THE . OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, FRIDAY EVENING, JJJNE 3, 1CCX w
HZGT PRIMARY FOE I S
OF THE OLD MACHINES
r v mmEitic J. BASKET.
Yv askimrton. I. C June 26.
With the RepubUcaa convention Just
behind, and the Democratic, conven
tion Just before them, the American
people are greatly exercteed at this
time about the whos, whys and hows
of "getting the nomination." So far
as national politics la eoncernedne
might search the constitution ana
the laws forever and never find one
word to authorize a political conven
tion, or to Rive power to a conven
tion's mandate. : Yet a vast number
of the voters ot the United States
place the action of the convention
above their own convictions and vote
for the nominee regardless ; ot per
sonal preferences..! -And the members
of the electoral' college one has
ever disobeyed the command of bis
party convention. '' ". ; '
Political party nominations are necea-
hut to the. c&rter of the. American
statesman.. No man . Is se great that
he en enter public life without the
i aid of a nomination to help him to of flee.
or the capacity to control nominations
lo help other to ffioe. The lnfre-
: quwnt successes of Independent candt
tjates for minor offlcea mark the ex
rntlon which but DroTea the rule.
Therefore. It la apparent that the whole
fabric of our political Inatltutione rest
ipon the political party nomination.
The voters can chooae no better man
for president than Is nominated by the
parties. The so-called Independent vo
ter can never aelect a mao to serve
In the White House. That section of
the public may Induce a party t take
Its choice by bartering a promise of
the "independent" vote, but under or
dinary circumstance It must take what
' the parties give It; the greater of two
goods, or the lesser of two evils. .
. arominatlng Machinery,
Just at this lime It la Interesting to
mark the progress of the nominating
machinery of the American political
parties. In the beginning there wti
the caucus, then - came the delegated
convention, and now the direct pri
mary election bids fair to carry the
machinery to its most democratic ex
tremity. There la great talk or, con
ventions that are boss-ridden, and the
like. There has been Such talk before;
ever since conventions were held, In
fact. The greater volume of complaint
now Is but the evidence of the increas
ing purpose or tne people to xaxe me
into meir vwu
power ; of
hands.
nominating
Leavine aside the hosts of munici
pal, county, state and congressional of
fices, for ' which nominations are al
ready made Dy direct primaries in many
interesting 10 appiy . in
la
theory of the direct primary to the
nomination for the presidency, the most
important function exercised by pollti-
i a nartv.
Select the Chief.
The t ramers of the constitution did
not believe the people possessed suf
ficient wisdom and Judgment to se
lect the chief executive of the federal
government.' They battled long over
the proposition of leaving the selection
to the national legislature, or of en
trusting It to the several state egisla
turea. j;n the end, they left It to elec
tors to be appointed by the various
states not by the people of the states
in such manner as each state legis
lature might direct.
The constitution was null and void
from the very beginning, so far as the
ppirlt of this provision was concerned.
The people had every confidence In their
ability to select a president, and they
were very careful to choose as electors
only those persons who would reflect
the popular will. Thus the electoral
: college came to be merely an empty
form,,o far M the constitutional func
tion of choosing a presiden t ie con
cerned, it Is very far from being an
empty form In that It provides a sys
tem which gives - the smaller . states
more cower In Dronortion to their pop.
ulatlon than would obtain In a direct
vote; and thus makes the selection of
a minority president possible.
Selecting- Presidents.
'! The fathers declined the proposition
to vest the power of selecting a presi
dent in the hands of congress out of
consideration for the Integrity of the
trl-partite system or government wey
were establishing, In which the checks
end balances of and between the execu
tive, judicial and legislative depart
ments were so nicely adjusted.; But
congress soon perceived that the elec
toral college was amenaoie 10 im popu
lar wilL Therefore It set about to cap.
tain and oommand that, will, thus vir
tually slvlng congress me power o
timA the nrealdent. .
