, ,
THE JOURNAL
Alt INDEPENDENT UEWWAPEH.
e . lACKaos................. Pobiimc
poblUhod nwj evening irpt 8adayl ana'
i-t Honda? room In at Tna Journal Bolla-
tof. Flfta and Ij1iIU atrata, Portland. Or.
Bnter t ttoe pcHrtofflea t PwrtUad. Or., for
trans miaaion, tfcraaga Uw Bella a
matter. .
1 BWff tiON ES MAIN TIT. BOMS, A-0O51.
AU aepartmeota reacbad by theae in beta.
Tlt operator the depart mant o waau
Etat Bid offica. B-444 Eaat 83S.
roSIIQN ADVEETI8INO BBPSKSENTATIVH
Vrwlitwl-BeiiJaTnln Spadl A'WTtf'nf Asmcy.
Bmnawlck Bnllflta. S2S Fifth rw aw
, York! 1007-08 Bojca Bolldlua, Chicago.
MwMlnllM Tarwi k man ar ta anT'
In u United State, Canada or Mallow
i DAILY. -
Dm rear. ....... .$5.00 I One BMta. ......9 .60
SUNDAY, '
One year... ......12.60 I Ona mon ..... .33
' , DAILX AND BUN DAT.
Qna fear.. .......IT-SOi One swath., .68
.Tail Ctrtibt that ibt eimlathn ofth. f
OmSOOV 1CTTAX
f u tea aadtedaatf pnnatM hyUS
Adrertbcr'i CtrtiBti Cimkth Sim Book
. Tan fa per Am pro-red bjr tortnigatma
thmt the em-uaOo neordt are kept with
an mud the cmmlmtiom fitted with tuck
mxtmncf thmt advertiser' may relj on any
UMTS a
T mmlrr tt awamtuB mad aaawatit
I fX mrootro September 4. 1903.
A good word la an easy ob
ligation; .but not to speak til
requires only our silence,
which costs us nothing.
TlllotBon
-a
tHE GOOD TIDIXGS
E PORTS are that large crowds
of . farmers are greeting the
Willamette " ValJy demoa
stration train at . every stop
v The dairy ' products of Washington
county last year aggregated a mil
lion ; dollars. Because dairy prod
ucts brought so much, the land In
that county is able to earn $150 to
. $200; per- acre, and much of It
..brings that price In the market
Enlightened . dairying was the
agency by which there was so ralu
able an output, and the cause of
an advance in the land value from
?20 and f 40 to $160 and $200 per
acre. C'-.":'
' Modernization of dairying, of hor
. ticulture, and of animal and agri
cultural husbandry is as essential
as modernization of method in pro
ducing a newspaper. The Journal
recounted.. In Portland the outcome
' of the election within an hour after
the polls .closed,' because all that scl
ence has evolved or discovered has
been .invoked in creating the paper.
The farmer who la content with the
-agencies, the methods and Infor
mation that were in vogue in pio
neer times has not the slightest
chance of success in these days
when the building up of the soil
the choice of b reeds and the appli
cation of the up-to-date are. neces-
. sltles that must be reckoned with.
That this is coming to be under
stood among farmers, is indicated
by the numbers In which they at
tend the lectures and. view the ap
pliances of the state agricultural
college expert! with the dempnstra-
' tion train.
It is finesse in the economics of
the farm that two bushels of wheat
be produced where but one was
grown. To this problem, the United
States department of agriculture
has addressed itself, and hundreds
of trained experts are experimenting
with varieties and with soils. To
, this problem, congress h$s also ad
dressed Itself by endowing national
colleges of agriculture and national
experiment stations In each state,
and in these both instruction and
- experimentation by scientific men
are in constant progress. By in
struction and experiment, England
- has increased her average yield of
wheat from eight or 10 to nearly
30" bushels per acre. Results as
remarkable have been attained In
, France and the low countries. With
' in a comparatively few years wheat
consumption is to overtake wheat
production, and to meet that crisis,
as well as to Increase the thrift of
the husbandman, the United States,
the chief wheat-producing country
of the world, Is endeavoring to In
crease her average per acre wheat
yield VFor reasons equally lmpor
' tant the invoking. Of science for bet
ter yields . on the dairy, in the or
chard and other farm activities, is
In progress, and hence the demon
stration train. Its novelty will draw
the crowd, and its experts will do
the rest in carrying the good tid
lngs of pygyesslve farming.
, Now, that these glittering reports
of a golden prosperity brought about
. in three 'days by the outcome of .the
election .'sound good. We are all
- ready for the prosperity and doubt
- not that it - will come. A big, re
sourceful nation with a race of peo
ple electrical in brains, nerve and
energy, cannot be kept out of pros
perity for a very long period .of time,
But if the mere Incident of Mr.
Taft rather than Mr. Bryaa has hur-
ried along this golden age, is that
t ihat .yesterday, that last year that
last pricgand that last summer a
m?r..craamtr)idT we do. business
t'tt 'clearing house certificates, were
' a .million -or two of men out of
RpioythcnC were ars idle and fac-
closed, all' under the reign of
BtiOihpir than Ftrvjin nr vai T !1
i lioinil slghlmare? Of course; the
mills will resume,: the laborer . flpd
hire, the stocks soar and the crops
mw. but whv not cItb a little credit
to the labor of men. .the sunshine,
the seasons and . God Almighty?
