VOL. VII. NO. 233.
: " i , " ''""I-""" " '" i'"i"miiiP)' i ' ii ' I.-. ii... , . ... it"
HIS
(United Press Leased TCIrO
San Francisco, Cal Dec. 1. Chief
of Police BIggy, who was loat from
the police launch la the bay last
night, was in a state of great pertur
bation as the result of newspaper
attacks upon him and complained
bitterly of being ''hounded to death
by the press" shortly before he dis
appeared, according to the statement
made to the police commission today
by Commissioner Kiel. Chief BIggy
made the trip across the bay to con
fer with Kiel and he was the last
person to talk with him about his
affairs before he disappeared.
Kiel's statement in part follows:
"I was called up on the telephone nt
7:45 o'clock last night and Informed that
srantleman was comlns across the bay
to see me.1 I asked who it waa an the
voice replied: "Never mlna, you Know
who It Is.' ' -
"It was 8:80 o'clock when I saw the
polio launoh arrive and when I went
down to the water's edge, Chief BIggy
stepped out. v.
"He seemed to be greatly perturbed
and worried and at Once began to com
plain of the attacks being made upon
him in the newspapers. He Bald he was
being hounded by the newspapers and
was extremely bitter about It. This
was what seemed to be mainly on his
mind and it wan the flrst thing he spoke
of when he landed.
Trie to Calm Htm.
"I told Mm to pay no attention to
what the public press said about him
and tried to calm Mm. We then talked
about matters pertaining to the police
department and at 10 o'clock he started
back- across the bay.
"The tide was low at the time and I
had to go out In a rowboat to meet the
chief. When I took him back to the
launch I noticed that It was cold and
advised him that he better wrap up on
the trip back. BIggy said to me: "Never
mind about me; you better take care of
yourself.' Those were the last words
he apoke to me." m ,
The statement of Engineer Murphy to
thai enmmiaaion ia considered to support
the theory of suicide. He said:
BiffgT Was Worried.
"Chief BIggy, when he came down to
h dock. Bald that ha had missed Com
missioner Kiel and wanted to go over to
Belvedere at once, tie seemed wornea
Get off ae quietly as you can and
don't blow the whistle unless you have
"When we reached Belvedere Commis
sioner Kell came out in a rowboat and
Chief Biggy-went ashore, whore he re
mained for two hours. He told me to be
sure to wait as he wanted to get back
to the city last night.
- "When he came back aboar he com
plained of being cold. I saw him walk
lag down the deck and the last I saw
of him he was sitting in the cabin.
We were then about off Alcatrax island.
I think. Then I didn't notice anything
until we ran Into the waves of a ferry
boat and I called o him to come and
help me. .
"When he did not answer, I Inves
tigated and found that he was gone."
'Murphy's story f Trip.
Murphy then told how he hurried
ashore and reported the loss of the
chief. , .
Other statements were made by Cap
tain J. ' J. O'Meara,' who testified that
lie saw Biggv yesterday at his office
at 4:30 o'clock, and later at 6 o'clock,
at a restaurant near the Ferry building.
t'SPtaln James Kelly, head of the detec
tive bureau, also saw him at his office
but did not speak to him. James M.
AVood of the 6t. Francis saw htm In the
police automobile shortly before 6
o'clock.
Patrolman R. L. Martlen testified
that he saw the chief at the launch
Just before, the trip to Belvedere. While
waiting for Engineer Murphy, he Bays,
he and Biggy arooked a cigar together
and t,he chief seemed cheerful.
Captain Michael J. Conbov of the
harbor station described the search
which he had made for the chiefs body
after the drowning. -
E. L. BOAK0MAX WILL
BE STATE PRINTER
(ftpsrist riiptch te Toe Journal.)
Tacoma, Wash.. Dec. 1. K. h. Board
man, a newspaper man of Puyallup and
well known throughout Washington, will
he appointed state printer by Governor
Mead.
ID
TROUBLES TO
PRESS
LET US PULL
-"For a community to be recognized as a .manufacturing center is
one of the greatest advantages it could possibly have," said H. E.
Harris of the Harris Ice Machine. Works. "Portland has all the
necessary requirements in the way of location, transportation, both
water and rail, and the raw material for nearly all manufacturing
X purposes.
