THE ; OREGON .; SUNDAY - PURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 23, 1907
VV II
mmk I I
of ehieao
7W. MARSHALL FIELD.
milk inspector."
It is ho likels that the hand.
tome, talented and popular widow of Chi'
capo's merchant prince will wear a badge con.
taming these words, yet such a badge could be
used appropriately to tell of her municipal
position.
Yes, Mrs. Field is a municipal official in
Chicago. She is at the head of the newU
pted Civic Health Commission a bods of
ties in every was. but especially to hdt stof
the annual slaughter of innocents through the
tale of impure, infected milk.
Since her husband's death, Mrs. Field
"has been living quietly in her beautiful home.
Society has been anxiously awaiting her return
to the brilliant rounds of social events in which
the is so well fitted to lead, for not only her
fortune of over $60,000,000, but her personal
charms and her accomplishments qualify her
If or social preeminence.
1 1 was with a gasp that society again saw
Tier name figuring in newspaper headlines
not as hostess at some brilliant function, but
try
' i -
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J:
ii5Sss1g asm
t d, ... ' " I 'I, , , "MIIIWl!lIMi4, - ' ''.u.. SY.'mWr
vr rf'ec'Jr Womc or -hyv"e Arcru
kw A head of a new and important movement
to save the babies of Chicago.
Mrs. Field hopes tq enlist under her new
banner many, if not most, of the $0,000
clubwomen of Chicago, and to conduct a cam
paign for public health and youthful lives that
will become memorable in the country's
annals.
WHAT MRS. FIELD ADVOCATES.
EVER f dairy, the dairyman', borne and the han
dling of the milk from the cow to the eonaumer
ahould be under the strict observation of the
health authorltlea.
All milking- hould be done with automatlo ma
chine which exolude the air aa nearly ae poeelble.
The greater the expoiure to air, the greater the pol
lution of milk
Milk ihould be hermetically aealed at the dairy
and the package not allowed to be opened until they
reach the consumer.
City distributing stations for the handling of milk
lould be done away, with and deliveries made direct
fom dairy to consumer.
jsvery precaution should be taken to prevent sedi
ment from falling Into milk, ae the smallest speck
forms a nucleus for the multiplication of germs, which
. increase so rapidly that they can be witnessed with
the naked eye ,
Care ahould be taken to see that milk Is not dis
tributed from the home of any dairyman where there
Is any kind of contagious disease, as by this means a
whole- city may be afflicted.
Absolute cleanliness and the highest known de-
rree of sanitation should be enforced at alt dairies and
n everything connected with the handling of mlljo
EACH year thousands of babies perish because of
adulterated and Impure milk furnished by self
ish commercialism to the masses' In the big
cities; thousands of little innocents are poison
ed in their cradles, unable to utter a cry of protest
that some one may get rich.
In Chicago, already with an unenviable reputation
for adulterated foods, conditions have become appall
ing. In vain pure food advocates like Paul Pierce had
waged battle, and hopeless seemed the prospect of
betterment to Dr. W. A. , Evans, recently appointed
health commissioner, until he thought of the women
of what work, under an able leader, they could do.
He thought of Mrs. Field, a woman of noble mind,
deeply interested in the good of the city. Could he in
duce her to head an advisory board of citizens to aid
the health authorities?
Dr. Evans told his plan to Mayor Busse. who In
turn, sent a recommendation to the City Council, and
the appointment of such a body waa authorised.
Mrs. Field promptly consented to serve the city
and the' public With ner upon the commission were
placed such prominent men aa Dr. Nicholas Senn. Dr
Frank Billings, Dr Charles IS. Hahle, Dr. William E.
Qulne and Dr. C. H. McKenna. ,
yes," said Mra Field, when questioned regarding
her work in the Interest of Chicago of Chicago's chil
dren especially "I shall work with the members of
the commission in every ana an v way that mv ability
will permit Why shall I do thlaf
TIME FOR WOMEN TO ACT
"Ih thl city thousands of children depend for sus
tenance upon the milk eent them from th country milk
often filled with filth, seething with noxious germs a
liquid poison that must either send the helpless little
ones to their graves or enfeeble them, so that if they
An withstand it and grow up. they are weak t-'i
competent emier yoiriiuuii or uicnwiiy Door unit
ures to whom death might be a blessing. .