TRUSTJSM OR SOCI AIJSM
wmciir
A FEATURE - of the election is
the reported falling off in tbe
Socialist vote. In place of the
. V . .
, expeciea increase. i wiu uu
In the power of Mr. Taft and his
congress to still further decrease this
rote. The announced attitude of
Roosevelt that great combinations
should, be curbed, contributed) a
share in arresting the- growth of the
Socialist party. " An infinitely
greater influence in the same direc
tion was exerted by Mr. Bryan aad
the Injunction plank adopted at the
Denver convention. It Is known that
thousands who would otherwise have
supported Debs voted for Mr. Bryan
through the influence of Mr. Gom-
pers and the Denver injunction
plank.
The hope, aroused y the preach
ments of Roosevelt and the known
attitude of Bryan, that some defense
is to be set up against the encroach
ments of aggregated, wealth. Is-a
foremost factor in preventing the
spread ,of the Socialist propa
ganda. The . resentment against
these encroachments is intense. The
forces that It can at any time set
in motion reach the borderland of
the explosive." It is human nature
to bate an economic arrangement
by which the few by unfair means
exploit the many. Equity between
units of the race is the admiration
of the American, and the opposite
of It as exemplified by RockefeHer
lsm, Archboldism and Morganocracy
is detested. In the last analysis,
when it shall, If ever, come to a
choice between accentuated trust
ism and Socialism, millions of citi
zens who are not Socialists will turn
to that party as a defense against
over-lordism.
In this view, Mr. Bryan, with
his middle course between the two
extremes, has been, and is, a safety
valve, and as such, whether presi
dent or not president, is of enor-
. , A. . 1 T Hf-
ULOUI Value iu iuo uuuuuj n
BpTaft Is "broad enough, and if his
congress can become broad enough
to sail a course that will not mean
the deliverance of the country bod
ily into trustism, he will do much
to confirm the people's Judgment
in naming him for the presidency.
THE BOY, THE STEP-FATHER
AND THE GUN
T
HE VERDICT of the Jury in
the .case of young Jackson
Reid is to be commended, yet
justice would be better satis
fled if punishment could also be
meted out to his step-father, who
left a hoy of that age with a gun,
and with orders to shoot trespass
ers. ,
It is true that there were pro
voking circumstances and extenu
atlng conditions. But these were
probably considerably exaggerated.
Tramps and other Inconsiderate vis
itors had caused some annoyance,
and the De Mars appear to have
acted in a somewhat offensive or ag
gressive manner, but these were
trivial excuses for sending for a gun
and killing a man. The boy is not
so much' to blame as his natural
guardian and Instructor, who told
him to do this; the boy very likely
was awaiting an opportunity, an ex
cuse, for obeying his instructions,
thought it would be exceedingly
smart and manly to kill somebody;
but it would be bad to let him go
without severe correction. Acquit
ted, declared entirely guiltless,
would htf not think that he could
kill somebody else- on some slight
provocation?
The fact is that a boy of that age
has no business with a gun. It is
a moral crime, and ought to be a
legal crime, to leave a boy In pos
session of a gun, much more to in
struct him to shoot trespassers to
kill. There ought to be an absolute
and perpetual divorce between boys
and guns, except possibly on hunt
ing trips when fathers are right at
hand and even this Is a bad piece
of education. To encourage boys i
in the delight to kill animals merely '
for the sport of destroying life, Is
vicious and reprehensible."
THE SHAME OF OREGON
T
HIS IS an old, homely subject,
about which The Journal has
published hundreds of edi
torials and other articles, but
we must keep hammering on it.
Apparently the - people of Oregon
are beginning to awake and arouse
themselves a little to the Importance
of it. and to the shamefulabsurdity
of existing conditions, and The
Journal is determined to do all it
can to aid in the movement for more
and better Oregon products. At
Dallas yesterday, Mr. R. B. Miller
said:
Egg-s, butter, poultry, in carload lota.
are shipped to Oreg-on from the eastern
States to aupply the demand here.' Ore-
Son farm a do not produce what Oregon
people have to have.
. Fresh cream is , shipped by express
from California and from Utah to aup-:
ply tha market of Portland and of the
Puget sound cities. Hogs by the train
load are . shipped by freight from Ne
braska to Portland and Fujet aound
paokers to run tbetr plants.) Oregon
forme scould produce these things, but
ther'dd not. The" pioney aent out of the
state for hogs alpune amounts to tl.E&O,
009 annually. ; This money should be
kpt in Oregon. Orcgnn farmers should
receive this 11.200.000 for Oregon boars..
I and n tha thar monay a pent for errs.
I cream, poultry, buttar and other prod
ucU and It to thalr earning-. It la
J tha land they own to produce Jt if
they were to adopt the modern methods
of farming- that would make It possi
ble. Oreg-on farina should produce aQ
that Is used of fans products in Ore
son, the farmers here should sell It to
tea home markets and tben should have
a eurplua to ship to other staJtea.
Tea, this is an old story. And we
must confess that It is a discred
itable one. It is something to which
we cannot point with pride. Oregon
people have the soil, the climate,
the water, all needed natural ad
vantages, and the fault must then
be in the people
Of course, nobody is legally or
morally obliged to raise mgre hogs
and poultry and cream and other
things that we Import so largely;
nobody can dictate to another and
say, Tou must do thus and so; but
the wonder, the curiosity, la that
without urging, Oregon farmers do
not la their own interest improve
these opportunities and produce
more of theee things, for It cannot
be reasonably questioned that it
would be profitable to do so.