"It is then up to the people ofVthe state of Oregon to pull to-
gether for the one great cause, namely: the support of their home
X factories. v
'"It seems "hard to assert that in a great many instances the
T local manufacturer is not given the preference by his own people
when purchasing goods, but nevertheless it is .a cold, hard fact that .
they do not do so as much as they should. .
X . "The, eastern manufacturer, owing to railroad" rtes and cheap
labor, has the whole country lor his market and. -competes with the '
Pacific coast as well as the south and east. On the other hand.' the "
X Faciic coast manufacturer has a limited territory in which , he can find.
a market-due to the absence , of rates bnd cheap labor, which. favor;
X the easterner. .Owing to these conditions the local houses must find
X their buyers right herCat home .and iff they do not get the support
of the home consumer .they, cannot exist"; - ' , t , , . '
t
EVIDENCE POINTS TO
1IW
P y ' f
Chief of Police Blggy of San Fran
cisco, who Drowned in San Fran
Cisco Bay Last Night Whether
Accidental or Suicide Is Not Yet
Determined. i
Four Speakers Will Talk to
White Temple 3Ien's Club
Discussion to Follow.
Four prominent1 men will present four
different phases of the controversy
over women In saloons before the Men's
club of the . White Temple tomorrow
evening. After the four, Councllmen
Cellars and Kusnllght, Kev. cs. Muck
ley and P. McKercher has presented
each his side of the case, a general dis
cussion will follow. - I
Councilman Cellars will explain his
ordinance prohibiting women entering
saloons. Mr. Rushlight will tell of his
somllar measure, which was recently
defeated Ja the city council.
Rev. ' 'E. 8. Muckley,- pastor of the
First Christian church, will follow with
an explanation of the proposed amend
ment to t lie .Cellars ordinance, which
will prevent. ' hotels and other places
from selling" liquor to women. This
measure. It Is said, has been proposed
by retail liquor dealers, but will be dlSj
cussed nevertheless.
F. McKercher, a.well'known Prohibi
tionist, will ' ask If liquor Is bad for
women, why is it not also equally bad
for men?
These speakers will be limited to 10
minutes each, and Immediately after
wards a general discussion on this
much-discussed subject will be held in
which any one present may take part.
The meeting will open at 8 o'clock In
the White Temple, and Is for. men only.
RICH MONTANA MINE
SELLS FOR $7,500
(United Pre Leased W1ro.
Butte, Mont, Deo, 1. The Ophlr
mines, famous As. one of the reliable
producers of this district, were sold
yesterday for J7.500 to Walter Talent,
a banker representing Butte creditors
who demanded the satisfaction of
claims aggregating 1140,000. The Ophlr
was the main asset of the Butte Cen
tral and- Boston Copper, a $15,000,000
corporation, embracing Boston and Can
adian financiers.
Better Pay at Navy Yard.
Navy Tard, Puget Sound. Dee. 1.
The clerks and draughtsmen of the
navy . yard are rejoicing over the re
ceipt of the order authorizing a net 10
Fer cent increase In their salaries. The
ncrease ia the result of a recommen
dation of local officials. About J5
members of. the clerical force are af
fected. TOO tint K
DISCUSS WOIil
TIPPLING LAWS
' " " f
PORTLAND, OREGON,
ff. J. BIGGY
Mayor Taylor of San Fran
cisco Had Sent Message to
Chief of Police Relative to
Disruption of the Police
Department.
(United Press Utud Wu..
San Francisco, Uec. 1. Developments
today give Increasing support to the
theory that Chief of Police William J.
Biggy, smarting under bitter criticism
and facing an investigation of his per
sonal and official conduct, ended his
llfn hv throwing himself into the waters
of the bay last night while on the way
from Belvedere to this city in me pouce
'patrol launch. ' ' '. ,'. .;A.t. . :.
Since ' the shooting or Francis j.
Heney and the eubsequent suicide of
Morris Haas, the would be assassin of
Heney. Biggy haa been the target of
criticism. The local papers have pub
lished numerous stories to the effect
that BIggy would resign or be re
moved. The department waa In a state
of unrest for weeks, the headquarters
being a hotbed of plots and counter
plots between Jealous officers. The
police commissioners were to me,et to
night to reconstruct the department.
Sits at Blggy.
