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,iiii - ,v iiiS v ; m&m MitMmim
;-.:'-'; -r, V,-; rff x ' : . . M. -'-''.. EreAtest amount of rood. vv. '';. J ' ' ' -;':Ti'.'
ttkSVv f v f inancial Madness ot Alan s war .ssta-jraanssssatrA , xiei.B'CT:'
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. ,S4III
Financial Madness of Man's War
Little
on wis
F f million or more dollars is lost
: through the mismanagement 6 f
a bank or other fiduciary a tn-
4 A
ititution, "Jfi arouses a wave of protest -ernment. research. To ,maintain the pros
Shroutfout the country. 1 Yet a xearh losf verity of the farmer and the crop producer
; taual to the enttre capitalization of the na
tional banks of the land creates no com-
i r i. r .t 't.i - . i ..I.
ment whatever.
. A m t m v
"'When we try to realize the enormous
. . i . .1 f .t i ' j..; ' .
sum that is lost through the depredations
of insects and rodent pests we wonder ati
.the apathy of the Public Government ex
perts tell us that it amounts to at least
$806,000,000 in the United States a year.
1 f Through the loss of birds, by their
M wanton destruction and a failure tb protect
1 them, the agricultural and forestry interests
af. the country are suffering steadily.' borne-
iithing must be done to save the birfisl"
'.f.These statements were made at the re
cent meeting of the National Association
The ballad singers and the Troubadours, ,
The street musicians of the' heavenly city, v
The birds, who make .sweet music for .us. all
In our dark hours, as David did for Saul.
'' :;). Longfellow.
N ANNUAL loes exceeding the capitalization
of the .national banks of the country because
, ot an insufficiency of birds think of It! i
, " TThe public," says Mr, Dutcher, "simply
does not realize what is going dn."
V And this loss has been increasing from year to
year, one might, almost say. Imperceptibly. ' Like the
moth that eats the garment unseen, inaecta have been
V destroying . annually more . than $200,000,000 worth of
cereals, $60,000,000 worth of cotton, $53,000,000 worth of
hay,' $53,000,000 worth of truck crops, $27,000,000 worth
Of fruit, $175,000,000. worth of animal products. The loss
v to tne sugar crop is about I5,000,00u, to the tobacco
A
if y crop, 500,000, and to miscellaneous other crops,
J Hr. $5,800,000. .- i . 1
rciXftiln,. no -country ,-ia tha world,',' wrota C JU- Marlattr
assistant entomologist of the Jjepartment of Agricul-
uu iiikicij jinpuiti h neivicr i un arm prog
ucts than in the United States. -
i ' " "The losses resulting from the depredations of In
,;s facets on -all the plant products ' of the coll, both In.
j - their growing and in their stored state, together with
? those. on livestock, exceed the entire, expenditures of
i . the national government,.l.inc)uding the pension roll :
V and the maintenance of the-army-and-the navy."
Alarmed by the enormous losses to the crops be-
cause of Insects, societlea In all parts ot the country
.. have become aroused, and nlan a vigorous -crusade to
'protect the birds and --encourage their increase,
(ii'-f:.' At, a meeting of the International Conference of
.. ;; .. woiion urowers, spinners and Manuracturers, held in
v,; Atlanta. Ga., resolutions were passed calling upon tne
'" : . national government and atate legislatures to co-oper-a
: :ir; k ate In the bird rescue work of the Audubon societies.
' ' : Within the next year campaigns will be carried ort
5 in' the various states by the societies for the purpose
? of obtaining protective legislation and encouraging the
v establishment of bird refuaes in winter. .The member.
' ship of .the Audubon societies is about one thousand.
, Through these organizations, however, thousands of
y. other persons are reached and their sympathy en-
iteiea in cenait or me oiros.
