THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL1. PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING." MAY ID. 1808 y
WATER ROUTES OPEN
WAY TO
Joseph D. itosdell, President " of Hirers ,and Harbors
. Commission Addresses Congress on Requirements
: a of the Great River Districts. ' -r
Hon. Joseph D. Ransdell, the president
of th national rivers an naoors
grass, delivered an Interesting speech
on April , !. In the house of nepro
aentatlv, to which h took up the mat
ter of the improvement of river and
harbors.
Mr,-Ranedell fc been a constant
friend of th northwest and of the Im
provement of it river and harbor.
The entire speech Is well
The following are ex tracts theeftora.
..', ?I propone to discuss one of the most
Important questions confronting the na
tinh. tS.wlt: that of transportation as
effected by the P!P J?L"n,f?t ul
our waterways, Kvep cltlse: n "
terested In cheap transportation becaus
1 enters into u.e uauy iff or everyone;
it affects the food we eat, the c Ulhe
we nut on, our movements from place to
rlace. The more enlightened and civ
ilised a nation, the more perfect Its
methods of transportation.
Waterways from the earliest flays
were the best means of transportation
till the advent and development of rail
roads about 80 years ago, and they ar
atill the cheapest of all known methods.
While actual statistics are not ob
tainable Jtor aU ur waterways, I am
convinced that water transportation
costa only about one sixth as jnuch as
the average eost by rail.
Moreover, in many case delivery by
water Is muck quicker for heavy, bulky,
low class commodities Railroad freight
cars aloved in 1906 an average of only
26 mllea in 24 hours, and I believe an
elaborate atudy would show that boats
mo miles in tha same
Railroada are Vry limited in capacity,
and ther was fierce- congestion on
them not many months ago. On well
Improved waters, such a Long Island
- amundvhe-Great-Lake and tha Hudson
and lower Mississippi rivers, there is
practically no limit to the volume of
business that may be carried thereon
and no danger of congestion. -
Railroads are monopolistic corpora
tions, owned, opesated and controlled for
private gain. . Competition ovwr any
klven line I impossible, bocaus the
roadbed belong to the corporation.
Waterways are free roadbeds, tot tha
use and enjoyment of all the people.
Conditions for competition are perfect
on them, and they can never be monop
olized. No rate commission s needed
to fix freight rates on Improved water
courses. . ' 4
Most of the great annual expenditure
of our government are like the rain
falling- on the parched sands of the
desert, only to disappear and leave no
trace behind. But waterway improve
ments BUS- 4UVBSTHIBBM WBIta W1U
Xorever, ,
Tha $3,000,000 expended in giving a
85-foot channel to Boston harbor cheap
en ocean rates fully 100 per cent Co
the grain-grower of the west and the
cott6n producer of the south. The an
nual saving In freight rates exceed
the total cost of the project, and it
will remain a lasting benefit to hun
dreds of generations of Americans for
thousands of years after th p read
noughts of today have decayed Into
their original element and been for
gotten.'' '
No country on earth 1 better sup
plied, by nature with waterway than
ours, and though they hate been sadly
neglected In the past, I pray, in the
words of? Washington, uttered with
trt-onhetle wisdom 120 years ajro. "Would
to God we may have tho wisdom to
Improve them."
To sum up this branch of rny sub
left, permit me to say that we should
lniprove .- our waterway.- ;
- First. Because water transportation
is much' -cheaper than by rail, and In
many cases much quicker for th heavy,
proved lakes and rivers, the cost of
transportation is about ona-sixto. of th
average cost by rail.
. Second. Because th railroads are
congested and unable to handle the
commerce or the country. Experts as
sert mat during ids past lu years pro
duction has increased 126 per cent and
railroad facilities for handling it only
22 per cent ImDroved waterways
would rellev this con gestloa very na-
lenauy, u not entirely, ana would also
furnish healthy competition with re-
' Third. -.- Because our commercial com.
petitors Germany and France have so
inorougmy oaveiopea and improved their
-waterways ; And cheapened freight
charges that wa will be unable to com
pete, with them in the world's mar
Ice! unless we do likewise.
Fourth. Because Canada now has a
1 -foot raaal connecting the Great
" .".wLti tft ocean, and is planning
a. zl-foot canal through Georgian bay
and th Ottawa river, and we must
make a good connections with the sea
or the commercial nunromav r,
great port Is liable to pass to a Ca
nadian city.