The Southern Pacific Instruction
train will do good work, and It is
an encouraging fact tat so many
farmers are taking a lively interest
in it Oregon is entering upon a
new phase of developments upon a
new era; it Is going to move at a
faster pace, yet not necessarily a
more wearing one; and one result
of this new Impulse, we are sure,
will be the raising of far more of
these products, the gradual wiping
out of this long-standing: disgrace.
THE GREATER WHITMAN" COL
LEGE
T
HE CONSTH.C.CTIVBI la human
affairs la exemplifit ta an ac
tive movement or tie enlarge
ment of the scope cC Whitman
college. It Is proposed to give that
institution rank with the best edu
cational establishments in the east.
To an already generous course in
liberal arts is to be added six-year
courses in the various lines of engi
neering. A campus effect In
grounds, building and equipment is
planned for, on a massive scale, with
elaboration of Impressive architec
tural arrangements. Already pos
sessed of $300,000 in equipment and
buildings, and an endowment of
$300,000, it is proposed to add a
million secured in the northwest,
and additional great sums expected
to be available in the east. Walla
Walla, the seat of Whitman college,
has already subscribed nearly a
quarter of a million dollars to the
new endowment. In prospect, the
institution Is to be the great private
educational Institution of the north
west, maintained as to its student
body by the three states of Idaho,
Washington and Oregon, of which
the present site of Whitman is the
geographical center
The active movement in tbe cam
paign for this greater Whitman col
lege, is to be launched in an edu
cational congress to be held at
Walla Walla on the 17th and 18th
instant. Educators of national re
pute from the east will be present
at the congress, among them Secre
tary Anson Phelps Stokes of Yale,
Dean Burton of the Massachusetts
School of Technology, and President
Nnrthrnn nt t.hfi University of Min
nesota. These and otherB will "deal
In addresses with topics pertinent
to the enlarged Whitman . college,
and point out to the congress the
things that such an Institution would
mean to the norttwest.
At the head of the movement is
Dr. Penrose, whose administration
of 14 years, has lifted Whitman out
of a struggling bankruptcy, and
placed it upon a stable financial
basis, with a generous course in lib
eral arts, and a student body of
more than 400 students! Assoc!
ated with him is a board of 64 over
seers, among whom are J. C. Ains-
worth, W. B. Ayer, Robert Living
stone, W. M. Ladd, W. W. Cotton,
T. B. Wilcox and S. G. Reed, all of
Portland. To this board, the board
of nine regents has transferred the
conduct of the financial and educa
tional policies of the institution.
In behalf of the plan, it is argued.
and with reason, that the northwest
needs such . an Institution. The
natural resources of the coast sur
pass those of any other locality of
equal area, and these resources need
the developing hand of technically
trained men for their fuller develop
ment. Geographically, Walla Walla
Is the center of this region, being
within 24 hours of any forest, of
any mine, of any irrigable lands in
the northwest. It 4s also argued,
and with reason, that the plan is
not in conflict with the state institu
tions in the northwest, but that,
comprehensively viewed, It will be
a f stimulus to, the people of the
states Interested to better provide
for these public Institutions. It Is
also argued, that the creation of an
institution that would- provide for
he better development of the re
sources of the region would be build
ing for Portland, for Oregon, for
Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane, and for
all other sections of the great north
west empire. In its comprehensive
ness, and In the intelligence with
which the plan -is conceived and pre
sented by Dr. Penrose, the move-
ment promises to Succeed, as indeed,
Ih ought to. 4
The vote in this county was not
so bad, after all, : from a. Demo
cratic point-of ; view. The Repub
lican registration numbered 29,106,
while Taft ; received . only 17;819
votes. The Democratic registration
was only 7,053, but Bryan received
9,870 votes. Probably much the
same proportion holds throughout
the state. This shows that several
thousand men who consider them
selves Republicans preferred Bryan
and his policies to Taft and his poli
cies, and the Democratic to the Re
publican platform. The number of
such voters is not nearly as great
as Bryan's ardent supporters hoped
and expected, yet may be sufficient
to afford 'them a little consolation.
Letters From tKe People
Ittm ta "Hia 3onrsal should be wrtttea oa
ana aids of tba paper only, and should be ae
fompaaied br the same and addraia of tM
writar. roe name wiu bo m utu
writer asks that It be withheld. Tha Journal
la nnt tn h. nrufrwu4 lnffcirain tha VteWt
or atateBMBta of eorreapoadenU. Letters should
Da maoe as briar aa poaai&ie. moae '"'""
ueur letcara returnea when not useu auuou, -close
poacas.
Onrraaivuuteat ara Mtlrlad that letters
seeding 800 words la length ma, at the dla
cretloa of the editor, be cut down to that Umlt.
Wide Streets and Wide Minds.
Portland. Nov. 8. To the Editor of
Tne Journal Replying to ine person
whose artlola In rarard to KllltnKSWOrth
avenue and the North Albina Push club,
Srlnted in your paper, is signed, "A
ubaorlber," I beg leave to state that
we members of the club are much sur
prised. We thought that the old moss
backs had been completely scraped of
their foliage by this time, but It ap
pears that a few atlll venture out of
tne Dm an now ana men.