It is significant that In New. JersVy the national
association ha. .secured the co-operation of many of
12 the gunning and sportsmen's clubs In advocating an
J? antl-apring-shooting bill. Which. . it Is - believed, will J
WORK BETTER THAN MEN
r The value of the work of the' friends of the birds
can -be realized , only when onk grasps the losses re-
: suiting xrom tne ravages, or insects. Because of the
- 'j', inability of nature'a own warriors against the destruc-
' tlve pests, man has bad to resort to poisons and chem
.? leal spraya.-'-s-i -;vi. ,v .',.-, , ,
f , Before the method of controlling the cotton worm
J btr tha use of arsenical was made common knowledge,
v. the cottonwon levied a yearly tax of $30,000,m Be-
fore the uso of -sprays on apple trees, the" coddling
s J moth' ate .up i-e-achv year front ,$UO00,eO0 to $20,000,000
t - more" than -at presenfv And even the use of chemicals
Ms not entirely '..effective. The birds, the little, alert.,
i ",-keen-eyed birds, -are nature's 'own' weapons and the
, f natural foes of .the; Insect enemies,. r . r
At present, according to government reporta. the
percentage, oi rrop. joases rrom living agencies rarely
exensniv damage. It may run as high as 5ft per cent.
; Insects work so quietly; they live away their, evil
little Uvea unnoticed and often unknown; fhey work
' their destruction truths dark;, so to speak, almost be
; yoBd ,the reach of man. For man, bier and strong a
t tie Is, is unable to cop with- such insidious fuei. Only '
i oe orient nine ty oi a oira can see tne um on tha '
tree top which may do damage reaching thousands of.
dollars In a season. t - - -. v. !. :
The ravage of the Ressiatt fir. when TlcmnM fn
iTi'.lars and cents, nave amounted to about 0.000,000-
l'er this amount you could tnilld several battleshlDS.
a. .. -
11 y l.''!! l:v;'iy i llll:lv
Friends
r of Audubon Societies by William DutcKert
the president: In his appeal he :s flowed
startling facts facts borne out by gov-
the nation must stop the slaufhter of the
i;f .-....-. 't'. i ?.
'V little creatures whose work is so extensive
so important ana yet so unootrustve.
rwm - a.a
y t to save the btrds the association plans
-jr.a' ii.r. .. j
to redouble its ettorts this year, a cam
paign has been begun for a federal law to
protect all migrating birds. A war is being
waged against the use of feathers on hats.
In Massachusetts persons wearing parts of
insectivorous or song birds for bodily orna
ment are liable to arrest. In, England,
Queen Alexandra, whose influence is al
most absolute when she speaks of fash
ion has put the ban on the osprey plume.
The. battle for the lives .of the little birds
bids fair to becom world wide. .
Working underground, grubbing Its lite away, the
'corn root -worm does annually damage that causes
a loss of $20,000,000. Then there Is an army, of such
creatures as blllbugs, wireworma, cutworms, army
worms, stalkborera, locusts," grasshoppers, corn-plant
lice, totaling about, fifty species, which annually de
stroy about $20,000,000 mora of corn. Other insects
make the corn loss 'run. up to $80,000,000. -
These : Insects, Just by killings, themselves, could
save the farmers enough money to build about 30,000'
comfortable' homes each year. , ' " ' ' .. . : .'. '
That eatanic creature, "the. boll weevil, does vast
damage each year In Mississippi, Oklahoma,' Arkansas,
Louisiana and Texas. Its ravages amount to $20,000,000.
The cotton-leaf worm haa succumbed somewhat to ar
senic, and his yearly toll haa decreased from $30,000,000
to $5,000,000 or $10,000,000. The cotton losses in all "now
aggregate $60,000,000. ' (." "1' -
And yet, we go on killing the birds!
EVEN STORED GRAINS SUFFER"
- . " - , t........,,A.i,..vf..-.. ,
A general loss of $100,000,000 is put on the deficit
: pages of the nation's ledger annually because of the
forages of rapacious creatures among stored products.
Eggs deposited in grain eggs. that the birds ordinarily
. should destroy mature when the grain is stored. For
: thls item of loss the government could nearly run the
Navy Department; which is -considered Quite expensive,
with Its budget of $110,000,000. - - . .,..".
