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PORTLAND H ARBOR, .
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(P EMTHANCE TO
CASCADE LOCHS vv
RAN'SPORTATION' is rcc-.K-
nizcd as the controllinij fact r
in a country'1; (lcvc!"pmnt am!
growth, and that nation or jc-
I pie which moves its product-.
the cheapest will necessarily control
commercially, if not governmcntally.
Fortunate indeed is Portland's lorn
tion from this standpoint, and form
nate alvj is the entire Oregon coun
try. From time immemorial tin
waterways have been used to trans
port the products of the country. It
is the cheapest form of transporta
tion known to man and can tie mo
nopolized by no one. Of late, owinn
to various causes, the great value of
our waterways arc beginning to be
appreciated, and the movement for
their improvement, while starting in
a small way, has now gathered such
strength and momentum that noth
ing can withstand it. Kvery one
now in Oregon, Washington and Ida
ho stand united on a platform which
has but one plank, "An open river
from the mountains to the sea."
But few words are required to ex
plain this feeling on the question.
The mighty Columbia river ri-cs ,"ar
to the north of us in British Colum
bia, and its sweep to the sea drains
250,000 square miles of territory.
This river is navigable, and is navi
gated, for long stretches broken here
and there by obstructions, the im
provement of none of which presents
any engineering difficulties. Hy their
improvement the shackles of monop
olistic control will be broken, and
th great country tributary to It will
forever have the use of a weapon
that will control and regulate freight
rates.
The Snake river flowing into it
fcbout 400 miles above its nvnith is
navigable now to Lcwiston and can
be made navigable for many miles
more. The Willamette river, drain
ing the valley of the same name,
joins the Columbia river 100 mile
tbove its mouth, and these rivers to
gether form the key to the transpor
tation problem of the northwest.
Portland, at the junction of the Co
lumbia and Willamette rivers, has by
both water and rail the commerce of
an empire passing through its gates.
tor many years all these rivers
have been navigated. lint those
owning the railroad lines also owned
many of the boat lines, and the lat
ter form of transportation was al
lowed to fall into "innocuous desue
tude." P.ut the awakening came, and
J f A
Pelican 8a v Portion oHHe Upper Klamath Lakes and as a
Fiihtnt and Summer fLesort i iS Unsurpassed, a & X
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there are tlio.se vslhi carry on this j$Kl ' f?i '1'
figlit, fraught withsuch consequences f f tf
i HE MOUNT HOOD RAILROAD. 1 H lf ll
i mmtt, tit ii aw
line of transportation through IVlWitV ft f t
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C006' HEAD 47
COOS BAY, OhZECrON .
Co inn iiii for nearly Mil) miles, ami
then one obstacle after another vv il
today the boats arc again churning be surmounted until the boat wlm-c
its waters on the upper Columbia,
as well as on the lower stretches, and
when the improvements now in prog
ress are completed one will he able
to go by water not only through the
heart of the great state of Wash
ington, to the Jlritish Columbia line,
but also far into the interior of Idaho.
Not only will this be done, but hand
in hand will go the conservation of
th ' water power and the utilization
of the streams for the purposes of
irrigation. Jt is a l,r.!d man who
would venture to foretell the enor
mous possibilities that lie in these
rivers for the development of the
northwest. This much is certain, no
one true to this great section can
be otherwise than loyal to it.s water
ways. Nor has the state of Oregon been
backward in aiding improvements
with its own mom y. The state of
Oregon alone has expended nearly
$3,000,000 on its waterways.
Individual citizens, and communi
ties have given thousands of dollars
and what is more have labored un
ceasingly for the "open river." They
have united in establishing boat lines
which should receive the loyal sup
port of every one Not in a spirit
of malice, but in that of good will,
for in a common pro.perity all share.
We are ou the eve of success.
ROOUE R.ISER. .AT PROSPECT, ORE , .a.