Aa a member of the North Albtna
Push club I want to say that every
member la public spirited and Intelli
gent. We are not looking for trouble
like this wise Individual, who la ashamed
to sign his name to his article. we
know that the dirt from cars Is being
swept out on KUHngsworth avenue, but
the street Is atlll in the hands of the
Pacific Bridge company, the work not
yet having Been accepted and neither
the orooerty owners nor the club have
any control over the street at this time.
What I want to say la Mr. Subscriber,
you are neglecting your duty as a cit
Uen when you permit the violation of
a city ordinance. iou nave juhi jm
much risht to swear out a warrant
against the violators as haa any mem-
uvr ui inn uuu. avw wnjr uvu l
get busyT I will guarantee that If you
take the proper stand, the club will
Indorse what you do. The club-; would
like to see all streets widened, tt pos
sible, but incidentally, they would like
to see you ana your menus wtaen your
minds. We would rather see narrow
streets than narrow minds.
J. H. NULTA.
It Sounds Reasonable.
Portland. Nov. 6. Te the Editor of
The Journal It Is reported that H. W.
lott of the ureKoman. dv mistake.
voted for - Bryan instead of Taft. not
being able to distinguish the dlfferenca
In tne twff piatrorms. i wonaer 11 it is
possible that such a thing could have
happened. CITIZEN.
Small Change
It Is a proper time "lor big men.
a a
Even Nicky Longworth was reelected.
' a a
Still, they may not all agree on Scott
for senator.
a a
Everybody's for Taft now and was
all the time.
a a
If any part of the countrvcan pros
per Oregon can.
Mr. Taft has a great opportunity to
De a great presiaeni.
a a
Pity that Xaft and Hughes can't ex
terminate Tammany.
a a
Perhaps Lents and St. Johns will
vote to come in next. -a
a
Come in, you suburbs, and make Port-
lana a city or suu.uuu in laio.
. a a
1 What! Root to remain secretary of
state?, we thought it would be tultoni
a a
Oregon wants a senator to do busl
ness for Oregon; not one to follow Aid
rich and Cannon blindly.
a a
The Pendleton Tribune says the
Bheep In Umatilla county voted for
Taft. The returns confirm the state
ment. a a
In his campaign. Aristocrat Lewis
Stuyvesant Chanler attacked Oliver
Cromwell. Evidently the people of New
York are not In favor of the house of
Stuart.
a a
Pendleton East Oregonlan: To the
scrap pile with the political cartoon, the
red flag, the stale campaign joke, the
battered dinner pall, the elephant and
the aonk
Let us pull for presidential elections
only once in seven years. Have It an
odd year. Seven Js a good figure. Fix it
up so that Taft can stay in seven years,
or try end get rid of a billion dollars'
worth of worry.
Oregon Sideligliti
There has been a large apple harvest
In the Cove district in Lnlon county,
a a
Sclo correspondence of Stayton Mall
People in tlas vicinity do not maxe
mucn oi a noise in tne woria, never
theless they occasionally do something.
a a.
Mrs. Perry Hyde's lemon tree at Har-
rlsbura. save the Bulletin, has aeain
produced anotner lemon or unusual size.
It weighed Just a pound, and is as
large as a good sized cocoanut.
a a
Huntington Herald: The city well is
now down to a depth of 428 feet. Tbo
drillers report that tney are maaung
alow progress, as the substance through
which they are drilling Is so hard that
they cannot make, but about six feet
a day.
a a
A Rickreall farmer obtained from one
tract of 15 acres. 7 bushels and 20
pounds, and from another tract of 40
acres, 248 bushels and 6 pounds, or 19,
646 pounds from the entire 65 acres,
while this is a profitable yield at the
price offered, from $8 to 18.60 per bush
el for first-class seed, yet the yield is
only a little more than two thirds as
large aa usual.
It.' E. Wvlle. near Ruene. ocorrtl
to the Rearlster. has one of thA ht on.
pie orchards In this country and as he
devotes hla entire time to it. It receives
the best of care and the results are ap-
Farent in the quantity and quality f
rutt grown. Mr, Wylle took five of
the principal prises at the Springfield
fair held last week, aa follows: On his
Ben Davis. Baldwins. Wagner Yellow
Newtown pippins, and Northern Spv.
They are aa handsome annlea am
ever sent out of Oregon. Hood River,
southern Oregon or anywhere else. Hei
Is now flxlnar un six or-elrht hna rr
various varieties to oe sent to the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific
exposition to be held
at Seattle next spring. -a
a
Albany Herald: With the hotels and
lodging-houses in this city full and every
house in town occupied the proposition
of finding places for the newcomers
la Wftmlna a ta aV fiinorafaw T-i.-.
of the commercial club and President
uanKaon oi a incuig m, qiiiicuii proDlem
in finding residences. Today ! six Ger
man families arrived and where to houae
them is the vexing question. The mat
ter of securing suitable ground for tba
ereetlen of lent a which can be used as
temporary residences for the newcomers
is being considered ' seriously. . Never
oeiore m ne nistory or the state has
such ah Influx if immigrants to Oregon
occurred.; . . . - ..
