r,
FOOD
. - .
CVT-Trt&OA'T
N'
fO STATE in the union hta mora
game flahee or aa gamey flaheti
a are native to Oregon, Ths
best varieties of trout abound In
. th( many- clear mountain
atreama, ' while the larger rivers are
filled with the coarser varieties of fine
food fish.
The data "concerning the following
Zlshes Is taken from "American Food
and Game Fishes,' a popular account
of all the species found In America,
!' -fcr David Btarr Jordan and Rarton War-
-
ren Evermann, published by Double-
flay, Page & Co., of New Tork.
?f! SWS.? "O -
turgeon. Formerly it attained an enor-
mous else, and eoeclmens welrhlnr l.nfla
pound have been taken and big stur
, geon were very common, but of late
.years the average size does not exceed
I feet In" length and 125 pounds in
weight A sturgeon caught last week
at Rainier, shown In the cut, waa 7H
feet long and weighed 221 pounds. The
sturgeon Uvea ordinarily In salt water,
xoept at spawning time when It as-
cenaa me larger rivers. The rish aro
mostly caught on set lines and to some
extent ln gill nets. The roe is made
Intn nvlnr whir-h fnrm.riv ...
, Into cavler which formerly was quite
. an inausiry on me Columbia.
, f tr ii - o i
Dcvcrai v aneues oi oucacr.
8everal varieties of the sucker can
: te caught in most any of the streams
"' not too far above tide water. Those
(inmmonrat are the mountain sucker
oommonesi sxe me mountain sucker,
wnlch grows to a root or more ln length
' and is found generally distributed in
- clear streams, the long nose sucker.
Which attains a length Of tWO feet and
. 1. . . . . .
a weight of several pounds, and the
GOLD AND COPPER MADE ARTIFICIALLY Sir
William Ramsey, Englisk Chemist, Experiments With Radium
Emanations, Realizes
L
ONDON. Transmutation of metals
tho dream of the ancient al
chemlsts -is at last the actual
accomplishment of modern chem
istry. No less a person than Sir
William Ramsay the famout English
scientist has Just made a discovery
( , Which it Is predicted .will ultimately, rev
olutionize modern metallurgy. Before
long scientists may be able to change
baser metals Into gold and to "degrade"
i. certain elements into copper.
If anyone else than Sir William Ram
i Bay had made such an announcement,
little attention would have been paid to
the claim; but the discoverer of Argon
ana omer elements noius a piace in me
. Scientific world which commands re
: fcpectful hearing At the end of this
v month. Sir William Ramsay will deliver
. an address before the Chemical society,
ln which he will set forth the various
processes by means of which he has
achieved the-transformatlon of one form
of metal Into another. At present he
does not lay any distinct claim to "mak-
A 1 A It r. nvw. n,.nl. .anl,.ltn.
J t K nuiu, vri mijr n u v n luruiuuunaiy
achievement. His scientific statement
of the .facts, however, certainly 1m
. riles this; and he already announces
that he has been able to accomplish the
"degradation" of copper. Speaking of
, these remarkable experiments. Sir Wll
11am Ramsay aaid:K
Tells of Experiments.
, , "In 1803, it was shown by Mr. 8oddy
and myself that the spontaneous change
Of me emanauun ironi muium results
In tha formation of helium. This ob
servation has fceen confirmed by Indrlk-
aon, by Debjerne. ny uiesei, oy un
and Dewar and-y Hlmstedt and O.
I Meyer.
1 ".'When the radium emanation Is in
contact with and dissolved ln 'water the
Inert ga which is produced by its
rhange consists mainly of neon; only
trace of helium could be detected.
'When a. saturated solution of copper
sulphate is substituted- for water, no
tielium Is produced; the main product is
argon, possibly containing a trace of
jiron. far ufltno of the stronger of ills
lines appear to be present,- The residue
after the removal of tha copper t torn
this solution, showed the spectra of so
lium and of calcium; tha red lithium -
. line was also observed, but waa very V
faint. This last observation-has been
made four tlmos, in two casea with cop
per sulphate,, and In two with oppM"
hltraU; . all possible precautions were
- tit ken, and similar residues from lead nl-
irate and frooqrwater gave.no indication
AND
GAME
. - as
V
x:
?