Fifth, because we are spending vast
fums at Panama to connect two oceans
J.?naJ$, t,i 3eep. and make the
Jt,f,flJ waterway on earth.
Si,? ,i' 10 oaP 119 full benefits
our river must be so improved as to
ft .v0ur cotzrco to the sea quickly
ih.f tuy passing through
K,lSSI'i,mP enter any " of the
important harbors on our seaboard.
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PROSPERITY
; Sixth. Because waterway Improve
ments are as Imperishable as th solid
rock and concrete put of which they
are constructed. Ttoey ar permanent
Investments, returning to mo nation
eery year and for all tlme'a large Clvi-
rtanst unnn their enfit. i
On the 7th of last month I had the
honor to Introduce in this house a bill
to create a new executive department,
to ba known as the "department of
transportation and publw works," and
whose head shall be a member of the
cabinet. Lack of time prevents me
from discussing this bill fully, but
I will say in brief that it propose to
place under on department all federal
matters relating in any way to trans
portation by highways, railway and
waterways, and to such publlo works
of every kind and ort as require the
intervention and services of skilled ci
vilian engineer. -
Th term "civilian engineer" la used
ih contrast with the engineer of the
war department, who now have charge
of all .government works on th water
ways of this country, ad 1 wish to say
that In my Judgment we will never
mak a great success In improving
these waterways until we take them
entirely oat of the hands of th war
engineers. They are trained for war,
not, for water, and we must have) men
thoroughly educated in hydraulic or
water engineering, rather than in the
science of war, if we expect to set th
bent results. J
Now, gentlemen, 1 have the highest 1
regard and esteem for th splendid en-
frlneen corps of the army. 1 do not be
iave there is a better branch of th
Sublic servic tKah thes engineer. I
o not believe there Is a, branch which
has rendered more faithful, mora hon
orable,' more honest aud more painstak
ing service tnan tney nave, i am not
criticising them in the least, for they
have done their best with the oppor
tunities given them; but I am under
taking to criticise the American con
gress, which lia thrown upon thes en
gineers the task of carrying on the
works of! Improvement on waterway
under a most unbusinesslike and in
adequate system, from which it was
Impossible to secure good results in
deed, under a nondescript method of
non-aocompliehment which is absolute
ly unworthy the name of system.
What is that method? Why. air,
when any particular waterway la to be
improved in any part ot the country.
Its friends come to congress and ask
an order directing the engineer corps
to make a survey of It. A bill is then
passed commanding that it be done
under carefully specified limitations,
and under that order the engineers make
the survey. If everything is favorable
and the report satisfactory, congress
may adopt the- project and appropriate
part or me money necessary zor it.
The next -or some succeeding congress
may fall to , make appropriations, or
some amomous politician or engineer
may bring about a change of plan, and
the net result in most cases is inter
minable delay, with complete failure
in many.
Under our system the engineers hay
no right to make a general investiga
tion, no right to work out a comprehen
sive plan, and no right to make rec
ommendation in regard to anything ex
oept the one specific project submitted
to them. They are mere automatons,
mere machine surveyors, ordered by
cengress to do thus and so, and their
training at West Point as military men
compels them to obey order and do
what they ar told no more -and no
less.. - -'
I should like ts see a radical Vhangs
in this matter. I should like to sea the
department of transportation and pub
llo works created, and In St a bureau
of waterways presided over by th
greatest uydraullo engineer in tha union,
to be called the commissioner of water
ways,- aided and assisted by a number
of high-class civilian engineers.
I agree that our army-engineer corps
nave aone magnmcent woric, ana. no
man gives tnem nigner credit than i.
