THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY HORNING, SEPTEMBER , t, 1907 : :
1 I II
i r. jj'jujj )) n j j n ii n in. i
Stir
THE CARE OF
THE HAIR
P P HP
V,
IT SEEMS hard that the faithful ser
vants who work for ua bo well and
ao unceasingly ara uaually ao poorly
rewarded
We wear uncomfortable ahoea, we al-
low- -earns and hunlorj j. Jo jgrm and we
generally Ill-treat our feet, andtEeir
wonder why walking; la an effort
The flnt rifle of foot care la to wear
properly made ahoea and stockings.
A storking too short In the foot will
draw the toea up ao that one walks
somewhat after the fashion of the
"golden-footed" Chinese beauty.
A badly fitting; shoe will cause corns
and callous places. One with too high a
heel may even permanently deform the
foot
It Is a mistake to wear one pair of
shoes day In, day out At ' least two
pairs should be worn In one day, and
each pair should be given a day's rest
after each time It Is used.
This practice is rather expensive In ,
the beginning, but It is a saving In the
end. Stockings should be changed dally
whenever possible.
It Is needless to say that strict clean
liness must be observed.' The feet should
be soaked In hot water night and morn
lng. A little borax added to the water
will relieve tenderness and fatigue.
The most common foot ailment Is nat
urally tiredness. Massage is excellent
to overcome this, and so Is spraying the
feet with a lotion composed of one pint
of distilled water to two and one-half
ounces of bichromate of potassium and
one-half dram of essence of lavender.
Be careful In spraying that no 'space
between the toes escapes.
Corns and bunions are both foot
troubles from which many persons suf
fer. To avoid soft corns, wipe carefully be
tween the toes after washing, for mois
ture In these spaces Is their most fre
quent cause.
RELIEVE PRESSURE ON TOES
To avoid hard corns and bunions, have
the shoes and stockings a trifle too long
for the feet, so as' to relieve, the pres
, aure on the toes.
Soak the feetsntghi and rftorning; wipe
dry and rub with a mixture of one ta
blespoonful of spirits of turpentine and
lard (equal parts), or turpentine and
aweet oil (one to three parts) until the ,
soreness caused by the Ill-fitting shoes
subsides. Dust between the toes with
talcum powder, and place a little cotton
In the crevices, so as to absorb any pos
sible moisture.
Onoe In evidence, corns are harder to
cure than to prevent
There are, however, many good reme-
ADVICE
The Abdominal Exercise
I HAVE read your exercise for the reduc
tion of the abdomen. Do I understand that
the muscles should be contracted and
let go but atx times before taking the
three deep breathe T Would It be lajuil
oua to keep It up aa long as one could do
so, or at least ten or twelve times before
breathing? Could these exercises be re-
fieated as often as on would desire duri
ng the day? Please explain fully and
clearly. . , , Mrs. J. P.
Six times Is quite sufficient between
breaths. This, of course, does not
mean that one cannot continue the
exercise as long1 as desired. Twice a
day is often enough, but altogether
the exercise may be repeated as often
as thirty or thirty-five times daily, if
one feels capable of the exertion. Be
careful, however, not to overdo, espe
cially at first, or more harm than
good will result from the treatment
Dark Circles Under Eyes
Kindly tell m if you know of anythln
which will remove dark circles from under
the eyea. In my case it see mi as If they
are hereditary ana de Bet -seen -to come -from
any disorder of the svstera. MAT.
Are you perfectly sure that the
circles are hereditary! This some
times happens, but usually this trou
ble is caused by some external cause
Whether It be losa of sleep, overwork
or study, eyestrain from the need of
glasses or what not However, I ara
giving you a treatment which should
help, you, though lta results may not
be permanent
Local Treatment.
Bathe frequently with cold water and
use friction. A little turpentine liniment
or weak ammonia, ona part of diluted
AmmnnfeA to four of water, mavba rubbed.
Into-'tM akin dally (once), but great car
y-fk be taken tut i( aoea not roach th
that it a
V' Mre. U D. A That the Vaucalre
ft remedy should have tne effect you
uescriDe snows mat you are not In
a condition at present to take medl v
cine tor anything but the disease
from which you suffer. The wisest
and, in fact, the only wise thing for
you to do Is to see a good physician
4
V
fr
1
Zcfar c
Of
71re fte&f
f 4
dies. Here Is one of them: Paint over
the corn once or twice a day a solution
composed of one dram of borate of
sodium, one scruple of extract of can
nabis and one ounce of collodion.