The last few davs the local papers
have published stories of a "pudgy
man" who "masqueraded as Chief Big
gy" in the tenderloin and engaged in
thrilling midnight, revels.
These stories told how the "pudgy
man" declared in a loud voice that he
was the chief of police; demanded en
trance to houses and even forced his
Way Into places of extraordinarily 111
remits. One storv told how the "pudgy
man" ordered the Inmates of one house
Into the street saying he decided tney
would have to vacate but on reconsider
ation decided to give them until the
first of the year ana permiwea tnem
to remain. The writers of the articles
made It clear that this "pudgy man"
was su much like the chief that it
was hard to believe that it was not he.
It was noted also that the "pudgy
man" was not arrested or molested by
the police.
With the charges of Incompetency
and increasing allegations against the
chief in the public prints. Mayor Taylor
was led yesteruay to sena a message
to Blggy Informing him that his con
duct would be made the subject of an
official investigation.
Telephoned to Kell. .
When he received this message BIggy
at once telephoned to Commissioner
Kell. who had been his friend and suu
porter on the board. It Is understood
tnat lie uia not gei muni) aiisi,icuun
and decided to visit Kell last night.
It is pointed out that BIggy did not
take the usual escort of two patrolmen
when he started in the police launch,
but said that lie woma go unaccompa
nied, except by Engineer Murphy.
When thev reached Belvedere, a small
summer resort on the north shore of
the bay. Keii came c.own from his resi
dence and talked to the chief at the
water's edge. Murphy did not hear
much of this conversation, and Kell this
morning refused to tell what took place.
It Is fairly .well established, however.
(Continued on Page Five.)
FOES OF GERFiTAfJS
TRJHPIE FUG
Bitter Feeling Against Gov
, ernraent Shown by Rebel
lious Austrian Subjects.
(United Pim Lmms Wrt.
. Vienna (Via Frontier), Dec. 1. The
burning of Emperors William and Frans
Josef In effigy, the trampling of the
Qerman'flag under foot and the cheer
lng of Austria's enemies were some of
today's scenes tn many Austrian cities,
where bitter race feeling has been de
veloping for some . time.
In. many towns -the foes of the Ger
man people are parading the streets,
denouncing the present dynasts and
firomiaing to Join the srmv of Irisurgents
n the event of is clvri war.
Disorders are general throughout the
empire. The situatbm Is particularly
serious- at Prague ; and' -Trieste, where
popular feeling has reached such a pitch
that-rtollfig has been narrowly averted.
The government is rtoittg' everything
possible tq suppress the news of the
crisis and Is rigorously censoring the
dispatches which are leaving thw coun
try through the regular channels.
WAS TO FACE
Mj lilUIRY
TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 1908.-EIGHTEEN .
HILL BROUGHT DETECTIVES
SCAHDAL1
-, f amssseaaaBasaSMHal
Leakage of Investigators'
Secret Session Includes
Gordon's Tlireat to Tell
Corruption Story on Root
and Railway King.
United Prt Ld Wire.)
Spokane, Wash., Dec. 1. The
state bar commission la today ex
amining L. C. Gllman, western gen
eral counsel for the Great Northern,
In the Root-Gordon investigation. J.
J. Lavin, former secretary to Gordon,
was the next witness after Gllman.
The closest secrecy Is maintained. It
ts reported that important clues were
unearthed in ' connection with the
Gordon shortage scandal. Gordon
U said to have threatened to expose
corruption complicating J. J. Hill
and Root If he was prosecuted. The
Gordon shortage is now reported to
have been 1100,000.
It C. Gllman of Seattle', the Great
Northern attorney who took charge of
Judge Gordon's affairs when the latter
resigned, was closeted with the state
bar commission all the forenoon. He
spent much time last evening with the
members of the commission.
J. J. Lavin of Spokane, an attorney
and former secretary, to Judge Gordon
here, went before the commission af
ter Gllman.
Will ot Talk.
Neither of these nor Frank Post and
C. P. Lund, who were examined yes
terday, will say a Word as to nature of
their examination. The Spokane attor
neys are quiet as mice, but at least one
is known to have stated that Post told
him that he (Post) had seen letters
alleged to have passed between Gordon
and Root, and which the Nuzums are
beloved to have possession of.