SOIL SOURCE OF ALL
WEALTH, SAYS HILL
That the soil Is by far tha great
est' source of any nation's wealth; that
mlnea, forests and fisheries, while val
uable, must yield to tha farms as last
lng aources of revenue, was-the text
of James J. Hill's speech, at the Worth
Bank dedication banquet at the Com
mercial club last night. Mr. Hill de
voued a certain amount of his time to
advocating- conservation of all national
resources, but made hia main plea for
more intelligent agricultural methods
oalcuiatea to prevent tnreatenea lra
rjoverishment of the aolL Mr. . Hill
Psald: y
"Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: A
man's heart would be made of either ice
or stone If it was not moved by the
welcome4 that you have accorded me
here tonignt, and I want to thank you
for It I am aettlni alonar in. years.
at . least aa men count their years,
though it is aald a man la aa old as
he feels, and a woman Is as old -as
sne looks. ,
Thft VM1-I ' T am in1riil 4a an..
fall lightly on me; at tha asms time I
am constantly reminded that the fatureT'Oregon. I think there 4a no portion of
is much shorter than tha vast. If I
have had the good fortune - to be of
any use in tne world, it ts because I
have tried to have faith In mv fellow-
men and. to have faith In what tha AU
mignty naa given us in tha way of a
fertile soil. I never built a mile of
railroad unless I knew that tha existing
road could take care Of It, if It didn't
pay.
"Without any attempt at giving our
selves bouquets I want to say' to you
that I felt great pride yesterday from
Pasco to Pprtland. It la an easy way
to get over the Cascade range. And I
felt, although it involved the Invest
ment of an enormous amount of money,
that -I would not like to trade back; I
would not like to hand It ' over and
take the money.
l no not think there la a city in
the United States that has a better
entrance, a more solid and substantial
entrance for a railway than Portland
haa from the other aide of the Columbia.
raises msm opponent
Now. wa have got Into P Portland
pretty fairly well, and have ., fair
amount of room down there: '.but mv
friend Cotton- I haven't a thins in the
wona againsi.-voiion, ne la a gooa lei-iWi-nd
-every one - of you - know it.
but what a power of resistance he has.
"I saw those locomotives down here
running on his track, and I watched
them, and every one of them apparently
when it got up in his neighborhood
went off the track. I wonder If Cotton
turned the switch. If he did, if he did
and I am going now to apeak for Mr.
Elliott and myself we will be mag
ranimous, and we are going to forgive
him. They have a terminal in Portland,
and possibly they will open their doors
and take us in. I don't want them to
take us in too hard.
All cities, If they are to be perma
nent, must have a permanent founda
tion. Everything in the world that Is
worth having comes from either the
rieio, tne loreat, tne mine or the sea.
Ynn hnv a ,u a hnnHrMl vnilAa Hnwn
here. I was down there and heard the
wash of the waves all night, and they
sang a delightful lullaby. But the sea
only produces from two to three por
cent of that that has value. The forest.
once f. great heritage In this country,
ts practically exhausted until you cross
the great range of the Rocky moun
tains. "Don't be too gay. There praotlcally
Is a time. If it has not already arrived
It will arrive in a very few years, when
evry tree In the state o Washington
and Oregon will be counted. You
haven't any more trees than you need,
or than your neighbors need, and take
good ar of them; don't waste them.
"You have rich mines, but your great
riches are In the fertility of the soil.
Riding about Portland today, well into
the month of November, and seeing the
grass as green as in June; where else
in the United States, except in the
Pacific northwest could you find any
such condition? Now, the green grass
is gooq aa rar as it goes, but tne son
inai maa n green is oeiter.
Great Wealth in SoU.
Tjur, agricultural crop last year
amounted to $7,400,000,000. This year
I think It will amount to over 18,000,-
ooo.uoy. Tne amount is easily named,
but it is most difficult for thte human
mind to -grasp It It is more than
the foreign trade of all tha nations of
Kurope. I don t know how many years
it would take, but more than a life
time, for all the mines In the United
States to produce any amount approach
ing what is produced in a single year
by the cultivation of the soil.
"Now, when a forest Is cut down it is
the end of it. When the mine is robbed
of its treasure there is a hole In the
ground; many of them graves of burled
nopes. jut tne Kindly old motner earth,
if used as It ought to be used, is a
perennial mine, returning year after
year an Increased value for the labor
expended upon It. What you have here
Is the most productive soil. I have ever
known anywhere.
"You have good land in the Willam
ette .valley. But bear this in mind: Ever
since the landing; of - the Mayflower at
Plymouth Rock, the United States has
had an ample field, an unlimited Public
domain upon which neoDle mleht aa
and aettle and make happy homea where
they could live by the cultivation of the
soil. That condition haa changed.. We
have no more large public domains. I
don't know today of a single township
that has not some settlers upon it where
a man can set down and build up a coniT
fortable home by the cultivation of the
soil and live under his own vine and fig
tree.
"But our population increases even
faster than it has in the rant. But let
us take in ratio the increase in our pop
ulation for the last 100 years, and you
will find that by the middle of the pres
ent century, oy iou. it may come Dy
1945, or It may be 1956. But about that
time you will have 200,000000 of 'people
1n the United States. You want your
share of them, and Portland wanta her
share.
increase in wheat crop.