After three or four days soak the feet
In water as hot as can be borne for
' about half an hour, and It will then be
possible to scrape the corn off with a
file which has been sterilized by dipping
it In boiling water. Never out corns,
for unskilful cutting may reaultxln blood
poisoning. "
For bunions, get a bunion plaster of
the druggist and ick -aith the scis
sors around the Inside circle or opening.
Moisten the plaster and put It over the
bunion. Put a small wedge of felt be
tween the great and the second toe,
which will throw the foot more into
chaps. This will greatly relieve the
pressure of the Joint Draw the stock
ing on carefully.
When you put your shoe on you will
discover that the enlarged Joint does
not show nearly so much with the plas-
TO CORRESPONDENTS BY MRS.
as soon as possible and place your
self under his care. You have let the
thing run on too long unattended to,
and the longer you neglect It the
harder It will be to cure. Tou do
not seem to realize how serious a
trouble It is. When the. doctor has
discharged you as cured will be early
enough to take remedies to develop
your bust. At present I should ad
vise nothing but massage and ablu
tions with warm alcohol or vinegar
or cold water.
To Remove Scars
Kindly tell me If you have anything that
will remove scars, and that la perfectly
harmless. A. I
If the scars are very deep or very re
cent, let them alone. Otherwise, use the
following:
Salve for Scan.
Lanolin t drams
Ointment of blnlodld of mercury.. I dram
Rub In well one a day.
Treatment for Bad Complexion
I am a young girl 18
have been troubled with
years of age, and
blackheads for th
last five years. I have taken doctors' treat
ment, but It did not aeem to do ma any
good, J now take a certain patent treat
ment. Can you give me something for a red
face, and also for plmpiea and blackheads?
Which la th better treatment for the face,
the on I am taking or th hot cloths?
R D. C
As the treatment of which you speak
is a proprietary method, I can give you
no opinion In regard to It I am simply
telling you my own treatment for obsti
nate blackheads and pimples. The red'
ness of your face Is probably due to
the heroic treatment you have given It
Steaming ln the manner you suggest
should be of benefit to you. Use the
following formulas twice dally, as di
rected: Obstinate Blackheads of the Skin.
Ether .,....,,.,,1,,.,,li a awiee J
Soap liniment
t ounces
Rub Into the snot affectad. ,
th mixture bums wash the surfac with
hot watar. i
o
TANtOrtfT-
J
v
hi
: Pimples.
beta-napthol
OH of chamomile
! t Sro
Ins
ropa
Ointment or bamoiufnl mtda at
zinc 1 ounce
Use on th surface. '
Wishes Misplaced Formula
Will you b kind enough to glv m the
formula you published some tun ago for
whitening the rkln. a liquid used in place
of powder for th face?
I have used it, and found It very good,
but my druggist misplaced the formula.
v. a. a
I am giving you the formula you de
sire. I am glad has proved satisfac
tory: 1
Liquid Wbitener.
Pure oxld of sine.... l ounce
Glycerine i dram
Roeewater .... t ounces
Essence of rose U drops
81ft the alnct dissolving t In just enough
of the roeewater to cover it then add the
glycerine, next th remainder of th roee- '
water. -
Shake well and apply with a soft spong
or au antiseptic i nuj. The face roust
well wiped oft before th liquid drlea or It
will be atreaked.
A Variety of Questions
Kindly (ell me. how to reduce one's bust
leaaura. and also how . ta Unffihn ....
measuri
waUC i
wmib. u umt irweivi. a am very
waistd7 and would Ilk to length
short-
ben my
I would like to know how to cure a red
noee. A year or so ago. I waa troubled
with pimples on my nose. I squeesed and
picked at these, in an effort to rid myself
of them, and got what la worse, a red noae.
I would like very much to hav your advtc
on th subject M. T.
Use for your bust either one of the
two formulas I ant giving you. As to
your waist practice the following exer
cise. Stand erect with the back of the
hands touching In front of you, and
slowly raise the arms above- the head
until the fingertips touch in front, mean
while rising to a tiptoe position. Keep
this as long as possible. Repeat from
JJce. tn,rt3' Wmes, according to.prap-
As to your nose, you are suffering
- i S.y.
ter on as without It All pain or Irri
tation Is also prevented.