Post was called to testify on this
point yesterday. - A court official who
refused to allow his name used de
clares that N. E. Nuzum stated to sev
eral persons in his hearing that Judge
Gordon was charged with a 1100,000
shortage by the Great Northern, and
that Gordon Immediately went to St.
Paul and showed the letters he had
implicating Justice Root and James J.
Threatened Suicide.
Gordon told the Great Northern legal
department that If they prosecuted he
would 'make the evidence public and
commit suicide.
The letters are alleged to have shown
that Gordon paid Justlae Root J27.000
in connection -with railroad litigation.
Nusum denies the possession of such
evidence or the making of any state
ment regarding it.
The state bar commission appointed ,
(Continued on Page Five.)
IE
CANNOT BE
ENFORCED
Salem, Or., Dec. 1. Asserting a strict
spplication of the initiative and refers
enaum enactment in all cases where its
framers intended it should be employed,
the supreme court today this time
through an opinion written bv Justice
Eakln declared the vehicle tax ordi
nance of the city of Portland un
enforceable until the referendum, peti
tioned by citizens of Portland, shall
have been declined.
The decree of Judge Gantenbeln was
reversed.
In February of this year an ordinance
was enacted, by Portland's cltv council
which provided a license fee for vehicles,
conveyances and delivery wagons used
in conduct-of certain businesses. With
in 30 days after the passage of the
ordinance a petition, Invoking the refer
endum waa fifed with the auditor of the
city, and this case was brought into the
circuit court of Multnomah countv to
enjoin the ordinance, pending submis
sion of the measure to the vote of the
people.
A demurrer to the complaint was sus
tained by Judge Gantenbeln and the
Court entered a decree dismissing the
suit. The only question involved is that
raised by attorneys for the city of
Portland.
"Some provision is required to give
time and opportunity- to - invoke the
referendum again,' t-ays the decision.
"This was recognlied by the framers
of fha amendment, us It provides there
in that the manner of exercising such
power shall be preserved by a general
law or by the city.
"The Initiative and referendum amend
ment Is superior : to the city charter,
and will (override and nullify t whatever
the charter contains that would defeat
or limit .ithe right of referendum, and
ordinances subject thereto. . It suspends
tne operation or an ordinances for
days thut are liable to be referred."- i
FRMCI
T THE
0
PROOF OF
FINCH KEEPS
TO PLOT
James A. Finch, the slayer of
Ralph B. Fisher, still keeps up the
pretense of not remembering any
thing about killing the young at
torney, professing absolute ignorance
of having been near the Mohawk
building at any time last Saturday
afternoon. Yet Finch's mind seems
perfectly clear as to all that pre
ceded and all that followed the
tragedy.
This morning Finch told in detail of
a conversation he hem witn irann
Grant, another lawyer, a few hours be
fore Fisher was killed; and also de
scribed minutely a conversation over
the telephone with Fisher about 11:30
o'clook.' Finch repeats th conversation
word lor word with Fisner- tnen cam
recall going to Fisher's office and shoot
ing him 'down In cold blood.
The cool effrontery of the man Is
exemplified by his declaration- this
morning that ho regretted circum
stances were such that he was unable
to attend the funeral of the man he
murdered. He asserts that Fisher was
the last man he would have thought of
killing ,and would have the public be
lieve that be held no enmity toward his
victim.
Finch s defense Is to be emotional
insanity, or temporary mental aberra
tion of the mind, but that 12 men can
be found in Multnomah county who can
be nersuaded that Finch dta not Know
what he was doing whsn he shot Fish
er seems highly improbable In view of
all the circumstances.
Ho Conspiracy round.
The theory of a conspiracy to murder
Fisher which was advanced In newspa
per stories seems to have rauen aDso
Uutely flat. It is probable that some
or me outer oisoarrea attorneys. j0ii
themselves aggrieved by Fisher's strict
interpretation of his duty as prosecu
tor of the State Bar association, and it
also seems probable that some of them
besides Finch was concerned in the
sending of the threatening letters and
telephone messages. But there is noth
ing to indicate that there was an plot
for the murder of the attorney.
J. H. Hitching, a lawyer whose name
has been mentioned freely In connection
with these letters and messages, de
nies flatly that he, wrote or sent the
letters - or threatened Fisher over the
telephone.
"I have no typewriter." he said this
morning, "and I never have laid my
linger on one in my life. My type
writing is done by several young men.
one of them a stenographer In the
Oregonian building. And I have no
telephone. The attempt to connect me
with 'the Fisher case is due to tho
hatred and Jealousy of another attorney.