Political parties appeared in congress
before lines were drawn among the
people. The congressional caucus was
the result From 1788 until 1800 the
presidents Were named - by lniormai
' rarty caucuses of members of congress.
The attacks on '"King Caucus" were
begun In the public press as early as
18(50, although the first formally .con
voked nominating caucus was not held
until 180. From that time until
1824 "King Caucus" ruled supreme, and
the presidents were !ri4t, chosen by
toe memoers jOI congress -
H Congress and Politics. . ..
Tf that method of selecting- party can.
didates for president had prevailed, It
is a safe bet that the list of presidents
from Monroe's time until now wouia
. not contain a single name which it now
bears. Congress has always looked at
things irom a point ox view quite af
ferent from that of the voter. It does
not ran u I re erreat mental abllltv to
Imagine that f the present Republican
members of congress would not choose
Mr. Taft, or that the Democrats in con
gress might prefer another than Mr.
Bryan. Certain It Is that no congres
sional - caucus would have nominated
Theodore Roosevelt. Abraham Lincoln
or Andrew Jackson.
It was the certainty : that a ' caucus
would not nominate Jackson that led
to the establishment of the ' conven
tion system by the overthrow of "King
Caucus." In 182J tbe Tennessee legis
lature by an informal vote placed the
name of Andrew Jackson In nomination
for president. This established prece
dent, and two years later the legisla
tures of various states by solemn and
formal legislative enactment, placed the
names of their favorites in nomina
tion for the chief magistracy. .
..When Jackson did become president he
recognised the power of the political
use of the patronage of the office. He
used this power to build up a machine,
to establish the convention system and
to Inaugurate present day political par
ty methods. Every president since his
lav -has used the power of patronage
for political purposes, to an extent vary
ing with the personal characteristics of
the man in office and the necessities
of the occasion. ; .: .:
Iiartla Tan Bursa. '.'
- Jackson forced the nomination of his
enblnet minister, Martin Van Buren, as
Ms successor. He used the federal of
ire holders to get the nomination for
Van Buren. Mr. Roosevelt may have
utwt the office holders for a like pur
jir.ne. and the "allies" may have' cursed
liltterly, hut they said' the same things
uml breathed the same 'cursea which
vcre heard when Jackson was in the
White House. - ... i
The difference nowadays Is the in
creanlnir Importance of the primary. A
direct primary far- presidential nomina
tion has riot been suggested seriously,
a jet. But many suues are already
ncri ill n g the quextlon of Instructions to
iic!i'8ii by a nrlmary. Mr. Taft de-1-ntil
Mr. Rnosevelt in the California
);-pnlillran rietilscit this spring. Mr.
1 ivari was jrlven Instruction by tV'is-
.,.in and Alabama by a popular party
.vmplnlnts that delegates to eonven
i'fins r not left to do their will and
t. fi,lliw their jnl(tment but are drir
"i uiiil'r the whip by the control of
l e turfy )rdrr are often heard. Just
Bryan are called the "bosses" of the
two great parties. Yet a glance at the
past will show -that no ' party leader
can control delegates at a national con-
ro against tne will of the
masses of the partv. ' A lesripr nfiin
win. It was exciting,
ing. but It was not alw
1t was interest-
ways for the best. I F 1
than they have In these latter days. It
Is true but the very nature or a con
vention ' nre vents true deliberation. Del
egates left unhampered by Instructions
are apt to be swayed by . the most ar
tificial devices, they are very unlikely
to consider the genuine, needs of the
tiartv and country.