but Z do not believe we can cure the
disease by increasing their number. The
trouble goes deeper than that. We -must
go to the root of th system. Th
United States ' army engineers, are not
trained in hydraulics. Tha ten honor
men-of the graduating elass at West
Point, if I am correctly fl formed, are
selected annually and maced in the en-
ftneers corps. rhee young engineers,
resh from college, after . a brief so
journ in me army, are men sent out to
some work for Instance, - on the Mis
sissippi river, where they study tho ter
rible flood, and the levees and ravin
bank of that great stream, and are
kept there from one to three- year
Thence they may go to the mouth of the
Columbia, where the enormous wave
of the Pacific constantly pouring Into
that river and meeting its 'currents and
shirting sands, present problems en
tirely different from those on the Mis
sissippi. After one or two years on
the Columbia, they are sent, perhaps,
to your own great harbor lat Boston,
where the problems In rock dredging for
the S5-foot channel secured by your ef
forts are very different from those on
the Mississippi and the Columbia riv
ers. They work with the greatest dili
gence, as everyone does In Boston, and
after two .or three years are beginning
to get a little unaerstanamg or their
task when an order corner sending them
to Chicago, Detroit, or Cleveland, where
they -are kept about the same time,
Hours--10 ,.'m. to 5 f). m, 7 to 8
wrssUW'Vlth' the 'intricate and Mtl
cult problem of the great lakes. They
then o to Savannah or New Orleans and
build Jetties to wash the sand off the
Dars at in moutns,oi me miBBio"";
and Savannah river under plan devised
by th great civil engineer, James B.
TTaAm Vw. ..-a nrrhnnift theV T9
ent to, Yellowstone park to build good
road An : that grand playground of
Amur!. Then to the Philippines iu
ennstruot railroads and military roads,
at which they ar busied for one or
ti i',,n Thn ho cir tn Sati Francisco.
Lwhere they build fortification at, the
rn Men Jate." Then to ranama w
mif. tha rrsi miuI And finally they
are moved Into ectlv ervic with tho
army, th real business for whl they
were educated and trained. And In not
a single one of these positions, except
tne army ana lomricauon wu ,
tney kept Jong enough to maater the
problems . , - .
On of our ablest civilian engineer;
aval that It wnuM take the finest kind
of an engineer fully 15 or 20 year to
master the problems on moat any of
our great rivers , '
in my luagment, ir, we nuuiu
the excellent plan followed by .Ger
many and France. These wise nation
hav great schools where tney train
thai nlnMr In li vilrBllUCS and Other
branches of civil engineering, AM their
publlo work of every kind relating to
roads, railroads, and so forth, are placed
in tha hanria nf those skilled civilians.
nf rt si wmm nnira wh t nr-w v h. l-d igioi
who devote their whole lives to th task.
Army engineers are not employed in
civil works in either France or uer
many. Nor do the Canadians use arniV
engineers In Improving their great
waterway. Ana every siuuem iw
that thean three eountrlea are Tar aneaa
of the United States in the development
a nA hoAafltnl una nf their waters.
Now. Mr. Chairman, thi matter of
lmnrovins- our waterways nas on
called to the attention of the country
most persistently during the last two
or three year, and no man ha done
it more forcefully and Intelligently than
tha nraairiont nf tha United State. In
three messages to this congress he has
called parqcuiar attention to inu neces
sity oi aaopung a wi way v"-
this session, th necessity of chang
ing our policy now. Just a he want
other legislation now, he want water
war leal elation now. Let m read a
few of hi .utterances.
In hi annual message on iecem
ber S last, Mr. Roosevelt said:
Our a-reat river systems should be
developed as national water highways.
in national government snuuiu vuuor
tak this work, and I hope a beginning
will b made in the present congress.
Tha work ahoiild be systematically and
continuously carried forward In accord
ance with some well-conceived plan,
On F"hriirv 26 last, wnon trans
mitting to" .centres the preliminary re-i
rt or tne lniana waterways commn
sic. th president Bald:
Our people are united in support of
th Immediate adoption of a progres
sive policy of inland waterway devel
opment. Hitherto the national policy
or inland waterway development has
been largely negative. No single agency
ha been responsible under congress for
making the best use of our rivers or for
inforclng foresight in their develop
ment. . , ' .
My friends, let met emphasize that
proposition. No single agency has ever
been responsible for our waterways.
They have been in ail or our nisiory
a mere incident, a siae issue wnn one
bureau the engineer corps of the war
department a department which has
nothing- in common wun waterways,
only a si.de issue, with one bureau, In
a ri'anartmant which navs no attention
whatsoever to commerce Instead of be
ing the main issue In one devoted to
transportation and civil works. t
The president continues:
Frequent changes of plan and piece
meal execution of projects have still
further hampered Improvements.
Just as nay friend Mr. Humphreys
uggeted.' m ..