"Last year we raised 634.000.000 bush
els. In 1882, or 25 years before, we
raised 604,000,000. In that 25 years
there was an Increase of 130.000.000
bushels. But in that 25 years all the
northern part of Minnesota, all of North
and South Dakota Montana la not a
great wheat-raising state; Idaho raises
considerable; all that Is under cultiva
tion and produced in Idaho; ail of Wash
ington and all of Oregon except about
8.600.000 bushels: half of tbe wheat
praotlcally of California; two thirds or
three quarters of Kansaa and Nebraska,
Oklahoma and practically all that Texas
Produces the fields were brought under
he plow in that 25 years, and those new
fields brought under the plow within
that 25 vears produced over 800.000.000
bushel-of wheat In the last crop, and
still the produce of the United States as
a whole increased 130,000,000 bushels,
leaving for the old fields that were un
der cultivation and devoted to raising
wheat 25 years ago a deficiency of 170.-
600,000 bushala. Now think of it: Where,
are wa going to get wheat for bread?
: "I do not fear for the future of the
country. Z know that the United States
can furnish the bread for 200,000,000
or- for 300,000,000 of .people, but not
undertone memoos or cultivation tnat
have Bten nursued in the cast And I
want to compliment Cotton again. They
are doing good work, because I see in
the dally paper inai tney nava got a
train out and they have got some skill
ful scientific men going around showing
the farmers how to farm. - it la not only
their business, but it I your business;
it is every man's business to see that
the land la cultivated aa it ought to be
cultivated.. We are following about 100
year behind where Great Britain leads.
In 1780, their yield was about 14 bush
els per acre: at 'the present time ours
is 13.9; practically what theirs was 11 S
years. ago.- . - -
WHat Bnalaad Old. - , .
"Now thev have a small conn try. The
land mainly-owned by about 30,000 land
lords. Tney appointed a royat commis
sion because the -people were leaving. the
land and going to the oolonies- and com
ing to the young republic, our own coun
. . J- -
try. The royal commission took these
questions up and they had a power
through the conditions under which the
lands were leased to fix the manner in
which they should be cultivated; to say
how many years they might go withou:
fertilization or rotation. That was done
through the leases. .
"They aent trained men to see the
farmers and ahow them how to culti
vate the land, how to put in tha best
eropa adapted. to each aoil. and how to
aelect the season. Now, after 50 years,
after such men as Sir Humphrey Davy,
probably tha most eminent scientist of
his time, had delivered Intelligent lec
tures .upon tha analysis or soli with
the view to their commercial use In
1810, 1811 and 1811, ha wte on that
subject a great deal of Information
that in the light of our time seemed ai
most inspired. But it .took them until
1S4U, or 60 years after ha started, be
fore- they raised the yield per acre up
to 26 bushels. Now tha yield of Great
Britain la 3 2. J bushels. In Holland it
Is 34 : In Denmark, a dairy country-
ana unina or your opportunities ana witn
tnese oeautirui grasses top dairying in
tha United Statea that can touch the
state .of Oregon for dairying.
Dairy Lng- in Denmark.
"But while Denmark only cultivates
about 80 per cent of her area, the fertil
ising qualities of her dairy cattle has
enabled them to cultivate the land and
enrich It and keep up Its fertility until
it yields 88 bushels per acre, nearly
three times as much as the average
of the United State, Now, I repeat,
I do not feel discouraged about our not
being able to furnish our loaf of bread,
but It has got to ba through better
cultivation of the soil. And to secure
tnat, let every one of our western
states, our eastern statea. follow, if
they will, but let those that we have
our nearts bound up In see to It that
their agriculural colleges are the center
of learning, of scientific" learning aa
to the treatment of the good, kindly
old mother earth at whose breast we
nave all got to get our living. See
that the boys and the girls are taught
not to despise the farm, for the time
is coming, rortunateiy, when intelli
gent farming will call for the hlarhest
order of Intelligence; It will ca,l for
ma oesi worn ana tne oest education
mat tney are susceptible of. receiving,
no matter where. And see to 4t that
your agricultural colleges do nof ahoot
above the mark; see that they do not
aid or try to aid the methods of great
universities; if they do they will fail.
Try and have the boys realise that the
man wno.nas nis leet in the soil, the
man wntv grows up out or the soli, as
the tree grows up out of U, Is the man
who will suceed and ha ia the man who
will be the oorner stone of the future
life, social, commercial and financial, of
our wnoie country.
Mlnea Are Delusion,
"Looking backward ovr tha hiarnrv
of other nations, possibly Spain in her
time naa more pi me precious metals,
it is recorded thnt tha Rnnnlnh nutlnn
freighted her erold anil Uvr in mi.
loon, conveyed wun snips or war rrom
Central and South America to Spain.
And aome of our English ancestors
made a good living waylaying them and
taking It from them. Now, where is
Spain today and where is her money?
i.ei.me, nay to you tnat lr you will
diligently examine the naa-es nt hia.
tory you will find that no nation was
ever permanently great and permanent
ly strong that relied upon the precious
metals as against the cultivation of
the earth, of the soil.
"During our own time, going back
from, the present time to about 1819 or
1820. after Great Britain ni1 NinnWn
on the' Island of St. Helena and rea-
sonaDiy sare against rurther trouble,
they started on a great period of col-
nizaiion ana expansion. eminently
first-class . boomers. Conditions fav.
ored them: the develonment nt thair
coai anri weir Iron grew to such an
extent that It Is said by economic writ
ers that the production of iron la the
Barometer meaauring tne commercial
success of any nation or any people.