Columbia rirer or yellow sucker, the
common tucker of Oregon tream.
4uiiub W(B ayi lllfi aim can; Buiiiiijtri
it Is very common, but later In the
eason retires to deeper water. It at
tains a. length of two feet nnd Is a
food fish of considerable Importance,
popular with the Indians. The meat
of the sucked Is not conlsdered choice,
as It Is rather coarse and full of bones.
The sucker will take worms or salmon
roe. There are several varieties of
suckers distinctive to the Klamath
Lakes.
One of the commonest fish in all
w?rn "ireams s me squaw nsn. also
caiiea pine, yenow Deny. cnuD, Dig
mouth and bass head. It is one of tho
largest of the minnows, attaining a
Z7. STreed.Vv 'iv.
,n"ect- The,r manner of taking these
"'y Th. i i i
flies;' will take a , pSS? " live minnow
and bite most any kind of bait. When
caught it makes a fight the first sec-
on d or two and tnen lies like a log.
In the winter It is sought as an article
of food by the Indians, who price it
verv highly.
Anoiner vanoiy ui minnow is me
Columbla chub, which Is quite abund-
? m- nr,fi8ti f5??ln,T:.
5ora S".1"" irle h!
'oot and is a boney species, poss
It
an a
possess-
lng some Importance as a food fish. At
many places it is served as white fish
at the hotel, and elsewhere peddled
over the country as trout or fresh-
water herring. It will bite at almost
any bait.
one or tne best rooo nsnes and also
one of the gamiest is the Rocky Moun-
tain white nan, wnicn is found ln nearly
a mountaIn streams of Oregon, and
an mountain lakes. This species .it-
tains a length of a foot and a half, and
weight of about four pounds, though
mo avcioBO io guuomni auiy idbr. Jur-
the snrinar and earlv lummw thov
take tha fly freely, as well as the
Dream Cherished by
Sir William
M k
h . . THE- OREGON , SUNDAY JOURNAL'., . PORTLAND. SUNDAVi MORNING." SEPTEMBER r
FISHES OF
J5AINB0W TWT
1-1
VON BBKR T3SOLTT
1
1' H' -()
balted hook. Smallness of the mouth
requires small hooks. As a pan fish
it holds very high rank, and cannot
be surpassed In sweetness and deli
cacy of flavor. It Is also known aa the
mountain herring, the Rocky Mountain
herring, and In some places as the The silver sides, or silver salmon
grayling. reaches a length of 15 Inches, and a
weight of t to 8 pounds. It Is of great
Four Kinds of Salmon, Importance as a food fish, large quan
tities being canned. Its spawning sea
Four varieties of salmon that are son la later than that 'of the chlnook.
common In Oregon waters are the chl-
nook or quinnat, the silver salmon, the
dog salmon and the blueback or sock
eye salmon. The chlnook Is the most
valuable food fish In the world, com
mercially speaking. It ascends the
river, in spring and summer, going
up over a thousand miles from the sea
to spawn, it reacnes an enormous else,
examples having been taken weighing
100 pounds. The average weight of
those taken in the Columbia Is 22
It does not take the hook f
til though occts'onallv cauent
trolling spr ir wfllameue
. ,M . ,
pounds. It
fresh water.
with a trollli
falls.
ino qui Btuimjn reacnea a weirni or
10 to 12 pounds. As a food fish It is
the least valuable or all salmons. At
the time or tne run tne males are
much distorted, and the flesh is value-
less. In general . form it Is like that
of the chlnook but the head rather long.
more depressed, and pike like. Th
fourth variety is the blueback or sock-
eye salmon. The run of this fish be-
gln In the Columbia in March or April
and'tne nsn ascena to me neaa waters
of the Salmon river ln Idaho, a thou-
sand miles away, reacning their des-
tlnation In July or August. Their
spawning beds are always either ln the
inlets to lakes or ln lakes themselves.
In certain lakes in northeasterrn Ore-
Klin llio luuuu iwu iuiiiib ui iiiih BM.1-
mrrtv one welorhln 8 to 7 nnlindfl. known
as the red fish .and the other, weighing
Ancient Alchemists
Ramsey.