The first condition of successful de
velopment of our waterways Is a def
inite and progressive policy. The sec
ond Is a concrete general plan, prepared
by the best experts available, cover
ing every use to which our streams
can be put. We shall not succeed un
til . the responsibility for administer
ing the policy and ' executing and ex
tending tha nlans la definitely laid on
one man or group of men, who can he
neia accountaDie.
That la wh&t mv bill nronose to do
to place. this power In the hand of one
man ana one group or men, wno can
be held accountable.
Adenuate funds should be provided
by. bond issue, if necessary, and the
work should be delayed no longer. The
development of our waterways and the
conservation of our forests are the
two most pressing physical needs of
the country. They are Interdependent,
and tney should be met vigorously, to
erether and at once.
These af strona. wise words. Would
to heaven congress would harken to them
at oncel '
Only a few day ago, in a specie 1
Seeeage sent us en the r&th day of
arch, he says:
Ample provision should be made for a
permanent waterway commission, with
whatever power is required to make It
errective. ine reasonaoie expectation
of th people will not be met unless
the congress nrovldes at this session
for the beginning and prosecution of
tne actual worn or waterway improve
ment and control.
Mr. Chairman, on the 4th. 6th and
6th of last December a great water
way convention was held in this city
by the national river and harbors con
gress. Nearly J. 000 delegates were ac
credited to it, and tnere were repre
aantatlvea from 87 atatea nf this union
That convention voiced the opinion of
the American people wnen it declared
in favor of a "wise, liberal and com
prehensive waterway policy that will
provide for the proper Improvement
Wltnin tne next m years ox uie rivers,
waterwava and harbor of our country
th Improvement of which is Justified
by the present and prospective bene
fits to commerce;" when It asked con
gress to view river and harbor appro
priations a -an investment in perm'
nent improvements bound to pay in-
p.'rn Sunday, 10 to 12 tru' 'r
c4merican
Restaurant
OORSTEB ' tm I an AJTD OOTTOX BT&
' OPES DAT AJTD ZnOKT.
Dinner , frpra, 11, .a. m. to t p. in.
Chicken T soup free . with meala
Lettuce' lOrf Sliced Tomatoes 154
Lobster Salad, Mayonnaise dressing 20e
Fried Rasor. Clams, .15
fried snad ....1
Fried Halibut , t... ...... ......... .1
Fried Salmon ..,..,....,,......2
Fried-, Tenderloin of Sole. . Tartar
Eauce -..2
v.uiDU ............ v t-- '
Steamed Little Neck Clams ......
Clam Bouillon with toast ...... .j. .
Boiled Beef-Tongue. Spanish,...'..
Chicken Pot Pie ................
Scrambled Carves Brain .......
Pork Tenderloin,, country tyl..v.
Olympla Oyster Patties .........
Stuffed Breast-. of Veal
Chicken Croquettes, green peas..,.
veal isausace ana BDinacn ...... .
Short Ribs of Beef, brown potatoes ZO
Pickled Lambs' Tongue. potato
saiaa - ,zvc
Stewed Codfish, family style ....15
Corned Beef Hash and Egg. ...... 16
Beef Stew, Mexican ...... 15
Pork and Beans ..........15
Half Spring Chicken, on toast... 5Q
Roast Chicken with dressing.., .. .30
Roast Veal with dressing . ....
Roast Pork with dressing . . . ,
Roast Raaf with brown gravy..
RoastLamb with Mint sauce. ... .20
Sliced Tomatoes 15 Sliced tjucum-
bers lOet Radishes 5 Green On
ions Be? Asparagus on toast 10c
Spinach S Strawberry thorlcake IS
Strawberries and,ream IS Straw
berry Ice cream rtO. Coffee, bread
and butter and potatoes with all meals.
Dinner from 11 a. m. to S p. m.
creasinr dividend from year to "year;"
whan it- iira-feii annual appropriations
of "not less than S50,000,00(S,r for water-
ivi arm nmmiaed lta iuddoti lo a
"bond lasuo. similar in character to
that for buildins- the Panama canal, if
same be found necessary." (Loud ap
plause).. It g-ave expression to the idea
dominant in the business world of
Amrt that water transoortatlon Is
essential to our commercial prosperity
and that It should be developed to the
utmost without delay.
