klrby and Commer
cial streets. Bids for it construction
were submitted by a large number of
contractors at the session of the school
board yesterday and by a unanimous
vote 'the board decided to accept the
lowest bids for different parts of the
wort Tnese were not taDuiatea at the
meeting, but when the various Items are
added the cost will have been reduced
$20,000 or $30,000 below the estimate
made . by the architects ' under the
changed plans and specifications. This
estimate was about $260,000.
The bids which were opened yesterday
were me eecona set to be received by
the board. The original plans and speci
fications required ' a building which
would have been fireproof and modern
in every respect and would have cost
in the neighborhood of $500,000. By
substituting mill construction far fire
proof and' otherwise trimming tha first
plans the cost has been decreased to a
sum. which the school board feels that
taxpayers win be, willing to pay. ,
The board voted to make tne increase
in teachers' salaries begin from the
month of December and accordingly
the clerk was instructed to include the
additional amounts that should have
been paid last month. In the next
month's pay envelopes,
VAUDEVILLE MAGNATE
BECK IN PORTLAND
Martin Beck, head of the Orpheum clr
cult and one of the leaders in the Ameji.
can theatrical trust, and Mark A.
Leuscher, general press representative
of the Orpheum, are in Portland on a
tour of the various Pacific coast cities.
Mr., Beck has a plan for placing Or-
?heum or at least some vaudeville tbea
res in every city in America over 60,
000 people, and he is stopping every-
wnere to learn now ine situation tneat
rically lies. He haa recently acquired
tne rirsi meat re to snow American vau
deville in Eurooe a new house in Her.
lin and will therefore show European
vaudeville In America, and American
vauaevnie in Europe.
NO FREE AUTOS
FOR PRESIDENTS
rnnltid Ptcw Liud Win.)
Washington. Jan. 26. The house has
passed the urgent deficiency hill
minus the item allowing $12,000 for the
purchase and maintenance of auto
mobiles for the president. It was
stricken out by the senate.
FROM NEW YORK WORLD. JUNE 17. '08.1
WAS DOWN AND OUT AFTER
FOUR YEARS' STRUGGLE
ID. A. Castle Gave Up Business Because
Dyspepsia Was Too Much For Him.
L. T. Cooper's preparation, which is
at present enjoying a tremendous Bale
In New York, was strongly endorsed by
E. A. Castle, of $00 West Seventeenth
street, Tuesday.
Cooper, who claims that most ill
health is caused by stomach trouble. Is
meeting the public and explaining his
medicine at present in New York. Mr.
Castle called at the Cooper headquarters
about 3 o'clock and said:
"This New Discovery is all and more
than Cooper claims. I say this after a
remarkable experience with this prep
aration. I had heard of Cooper's success
tn Boston, and therefore when I began
to hear of him In New' York I came to
see him some time ago. I had little faith
in any medicine, but after four years
of constant suffering, during which
time I consulted the very best special
ists, waa operatea upon twice ana re
ceived no benefit whatever, I made up
my mind te try this treatment.
"I started taking Cooper s New Dis
covery seven weeks ago. At that time
I was in such poor health that I had
given up business. I began to improve
after the first week, slowly at first, and
later very rapidly. For the past three
weeks I have had no sign of stomach
trouble. I can eat anything with no bad
effecdp whatsoever. I have a fine ap-
Fetlte and am gaining flesh. I am cheer
ul, full of energy and am no longer
nervous. My bowels are In perfect con
dition for the first time in years. I am
now bark at my business again and
feel as though I had been made over.
"When I realize that a few weeks ago
I was a miserable, nervous dyspeptic,
barely subsisting on liquid food and
feeling tired, gloomy and depressed at
all times, my relief and thankfulness is
beyond expression, and I consider my
self In duty bound to make this statement-Cooper's
New Discovery has made a
wonderful record in New York and other
cities. It is now on sale at leading
druggists everywhere. We will furnish
full information about this remarkable
preparation upon request. The Cooper
Medicine Co., Dayton, Ohio.
PURITY
"The paint that wears." FULL MEASURE
" Guaranteed to give satisfaction."
66
99
lay .State Paiii
"Manufactured on the Pacific Coast"
C OA ,...!
per gallon on ireigni. ;
"Ask your dealer for color cards and prices."
"If he can't supply you, write us."
nsiiER, thOrsen & co.
Paint Manufacturers and Jobbers, Portland, Oregon.
changed in the slightest degree. The
Ideas ef the Deoola have not been
changed. Cubans declare that when all
else In tha Island has been thoroughly
Anglo-Saxon Ized, and when all else that
la peculiarly Latin has perished, the
sugar oentral still will be Cuban In
every essential.
