THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY EVENING. DECEMBER 18, 1908.
HOW 10 RAISE
ALL THOSE
BILLIONS
, i t j ,
'. Ways and Means Committee
Storm Center of Congress
Heavily Burdened : and
the Burden Is .Growing
Early Days Compared.
bt Frederic j. haskin.
(Copyright 1908, by Frederlo J. Haakla)
: Washington. Dec. 16. Upon the way
and means committee of the house of
representatives has fallen a new burden.
No other nation In Christendom spends
, so much money as the United States,
and to this committee falls tha task of
devising ways and means for raising
, that money. The constitution provides
that all revenue legislation muBt orig
inate In the house or repremiiauvc
and the rules of the house in turn say
that It must originate in the ways and
means committee. Just now that com
mittee finds It difficult to carry its
new burden between the Seylla and
' Charybdls of the opinion of the people
and the need of the government. On
the one hand aro the people who want
lower tariffs and on the other stands
the faob that there never was a time
when it was up to a tariff law to raise
; so much money as rigm now. iiirj" 7
hiv tn Inwor anmel of the schedules.
but at the same time the aggregate
collections will have to be greater tnan
ever, if the government Is to pay Its
way as it goes.
ThA atam ire. individual noes not real
Ize how rapidly the expenditures of the
United States government have in
creased. It now costs more each year to
maintain the national estaDiisnmein
than was required for the first 60 years
of the last century. During those 60
years the nation fought two wars, one
with England and one with Mexico,
nnrt via ih vlrtnr In each: its territory
Increased from 837.000 square miles to
3,026,000 square miles. The exact fig
ures for the cost of maintaining the
nation from the signing of the declara
tion of Independence, to the beginning
of the last centurv are not at hand, but
It was less thnn $4,000,000,000. Accept
ing that amount as representing the ex
penditures during the first 24 years of
the national existence, and adding there
to the known expenses up to 1878, It
. Is found that during the first 102 years
of the nation's life It spent less than
tl 1,000 000.000. During the past 30
vears it has raised and spent nearly
$13,000,000,000.
Tax Problem Greatest of AIL
During the first 12 years of national
existence we supported four wars. Twjce
England bit tho dust, once Mexico was
' defeated, and one of the greatest civil
wars of ancient or modern times was
fought. The purchase of Alaska was
made, and the national domain was
therefore four and a half times as
large as It was when Jefferson became
the first great territorial expansionist.
Yet In the past 30 years the nation
; has spent more.; bVi rone sixth, than it
required to accomplish all these -wonder-
ful achievements. This greatly in
creased cost of maintaining the govern
ment cannot be laid at the door of the
wonderful expansion of the postofflce
department, since nothing but the defi
cit in Its operations Is included in these
figures. At the present rate- of expen
diture the -people will in the next 10
vears have to part with as much money
for the maintenance of the national
rovernment taking no account of state
end local governments as their ances
tors had to pav during a whole cen
tury beginning with the foundation of
the government. Little Indeed is the
wonder that congress Is put to in its
effort to find a system of taxation that
will be silent In Its operation.
Mora Money, and reel It X..
The constitution leaves but two prin
cipal wavs open for securing govern
mental funds the levying of import
or tariff duties, and the collection of
l.iternal revenue taes. Out of these
two pieces of revenue, timiier the ways
urd means committee most erect Its
.".000,000.000 a vear fund providing cdl
fic As It approaches the task this
vear peculiar difficulties beset It. The
prohibition crHze has served to lessen!
Internal revenue receipts nnd a tariff
tnr.Kt lie de.licd which will raise more
f.;nds than ever, nnd yet allow the
people to feci it less. It Is the hope
of the dominant pajfly that they may!
frame a law wmcn win sianu wr ui
lenst 10 years. If they succeed In do
Ing so. It will have to call forth from
,tho pockets tf the peoplo some $4,000.
000 000. With that fact In mind one can
begin to appreciate the immensity of the
work In hand.
Storm Bag Around Committee.
The ways and rr.eana committee is un
like the appropriations. Political lines
are more tightly drawn here than in
any other house committee, except rules.
There has long been a hope that the
tariff question might be made a non-
fiartlsan question like the matter of
nternal revenue, but as long as men
differ about the theory of protection,
that Is too much to hope for. So po
litical warfare Is as ever present In
ways and means as it is ever absent
in appropriations. The political tides
of the nation have surged around this
committee during the past years, and
by Its actions more presidents have
been made and unmaoe than by any
other one agency. Two of ita post
bellum chairmen have become presi
dents of the United States.