After -a while the ' people began to
object to the Introduction of. so many I
dark horses. Instructions to delegates)
became more frequently the expression
of the opinion of the party in a state
as to tne rotative menis or om ieaa-i
lng aspirants; less frequently a com-
pllment for a favorite son ana a oasis i
for trading and "dark horsing." The!
can oomDel tne drZt.. t.J.Jl primary election has given the voters
their own will If i. t... I control of the-nomlnatlo
What did the' power of the administra
tion amount to in ih. ...n in .A
nominate a candidate to succeed ArthurT
... u' DUt 11 ln vain. Mr. Cleve
land, like Mr. Roosevelt, had very pro
nounced ideas about ths civil service
and "pernicious activity" ln politics: but
they-d4d not prevent the power of the
Cleveland office holders from being used
ln conventions. What did it amount to
In Chicago in 1896 after Mr. Bryan
brourhtin the cross ot m mnA th
crown of thorns?, ' . - ,.'.
1 ' j.'."-. ' Oood Old Says. . ,
There was a time when tha national
conventions met without anyone being
able to forecast the outcome. There
would be a dozen candidates to start
with, and frequently a dark horse would
control of the-nominations for smaller
offices, and they are. reaching out to
control the greatest of them all. This
is the reason the national conventions
have become but ratification meetings
which formally register the will of the
party,
The tendency - toward : vesting more
power in tne primary means a great
change la American politics. Until this
time the greatest interest has bees., in
taklnr sides wltn some aspirant ana aia
Ing him to work the machinery In the
direction of "getting the nomination." If
the present tendencies are carried out,
the Interest in the future will be changed
to ' the business of taking Sides with
some Idea and aiding in the work of
."making the nomination."
skin
Fair, healthy.
n ana eaun skid powder.
satin (kla bestowed by Batla
we. -
TUT
For everybody. See our special line of
Porto Rican Straws, Reg. $2.50 vals.
A
TIIIS WEEK ONLY, ;
Our regular $6.50, $7.00 and $7.50
PANAMAS
Every, flat
Guaranteed
$485
Every Dat
Guaranteed
SALSBURY
. ,. HATS
-J t t i " (l V
Are In a Cl2ss by' Them
selves. A $3.C3 Cat far
SOLE ACENTS
CLOTHING
COMPANY
COMER aiOHRISON AND SECOND STS.
' . . . . . "
King of
Flaked
Foods
There are flaked
foods and flaked
foodsbut
the orig
inal flaked
w h e at
food was
J
It is stiU the leader that all others follow
. --It is made best, tastes best and is best
" The food that puts life into tired nerves
and worn-out muscles. Crisp, delicious
flakes of wheat combined with tne purest
barley-malt. ,,-,'
k " FORCE" is made el the best white whest. stesm-oooked,
--folled into thin flakes, combined with the purest barley-malt -and
baked. Always " crisp it before serving it by pouring into
pan end warming it is ores. Then serve in large dish with' "
cream, piling the flakes in one side "bl the dish sad pouring
ths cream is the other side, dipping the Bakes as eaten. '
i- v "; ; ' . . " ' . s . j-.-'-. . .- ;
Your Grocer sells it.
No ether Flaked Food is "just as good. '
WW
II
71
5
.a
. Sale Begins
Tomorrow, Saturday
Mi1 TiDHT) ifm
This will be the biggest Shoe Sale ever held in this city, as thousands of pairs of High-Grade Up-to-Date
Men's, Women's, Children's, Misses' and Boys' Shoes and Oxfords will be on sale at less than manufacturer's
' - . . ' cost. REMEMBER, these are air the newest styles , ; .
' "SAMPLES" from the best factories. So everyone can be ' r
suited at a bargain price; bring the-whole family down
Saturday. ', ''.
V.'
.ti l
mm
Remember, These Shoes Will De on
Sale at Dolli Stores
Cor. 1st and
Madison
M 38 Pair
-At 75c Pair
M 11.00 Pair
ildrenV a 'ft ' '
:rs, and I br
, in all lit - ' r '
loiee' of '. 1 k.
0
We have hundreds of pairs of
Children's Kid Shoes tans, reds
and blacks : . also ' Boys' and
Girls' Sandals, and Men's and Women's House Slippers,
worth up to $1.00. All go at 39c a pair. .