(Tow apply daily with a camel's-halr
brush a solution of two fluid drams
each of carbolic acid, tincture of iodine
and glycerine.
Tou will soon be relieved of .the annoy
Ina bunion under this treatment
For an Ingrowing toe nail. Insert tissue
paper around the Injured nail. No other
remedy will be necessary. The Illustra
tion shows the mode of operation.
Those who suffer with profuse and
i
from the results of your own careless
ness, and should be thankful that you
escaped so easily. Nothing can be done
now but to wash the nose frequently in
very cold water without rubbing, and
then apply a pure talcum powder. In
time your nose will come back to Its
natural color.
To Reduce the Bust.
Tincture of benzoin drop
Iodide of potassium 4 . grains
Vaseline ouncea
The following may also be recommended:
Pure deodorized Iodoform 1 ounce
Vaseline ounce
Essence of peppermint w drops
Then cover breasts with two cloths dipped
Into the following:
Pulverised alum SO grains
Acetate of lead I ounce
Distilled water ounces
Cover the cloths with oiled paper and keep
them on all night.
Obesity and Corns
Kindly t ro know what 1 should tax
to reduce my weight, as I weigh 160 pounds.
I am 17 years old and about feet 1 inches
"what Is good for corn? 1 have two.
Mv twin sister would like to know of
something to darken her hair, aa It la red
and has always been black, tin. S. N. E.
I am giving you general ruies for the
reduction of flesh. Follow them care
fully, and at your age you should surely
be benefited.
I am giving you also a good, remedy
for corns. Use as directed.
I cannot understand black hair turn
ing red If your sister will write to me
herself 'i will advise her to the best of
my ability.
For General Reduction of Flesh.
Avoid all starchy and sweetened food,
all cereals, vegetables containing siar or
r.I ...h a. iumih. beans, corn, potatoes.
Sto. Have your bread toasted: sprinkle it
with salt Instead of using butter. Milk. I
regret to say. If K be pure and good, la
fattening. Skimmed milk may be drunk.
Hot water Is an excellent substitute for
other liquids. Add a ilttl" of th Jirtce of
limea or lemons to IU If you choose. Limit
your sleeping hour to aeven at th outside.
No naps. You must take exercise. ..
If vou cannot walk at leaat five miles a
day, and do not wheel, ro to on of th In
I i f
11
h
4l
offietmrei offensive perspiration of IB'
feet should bathe them at least once
dally and then dust them with a pow
der composed of five grams of burnt
alum, two and a half grams of salicylic
acid, fifteen grama of starch and fifty
grams of violet talcum powder. They
should also change their stockings more
frequently than Is necessary in a nor
mal condition.
Some persons suffer acutely after even
light walking, as their feet are extreme
ly sensitive. Wash such tender feet,
night and morning, with cold water, rub
dry with a Turkish towel and mop on a
solution of half an ounce of salicylic
acid to four ounces of alcohol. This la
very refreshing and often prevents dis
agreeable perspiration as well.
The toe nails should be manicured Just
as are the finger nails. They should al-
wmmm
SYMES
stitutions where mechanical massage is
given, beveral of my correspondents report
excellent results from this method of get
ting the vigorous exerclae they require. The
system la thoroughly wholesome and not
expensive, In reducing flesh one fact to
recollect la that fat Is carbon. Oxygen de
stroys or bums out carbon. You mufct con
sume th carbon by th oxygen you take
through your lungs. Th more exercise, the
more oxygen and consequent destruction of
fat by the on healthful method of curing
obesity. Tht more starch and sugar you
at. th more carbon to bum away.
Corn Cure.
Borate of sodium s'(;.vr-isiaavs I dran
Extract of cannabis 1 scruple
Collo. :on 1 ounce
Paint over tb corn one or twice a day
and scrape away superficial growth In three
or four days.
Effects of Cocoa Butter
Kindly inform me whether cocoa butter
will turn the neck and ahouldera yellow by
constant use. u.
Cocoa butter will in time have the
' effect you mention, If used continu
ously.. If you find that it Is thus dis
coloring your skin, use Instead the
skin food 1 am giving you:
Skin Food.