"This man has for years made it a
practice to solicit business In the po
lice co'urt through the officers,, and I
have protested several times against
such unprofessional conduct. He Is
Just taking this opportunity to get
even with me. I think the murder of
Mr. Fisher was a calamity to the com
munity." There Is no telephone. In Hltchlngs' j
office, and no typewriter was visible
this morning.
lfir. Hitching protests.
Hltchlngs protested violently that he
was being made the victim of a conspir
acy on the part of several persons whom
he named, to blacken his reputation,
(Continued on Page Five.)
IMANAJICllIil
Mrs. Ellen Taylor Killed
and Famous Kentucky
Vendetta Reopened.
(Cnitfd Press Uated Wirs
London, Ky.. Dee. 1. The Whltaker-f
tsarnes ieua is reopened today follow -
ing the killing of Will Merritt Barnes,
frO years old. and his stepdaughter. Mrs. !
xjiinii njiui, uiu - Bunosv. Mem
bers of the opposing clarts are heavily
armed and more tragedies are expected.
Barnes was shot by WIH Tyree. and
Mrs. Taylor by a cousin named Barnes
Nearly a dozen men have been killed In
this feud within the past 15 or JO
years, all related by blood or marrlago.
Three years ago two of the WhIUkers
were killed and the Barnes brothers
wers cnargea wicn -tne murder. A ver
ago a son o Will Merritt Barnes killed
a wnuaKer in Pulaski county but was
acquitted.
Sunday morning Tyree and Barnes
went to the home of -Mrs. Ellen Tay
lor, where Harnes. her father, was being
Shaved. When he arose, Tyree shot him
-with a 43-50 Winchester. Mrs. Tsvlor
ran for a shotgun, and 1 Barnes filled
her . breast": with buckshot.. Both, men
escaped. - J?rnc died at 5 o'clock and
Mrs. Taylor a little later.
FEUDISTS MAKE
f
PAGES,
PRICE TWO CENTS.
FIND NO
CON
James A., Finch, Who Shot Ralph
B. Fisher.
ARKANSAS III
TO CUT LEVEE
Flood in Arkansas River
Menaees Pine Bluff -Recession
in Oklahoma.
(United Press leased Wire. 1
Pine Bluff. Ark., Dec. 1. Following
a mass meeting at which it was decided
to defy the United States government,
citizens of this place are preparing to
cut the government levee on the north
side of the Arkansas river.
The river has been caving In here
for weeks and several - warehouses- have
ilready been carried away. Reports
of flood waters up the river, convinced
the
ciuzena mat unless tne levee was
cut the $300,000 courthouse and the
Jefferson hotel, a structure costing
$260,000, would be destroyed. The bank
of the river has already been cut away
to within a few feet of the rear walls
of the threatened buildings.
Guthrie, Okla.. Dec. 1. The floods
which have been raging In this section
are receding today and the rivers are
within their banks in most places. It
Is believed the greatest danger has
passed. The number of known dead is
eight, and the property damage Is
estimated at ft, 000,000.
DADDY JASKULSKI
HELPS KIDD0 OUT
(United Tress tessed Wire.)
Seattle, Wash . Dec. 1. John Jaskul
skl, who a month ago notified the au
ditor's office not to grant a .marriage
license to his 18-year-old son Victor, to
day appeared at the marriage license
window and rescinded nis former order
by procuring a license authorizing; his
son to marry Miss Louise Kollmorgen,
vears old.
"My son tells ma he went to San
Francisco a month ago and wedded Miss
Kollmorgen," said the father. "Under
these circumstances . prefer that thev
be wedded with the consent of the par
ents and we want a license so they may
be married here again."
SP1RACY
0r?G0H REPUBLICANISM SHOULD
NOT BE OREGON SCOUNDRELISM
From the Brooklyn Eagle." X
The state of Oregon enacted that the people should vote
at the polls on the choice of United States senator. At the J.
election last appointed for that purpose in 1907, the order and
preference of the people that George E. Chamberlain, a Demo- X
crat. be chosen such United States senator was recorded tin- X
mistakably. - ' . , " - J
Since then a Republican legislature has been chosen, and,
as Mr. Chamberlain is a Democrat, the suggestion has been' X
made that the Republican legislature should disregard the man? X
date of the people and choose one of its own party faith, in-
stead of Mr. Chamberlain, as United States senator. Had the X
last state primary preferred a Republican for United States sen- J
ator, and had the recent election resulted in the choice of a
Democratic legislature, the proposition of nullification or of X
4
i
4
violation of the voted order
Democrats to suck a legislature,
f sally denounced by Republicans in Oregon and elsewhere.