The political history of the country
might be read by scanning the lists of
the committees of the house. One may
' look at the list of chairmen of the
ways and means committee and read
therefrom whether the Philistine of
free trade or the Israelite of protection
had sway In the American Canaan. He
can tell by looking at the list of chair
men of -coinage, weights and measures
whether free silver or "sound money Is
the prevailing sentiment of a given
period. Likewise., he may read aright
the paramount Issues of the various'
congresses by "Studying tho committee
lists of the house- During the civil
war he will see a military affairs com
mittee framed up with the strongest
men in the house; immediately after
that period, ways and means gets its
ablest men, and the issue changes from
the waging of war to the paying of the
resultant debt.
Sow Committee Strength Shifts.
Perhaps the most striking Illustration
of this Is the personnel of the insular
affairs committee in 1899. Looking at
the lineup on the majority side one
sees Cooper of Wisconsin as its chair
man. The next In line is the present
' 1 speaker, Mr. Cannon. After him comes
R. R. Hitt, chairman of foreign rela
tions; then Payne, chairman of ways
and means today; then Hepburn, chair
man of interstate and foreign com
merce; then Loud, chairman of postof
flces and postroads at that time; then
Tawney. present chairman of appropri
ations; Babcock, former chairman of the
Republican congressional committee;
Moody, at present a justice of the su
preme court, and Crumpacker, also a.
Dramlnmt member of the house. At
the close of the Spanish-American war
the question of what should be done
with the. Philippines became the paramount-
issue, and the Republicans
. massed all of their - heaviest artillery
In this committee. There never baa
neen a committee oi i congress so re
. markable for strength of . membership
si that on insular affairs at that time.
Today it is an all but insignificant com-1
f mittee. . -..-
Some one hns eallod the comtiiittees
of conm-da. 'Ilttlo lcglslatnrea," In
Is reversed ty congress. Often reports
are allowed to pas unacted upon, but
those which are acted upon usually go
through substantially In the same shape
that ' they come from the committees.
In the house there are over 60 commit
tees, and more than that In the senate,
yet about 13 , in each body do 88 per
cent of the work which is referred to
committees. - In - the beginning; there
were but very few committees, and the
rule was to give each state represen
tation on each one. But a the number
of states grew this plan of representa
tion could no longer be maintained, and
different policy had to be pursued.
' When congress started out It had but
a few committee and fewer rules. The
rule of the house were made in four
day, buti by - 187S the accretion that
were born, of political exigencies had
brought the rule up to a cumbersome
volume of 16$ rules, each Of which had
lta subdivision. At ' this - juncture, a
committee consisting of eminent par
Uamentarians Randall, . Blackburn.
Stephens, Garfield and Frye adopted a
code of rules Whose purpose was "to
secure accuracy in business, economy of
time, order, unirormlty and impartial
ity.') These' rules remained in force
until the Reed rule took their place.
, Orography Cat Wo Hear.
deorranhieal considerations seldom en
ter into the makeup of committee' to
any extent. In a recent congress , the
68 most populous cities of the United
State had out one member of the com
mittee on . rivers and harbors, and but
two members on the committee on bank
ing and currency. The temptation to
take care of one's constituents at homo
Is such a strong one that few member
or the house or senate can resist it, and
the speaker I usually carerul not to ap
tiolnt one man to any two of theae com.
mlttees. s 'The only man who in recent
year has held membership on the two
fxeat "pork dispensing" committees at
he same time river and harbors, and
public buildings and grounds was Rep
resentative Bankhead of Alabama, That
he took care of his district- better than
almost any other man In congress needs
not be said.. But even In the face of
this, Hobson, the hero of the Merrimac,
with no other issue than a greater navy
and the district so far inland that a
naval shell could never reach It de
feated him at the primary.
A everyone in Washington know, a
man opportunities for usefulness in
crease) in congress with length of ser
vice. Count the 10 most influential
men in the senate, and the 10 most in
fluential men in the house, and almost
without exception they are the men who
have been there longest. The commit
tees of congress are like bread lines. If
a fellow has not the patience to start at
the tall end of the line and stay there
until all those ahead of him get their
hare, ha will go hungry. If a state
or district has not the patience to wait
until those ahead leave congress, that
state or district will never get the chair
manship of an Important committee.
MINER TAr? SHAFT
FILLED WITH WATER
Orovllle, Cal., Dec. 16. R. McEwen,
one of the owners of the Bumblebee
mine, six miles from this city, while
working at the inner end of a 600 foot
tunnel last 8unday. drove his pick into
an abandoned shaft filled with water,
which gushed out Into his face washed
him and his tools entirely out of the
mine.
McEwen realized that he was working
near the old shaft and he was half ex-
fectlng water, but not In any such quan
ity as greeted him. When the under
ground flood brust "n blm he was
powerless to save himself and was car
ried out to daylight by the turbulent
etream.y- When he was picked up he was
Benseless and did not recover conscious
ness until the following aay.