A
. .... .
10 to 12 pounds, and weighing one-half
pound, known as the little red fish or
walla. The blueback salmon reaches a
length of two feet and a weight of S
to 7 pounds. Its flesh Is of an attrac-
tlve color.
The run usually Deans in beptember
and lasts until the mradle of November.
It is easily distinguished from the chl
nook, which it most resembles, by ltd
brighter color.
Steelheads.
Among the various more, or less tan-
gible forms of trout of the genius sal-
mon, inr ar mroo u.iiii series
which have been regarded aa distinct
epecles. They are steelhead, cutthroat
a"a lM ralnDOW lroul lno Bleoi-
head 18 found ln the COMt-w,Be "treama
ot Oregon and ln the tributaries of the
H . ln. th ."T" -
and the rainbow trout series. The steel-
.v.- rn uA
" ' . ' ,
ln1 B"u l""";"'u "i " nu
mixed that they are lndlstlnmlsnabie.
The rainbow forms are confined to
the streams of California and Southern
Oregon. The cutthroat form are founJ
from Humboldt Bay northward to Brlt-
lsh Columbia and in all clear streams
on both sides of the Rocky Mountains,
It is supposed that the American
trouth originated in Asia, extended its
range southward to the upper Columbia.
thence to the Yellowstone and the Mis
souri via Two Ocean Pass. From the
Missouri southward to the Platte and
the Arkansas; thence to the Rio Grande
and the Colorado and then from the
Colorado across the Sierras to Kern
rlvAr- th0nM nnrtVi rvar A a rA rnBt.w(M
as far north as the Fraser.
or
lithium detected ln a solution of copper
nitrate."
Asked what he considered the conclu
sive results of his experiments. Profes
sor Kamsay said:
Remarkable Results
- "The remarkable results appear to In
dicate the following line of thought:
From its inactivity. It Is probable that
radium emanation belongs to the helium
series of elements. During Its spontan
eous change. It parts with an enormous
amount of energy. If the emanation Is
alone, or in contact with hydrogen and
oxygen gases, a portion Is " "decom
posed," or "disintegrated" by the en
ergy given off by the rest. The gas
eous substance produced in this case is
helium.
"If. however, the distribution of the
energy is modified by the presence of
water, that portion of the emanation
which is decomposed yields neon; if ln
presence of copper sulphate it yields
argon. '
"Similarly, the copper, acted upon by
the emanation, is 'degraded' by the first
member of Its group, namely, lithium.
It Is Impossible to prove that sodium or
potassium are formed, seeing that they
are constituents of the glass vessel ln
which the solution is contained, but
from analogy with the 'decomposition
products' of the emanation, they may
a lno bo products of the degradation of
copper."
Wonderful Discovery.
Though Professor Ramsay has ex
pressed himself ln a technical way that
scarcely appeals to the man on the
street, the great Importance of his
wonderful discovery is apparent To
all Intents and purposes he has actually
effected the transmutation of metals. By
subjecting the elements of copper to the
action of radium emanations, he has
built up copper; and by subjecting; cop
per to the same mysterious energy he
has succeeded in degrading copper into
lithium and Its other constituents. Ar
guing by analogy, as he plainly points
out, it should be possible to build up
other metals, even gold, from their ele
ments by the same process.
Involved as the statement of the sci
entist Is In technical phrases. It is plain
to see that a world-revolutionizing' dis
covery has been made. Professor Ram
say's discovery seems to have accom
plished what the old-world alchemists
strlved for so many-years in vain.
A Record-Breaker.
From the Los Angeles Herald.
Tne magistrate loogea seveny at the
chauffeur.
klff..
auiAoui.
That makes two people you've killed
in my Jurisdiction." he said.
"Besides five crippled," suggested the
chauffeur. ''Why, that's a peach of a
machine. They Just can't get away
from it." ......
"What did you say the make was?"
Inqulred the Magistrate, who liked an
occasional spin himself.