Whit, wax ,,,,,,,,..,....,.
Bpermacetf
Lanolin
Coooanut oil
Orange-flower water
Oil of sweet almonds
Tincture of benzoin
1 ounce
, 1 ounce
I ouncea
t ouncea
ouncea
4 ounces
30 drops
Melt the first Ave Ingredients
together.
Tak. off the fire and beat until nearly cold,
adding, little by little, the benzoin and,
lastly, orange-flower water.
A PATIENT WAITER This, I am
sure. Is finally the formula you de
sire, or, at any rate, is just as good.
I trust It will prove satisfactory.
Cucumber Lotion or Cream.
Fxpreseed Juice of cuotimbers.... Vi pint
Deodorised alcohol la ounces
Bweet almond oil Mi ouncea
Bhavlns cream J J-
Blanched. almonda ...,,...,.,..,. 1 drama,, ..
Thia la a suave rotion, vry iimduii
soitening ana cleansing.
7-
8'
V v - v
A3
-mi
?' rf
, ?pzr
ways tie filed and never cut off. About
once In three months It is well to go to
a good chiropodist and have the feet
thoroughly -treated for any minor defects
from which tbey may suffer. It is worth
the expense In the comfort that results.
Most deformations of the feet are now
remediable by skilful surgery. The only
precaution needed is to exercise extreme
care In the choice of a physician, as an
inexperienced or Incapable one may
make the injury worse Instead of bet
ter. With proper care the feet will respond
gratefully and give Increased and Im
proved service.
It is well to think of them as marvel
ous machines, which must be kept-ln
order lest they run down and become
useless. Acting on this principle, no care
that can be given them will be in vain.
Complexion and Hair Queries
I Intended having your orange-flower
cream made, but find I hav two formulas
of It and also one of cream of sweet or
anges, so I thought I would ask you which
one would be the beat.
1 have very dark, greasy skin with black
beads. My nose Is covered with little pores
which look dirty, and when I squeeze them
they leave a little bole. Can you tell me
WMy hair" long, but thin. Before wash-.
lng it Is oily, but afterward la dry. I have,
fine dandruff, which disappears after th
shampoo, but returna In a tew days. I
would Ilk your advlc on that JIspx
Unfortunately, the formula for
orange-flower cream was once con
fused with that of another skin food,
and some trouble has resulted. I am
Kivlng you the correct formula, and
also a cure for blackheads, a com
plexion clearer and a hair grower and
Tonic, which will also "lleve th dan
druff. Do not wash your hair oftener
than once in three or four weeks.
Orange-Flower Cream.
Oil of sweet almonds J
White wax .".""."."."I 6
ounces
drams
drams
draml
Kurai ,ii ..v.
Bpei lD,
Glycerin ouncea
nrinne-nower water S..
8 of "(oVange-n).... 1 drop.
rn of DUlt grain f
X. "i Tii i -."i--
Oil of pettlt ra:
Mi.lt the first three Ingredients, add ina
.iir'lne to the orange-rtow.r water and
: K-. Knrn
1.lohw,vb0.ntXo fn. 'blended fsti stir-
ring continuously.
Lotion for Blackheads.
. . ( ounces
Pure brandy j ounce
Apply at night, after washing th. face
thoroughly with aoap and water.
To Clear the Complexion.
It is used on the face.
Hair Tonic.
, I drama
ftWrS.aarld-'V"". 1
OH reclnl 10 dropg
8ay?um?a'dd aufflcienTto make'" ounce.
Patience is Required
How long doea It take Dr. Vaucalra's
bust treatment to take fleotT1l p F
The time taken by the Vaucalre
remedy before results are shown
varies so greatly with different Indi
viduals that no definite statement on
the subject can be made. All you can
do is to have patience and to persevere,
for, in the end. you will surely be
benefited. . . ,
your other question Is outside of my
province, and I cannot answer It
Eyebrows Bleached by Accident
, K..n nut nn the lake everv day,
and have been tanned to such a degree
as to force me to take some of th tan
off I applied some peroxide of hydro
Ken for several evenings, but. to my sur-,
orlse It has bleached my eyebrows. My
hair being very dark and my eyebrows
llKht red. It dlsftKures m very much,
will thev grow out again to their nat
ural color, and how long will It tak. or
must I apply some stain?
must 1 auui? UNFORTUNAT&
Your eyebrows will grow In dark.
but It will take some time proDaDiy
several months. If you wish, you
might use 1 tho meantime the stain
I am giving you.