The contention-that Republicans -do right when they do
wrong, simply because they are Republicans and - have the
chance to do wrong, is an abomination in morals and should
X be nauseous, to Republicanism itself. AVe think it will be
. nauseous to thenubtvtwe shall wait and see. V: -O.-. . - - ,' . .
- The Oregorr Journal, published at Fort land, -in proceeding -'I
X ' upon the principle that honesty and Republicanism in that statf
,can and should be. regarded as synonymous; and, we hall mi
tinue to believe that Oregon. Republicanism i not tl, ,
X scoundrelism, until we afe forced to. conclude to 'the t -,;ir "
nuii us wrwt
taxps. nrs cuts.
HiEP
mem
SELL ST1PS
Visiting Nurses' Association
Will Put Holly Stamps on
Sale Tomorrow for Benefit
. of Consumptives Money
All to Be Expended Here.
To aid in fighting tuberculosis In
Oregon, the Visiting Nurses' associa
tion is placing on sale beginning to
morrow, the Red Cross seals, to ba
used as stickers on Christmas pack
ages, letters and cards.
These stamps will be sold at one
cent each, and the entire proceeds
will be used to aid this work In this
slato. Wherever the stamps are sold
throughout the state, the money will
be spent In that locality, thus making
the effort in each part of tlye state
depend upon the support of . the
movement in each locality. ,
A. L. Mills, president of the First
National bank, said this morning:
"The work, of the Visiting iNursesf
arrif)tlon is deserving of the support
of .everyone, and-the sale- of thes
stan ps is about the easiest way tn
which the entire public can give its
support .1:... -, j :;"; syv);'
. ' VTha JTo One Else Does. -'
"The nurses endeavor ' to reach, the
penniless and friendless tn the last
stages of consumption, and there is
no organisation in the state except this
that is doing this work. The Open Air
sanatorium is unable to - take charity
patients tn the last stages of the dis
ease, and the money collected by the
sale of these stamps wll be used ' to
help - the penniless who are consump
tives.' , .
"There is at present no place in the
city where' a" woman dying of con
sumption can ind a room or a bed
whereon to ale, and anyone who haa
any charity and even he who has none,
but who for selfish reasons wishes to
?rotect himself and his family from
his disease should support this ef
fort of the Visiting Nurses',, assicla
tion." The seals will be for sale at many
of the leading stores about town. Thev
will also he for sale at the business
office of The journal, ,
. Retreat lor ,C arable.
The National Red Cross society, which,
is Interested in stamr? out this terri
ble pestilence of tuberculosis, la .using
this 'means throughout the various
states of arousing interest in the work
and in raising money for establishing
open air retreats where the curable pa
tients may De taxen ana separaiea rrom
contact with the members of their fam
ilies who are not afflicted. In this state
the visiting nurses' association has) the
sale of the stamps and every penny col
lected here by this means will be used,
In the local work.
The Visiting Nurses association has
the following officers: Honorary presi
dent. Mrs. Stephen S.i'Wlse of Brooklyn,
N. Y.; president, MM. Millie R, Trum
ball; vice) president, Mrs. ,W. B. Ayer;
secretary treasurer, Mrs. A.- F. Biles;
corresponding secretary,' Mrs. E. A.
Baldwin; directors. Mrs A.-A. Morrison,
Mrs. II. S. Glle, Mrs. John Cran, Mrs.
Helen Ladd Corbett,' Mrs. F. J. Bailey.
Mrs. P. J. Cronin, Mrs. R. B Lanison. .,
Mrs. Hamilton Brooke. Mrs. .Adolpbe
Wolfe, Mrs. Clarence Nichols, Miss Vir
ginia Wilson, Mrs. 8. M. Blumauer and
Miss Valentine Prlchard. . - v '
of the state, proceeding from
would be roundly and univer-
TO DOW
PLAGUE