You can get Men's $1.50 Canvas
Oxfords, all sizes; v also Boys'
$1.50 Calf Shoes and Oxfords.
Misses' $1.50 and $1.75 Kid Shoes and Oxfords, Children's
Fine Patent Kid Shoes, Oxfords and Strap Slippers
Women's $1.50 and $1.75 White Canvas Oxfords
5iT4c , All crct af HKr r.ir
' e w w ve, r w a s . . , r . 'f ' . j"k
You can get your choice of ' Ml
hundreds of pairs of Misses
and Boys' Fine Kid and Pat
ent Leather Dress' Shoes and Oxfordsin blacks nd tans;
also Children's Shoes in all styles. This lot also contains "
Women's Patent. Kid, Vici Kid and Tan Oxfords and Shoes,
x worth up to $2.50, arid plenty, of Boys' Blucher Cut Calf
Shoes in all sizes. All go at $1.00 pair. -
At 1.-35 Pair
. iui viw u iuaav Dress Shoes and Oxfords,
. worth up to $3.50, in all new styles black, tans and pat
ents; this lot also contains Men's $2.75 and $2.50 Vici Kid
v .' Dress 'Shoes and Oxfords in black, tans and patents, all sizes,
ana tne very best ot .Boys' Dress bhoes and Oxfords in
blacks and patents; all sizes, all go at $1.45 pair.
At '81.95 Pair 5 oiiss i$
, Y Shoes in black, tans and pat
ents; every new style is here, including Pumps and Garden -Ties,
in all sizes and widths. In" i his lot you will also find
hundreds of pairs of Men's Dress Shoes and Oxfords, worth
up to $4.00, in all the leading styles in tans, black and pat
ents. Every foot can be fitted as we have all sizes and widths
in this lot.' ' . .-' . ' .
Gives you the choice of Wo
men's finest $4, $5 and $6
Custom-Ma rfi TSroee Clin, r
Oxford, Garden Ties and Colonials in tans, blacks and'
patents revery size and width is here. This lot also contains
Men's Finest $4, $5 and $6 Custom-Made Dress Shoes and
Oxfords in. lace, blucher or the new button in tane
and patents ; every shoe in this lot is a perfect gem. All sizs
and widths, so you can be, fitted. All go. at $2.65.
Remember, we have a style for everyNeye and a size-for
every foot, so come and get your footwear at Cut Rate prices.
THOUSANDS OF THESE SHOE BARGAINS WILL
am UN uisJLAY, SO COME AND
HELP YOURSELF.
-I l
w m
At $2.65 Pair
- r.
1.7 in jam .
ABflM- IP SHfTlC TOIIDC Pa Cor first
rnrplK-v-.. , ' ' S
208,
Morrison
& Madison
TREATMENT
WE UILL GIVE YCU ONE
UOPIIO'S TREATMENT
FREE!
It tov havs any contracted disor
der, blood trouble, rheumatism, or
any nervous disease, you will find
that our treatment will curs you
promptly, , painlessly and quickly.
uau ana se us. . .
Hours 1 a m. to t p. m. Sunday,
IMPONDERO THERAPY CO.
Ksrohants . Tnurt bldf. '
608
yFfiLSE TEETIIi
!akei leese, Drsppteg
-..uig,.! lurunrsise
Teetk fit perfeclly tight at
ue ursi sppUcstloi,
Cares Sars Sun.
Hakes srtats.swssi.
1 - -. ' n eV sa
WOOD4BD,
CXajRKB St CO,
- )
maw : ( r
XEXXXCX i
Wq CoolestPlace inTo vn
IS INSIDE A
Plev fiefricli Refrigerator
Keeps your food in perfect sanitary
condition 'and enables you to live a
' . lifetime.
ALL PRICES
ALL STYLES
J. cF.ilM!D)llY;
130 FIRSJT STREET, NEAR CORNER ALDER
Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Enamelware, Etc
M . j:.is lime ilr, Roosevelt and ilr. I