it i .. " TcrwTa 1 ii r ir . . r y-m umm b ft i i iii i ' WW 7ii i ft ' w.- . A,7J.T .Lairt i-j.:jf ff'j' i law., .-jmtjY'jr mum. .nr.it.a.i vr er v' ' - x Hcfwa. BaKiinore Physician fltas Beevten the Peisteiir Record. MONG the magnificent achievements At of the twentieth century none perhaps will prove so remarkable, so great a boon to humanity as the battle, and resultant victory, of science over disease. And when the records are made, and the book of great and good deeds completed, it is certain that in large letters will be writ the names of the Baltimore Pasteur Institute and its director, Dr. N. G. Keirle, Sr. For at the Baltimore Institute has been waging one of the fiercest battles made in America by the army of physicians and surgeons the battle against the mysterious and terrible disease, rabies. And success shines gloriously upon the work of the aged doctor. Recently Dr. Keirle completed fhe treat ment for the prevention of rabies on his thou sandth case. Of those treated, 632 were bit ten by animals absolutely proven rabid, and wonderful record of the entire number only two persons died. And the death of one was said to be due to Bright s disease, and not to hydrophobia. ' Dr. Keirle is one of the most remarkable personalities in the world of medicine. For twenty-five years and more he has been post mortem physician of Baltimore, and has prob ably dissected more corpses than any other liv ing member of his profession. He is deeply, vitally absorbed in his work and the won derful success of the treatment for rabies gives him a niche second only to that of Pasteur, originator of the treatment. LONG before the Christian era men of medicine puzzled their heads about rabies, or hydrophobia, a strange and inexplicable disease, for which there seemed no cure. In the fifth century before Christ Democrltus men tioned It; Aristotle referred to It in the fourth century. did Xenophon, Ovid, Horace, Plutarch and other ?ts. Yet not until nearly twenty centuries passed after the beginning of the Christian era did science achieve a vic tory over the frightful disease. And It la the crowning victory of science the most amazing and wonderful of its many vlctorlei. How easy It is to fight one's foes in the daylight, to know where to direct one's shafts, how to study every point of vantage and make deliberate and carefully planned attacks But how difficult the battle In the dark ness, the hit or miss fusillade! And this has been the battle of science against rabies I GERM OF RABIES STILL UNDETECTED Science ha fought and conquered many maladies it has fought and conquered typhoid, pneumonia and diph theria. But first It discovered the germs, it studied the habitat, manner of living and appetites of the malignant creatures. Bacteriologists actually photographed and measured them. But no one has ever been able to de tect the germ of hydrophobia; It has shrouded Itself in Imponetrjbla mystery, waging Its destructive warfare on nerve and brain force In unknown and subtle way. Nearly always It has proven fatal. Twenty-five years ago the death rate among persons bitten by rabid dogs was 60 per cent. No one who de veloped the disease was ever saved, so far as the records of medicine show. Yet since the adoption of the Pasteur treatment the death rate haa gone down to less than 1 per cent. I What a debt does not the world owe to the pioneers of this wonderful campaign to Pasteur and his co-workers, Roux, Chamberland, Oraucher and Thulller, who died in Egypt while studying the bubonlo plague; to Metchnl kbff and Babes, of Bucharest; Strauss, Calmette, Yersln, Oamaleia and Galtler: Tlzzoni and Centannla, of Italy; Victor Horsley, of England, and Nathaniel Keirle, of America, The success of Dr. Keirle at the Baltimore Institute surpasses even that of the institute In Paris, compara tively speaking. At the Paris Institute more than 29,000 eases have been treated. The death rate was said to be one-third of one per cent But at Baltimore the rate haa been reduced to one-fifth of one per cent. ut- we ve no cause to Doast,- laugns tr. Keirle, shall not have until we have treated 29.000." nmnaj isons. however, dace the Baltimore Institute the head of the laboratories or tne world. In 1902 the average failures of the twenty-four laboratories In the world were 423 out of 64,620 cases, or four-fifths of one" per cent At that time Dr. Kelrle's record of failure was one-fifth of one per cent And this admirable record he haa maintained. The recent report of Dr. Kelrle of the treatment of rases M one ttf the nwt anjailnsl. 4itfeHiTr medical documents of years. 