ARTHUR HARTMANN
CONCERT TOMORROW
Tomorrow evening at the Heillg the
atre. Arthur Hartmann, the brilliant vlo
linlHt. will a-lve a rare program, assist
ed by Alfred Calzln, the pianist. Among
the numbers will oe tne iamous eaini
Ksens concerto, for which Hartmann
has been widely praised. His work Is
always artistic and his Hungarian an
cestry gives to nis tone a lire ana an
impetuosity thai one ooea not orten
find. Among the other fine numbers
selected for the program tomorrow at
the Heilig will be some of the Debussy
Hartmann compositions, played for the
first time In Portland. The concert is
under tne airection or j-iOis steers
Wvnn Coman and seats are now selling
at the Heillg box office.
' My youngest boy, 3 years
old, was sick with fever
last June, and when he got
better the doctor prescribed
Scott's Emulsion, and he
liked it so well that he drank
it out of the bottle, and is
now just as plump and strong
as any child of his age any
where . ..w two bottles fixed
him OK. MR. JOHN F.
TEDDER, Box 263, Teague
Freestone Co., Texas.
SCOTT'S
EilLSION
is the greatest help for babies
and young children there is.
It just fits their need; it just
suits their delicate, sensitive
natures ; they thrive on it. Just
a little " does them so' much
good and saves you so much
worry. You owe it to them
and yourself to make them as
strong and healthy as possible.
Scott's Emulsion . will help
you better than anything else;
but be sure to get Scott's.
It's the best, and there are so
many worthless imitations.
AU DRUGGISTS
Mr, TMd.r Km Jnat wrlttan as another letter abtrnt
hi brothsrln-Uw"! ohlldna. . Let wi mnd too bis
latter aad other tntormtto oa the subjMt. A
Post Oud, mantioslna this popor. It a 81 cleat.
SCOTT BOWNE
40 Pearl Street
New York
WHAT'S
Your Health Worth?
Yon start sickness by mistreating nature,
and it generally shows first in the bowels
nd liver. A ioc box (week's treatment)
of CASCARETS will help nature help
you. v They will do more vsing them
regularly as you need them than any
medicine on Earth. Get a box today;
take) a CASCARET tonight Better in
the morning. It's the result that makes
millions take them. - , gji
CASCARETS ioe a hnx for a rek' '
TICKET SCALPERS J '.':
WILL HAVE TO GO
" (T7a!te4 Proa Laattd W!i.
Now York, Deo. Ticket ca.lper
who for year have pestered pede
trlan in tha vicinity of the Broadway
theatre a welj a patron of the play-
hounfg, learard today that Mayor Mo
Clellan has affixed hi signature to an
ordinance passed by the board of alder,
men which will abolish their privilege
on and after January 1. .
For several year an attempt ha
been made to supprea the scalper and
frequent complaint were made to the
aldermen. It waa not however until
recently, after the theatres had combined
to fight tha peat that measure waa
presented to the board. '-T
A Companion ordinance, providing that
tickets shall not be sold for mora than
fac value was vetoed by the mayor
who had been advised that the measure
was unconstitutional. kTha bill wa
aimed to prevent the sale of theatre
ticket at hotel agencies.
Clothing Co
Site
$2150 and $20.00 Soils and Overcoats
$13.90
$27.50 and $25.00 Suits and Overcoats
$30.00 Military Raincoats
$19.35
$15.00 Suits, Topcoats, Raincoats and
Overcoats $
$9.35
AT HALF PRICE BOYS' OVERCOATS
For boys, ages 14 to 18, will be closed out at 50c
on the dollar
Special Bargains in Holiday Furnishings
TWO SHIRTS in fancy box for $1.69
SUSPENDERS in fancy box, 75c values. .49
FANCY SUSPENDERS in box, $1.00 values .69
NECKWEAR in fancy box, $1.00 value 69
Cor. IVIori-Ison arid Second Streets
The Christmas Grocery Store
D. C. BURNS COMPANY, 208-210 THIRD ST., Bet. Taylor and Salmon
No Christmas table is truly satisfying unless filled with the choicest viands in
the market. D. C. Burns Co. cater to the proudest and most exclusive families.
1000 Fancy
Turkeys
Have contracted for 1000 Fancy Turkeys to be de
livered fresh from the farm to us December 23 and 24
no cold storage stock.
Phone Your Order Now
; .. ' - 1 - "
Some Christmas Specials
Crowe & Blacktrell Plum Puddlnic. 2-lb. cans 75
Crosse & Blackwell Plum Pudding. 3-lb. cans ..01.15
Crosse & Blackwell Plum Pudding. 4-lb. can . .01.40
Franco-American Plum Pudding, 1.1b. can 35
vMv.nA a Plum Pudrilne. individual can 12H
Mrs. Jackson's Plum Pudding. Individual pan 12Hj&
12H
.-10d
Bon Ton Fancy Seeded Raisins, No. 1 cartons
10 No. 1 cartons for.. 81. 10
Tropic Fancy Seedod Raisins No. 2 cartons
8 No. 2 cartons ror ....aac . ,
Fancy Genuine ImportPd Bleached Sultanas. ro. 1
cartons 25
Fancy Sultana Raisins, No. 1 cartons . . ., 12H
Fancy Unbleached Sultana Raisins, bulk, per lb.. 10
Seedless Muscatel Raisins, bulk, per ID 10
4 Crown Loose Muscatel Raisins, per id
3 Crown London Layer Raisins, per lb 16
Per box 20a.