"It is the consensus of opinion," Mr. tutcher as
serts, "that ail song and Insectivorous birds are. much
ago. Many formerly common ' species,- in fact;- bava -
become extinct." .-v-. .
Among those that -have been decreasing steadily '
In number are the bluebird, the robin, the meadow -J
. lark, the flicker, the ntghthawk. The passenger pt- .;
geon, In the opinion of the best authorities, is virtually
extinct.---'''.- .. '--r -.. .; ".:-1',.-?r.-
The annihilation of this bird is one of the most piti
ful tragedies .of bird life. Not many years ago these
beautiful birds were slaughtered by the wagonload in
ineir Dreeamg places, 'xrees, in me orancnes or wnicn i ,
they built their nests,
, were cut down; and tbe squabs '-' '
' b?Sed and carried off. -Sulphur was burned
11 ,?XiJZ2Sl
Iv.TCk.SS
cluS?'d
- J v aiwH.-. mru-, kill .a J aaapa y w muiJi TiBSVW TV VI Q
bbed or shot. - ..-,, , .
The wood duck. too. hastfallen a victim to ruthless
Hunters, and is rapidly disappearing, unless
means
are taken to protect the bluebirds, authorities say, they
are imeiy to jensn. y ntoia numners oi rooms ar
-slaughtered. ? .-.y.; .-i '.;. f.--t;..' . '' -...-'.'.. a'-
"In central Tennessee,'" says Mr. Duteher, "ar i
larae tracts of cedars, the berries af which arv a
attract myriads of robins In the winter. One small
; hamlet In this district sends to market annually ,
oiiuukd ruuins to . return wuu, a-i a cents per aocen,
i equal to 120,000 blrds ' My Informant ' naively say:
They are easily caught" at night In the roost in young
cedars; we go to the roost with a torch and kill them
with sticks; others climb the trees and catch tha rob
ins as .they fly n.' ' !'' H--.- -.. -; : --; -v.'
, "One-of the 'Officers- of the Louisiana Audubon So
ciety tarnishes the following information regarding
robin slaughter In hi pwn state: They are commonly -killed"
for home consumption and for marketing,-a con- '
Wiervative estimate of the number killed annually being '
from a quarter of a million In ordinary , years to a
minion wnen tney are unusually pienttful. During 1 ha r
last winter one gunner killed over 300-robins in one
day, and In one Village In the state tbe boys and young ''
' merr are vying with each other for reeord In robin '
. killing, the present -high core being 20 birds in one
: day." Better, by far, sentiment than slaughter, as the
i one preserves, and In other destroys what i of greats
value, as will be proved later. .. ; i .
i -. ''The. value-of tha robin as an Insect exterminator '
. may be Judged by an analysis of It tood: lniects, .
,43.78 per cent; wild froit, 43.234 vegetable, 8.22, and eul-
ilUH VIIIJ f.M. uia VH luw uuuiiia siw mil
examination of 830 tdmachs. ;!
- "We have reached the extreme limit of pfOteeClv
1 ' 1 -?,! , ' l.-'
' work until our income is largely Increaaad.- Our out
lay tba last year waa some thousands Ot dollars more .
than our Income. Right here is an opportunity for
soma of the wealthy philanthropists of the country to
plaoe soma of their riches where It. will be doing tbe
, greatest amount of good. : , ,'.s".'.
X)ur work is; to tetch people to protect - wild life,',
, and we. teach the. ralue of birds to. the agiicultural '
' and forestry interests. Wo stand for tba non-political
Appointment In the offlce of game commissioners; and J
demand that such offices shall be filled. by .sclentjnp J
experts;. we stand for civil service in tba appointment
of game wardens.' We stand for the abolition of spring
shooting, aa it has resulted in the rapid decrease of
t many , species of birds. We urge the passaga of laws
providing for gun licenses. In order to curtail bunting
by Irresponsible persons. . . r ' 1 "
. ". "Was also urge such laws for. the purpose of pro
vldlng funda for. protection and propagation of game
and to render unnecessary the levying of k taxes, for.
such objects. A 4; '-.. .,'..-,. . .,v--.