Do not use peroxide for sunburn.
Apply instead the remedy t am giv
ing you.
Snow of Cucumoer.
(For unburn.)
Cucumbers, small I ' N
Olive oli ouncea
Lanolin ounoee .
White wax 1 dram ,
Spermaceti dram .
nllva oil. 811c. an th. enonmhera
not removing th. peel, and place la the
oil. Lav. for twenty-four hours. Strain.
Chinese Eyebrow Stain.' .
Qvm arable t dram
India ink H dram '
Roeewater , 4 ounces
powder th. Ink and rum and triturate
small quantities of the powder with the '
roeewater until you get., a uniform black
Jiyaifl.;; gnoj thta adths.r.matad-
iiruw !v v anouia oe. ap.
applied with a, earn ol' a-hair brush.
Questions Abdut the Hair -
fV "S to mak. th. hair At TS'
. had tb Jaborandl hair tnnia
mlx4 by a drugglit. but I find C,i5 la -?fvk
mr,.ha.'r oTly My hair U naturally V
oily, and Is an. and eo, but It la th Z V
wlen t? make It thicker. 1 ;
How can I treat the tonlo so It wlU act
Bake my hair oily? Bhall I us more
alcohol and the same amount of alyoerina.
"I. ,ef S'xclne? Or am I mistaken la
It oNyf " U tiTUM makii
I would like to ml it myself next time.
Kindly tell m Just what liquids should :
be dissolved In tb quinine. ',.
other?'1 1 " tb,fnDc roaewater of the
What ahampoo would you advise tne t.
us while using the tonlo ? I would like i
and light WUla """" ,h tuklr dry, ..fluff jf
Cou'd yoe tell m. of anything that makes !
the hair coarser or give it that soMar '
ance ? - s .
Could you let me know of aomathlng la
keep the hair In curl? ;
I have read that sprue gum and alcohol
Is good to mak. the half grow. Would you '
recommend it? ANXlOUsV
Jaborandl tonlo contains less oil than
any other of which I hav ever known.
If it made your hair oily it was be- i
cause it was Improperly prepared. -1
should advise you to have It made, up.
by another druggist rather than make it
up yourself. You will find It less ex 5'
pensive and a good deal less trouble- '
some. If you make any change In the
Dronortlon or th inr.Hio,. , ,.
all. The wisest plan would h t..r
the whole
....... u,cr to a aruBrnst
whose business It Is or ahmiM kT
compound prescriptions correctly. "
I, ,m. fingL you an shampoo.'
which Is best for the purpose you meS
tlon, and a good curler. I know of noth
ing to make the hair coarse: vou
n thankful ha . j ' ..
' '".i your IM HQ.
It 1st
do I know anything of spruce gunT arid
alcohol as a halrgrower. I should think.
---., v'"er oi me two.
Neither
""", mac uie gum would make cha '
hair sticky. "7 i
Egg Shampoo. -'u'
To one-half cake of pur white aufit
soap add on. n, of hot ralnwiter"? v
tbe store an treat tSJrtll the enarrI-
perfectly dissolved. To this idd I?...
which h been thorougWy whipped wlU S
It ?J?ateT to vnvtnt curdling. Add one
third teaspoonfui of bora, andne teamooi-l
W. .T"dy .t0 haPoo the hair, rub will
into the scalp and rinse in several olesi i :
water., using a bath apray If yhave eT M'
To Make the Hair CurL V '
Potaasium carbonate jjo "
Ammonia water grains
Alcohol 5- Sr- .!
Roeewater. enough to' rnaki'iVfluld ouliolfc V
i-Jn.i u,,ni .moisten th hair, adtuaa u'l.'"
looMly, and It wlUcurl upon dVylSfc '
Sage Tea Tonic for Gray Ha'm
iu,rit?,u orif - ll?
Tea tonic Is not a dye, and darkens
hair not gray very slightly. fi, how! f
ever, an excellent tonic, and may In. '
vlgorate the roots so as to reinovi the ';
cause of grayness. Apply as you would
any other tonic. I am giving Jou th?
formula for sage-tea hair dyeLand re-i -peaUng
that of the tonic 1 ;
Tea Hair Toaie. f tu' ' "
ay rum !rma S .