In addition to the prosiaenrs snes
ages the action of th rivers and har-
hnn nontrresa and many Similar
waterway conventions, the universal de
mand or the commercial world, even
including: railroads, and the United
Press, we have all the candidate for
president clamoring for -waterway Im
provements. What, then, is the trouble, and why
do we delay? Do not fool yourselves
Into believing the country will excuse
?ou because ota probable deficit In the
reasury. It "noes" not require much
cash to Inaugurate great engineering
but you should authorize them and let
the good work begin: then, if funds
are not available in the future, as the
work proceeds, bonds may be issued,, as
for the Panama canal. I am no advo
cate of bonds if we can get along wltfc.
out them, but I cheerfully voted au
thority to the president to Issue bonds,
for the Panama canal when necessary,
and beinfc convinced that the Improve
ment of our Internal waterways would
benefit us much more than that canal
ever will, I will vote bond for water
ways If they can ba improved in no
other way.
By all mean let us have river and
harbor legislation at this session. I bag
of you to consider the gravity of this
situation, and Implore you not to let the
session pass without legislation looking
to a broad, comprehensive plan for Improving-
all of our-waterways. '
Mr. chairman and gentlemen, permit
me to suggest that this question is up
to you." and you must solve It or be
held accountable. Like Banquo's ghost,
it will not down, but must bo .settled,
or at least placed In the process of ad
justment at this session of congress.
You can not delay it or dodge it. You
must say "yea, yea," or "nay, nay I"
(Loud applause.)
HLEnir.
TECHNICAL ARTS
Apprenticeship Problem Is
. Discussed at Meeting of
Society in Chicago.
The National Society for the Pro
motion of Industrial Education has Just
Issued its bulletin No. 6, consisting of
the first part of the proceedings of the
nnual meeting held in Chicago.
Among; the addresses 'printed in full
is that of W. B. Prescott, secretary,
supplemental - trade education commis
sion of the International Typographical
union. He states: "Ho one connected
with Industrialism in any capacity
either as employer, superintendent' or
employe will Question the efficacy of
an apprenticeship system as a means
of promoting Industrial efficiency, the
old ahop ystem of apprenticeship has
gone, not because workers or employers
wanted It or did not want it. Its pass
ing is an' incident of industrial progress.
But as it appears ' to practical men ot
today, some such method is necessary.
How to supply It is a problem that
has many phases. It may interesTTou
to know how one of the great trade
unions proposes to meet the situation.
The Tytoranbtcal union is in its aims
and objects, as well as historically, typ
ical of tb trade union movement - It
ha a membership of between' 40,000
and 60,000 who are practically unani
mous in favor of an apprenticeship
system.'' A commission was established
to formulate some system for the -technical
education of the members and
apprentices of the Typographical union
and the result was the establishment
of the International Typographical
union course of instruction .In printing
which la fully described by Mr. Pres
cott .
various Apprentice Plan.
The apprenticeship system of th
New York Central lines is treated by
J. F. Deems, the general superintendent
of motiv power, and by C. W. Cross,
the superintendent Of apprentices. -
The cooperation .between th Univer
sity of Cincinnati and some of the
manufacturers of that city la the sub
ject of th paper by Professor H.
Schneider, dean of the College of En
gineering. He aaid in part: "The
work contemplates that the young man
taking it shall work alternate week in
shoos in the citv and in the university.
There aro about 76 of these young men
with us now, and this week, - for in
stance, about half are In the shoos and
half are in the university. Next week
tney vui sr.iit, tnose at tne university
(hM Week w,Ul go . to the shops,' and
those at the shop will com to the
university. - --'- .a
"Thesa vouna- men are paid for- their
shop work on. a seal of wage which
bealns at trie rate of 10 cents an hour
and Increases at the rate of a cent an
hour every six months. They are paid
only for the time In the ahop. every al-:
ternate Week during; the School year and
every week in the summer, except the
two weeas vacation. " a numner ot
shops, however find these men go ef
ficient that they are now navlne- them
for the week they are at the university."