Improved Yankee Methods.
Yet American methods have extended
the acreage devoted to sua-ar cana and
nave increased tne output or the mum.
The statistics show a steady Increase
ever since the Americans came to the
Island, an increase which was not af
fected even by the revolution of 1908,
which caused the United States to re
sume -rovlsional government in the re-
puDiic.
Almost all the - lands of Cuba are
adapted to the growing of sugar cane.
The Cuban land is so fertile that it will
grow sugar cane of fair quality for 20
years from one planting and without
any fertilization. The improved meth
ods of farming do not permit such long
growths, but it is still quite possible.
Frequent replantlngs that Is, frequent
for Cuba with the use of fertiliser and
with green nitrogenous crops to be
plowed under, greatly enhance the value
of an acre. The experiment station
work, done under the general super
vision of the American derjartment of
agriculture, has done much to improve
tne methods or cane growing in Cuba.
The Menace of the Match Box.
The acreage now devoted to sugar
cane is twice as great as it was when
Spain left the island on the first of
January, 1899. Millions of dollars have
been invested In these 10 years, and
there are other millions waiting only to
see the result of the second experiment
of the republic of Cuba in self-govern
ment. The promise that Philippine
sugar is to come into tne states free
or duty, and the general uncertainty
about the American tariff, are having a
restraining effect. But the sugar men
believe the tariff changes will be ad
justed by the constantly increased de
mand. The grave question for them is,
win t;uoa nave peace?
An English planter In Havana, de
claring that the Cuban rcnubllc could
not long exist, nem up a nox or matches
to point his moral and adorn his talc.
so long as we can buy matches, and
so long as we can hire enough niggers
ror 10 pesos to burn neids and suaar
mills, so long will we have the power
oi revolution in our nanas.
It may have been bluster, but It con
tained more than a grain of truth.
wnen tne sucar arindlna season is over
the sugar planters can turn their erst
while laborers Into a patriotic army of
revolution over night.
Cuba's Coat of Arms.
If the republic of Cuba does live and
prosper, and after it has proved its vi
tality by some SO years of uninterrupted
peace, it ought to adopt as Its heraldic
device a representation of a sugar bowl
rampant and a box of matches couchant.
A box of matches Is the most expensive
thing in the island. The American
wooden match is rare, and the little wax
vestas cost 6 cents .a box. This is due
to the internal revenue tax. The gray
green stamp on the box declares that
this tax Is Imposed for the especial
purpose of paying off the $35,000,000
loan. That loan was floated to get
money to pay the revolutionists. The
chief strength of the revolution was
in the torch. Cuban independence be
gan in a box of matches, it is paying
for It by taxing matches, and it will
endure only if it can conquer the men
ace or a cox or maiciica.
"Dp With the Sugar BowL"
Its only hope of being able to make
that conquest lies In the sugar bowl.
If the new government can contrive to
encourage the sugar Industry without
discouraging the sugar field laborers.
there will be plain sailing ahead for
the republic of Cuba. That is a prob
lem which will require great wisdom
and skill, but It may be solved. Sugar
Is' Cuba's greatest asset. Without it
the island would be all but. worthless.
leaving aside, the small western terri
tory devoted to tobtfrco. As a sugar
producer Cuba has a claim upon civili
zation, for the civilized world cannot
live without sweets. Not very long ago
sugar was looked upon as a very harm
ful thing. A Barbadoes planter pub
lished an essay in defense of his crop,
some 200 years ago, in which he de
fined sugar as "the most pleasant and
useful - vegetable to mankind."' The
health and happiness of the brawny
Cuban field laborer, who lives and has
his being by virtue of the honey laden
cane, and who eats sugar In every form
every day, goes far to .substantiate the
dictum of the learned Dr. Butler, who
was the most eminent physician In Lon
don In Shakespeare's day. Dr. Butler
said:
"That which preserves 'apples . and
plums.
Will also preserve TlVer and lungs."
Cuba looks to sugar for the preserva
tion of Its national life-and Industrial
A PLAIN. TALK WlJIi; THE POLICY-HOLD LRS
OF THE
New-York Life Insurance Go.
' 346 Broadway, New York.
SIXTY-FOURTH ANNUAL ROORT
To the Policy-holders:
The work of vour Company during 1908 and its condi
tion at the close of that year deserve more than ordinary con
sideration and study. , Your interest in the brief tabular ex
hibits attached is two-fold. You have the responsibility and
the anxiety of policy-holders; you have also a wider interest.
Commerce is more than business; it is the great civilizer.
Life insurance is more than mutual protection; it is a great
social force. Let us, for a moment, consider that aspect of
these figures.