1 As complete records as possible have been made of all persona treated, the location of the wounds and the con dition or the animal which. Inflicted, .the bite. Of the THE OREGON. SUNDAY. cases treated 658 were bitten by animals proven rabid by cerebral Inoculation of rabbits. Other animals or human beings developed rabies from the bite of animals which inflicted wounds of seventy-four cases; there were symp toms of rabies In animals which attacked 103 of the cases, but these were not demonstrated. There was no reliable history of 161 cases, and thirty-four were wounds not the results Of bites. Inoculation was made Into rabbits from animals which Inflicted wounds on forty cases, but there were no results. Mtost of the wounds Inflicted were on the upper parts of the bodies of the patients. Experiments have proven that rabies more' often develops from such wounds than those In the lower extremities of the body. It la believed that when an animal bites through cloth ing the garment often absorbs the greater portion of the poison. Of the persons treated. 71 were males, 281 females; 823, or S3 per cent., of the patients treated were 10 years of age or younger. The youngest case was a child 7 months old and the oldest 82 years. Wounds were Inflicted by dogs In 874 cases. In 65 cases by cats, In 1 by a calf. In 1 by a pig, In 7 by cows, In 9 by tiorses and In 4 by human beings. Of those treated, 746 came for treatment the first week after having been bitten, 146 the second week, 36 the third week, 22 the fourth week, 26 the fifth week, 11 the sixth week, 1 the seventh week, 2 the eighth week and 6 the tenth week. Of four cases there Is uncertainty concerning the date. Treatment was discontinued in 40 cases, as the animals observed were found not to be rabid. In considering the results of the treatment It Is well to bear In mind tU following facts given by Dr. Kelrle: In the development of rabies a certain length of time, or period of Incubation, must elapse before the appearance of disease in the victim. The period of development de pends, of course, upon the location and severity of the bite. Of 6 per cent of mad dog bites the period of Incu bation Is estimated as less than eighteen days; of 60 per cent, the period ranges between eighteen and sixty-four days, and In many cases has extended eighteen months. After rabies has developed there Is little or no hope of recovery. The Pasteur treatment is preventive rather than curative; and treatment must be started before the disease manifests itself. In other words, the body must be made immune before the terrible germs which have been injected in the blood by the animal begin their disastrous carnage. The length of treatment of the Pasteur method Is twenty days, after which fifteen days are required for the patient to develop immunity to the disease. Thus, if a man who has been bitten by a mad dog Immediately ap plies for treatment, and should the germs take thirty five days to incubate. It is likely he will become Immune by that time. Among the smaller animals treatment haa occasionally resulted In recovery after the manifestations of the disease. But this has never happened with men. ANTITOXIN TREATMENTS The Pasteur treatment is analogous to the antitoxin treatment for diphtheria and other diseases. The pur pose Is to make the victim Immune, o" create in his blood a sufficient quantity of . the antitoxin to destroy the germs. When germs enter the bcJy and begin their ravages In the blood and nervous system an antitoxin is produced In the blood to destroy he toxic effect of the germs. If the body produces suMcient quantity of the antitoxin to destroy the germs, thJ person recovers. But if the germs prevail and the toxin poisons the blood death ensues. Of course, the propagation of the germs and the energy with which th 1 antitoxin is created de pend ' upon a person'8 physicalhealth and-nla-power.-Of ' resistance or susceptibility of various diseases. Upon this principle the Pasteur treatment waa origi nated. The germs of rabie attack the central nervoua aysttm. If, before the tlrae of Incubation, a sufficient Quantity of the antitoxin U formed In the blood the pa- f, "t 'fe' :::::: ij JOURNAL,' PORTLANDS SUNDAY HORNING, SEPTEMBER U,'t9& tlent may recover. Scientists say that the reason that no one ever has recovered from rabies after It has been developed Is because the germs, upon Incubation, attack the blood and nervous system so terrifically, and with such concentrated vigor, that sufficient antitoxin cannot be produced to resist the onslaught of the bacilli. The principle