OREGON
--a t 'iKtlm- win
a
V'.'f
KLA.KAT LAKE cStCKE32
The cutthroat, probably the parent
form, from which all others of the
series have been derived, is found in
nearly all Oregon streams. It spawns
in the spring and early summer. Its
size depends upon the size of the body
of water inhabited and the amount of
the food supply; thus- In lakes where
the food supply; thus- in lake
there la ample food supply it
a large size The trout of the
wttff lnea&haiXgh,n Idao.
reacnes
Klamath
pounds,
mature
trout will not exceed 8 to 9 Inches and
i.iu m uni ii-i Lrvuiiu ait n l i n 1 1 l. ju u l ii n i
I . . - , . ,
T" co.. ii iiiaiuiu o.k a. iusm
of five or six inches. The cutthroat
la a fish which possesses game qual-
itles ln a very high degree, its vigor
?d y.rafiL,JU8n!58ie!,n5.-d?,ermJni.
lire uimrKlw Ul Ul nil cam in WHICH
It lives.
The Silver Trout
The silver trout Is a variety of cut
throat found ln the Deschutes and
other tributaries of the Columbia above
the Cascades. It reaches a length of
15 to IS inches and Is a very gamey
fish
The steelhead or salmon trout Is
FA MM IfHi I WH I FAIMTHf
miwouiuiaiiUAtfLiu
II Kl I ,
f
I I I I i
II II I;
s y:v. :.-.'.:;:::. -:-.-..';:.'rK:'?:-':--:,.:.'i'
T
HE Protestant churches of tho
United States spend annually the president of the oldest foreign mis
some nine millions of dollars for slonary organisation ln America, is re
foreign missions. The larger served the leadership of all the mls-
rart at this aim in administer
. J.,,ot,? v ' ministered
by official mission boards or societies,
connected with tha various denomlna-
tlona thA ramtnHr hmih inio..-
'
"nl organisations wun or without an
. ...
affiliation with definite religious bodies,
Of course many men are Involved ln
,h ' H Za TLw J . J-
tne collection and disbursement of this
great sum, and with but few exceptions
the men occupying official positions
with the mission organisations are
leaders ln their respective denomlna-
I,,, 1907.'
Fifty Trite of Tkis State More Plentiful and Afford
; Better Sport sTLan Ttose Found in Otter Sections
m
rV. -.
KOUNTAll
.A.
-
4v
found in all coast-wise streams.
Tt is
migratory, like the salmon, and
an hVS J A 4 MX J V1IB K llliuil. niiu J
more
or less anadromous ln its habits. Its
spawning season is a prolonged on-
and varies with the locality. The run
of steelhnAda In tha fnhimhlft la heav-
lest from August to November. The
maximum weight Is about 20 pounds,
but It does not usually .exceed rive or
six pounds, excejt during the period
following the spawning season. Steel-
heari ranks an one of the verv best
of food fishes. It also ranks high as
n Kuril linn. nnn II mi i nn iiiibsl
T V ' ' ,
upon, in ine wuna wnen tanen wilii
the fly. It has been propagated by the
fish commission with snarked success,
and Introduced into Lake Superior.
The rainbow trout -differ from the
.faolhon V, lorir.i- .m.1l
and brighter color, and from the out
throat series by larger scales and ab
sence of red on the throat. It is con
sidered by anglers the greatest of till
game rish. Jt reaches a weight or rrom
one-half to five or six pounds, though
Instances have been recorded of fish
weighing 20 pounds, though probabty
it was a cross with a steelhead. In
beauty of color, greccfulnpss of form The black bass, however, are fast run
and movement, sprightllness when in ning out the trout ln the Columbia, Wll
the water, reckless dash with which It lamette and other streams.
' , -. LJj
A
A 5 ' -
WPS
tlons. To one man, however, and he
sionary rorces or me country.
8amei Billings Capen of Boston, a
successful carpet merchant, might eas-
ily.be termed the foreign mission lead-
er or America, since i ne naa Deen
president of the American board of
commissioners for foreign missions.
uivDiucui is
nt th A rr
combining with wise executive powers
th deepest interest In the work for
wioh ftls organisation stands. The
American board, tt will be recalled, al-
though affiliated with the Congrega-
tlonsJ Church, is an i Independent mls-
slonary organization. It Is Just about
one hundred years old and In former
''i"':M
V'' V " . i
POLLY
TfcOUT
a'iswiaiiB HiJias
l, ll
J. V.V
I;
springs from the . water to meet the
descending fly, and the mad and re
peated leaps from the water when
hooked, the rainbow trout must ever
hold a very high rank. It Is a fish
whose gameness Will satisfy the most
exacting of expert anglers.