If a considerable portion of the wealth created yearly
by-society could be gathered on a pro rata basis, invested
so as to earn a reasonable rate of interest, and then under
an exact and scientific program be turned into cash instantly
at any point and applied to the relief of human distress, a
long step would be taken toward the social betterment of
men. There would be neither charity nor confiscation in such
a plan. It would not eliminate ambition or initiative ; but it
would greatly reduce poverty, ignorance, and their familiar
fruits.
But society is not organized in that way. In the strug
gle for existence the weak are brutally driven to the wall.
Property itself is not always money, and money saved is fre
quently worth less than its full value, because,, it is not well
placed or is not quickly available.
There is, nevertheless, a large section of society more
wisely organized than society as a whole, a gild of men
and women whose weak ones are not ;trampled on, whose
property at the time of greatest need is always available and
is always money. This is life insurance.
Life insurance is what society would be and it does what
society would do if society were organized as suggested above.
If society, instead of life insurance, accomplished these re
sults, we might begin to hope for a speedy realization of some
of our social ideals. But conditions and results achieved are
no less real and no less valuable socially, because they belong
to what we call business. Life insurance achieves such re
sults daily, with certainty, with justice and with large bene
fits to society.
As a policy-holder in the New-York Life Insurance Com
pany, you were a part of such a plan in 1908, and indirectly
you were busy producing just such results every month in
that year.
WHAT YOU DID IN 1908.
Consider for a moment this Company and by this Com
pany, I mean, primarily, its membership as it was at the
beginning of 1908, and consider what it has accomplished
within twelve months. One year ago the Company consisted
of people insured under about 980,000 policies, citizens of
every considerable country. They were under definite con
tracts with each other which called for scientific co-operation
and mutual protection. They had paid such sums into a com
mon fund that all their matured obligations had then been
met, and, on January 1st, 1908, against an ultimate average
obligation of about $2,000 per policy, there was accumulated
about $525. The membership was under definite contracts
duly to provide the difference between the sums accumulated
and the sums ultimately due.
What happened during 1908? You directly reached and
relieved the beneficiaries under 9,000 policies when their
chief resource had been taken away by death; your relief
went into the 46 states and 6 territories of the United States,
and into 44 other countries. The total of this relief, as ex
pressed in money, was $2 "1,290.77. But that is only a part
of the story.- You stm these families, not property, but
money; you reached them immediately and just when
need was greatest. In doing that you really did more. You
did what no other organized body of men could do, except
those similarly organized. You paid to these beneficiaries a
partial equivalent for the property value of lives cut off prema
turely. Most insuring persons are young. They have strength
of body, a reasonable mental equipment and an average train
ing. When they assume the obligations of home and children
they, in effect, make a contract with society, but the burden
of that contract for a time is on society. They are themselves
their chief asset. But the bank will loan no money on that
asset when life is extinct, and very little when life is at its
full. If that asset fails, these men default to society, and so
ciety has no remedy except the orphanage and the reforma
tory. A large portion of the death-claims of 1908 represented
the salvage of the one really valuable asset which these fami
lies had, a resource which, by all the ordinary rules of busi
ness, was totally lost. These payments prevented social de
faults and to that extent made the orphanage and the reforma
tory unnecessary.
It is worth while for you, as policy-holders, to know some
thing of the other things which you accomplished in the vear
1998. You paid in all to your own membership, $49,191,258.40.
This total includes death-claims, annuities, dividends, matur
ing endowments, maturing deferred dividend policies and sur
render value for contracts sold to the Company. You loaned
to your own membership, on the security of their own policies,
$28,000,000. For your own protection, you increased the gen
eral funds of the Company (book values) by about $42,000,000.
This increased the security behind each average ultimate pol
icy obligation by about $46. . X:,: ; v :
All this represents mutual help of the first order. Com
pare it with your other investments and your other activities
in 1908. Did you do any better work during the year? Was
it not worth while? Would you not like to see more of it
done by your company in 1909? Would not an almost un
limited amount of such work carefully and effectively done be
a public benefit?
HOW YOUR WORK IS LIMITED.
But here a curious condition confronts you. In the extent '
of your work, and in that alone, you are not advancing. For
example; in 1908, you issued about 63,000 new policies, and
from various causes you lost 69,000. It is a startling fact,
that if you had taken into your ranks in 1908 enough new
members to make good the number that dropped out, making
no growth whatever, you or your representatives would have
violated the criminal law of New York State. Notwithstand
ing the high character of all you did in 1908, notwithstanding
your willingness and ability to do more of it, the laws of New
York State are such that your Company near the close of the
year had to slow down the busy wheels or. risk committing a
misdemeanor.