of the Pasteur treatment la thus: A man Is bitten by a rabid dog. Before the Incubation of the disease which develops in thirty-five days In about 60 per cent, of all cases the victim la Inoculated with the germ of rabies in such small quantities that the blood develops antitoxin slowly, so that, with increased In jections and an Increased production of the antitoxin, a sufficient amount Is created to resist the disease by the time the bacilli are Incubated. The problem which con fronted Pasteur In the first stages of his experiments was the regulation of the potency of the virus and the control of Its strength. Somehow, in the course of his Investiga tions, he Inadvertently chanced upon an Important dis covery. He discovered that If the spinal cord of a rabbit which has died of rabies Is removed and worked In distilled water and an Injection made Into the brain of another rabbit the second rabbit will develop rabies and die; that tl m T HAT a erime-Trilf find one outwas never so true as it is -today. With the detective and police forces of th world perfectly organ ized and with the adoption, of the latest . ., ., ......,m , ..-r..t....wrhllnt(llfr..v.1 rrrrrnw. If a third rabbit Is treated in the same way with virus from the spinal cord of the second rabbit It will develop rabies in the same period as the other two. However. If the process is continued, the time of Incubation will grow shorter until the twenty-fifth rabbit, which will develop the disease in eight days. Then the period of development remains the same until another twenty-fifth rabbit has been Inoculated, and the period drops to seven days. Then comes a period of ninety days, after which the time drops to six and re mains fixed. The virus now used In the Baltimore Pasteur Insti tute has attained low removes and is fixed, rabies de veloping In six days after Inoculation. At the Baltimore Institute Dr. Kelrle has formulated a unique and precise treatment. From rabbits which have died of rabies Induced by an injection of fixed virus a spinal cord Is t.iken and placed In a sterilized Jar con taining caustic potash. This is kept In a dark room, at a temperature of 65 degrees. Each dav a Jar is added until fifteen Jars are stored, the series of Jars containing virus graduating In strength from 1 to 15. It has been discovered that when virus Is subjected to a temperature of 140 degrees for ten minutes It Is destroyed. A five minute exposure to a temperature of J1S degrees will render it sterile, a temperature of 112 degrees for an hour has a similar effect, while a temperature of 1(8 degrees vitiates Its potency. An exposure of forty hours to sun light also destroys It. Heat has an attenuating effect, and various degrees of potency are obtained by Dr. Kelrle by his system of subjecting the virus to heat In the dark ' chamber. THOM f DETECTING CRFE ccientific methods of' detecting crime, it is well nigh impossible for the great criminal to escape. Sooner or later will tighten about hia neck the noose of the law, and by almost supernatural methods will the hidden crime be brought to light. ABOUT a year ago the Abbe Delarue, cure of the parish of Chatenay, France, disappeared. No trace of the missing man could be found. The earth might have swallowed him, so completely had all traces vanished The people of the town were wrought up to a feverish pitch. Paris papers offered great rewards for Information concerning the missing man. Every indication pointed to murder. The de tectives exhausted their Ingenuity and gave up.. Then maglclctans, soothsayers and clairvoyants "were em ployed. One of them, a Hindoo fakir. Professor Devah, tasted the stonea of the earth and smelled the air, and an other Hindoo professor, Ramanah, consulted the stars. Then a hyena was brought. Hyenas are expert In the line of finding dead bodies, so It was taken through out the entire country, every corner was scoured but no trace of the body of the abbe was found. Then the thought came to the detectives, the magicians and the owner of the hyena that perhaps, after all, the abbe was not dead.- .... . . The hyena, probably despairing of finding the body, bit a boy in the leg and killed several sheep and chickens. This gave the detectives a clue to go after the llvln, abbe. He was finally found, alive and well, in Bras-", sets, living with a nun with whom he had eloped.- Theatric, indeed, ere em of tbe.