... i
'O
I
BOAT LANDING AT HOOD Rl V R. . OR, .
tension to Mount Hood, it will become
the terminus of the route for all
tourists to Cloud Cap inn or those
contemplating an ascent of the moun
tain, that is free of dust, comfort
able, rapid, and along which inter
esting scenes will so beguile the time
that it will be all too short.
The Mount Hood railroad was
b;:ilt by the Oregon Lumber com
pany, which has vast interests in
timber and mills in the northwest and
operates several other roads in con
nection with them besides the Mount
Hood. Behind it is David Kccles, the
well known financier of Salt Lake
City, and several other' prominent
men who have developed many in
dustries in Oregon, Washington,
Idaho and Utah. It is under the
management of W. H. Eccles
president, and Charles T. Early
the sandy loam of the river bottom,
the black and lighter colored alluvial
soil of the prairie, and the red soil of
the uplands. The sandy soil is a
deep, warm soil, easily cultivated,
never muddy, and yields excellent
crops of all kinds The black soil,
formed from the wash of the foot
hills and coast range mountains, is
deep and fertile, carrying large quan
tities of organic matter. The upland
soils are usually of a reddish color,
due to a predominance of iron. They
are not quite so productive as the
black soils of the prairie, but have a
natural drainage, and can be worked
earlier and more thoroughly than the
prairie lauds.
Many farm:; in eastern and western
Oregon have been yielding wonderful
its crops for 10, 15, 20 and even 30 years,
its without any particular attention tt
Unity of purpose, joint action, is all
that is required. A determined ef
fort will put the Celilo canal project
on a continuing contract bais. ( )u
this basis the work can be completed
in three vear-. This frees the great
l HE MOUNT HOOD RAILROAD
EXT to the building of a main
mo of transportation through
Hood River, the construction
of the Mount Hood railroad is
probably the most important
in its history. Traversing the
big apple orchards of Hood River
valley, it is destined to play a most
prominent part in the transportation
of Hs fruits and provide a means of
event
whistle wakes the echoes of tlu
Selkirks will on completing its , ..n
find re--t on the spent swells of the
it the docks of Astoria.
The same resolve must animate us
in making the beautiful Willamette
really free. This state has done its
share. Let us insist the next con
gress must do its share. 1- rom r.u- getting it to market that has already
gene to Portland, the whole length reached the problematical stage,
of the valley, this river can ami While the road was primarily built
should act as the burden bearer To to provide an avenue id transporta
the people of Portland no urging tion for the output of the Oregon
should be necessary to maintain the Lumber cnnpany's big mill, devclop
intercst they have always shown in ments planned by the company in
this work. It is inevitable that a elude an extension as far as it is
great city will rest between the rivers, practicable to go, and eventually to
It is manifest destiny. Without so cover the valley with branches and
these waters there is no explanation spurs as to give prompt and efficient
for Portland's growth. With them service to all parts of it.
pera
superintendent, the latter having fertilization. There are lands in east
charge of the actual operation of the ern Oregon that have been farmed
for 30 years. They have never been
fertilized, and yet produce 22 to 40
bushels per acre, and fall wheat has
been known to make 65 bushels. The
land has no appearance of wearing
out.
road, the former devoting most of
his attention to the big lumber
' plant.
OREGON'S PRODUCTIVE SOIL.
So wonderful is the stability and
productiveness of the soil -of Oregon MARBLE AND LIMESTONE DK
that actual facts and figures in refer- POSITS,
ence to products are looked upon The most extensive marble and
with suspicion and often discredited limestone deposits on the Pacific
by eastern farmers. The centuries' coast arc those of Upper Cherry
wear and tear of the elements, glacial creek. Josephine county. There are
action or other causes, has disintc- between 90 and 100 acres of marble
grated and ground into the finest soil exposed in these deposits. The marble
wide areas of what was forbidden rises sheer from the mountain side,
beds of lava. towering in great cliffs more than 100
The soil of the great wheat grow- fect high Whjc the dcposits have
ing region of eastern Oregon is a been am, are hejllR quarricd to con.