"We urge the passage of laws prohibiting the, cold. .
storage of game of any kind. We urge federal protec-
tlon for all migratory birds, fortha reason that It Is ..
nr&cucaiiy tmDosBibi to .ecur. uniform ta.t im in
time to Drtvent th fllwiPDearancw of everal sneclet
: of btrdi that art now known to be on the verfo of
extinction." . -. .'--.-. - t,. ;
Ona of the mort Important phases of the work of
the society- haa been Ita propaganda of education,
throuaft which It reaches hundred ef ' thousand of
people living- In Isolated and agricultural communities.
Learning of the value of birds, they take an Interest
and aid in their protection.
For many birds the society urges tba putting up
- of woodpiles and piles of evergreens In winter and the
distribution of food. Because of the severity, of a win
ter some years ago tba bluebird waa nearly anni
hilated. '.
THE MOST USEFUL SPECIES
Among Insectivorous birds which are most useful
and most deserving of the protection of man are the
' redbreast, marsh hawk, the flicker, the meadow lark,
the.klildeer, the American goldfinch, tbe scarlet tana
ger, the barq owl, the Baltimore oriole, tha nlghthawk,
.the tree sparrow, the sparrow hawk, the yellow-billed
'Tuckoo, the red-shouldered' hawk and tha rose-breasted 1
. grosbeak... Wherever the potato beetle Is found you
.find the rose-breasted grosbeak.
, - Until im this beetle lived near the base of the
Rocky mountains feeding upon the sandburr. Then it
began a march-East, traveling at - the rate of fifty
miles a year. -It reached the Atlantic coast In 1874.
Farmers suffered enormous losses. They were in
despair. Then, providentially, this little songster de
veloped a strange, voracious taste for the hard-winged
beetle. And this bird now saves the farmer hundreds
of thousands of dollars each year.
j most persistant roe. - . ,....
' - The bluebird la one of the moat Indefatigable of In-,
sect exterminators. According to Professor Beat, of
the Department of Agriculture 78 per ' cent, of tha
bird's food consists of insects and their allies. Beetles
constitute 28 per cent, of Its food: crasshoDDera. 22 ner
.'-.cent., and caterpillars. 11. . -
During the' nesting season the Indigo, bunting con--,
. aumes many noxious insects. The young birds demand
animal food, and all sorts pf harmful beetles and bugs
fall a prey to tha parents. The bird Is essentially a
seed eater, but eats the seeds only of weeds, and la
' one of the most potent weed scavenger among tha
. winged tribes. - ... . .... . - -.-'-. -
, Thistle seeds are a favorite article ot diet with the ;
. American goldfinch. This' little, golden, creature, eats
those seeds which most birds' shun. 'Among the birds '
which have been rapidly decreasing in number. la tha
bartramian sandpiper. It is commonly known aa the
t "upland -Clover." or in the West aa the "Oralrle nl- '
-geon." -t'Durteg th loeust invasions of the -West yaarg-vr.r
; ago, writes ju. . rorousn, "tnia wra savea many a i
crop for the farmers,; and laws were passed to protect V
it AH this seems forgotten now." The sandpiper is
said to be one of the most Inveterate foe of grass .
hoppers.. . . . . . .- - - ,- . ;'i'
- The scarlet tanager works mostly high up in that
tree tops, while he eats insects which many other btrds
. overlook..-' . ....)-. - -i. , . , -.v-i;,.-
An important work of . the Audubon-fiocletv was-
the establishment of reservations for sea birds. On -
one island alone there are protected 40,000 feeding pe
trels. ,The protected pelican colonies along the Florida
?. ...... ... JH J J 1.11.1. . . . 1 " . 1 M .k..
ua.uon c?-"Ve'
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