-nethOd of the ; French detectives. They look for the little cluee , rather than the staring ones. Unlike the English and ; American detectives, they often do not wait to get Irrefutable evidence before charging a man with crime, Thua, when a patient la brought to Dr. Kelrle he gin with an Injection of the lowest potency And works);! up to the strongest. He make a solution at nm oi tee 14-day-old virus, washing the aplnal cord of the rabbit la sterilized water, and Injections are made upon either eld3( of the stomach with an ordinary hypodermic syringe. . 14 five day the six-day cord is reached. Then follow sua ceaslvely Inoculations made from the flve-day,' fourday and three-day cords until the twenty-third day Is reached Dr. Kelrle does not restrict his patients In regard ti food, and no unpleasantness whatever la experience! from the treatment. . By this method of treatment the Baltimore physlclar haa achieved results surpassing even those of the famotL. institute In Paris. r J vnijr one or me iuw patients treated aiea irom raoiest alone. This was Carl WIghtman. a J-year-old child.' E" died September 8. 1906. just forty days after the treatment I was begun. The child was bitten In the upper part Of! the nose, and It is believed the virus entered his bralty The Pasteur Institute of Baltimore was opened iMJ March, 1S97. The Institution had Its beginning In a Vv4 thetle and tragic circumstance. In the northeastern Dart of Baltimore eight boya wet' badly bitten by a mad dog in January. 1S96. The parent of all of the children were poor, and were unable to sent them to the Pasteur Institute of New York. The childrei had been horribly lacerated, and the development ot rabies seemed certain. What was to be done? Through the newspapers e fund was raised to send the ohlldrer away. But in the meantime four died. Then the peopl of Baltimore asked themselves why the city should not have such an institute as New York, Why not? ' Dr. Kelrle had been making experiments with rami, animals, and when the matter of a local institute wa taken up by the College of Physicians and Surgeons he Jheaded the movement. When the Institute became 9 reality he was placed In charge. At present Dr. Keirie'l son. Dr. Nathaniel Kelrle, Jr., Is his associate la tat directorship. ' v' 1 Persons are treated at the institute from all yarta Of the United States. How far-reaching and how important has become the Pasteur Institute of Baltimore is Indi cated by the following list of places from which came the thousand patients: I Alabama, 2; Arkansas, 8; Delaware, 38; Georgia, 1?; Indiana, 2; Louisiana. 36; Maryland, 334; Massachusetts, 1 Mexico, 1; Mississippi, 3; New Jersey, 5: North Carolina, 117; Ohio, 11; Pennsylvania. 102; South Carolina, 61r Ten nessee, 4; Virginia, 104; Washington and District of Colura-. bla. 57; West Virginia, 112. .' '. -' , I The thousandth person treated by Dr. Kelrle we w S. R. Beane, a prominent cotton buyer of MJigusta, Oflf Mr. Beanfl was bitten last April three times) in-che-han by a dog which is believed to have been mad.. The thou sandth treatment was successful. ' but first charge him with the crlma'and play Upon bin? so that If ho Is guilty he is led to confess. f Some time ago a woman waa murdered In Parla, and from her room were stolen 760 franc In money, her watch and jewelry. Two brother, tieorges and Paul Amot, had been seen near the house. The night of the day after the murder waa committed, M. Hain ard, chief of detectives of Paris, entered a-Wine ehoj where the two brothers were drinking. To the man amazement he arrested Georges, charging him wlttt the murder. ' 1 "You have changed youT coat." he said to the mart, a aafe guess if he had committed the murder, "it wa ff ray this morning and there is blood on it.' "My nose was bleeding," replied the man. "From excitement, I suppose," said Hamard; "ex citement caused by your robbery of Mm, kuoas yes terday evening. , .., , "I waa nowhere near Mme. Lucas last night," sal the man, becoming very pele. - "You lie," roared Hamard. "look at 5 ' " ' ' - ' Every one saw the hlrd button tp missing. . v "Here's the button, said Hamf "It waa found In your victim's blol The man confessed. As Hani he had guessed the murderer the tl Ins; button from the man's shoe w A new method of identifying 1 adopted to somt extent inJAuatrl.- Jirlnts, the police of som cities make . awa of criminals. They claim that it J method of Identification ao far original- ' Tha method waa introduced hy Dr. 1'; Vienna, aa army surgeon of great repute proved to the doctor's satisfaction that 1 Jaws are alike, and that identification with Jaw moulds i eertaln. Dr men ted with taking Impression f 1 thepeJate. Although the teeth may position of the Jswhe claim that 1, the marking oi th palate, v r 7 v ... . .