Great Britain was alna-nlnrlv f,vn
in her coal and her Iron: their change
Hum wuuu miipB ic iron amps ana rrom
sailing vessels to steam fnrthar .
panded their power. But 70 years after
iiKT? I'lverpoors administration In
1889 the oldest established and most
firmly established banking house of
Great Britain, Baring Brothers, failed
because they had been too liberal in
staking enterprises In a South Ameri
can coiony.
Tells of Baring Crash.
"J remember verv wall what .
pened. I got the news on' Wednesday
M:' ' - ,,ui n-.fvjr 1 1 waq Con
firmed On Frllinv tha RnnV nt L-n..
land met and undertook to liquidate the
Baring estate and pay the debts. That
was published on Saturday. And on the
wjuwing xuesaay, less than a week
from the time that It waa known in
uuuuun mat me nouse or Baring Broth
era was in nnancial trouble, there
wasn t a dollar to pay for wheat In
Nebraska or in Minnesota or in Dakota
ui Hnywnero in tne west.
'Now. we sav wa in nnt imi, hmili
er's keener: but a. hrnk All Iwvm in t Via
Arjrentine In iSfid
?t";f 'very country station In the
vjuiLoii amies, f ortunately it waa at
that time we were starting from the
" "'w vaiiey to cross tne Rocky
mountains, and we had SM.00A.noa in
money or a little less than that, and
we furnished -the money to buy wheat
In Minnesota and In North Dakota, and
farmers were not compelled to haul
their wheat back to the stations. That,
however. Is something that we -have
?xown Wied to as panics come. Last
alv w" .na,, a Hsjht experience, and
we have hada good many of them.
-'But- V want tn nail vnti atM,4M ,
how closely the business of the world
Is interwoven and tied up. The United
Statea commercially and financially was
farther apart, the different states of
ine union, at tne close or the civil war,
than the entire world ia today. The
rapid transit of nrnnarrv a
ties of exchange, of exchange of values
of exchange of Information and ideas,
all ia more quickly arrived at than It
were possible within the limits of the
United States at the cjose of the civil
Comes Back Tamers.
"Now, I want to come back to the
agricultural people. When Barings
failed, the Bank of Franca having after
jiid rtaii-utrman war, is or 11 years
before, paid 11,000,000,000 Indemnltyfl
muiiBy over to ionaon to re
lieve the situation. France has no great
mineral resources of coal, Iron, gold or
silver, and none of her colonies has
But today, let me say to you. no nation,
outside of the-United Statea can go to
war.ana continue at war for any length
of time without the . permiaslon of
French bankers. ,
"When the Intelligent and courageous
German kaiser wanted, to have his way
ei?!Ge It ". and
a l Of his neighbors were willing to ar
blfate for htm. they naa a meeting.
You remember that the German repre
sentative was bound to have his own
way. and he did not want to have any
interference or to receive any advice
from hts friends, and they kept going
"iPJll tr?m day J dBT nl they
thought that the meeting of the repre
sentatives of. the different nations was
going to end in failure. But the French
bankers called their loan nna ni.ht
and the next morning it was announced
that France and Germany had settled
turir uuucuiiies.
"I drove around the city today, and
I think I. didn't see, a block, unless it
was here In the busy part, where they
have not roses; thV have bouquets
here, but not roses. Riding about Port
land. I didwiot aee a block that had not
roses In bloom. Think of rosea bloom
ing in the open air In November! You
have wonderful soIL Just take care of
it AH the cities, all your churches, all
your schools, your colleges, your law
yers, your doctors, -your bankers, your
merchants and everybody else deoend
A soon the cultivation of the soil, and
tnere is no. more reason ror a city here
than there ia at any other place in the
Willamette valley If It were not for the
cultivation of the soil. . .
- Why Cities Ar Built, '
!'If there was a reason Ia the past con-
7 .
Wtat Organized ! Lator
' - Wants
From an Interview With Samuel Com.
. pers - in - November McClureTi. -
The ' organised laborers of America
demand no special favors; no old age
pensions; ': no socialistic legislation.
They want 6nly Justice. They ask the
American people for protection against
mediaeval, conspiracy laws, under whlcn
they are imprisoned, fined,, end continu
ally Intimidated for doing, in comblna
tion, acts which every citiien of the
United Statea has a constitutional right
to do as an individual. English labor
ers have been given this protection by
acts of parliament. American laborers
have sought it in vain from congress for
10 years. Until they secure It. there can
never ba said to be really free labor in
America. , , - , .
A-tombinatlon of laborers is not like
any, other economic combination. For
this reason: a labor combination does
not sell iron, steel, cloth -Inanimate
things;- It sells the power to labor, and
that power can never ba divorced from
the laborer living flesh and blood,
which suffers from heat and cold and
accident; a human being,' with all the
qualities and rights and privileges of
the individual citizen. This is a free
country: and every citlsen has certain
Inalienable rights of freemen. . None of
these ar more fundamental than tbe
rights of association, of f re apeeoh, and
a third right lesa often conaidered the
right to work for whom you please, to
stop work when you pleaae, for any rea
son you please, or for no reason. If a
cttisen eould not do this, it would mean
that some one else haa a right of prop
erty in hla labor, which would mean
slavery.
dltlons will have wiped it out, and the
new. conditions will be that the people
who live on the land need a place for
their exchanges, need a market where
they can sell and buy. That Is tha rea
son for a city. I hope that I read the
pagea of history aright I feel that bur
country is able with proper cultivation
to take care of three or more than three
to on) of our present population.