This bulletin also contains the ad
dress of Dr. Henry & Prltohett, at that
time presiaeni oi m society, ; wnerem
he ? states: "Th - underlying purpose
which gav birth to this association
which icall Itself the National Society
for the Promotion of Industrial Edu
cation;, -. la the thought that we are no
longer fitting oiir youths for their -opportunities
In"- the way In which they
must be fitted. In this day every na-
tion must make of each citizen an ef
fective, economic unit and then must
bring the units Into efficient organi
sation. "W in America are today not
doing this. It is equally to the" inter
est of th ' worklngqian, of the manu
facturer, f tha teacher, of tho.cltl
sen, that th . boys aud the girls may
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s . ' ZAZVt Washington Street," Corner Seventh ' , v
OFFICE HOURS 8 A. M.'to 6 P. M.ljXO p 8:30 P. M. ; SUNDAYS 9 A. M. to 1 P. M.
'" V PHONE MAJN 2119 TWELVE YEARS IN PORTLAND , V
find an open door . to "opportunity : by
which they may t it ihemeelye to i b
effective men ana women, m ia tnuua
trial Mfe of pur nation."
"Cfcolo Most B Kadfc
Her also is the full textof Dr.
Rltnt'a anopch which has been th sub
ject of much discussion amon a educa-J
tstra Ma icMr '-f'rtain children Willi
go into incjustrlal schools, other into
tne orainary nign icaomi ana uueri
again into the mechanic art - high
school. Where, is that decision' .to be
madf It must be a choice, or a. selec
tion. Her we com upon " new func
tion for the teacher in our elementary
school, and In my judgmenVtney hav
no function more important. The teach
ers of the elementary schools ought to
sort the pupil and sort them by their
evident or prohable flast'Thles."
Previous bulletins of the society swr
devoted to a "Symposium on Industrial
Education," a ''Bibliography on indus
trial Kducation" -and a study nf "In
dustrial Education for - Women." Fu
ture bulletins will Include th balahca
of the proceeding's x)f the Chicago met
ink and the report of the various com
mittee which are Investigating spei-lsj
phases of industrial education, such as
th boot and shoe Industry, " textiles,.
4fca.aafcmataBaat,ahaSZZ5akfem.awtaataaM
mm:
1L
:.4 ' '"..
rs
A w
esooi
t! til'
FIFTH AND STARK STREETS
epiaosmy
TO SECURE THE BEST
AVAILABLE DENTAL SERVICE
Our claim for your patronage" is basecf upon 12
years' continuous practice in Portland, with a steady
growth of business each year, until today we .erijoy
the largest dental practice in the northwest.
We have kept fully , abreast of the times, and
never spared any expense to secure the most approved
appliances that will aid in producing the most satis-'
"-factory results. - l" - ;i" .z'." ;X
tH A A
tDDUU
building trades, .machine trade. Indus
trial training ror gins ana coy from
14 to 16, publlo technical school and
puouo ; evening -inaustriai sctjooi. .
im HOLDS UP MAN , .
, IN HIS OWNER'S SHOES
Alert Canine, Recognizing Footgear,
Detains ( Stranger Till Po- "
' lice Come.' - '.
Atlantlo City, -N. X. May 9. Discov
ering a stranger wearing a pair of hi
master's -hoes, "Jake'! a. watchdog in
the pharmacy of Dr.. O. M. Hayes Dee
mer, .attacked Jame Robinson, - wearer
of the shoes on th Boardwalk' today,
and held him until -tha arrival of do-
Ucemen. Robinson said he believed tho.
dog intended to chew him alive, and his
T reams caused great excitement,
r. iJeemer bad presented the shoes
' -
T-,f-r
SSSSS2aBESS8ZSSSaSZSS&SSBS5SEU
BEST SET OP TEETH o AA
ON RUBBER PLATE. tPO.UU
4
La Lm WHITE, O klmt mt Mtmtt.
"CENTLE DEMTISTRT" '
tm WAtmUBTM IT., CDt. Iimi MORI Man .7M .
Mnsaau IrutalU. tw S4(Ur4-KaUr Mai fun "
to th tnan, who cam her from Phila
delphia end waa making a bare living
by dolna odd Jobs. Shod in the slightly
worn foot envprinsrs; Robinson was pas
inr the drnir nlmA whan tha iln. j-n
Lcate olfactories scented - his . master'
shoes. .
H-obinsnn j-s-lsted on" returning the
shoes .'ratlirr. than take another chance
of belnn takit tor a thief by the dutf
detective. . -v - ,
iiralll