Only Charr Found In Weit
The common brook trout of Oregon
is similar to the typical rainbow trout.
Compared with the. cutthroat it is les
slender; the snod Is more rounded and
there is no red between the branches
of the lower Jaw. This trout rarely
weighs more than a pound.
The Dolly Varden trout is the only
charr found in the west Though res
ident In fresh water, it often descends
to the sea. It reaches a lenngth of
2 to 8 feet, and a weight of 6 to 12
pounds. It Is a voracious fish, feeding
freely upon whatever offers. It Is a
fsn of unusual beauty, and very game,
though its gameness varies greatlv
w)tn the character of the water and
tt.A rn (,pkiiUn MAi.t.i.
streams the Dolly Varden displays Its
..nn.n .a m nun mm. wimw
ou:i iui B uuiiuro, niiiwu BUUna
its kinship o eastern brook trout
The eastern brook, or speckled trout
has been Introduced Into a number of
streams In Oregon, and can be caught
today. It lives fully as well In Oregon
as in the eastern waters. Perhaps the
best fishing for eastern brook trout Is
in the upper Rogue river above the nat
ural bridge, where they were planted
some 12 years sgo.
Many other fishes have been intro
duced into Oregon, notably various va
rieties of the cat fish, carp, black bass.
and several varieties of lake trout, all
of which have done remarkahlv wll.
times the Reformed Dutch and the Pres
byterian foreign mission work was done
by It, as well as the Congregational.
The Reformed and Presbyterian churches
organized their own boards many years
sgo, and the American board la now
essentially a Congregational body. It
has never lost, however, that wide, in
terdenominational standing which It
had In early times, and this Is held by
some to be a reason why Dr. Oapen
ranks as high aa he does In the mis
sions ry councils of American Protest
antism. t,, n rann la m kM HK--l V..-
mess man. nn nan carnea into tne
administration of foreign mission fur
me Dusmess training mat raise.o.ajrnn
to become one of Boston's Ar7mot
merchants. His honors have not all
been religious. He has served as pres
ident of the Boston municipal league,
and ss an active member of the Bos
ton Indian citizenship committee, the
oston chamber of commerce, and tho
Boston school commission. Hs Is a
truiteo of Wellesley college, and Is con
nected with the United Society of Chris
tian Endnavor and several other re
ligious organisations.
When the laymen's missionary move
ment was launched last fall, it Was
natural that Dr. Capon should have
been chosen officially to lead It. The
movement grow out of the centennial
celebration of the American board, but
It Is strictly undenominational ln char
acter and numbers on its executive com
mittee, the representatives of practi
cally every Protestant denomination ln
America. Dr. Cnpen was chosen aa the
layman who stands in the forefront of
American missionary effort.
Dr. Capen Is sixty-five years of age
and. look.s ten years younger. He Is
an attractive speaker and makes un
Ideal presiding officer. Under his
leadership the American board haH
made marked advances, ln both Its work
on the mission fields and ln the admin
istration of its finances. The qualities
which brought business prosperity to
the carpet business with which Mr.
Capen is identified ln Boston have
brought Increased success to the Ameri
can board. Now the ability of the Bos
ton merchant is being extended, through
the laymen's missionary movement to
the mission effort of religious bodies
other than Congregational.
The Soul Weigher.
Who'll bridge tha sweet briaf's drop of
dew?
Who'll analyse the ether blue?
WhoU tell the beads of tremblir
light
On wastes or , flowers this
, night? J
im.er
Who'll find the rainbow's misty source
wno ii ioiiow comets in meir course?
Who'll mount on rays from yon pale
lllOflll,
And pluck from spheres their sliver
tune? .. , '
He who would probe the throbbing cells -Where
life's Inviolate mystery dwells.
r-iAa Foster Murray. -
1
7
;'' Li;':
'It:'