"You apeak of Wheat. I have got to
take a back aeat when Mr. Harris of tha
Burlington la here, for he carries more
corn than we do wheat: . I aupnose about
two or three to one; he is the biggest
corn road in the United States. Brother
Kinott carries more ' forest products
than any other road that I know Of In
tha United States, and the Great North
ern hag to put up with being the big-
feat wheat road in the United States,
t may be news to some of you, but we
carry more wheat in bushels In a year
than all the roads carry Into Chicago,
nearly twice as much, and we do not
carry any mere than we would like tn.
"But auppose .that you were dilatory
and postponed It, and said 'tomorrow'
and tomorrow,' that everything has al
ways turned out an rignt with the
United Statea. and that It alwavs will.
a an intelligent member of congress
said to me when I called his attention
to those things in Washington. I felt
sorry tot him. Suppose that we in
creased our yield 60 per cent and got It
up to 900,000.000 bushels, and only had
to" buv 400.000.000 bushels of wheat.
At that, time when the -United States
ceased to be an exporter, and 'as In the
markets of the world for 400.000,000
bushels of wheat, where would we get
It? I don't know of the fields upon
which it is raised, and I don't think you
could buy it for $1.50 a bushel.
"But If you boiiftht it for $1 a bushel
it would take ti00.ooo.000. and at 81.25
it would take $600,000,000, and we could
stand that for a year or two; but we
could not pay $600,000,000 a year for
bread and keep it up for any length of
time.
Talks Za Dead Earnest.
"toow you will pardon me. but I am In
dead earnest about it, never more so tn
my life, because I believe It Is not only
the best interest of every man who
wlshea his country well, but the best
interest of every man who wishes to
profit by the conditions of society In
our own country, that everything that
can be done to advance intelligent cul
tivation of the soil the selection of the
best seed, the adaptation of crop to soil,
that Is, a crop that the soil la beat cal
culated to -raise, shall be planted upon
it. If we do that there la no doubt
about our future. There is no doubt
about your future. You have a richer
heritage in your fertile soil than all the
wealth in tha Rocky mountain and tha
Cascades between the 49th parallel and
me fan am a canai, ana you can multi
ply by alx If you Ilka
'You will prosper as tha business of
the country prospers, and so will we.
We have been for 80 years occupied in
trying to build up; I don't want to null
down; I don't want to pull down any
thing; I always feel that there Is room
enough In the country for ourselves and
for all our neighbors, and If we cannot
hold our own with them, and if wa can
not keep our prow to the front without
doing any little act of discourtasv or
delay, or obstruction, or anything of
tne Kino, i always I eei mat we win
make a mighty poor race bv being mean
about It. W do not propose to do It
that way. We live and let live, and
give every fellow room according to
his heft and see what ha can da We
will either prosper with your prosper
ity or we will be poor with you.
Portland Xnst Assist.
'On selfish grounds we are envious
that you ahould be prosperous, most
anxious, because ithat means that we
will get a ahare of It On the other
hand, if you are to nroaoer. it la vnnr
lead and we will either obey tha rule
and trump or follow suit
'we could abandon an old field and
move on a new one, but the tide of emi
gration has already reached the Paoifio
ocean and is now beating back and tt
will meet the other tides that is con
stantly rising, because people will mar
ry and live in marriage and children
will be born, and people will coma to
the United States from other countries
aa long aa we pay the highest scale of
wages- in the known world. Those
things you cannot help. I exnect to
see you with 200,000.000 people, and I
expect to see you able to take care of
them and feed them and none of them
will suffer."
Hwiry Grler Bryant's Birthday. .'
Henry Grler Bryant, noted aa a
traveler ,and explorer, was born in Al-
icgneny. fa., iNovemoer f, 1S59. After
a three years' course at Phillips Exeter
academy he went to Princeton college
and was graduated from that Institu
tion in 1883. Subsequently he studied
law at the University of Pennsylvania.
With a natural taste for travel he made
extensive tours of the North American
continent visiting especially those
places that were off the ordinary routes
of travel. In 1891. he vlstted and ex
plored the Grand Fails of Labrador. The
following year he wa second in com
mand of the expedition sent to the Are
tic region for the relief of Lleutejfont,
Peary. In 1894 he commanded the Pearv
auxiliary - expedition to the far ' north.
n 1897 Mr. Bryant headed an exploring
expedition to Mount St Ellas. In rec
ognition of his work aa an explorer and
scientist Mr. Bryant ha been honored
with membership in the leading geo
graphical and other actentiflo societies
In Europe,,. ': ; .. ,
' This -Date in History.
154 Sir Martin FrobUher, famoui
navigator, died
1S09 Henry Hudson arrived at Dart- "
mouth, England, on his return from hts
first voyage - of discovery in the new -world.
.
1776 Lord rDunmore .declared Vir
ginia to be in a state of rebellion.
-1804 -Rhodium discovered In platinum
era by Dr. Wollastos of London.
1811 General Harrison. defeatcdth"
Indiana in battle of Tippecanoe." V
1887 Elijah P. Lovejoy, ant .slavery1
editor, mobbed and killed "at Alton, 111.
1861 Battle "of .Belmont ended tn a:
Victory for the Confederate forces. -
185 Last snlke of the Canadian Pa-'
clflci railway driven afEagle Pass, B. C'
19,06 Ho'reee Austin, ox-governor tof
Minnesota, died In Minneapolis
A
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