clay loam, slightly lighter in color on sidcrahic cxtcnti thcy arc practicaiy
the hills. It is exceedingly easy to llntoncllC(I when the vast quanti, of
.work, when in proper condition, and stone they contam arc considt.red
makes a very fine seed bed. I he p,csi(lcs ,he n,ar,ie itscf the dcpos.
capacity o. i.ns so ,,, r )ts are (f RU.at conlmerciai vah,e as
GIFFOKD PALLS. BASE OF MT. HOOD
penetrates into it. After a period ot
f-f-i imtfl riin tti nrfnr nortinn
and can be bought for half the price fully equipped. To make this possi- o t))c soj, jg satllrated with mojs.
of that lower down, and in time will ble a $50,000 electric plant was in- lnrCi whjch graduaiy subsides into
be the garden spot of Hood River stalled, with an eight-foot turbine tle M1bsoil, wetting it for two and a
valley. and capable of generating 2,000 horse naf t iq feet, according to the rain-
l'or its length it affords a variety power. With other sources of power fall. The deeper soil does not readily
of scenery not surpassed if equaled at its command the company can es- absorb the water, so the moisture is
so great that nearly an tne rainiaii . ,tonp hrn. - . . , ,,-. ,
" j -
ime There are also fine deposits
of limestone and large quarries and
lime works in Baker and Union coun
ties.
it is easily understood. As the great
Napoleon viewed ' the "Father of
Waters," so we view the Columbia.
To the docks of Portland come
and will come in constantly increas
ing numbers the deep sea vessels to
meet the humble but not less uselul
inland steamer and barge. Here they
will exchange products. Here will
be the great commercial center of
the northwest, made so by naluie'.s
law against which nothing can pre
vail. . It is therefore no wonder that at
While the road has been in
tion for less than a year much lincfit
has already been derived from it.
Fruit land that was considered too
far away before its construction has
FOUNDRIES.
There are 40 foundries in Oregon,
with an average of 763 watre earner
anywhere on the coast, as deep can- tablish a scries of plants and perfect utilized by the crops in the spring and who received during the past vear
yons. swilt rivers, snow capped an electric system in a very snort cany summer. ii is uns iaci inai in wages. There was ex
peaks, perfectly kept orchards, fer- time that will practically cover the makes it possible to grow the enor- pended for materials used $622,170,
tile fields and virgin forests greet valley. mous crops of grain for which the and for miscellaneous expenses $71,-'
the beholder, ending at Dee, 17 miles Although commenced with the idea Inland Empire is noted. The depth 200. The value of the nlants i'
taken on a new significance and from Hood River. It is here that of confining its operations to Hood of the soil varies, but everywhere ex- placed at $1,110,150. The product is
added price: tanners who wouldn't the big mill is located, operated by River valley, it is possible that the tends down to solid rock, which ill valued at $1,617,630. Sixty-nine per-
raise apples on account of the long electricity, and the power for which Vount Hood railroad may, at flo very many places is 100 feet deep, but the .sons received salaries aggregating
haul by wagon are setting out trees, is supplied from the eat fork of the distant date, .form a connecting link, soil is practically the same through- $gQ,35Q. Holders receive $3.75 pgr
new territory has been opened up Hood River, whose source is the between Hood River and Portland out, except that toward the surface day.
and strawberry growers expect to melting snows of Mount Hood, and with the projected electric line from it contains more organic matter and , .
ship a car a day over the road during from which the railroad takes its the latter place to Mount Hood and is darker. In the valleys it is a loam, Portland has the only fresh water
the next season. Many of the name. Ultimately it is the intention become a transportation route vthat dark and rich, with subsoil of clay.' harbor on the Pacific coast. The city
best acres of fruit land in the valley to operate the road by electricity, will "form an important part in both . In western Oregon the soil may be has spent nearly $2,000,000 in drediz-
the cost of money, time and service, are contiguous to the new railroad although it is at present a steam road local and tourist traffic. With its cx- grouped in three general classes ing its harbor.