6 Crown Dehesa Cluster Raisins. No. 1 cartons, lb. 20
3 No. 1 cartons for SO
6 Crown Dehesa. Cluster Raisins, No. 2 cartons ..50
Fancy Currants, No. 1 cartons 12 H
10 No. 1 cartons ..01.15
American Glace Citron, per lb 25
Broken Citron, per lb 20
American Glace Lemon Peel, per lb ,....25
American Glace Orange Peel, per lb 25
Sweet Cider, per gallon 40
Boiled Cider, per quart 35
Boiled Cider, per pint 20
Ilelns Mince Meat, 1-lb. can ". ...20
Helm Mince Meat, 2-lb. can 40
Heln Mince Meat, i-b. crock Sl.OO
Bulk Mince Meat, home-made, per lb 15
Black Mission Figs, per lb..". ...IO
California Figs, bulk, per lb loj?
California. Figs. 1-lb. cartons 20
California Figs. 12-o. bricks, 3 for 25
New Orleans Table Molasses, per gal gl OO
New Crleans Molasses, for cooking, per gal 50
3 Lbs. Juno Mocha and Java Coffee for $1.00
Fancy Norway Bloater Mackerel 40
No, 1 Bloater Mackerel 25
Finnan Haddie. fresh 20
: Imported Anchovy. ... - 30
Imported Anchovy, n
Columbia River Salmon Bellies
Columbia River Salmon Tip . ,
Fancy Codfish Middles ........
Pill Pickles,' per gallon ,
Your Patronage Once Secured WHI Follow Us Always
SO
V::::fiJJ
v4U
D. C. B
08-210 Third Street
URNS COMPANY
Bet. Taylor arid Salmon
m
FA Mm
When thoroughly com
pared with the average
new residence addi
tion, shows the
FOLLOWING
POINTS OF
SUPERIORITY
LOCATION
No residence property in the
city of Portland, including the
best of the west side, has the exclusive and desirable
features that recommend PROSPECT PARK, the
cream of Irvington, to the discriminating home
builder. Only y2 miles from retail center and a ten
minute ride. It is unexcelled.
TRANSPORTATION f1'"
Woodlawn ana
Alberta, leaving either Second or Fifth and Wash
ington streets every five and three minutes, all day
long, reach Knott street, where you leave the car, in
ten minutes, without transfer. No such transporta
tion is to be found elsewhere in Portland.
ENVIRONMENT APar o IrvfrS!
record as such, PROS
PECT PARK is admitted to be the most pbpular
residence section of the city. It is surrounded by re
stricted districts. The same character of improve
ments as are now found in PROSPECT PARK will
be continued in adjoining additions when completed.
IMPROVEMFJVTSNo"'''" n
United States. Asphalt
pavements, cement walks, Bull Run water, gas mains
laid, most perfect system of street drainage in the
world, wide parkings and every lot leveled down to
a uniform grade. Over $250,000 have been spent in
making PROSPECT PARK what it is.
RESTRICTIONS ETL nm; ,unl miSsl
cost $2500 at least. Not
more than one home will be allowed on 50 feet. Every
home must be built 25 feet back of the property line..
With these restrictions and an uniform method of
parking, wide streets and fine homes, PROSPECT
PARK cannot even be duplicated in Portland.
FOR INVESTMENT Jhe consexva-
tive busmess men
have stated that PROSPECT PARK will double in
value within two years. It may double before, but
it is practically certain to double in that time. This
will return a man's money twice over in two years, or
50 per cent a year. Nothing to equal this.
PRICES AND TERMS 50
feet may now be
had for $1000 and up. Considering location, trans
portation facilities, the splendid environment, the ex- j
ceptionally high character of the improvements,
ample restrictions arid low price, such property is un
equaled in Portland.
Prospect Park in the Making
Is the title of one of the most unusual pieces of litera
ture ever published by a real estate firm. It describes
the improvements in detail, accompanied by wash
drawings and a sectional drawing of the street, show
ing every detail of the work.
Tak "Woodlawn" or "A" car
at Second or Flflli and Wash
ington streets. Get off at Knott
street and walk one bloclc
EAST to the office.
O
241 Stark St. E. 7th and Knot!
L. MUM FORD
Manager of Ennt flldc CfH
ROHJNIHEE