Glycerine
Alcohol
t ounces
I ounce.
xniusion oi macs lea jq ounces
Mix and perfume to milt. The tea In.
fusion should be mad. vary strong- ay aa
?Hu?Z-0!J?? r t1elv ounces ot
Let It ateen fnr rw.,. i- v '
utes, then stand till
nd till BoaX: mtr.l .'. iliVe ;.
the other Ingredients. Apply with aJboftl "iv,?.;
sponge to the roots of th. hair. Is will V
uaraen uionae pair. i , ' ;
Sam Tea. 'VtlV'iVi'-
A'conoi .
Green tea .....l... ! 1!:: I C
Garden we Y":" ". t SUSS
After traJnirur. keen tltrhtlv nri,.4
B via w vyvi bmuii,
Too Much Shampooing . J
I am a young man. about 24 ara -t-t ;
4y hair la falllna out v.r 'f?1! S'4? U
ny uair is taiuna out verv turn r. '
and oily and I have been using tonics and -having
ih. hair singed and shamnoqSd '
about every two week. '.imoei,,
On every hair la a little white end. which.
I fear la th. root. Kindly state ulher.fi
any massag. I can use to make th. h.i.
thicker. My hair la black. G, Vj. T 1
To begin with, you have your hafw
shamiooed too often. Once li i thref? 3 '
four weeks is often enough. iVJ
giving you a tonic containing lJ. 3 v:
SS5S S S5 . .
Jaborandl Tonlo.
Qumlne sulphate
T'"ur. of CMUiaVldei"'.-.?:: S mSd
luld extract or i,kn ,V r ' r ?ul
minr siaai
fluid drama ,'
1 fluid ounces
; ounces .
Olycerln.
Bay rum
Roeewater
Th ouinlne .hntrf I'Z'"'1
eoholio liquids by wmtvfH tt "
the other lngAdl4t7addedf h1''
filtered. Rub Into thV roots who'
every night. to. taic ; !
' - "
Removing Superfluous' Hair I
Kindly tell me If there la a a . 1 r
removing superfluous hair S'-iS."."!
Will it ever grow again? "j.
If the operation be pronerlv j(n!S5"''V"r .
a careful and competint sureX k."-"14 :
lected, there will bS no Tdangfr th.
treatment, and it will b iirnJS,.?
Exercise care beforehand srff'wlrtU
not need to worry afterward.
Hair Turning Gray at 30 "j .
.ijam.? ma.n i "bout 30, with very dark
f,?rd.ratber dry halr- Of 'at. it hie biiS
turning gray rapidly. Kindly nlmV. v
"f that will prevent the u
mm turning .gray, so fast?. j A ' .
hThtlD0gm ?Z$uK p
jvm uiuai tooK to tne can s .ir
move that Write m vn ,ZmJZ
me if you have iifrAr S;
aches or any other Illness" which
might have this effect upon -your
hair, such as stomach nervcs i
troubles. I will then either give yo
?tJ?n, invigorate the hair roots
to new action, or. If this seems use
less under the circumstances, pre.
scribe a harmlessand effectual stain.
Peroxide ' as a Bleach , ,
hiL'"nw?,?. u"" r,3wen '.peroxide a 'a
bleach. Will you tell roe how to aiiply It. , ,
how often and how lout it wl.-k. b.
for. tbete la any ' t-rertrtlh'-A j ,t I
hav. bought a sealed hot !." .,'' rtl '
m. it mnii that it haa 1.1 t ti
aa it haa scarcely gay odJ, '' "
amart when applied, to theli: ,
you thlnkt . , .:
. , iiO-
Do you wish to use ne)
a bleach for hair or faf e r.f.
X never advise or couitnA'
' therefore. giving dirl0ii" ,
; .cter. Pour a IHtlel pure .
Into a saucer, and rub on
with a soft cloth. Then opr. '
lanolin to prevent lrritatl
five or six appHcatlons resu
? ' begin to appear. i
Good peroxide has hardly .
' and does not smart when (
healthy skin.. To test It ,
a few drops Into a cup of
- ua' it as a gargle. If
strengthrtf" will ftt am
' -soapy, taste. ( . .
r
f
l-