This particular law Section 96 of the Insurance Laws
of New York has been in full force" for two years. It places
an arbitrary limitation on the legitimate activities of life in
surance men. Its direct effect on your Company has been
the reduction of a plant capable of insuring 150,000 people a
year to a plant insuring less than 65,000 people a year. It
has reduced our outstanding business about $68,000,000 and
reduced the number of families protected by our gild by about
20,000. ' ,
Aside from all questions of its constitutionality and the
repugnance with which every healthy-minded American views
such legislation, the law is a curious one for New York State
to enact. New York is the "Empire" State and boasts of it.
It has a city which, with reason, aspires to the commercial and'
financial supremacy of the world. The story of the city and
the State is filled with the names of great men and is the rec
ord of great achievements. The State and the city are what
they are, not alone because of their location, but chiefly be
cause the men of the State and of the city have strongly uti
lized great opportunities.
It was strange logic which impelled the Legislature of
such a. State to conclude that admitted evils in a great business :
could be cured by limiting its volume. The Legislature of the
State has never before applied this doctrine to any business,
and in my judgment the people do not approve such legisla- :
tion.
THE PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE
I call your attention to 'the general facts contained in the
Balance Sheet and statement of Income and Disbursements
attached hereto. I think you will there read the answer to
the query that uninformed people so often make, "Why do life
insurance companies need such great accumulations of
money?"
Out ultimate obligations at their face value approach two
thousand million dollars; our assets for all purposes (market
values) are about five hundred and fifty-seven millions. Every
dollar of those assets is absolutely necessary under a clearly
defined program in order to liquidate our liabilities, both actual
and contingent. Our assets are large because our liabilities
are large. Our liabilities are large because we are doing a
large work of the kind I have described.
You understand, of course, that the time has passed when
life insurance companies will attempt to defeat or repeal leg
islation by any indirection or by any process which will not
meet the approval of the most scrupulous mind. Bad legisla
tion you can readily defeat, unfair taxation you can easily
abate. You can do this by the creation of public opinion and
by direct appeal to the men who represent you in legislation.
Legislation follows what it believes public opinion to be.
You are numerous enough to influence public opinion materially.-
To do this you must have that reliable information
which will convince your judgment, and such information we
propose to make easily accessible. You can have it for the
asking. We hope to place it before. you during the coming
year in a scries of "Plain Talks to Policy-holders" through the
public prints. If we convince you, then act as you would oft
any kindred question which involves both your personal in
terest and the public well-being.
In any case, study the figures attached. Study them as
you would the balance sheet of your own business. Commend
jr criticise them if they deserve either. But, above" all, observe
what a far-reaching, equitable and enduring program of self
help you are a part of in the daily work of the New-York Life.
New York, Jan. 14, 1909.
President.
Balance Sheet January 1, 1909.
ASSETS.
1. Real Estate $ 12,645,993.97
2. Loans on Mortgages 58,706,413.38
3. 5 Loans on Policies 87,316,641.44
4. Loans on Collateral 500,000.00
5. Bonds (market vals. Dec. 31, 1908) 375,516,651.02
6. Cash 9,124.131.44
7. Renewal Premiums 7,413,992.69
8. Interest and Rents due and accrued 6,062,846.84
Total
..$557,286,670.76
LIABILITIES
1. Policy Reserve ...... i . ,
2. Other Policy Liabilities
3. Premiums and -Interest prepaid ......
4. Commissions, Salaries, etc ... ..
5. Dividends payable in 1909
6. Additional Reserve on Policies
7. Reserve for deferred Dividends
8. Reserves for other purposes
$459,209,411.00
6,357,583.57
2,763,13a84
1,011,983.34
7,602,905.18
3,129,402.00
67,181.561.00
10,030,693.85
Total ...
,. $557,286,670.76
INCOME, 1908.
Premiums :
On New Policies .$ 5,424,856.33
On Renewed Policies 72,069.813.64
Annuities, etc 964,255.31 $ 78,458,825.30
Interest and Rents
' Other Income
23,352,186.86
624,882.13
DISBURSEMENTS, 1908.
Payments to Policy-holders: , ' r
Death Losses . . . . , ..... .".$22,13190.77
To Living Policy-holders:, 27,059,867.63 $ 49,191,253.40
Paid to Beneficiaries under instalment contracts 154,801.80
Paid to Agents and Medical Examiners.. 4,320,37.72
Taxes, Licenses and Insurance Depts. Fees.... 852,S?.3.23
uuier uisDursements, including Real Estate
Expenses and Taxes .................... 5.543.J
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,For Reserves to meet Policy Obligations. . .', . 42,2 3.0 I
Total .$102,435,994.29
Total . . .
.$1C
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