Is it not increaioie to tninic mat men will wreck
lives or tne innocent little ones ror private gain?
not time that something should be done?
Ah. let tne women neio. ut tnem instruct zhe
roor mothers who take the impure milk and deal death
o the dear ones of their hearta unknowingly. Lt the
wlaer mothers protect the weaker and Ignorant Let
us by all means, sav th children."
' Mra Field Is a tal), handsom woman, whoa aoft
balr la atlri dark, wtaoae freah cheeka f till ajlow Ilka
thoae of a girl. Her eyes, th mature eyea of a kind
hearted woman, becama auffuaed with teara aa aha
spoke.
She aat on the porch of her Pacific avenue mansion,
the breezea from the lake aweeplng- caressingly about
She lifted her hand, upon which costly g-ems aparkled,
and pointed toward the poorer aectlon of the city.
"The little babies," aha murmured, and there waa a
pathetic motherly cadence In her voice; "the little
bablea that are dying, that are Buffering, and no one
knowa, no one seems to care."
Suddenly her eyea flashed and her voice grew
atrong-.
"They are bringing milk here now milk thirty-six
or forty-eight hours old. They, are bottling It, col
oring It, adulterating; it, and tomorrow the bablea will
drink It Oh, the women of Chicago muit do some
thing." And the women wtlL
Within the laat few weeka Mrs. Field haa been
busy enlisting the help of all the clubwomen of the
city- A.n energetlo campaign of -exposure la to be car-
MoMrflif to&yHas Pictured the PbAntfcCAteD
H
AS it over occurred to you that card-play
ing ia the mdst popular and universal
game, as well aa among the moat engross
ing and most ancient forma of amuse
ment f
Have you' ever wondered when the kings and
queens and jacks and knaves originated; when man
first had a "full hand" or made "trump"?
, Were you to delve into the history of playing
cards, you'd have to go way back to an early period
of Indian history. Hundreds and hundreds of
years ago the rajahs of India playedwith circular
-eauds which bore quaint, mystical Hindoo designs.
These cards, historians tell us, had their origin in
eheia. However, that may or may sot be. Cards
UIVW '-. 7
S7yor WTS.. xdl
rted on. Every woman who buys bad milk unknow
ingly w'll be told what kind of milk her dealer
aervea, and ahe will be told the unbelievable terrora
lurking In the Innocent-looking bottle ahe puta to her
baby'a lips. She will be told where to gtet pure and
certified milk.
And more. Women with money plan to open model
dalrlea near Chicago and supply milk to the people of
the poorer sections of the city at actual cost.
The movement has only begun. Mrs. Field is mar
shaling her forces. With her associates on the com
mission plans are being discussed for punishing those
who sell bad milk and Impure food and bettering, in
j 1 Arm? o
r
became popular in Europe in 1879, and since then
many kinds of games with them have been invented-
BKTWEEN the gam of chess and the game of
cards there Is a striking relation the idea of
war. There Is another singular fact: in neither
the Indian card games nor in chess did the
queen appear. When the sovereign woman took rank
next the king in the fifteenth century she took the
place of th Indian vixier and the prime minister of
th cards In vogue in Europe.
A statute waa enacted In Ulm, Germany, in 1S97
prohibiting card playing. Several yeara before, in IKS,
a aet of cards bad been designed for the amusement
of Charles VI, king ot France, who suffered from mel
ancholia. - -r-' ...... -4
Th first historical mention of cards la in a manu
script of Nicholas da Bovellesso, of Vlterbo, written
la U(7. Cards ar dasoribed as of "Saraoenlo origin."
every possible way, the food supply of Chicago.
Already good work haa been done. But even aa yet
Mrs. Field haa not matured her plana fully in fact
ahe haa not decided on any program.
"But I'll do the best I can," she aaid. "Among the
principal duties of the new commission will be the In
vestigation of conditions and the discussion of plans
of betterment. The task Is monumental, but I am
sure that we shall succeed
"Dr. Evans, the health commissioner, haa done ef
fective work In prohibiting the trafBo in Impure milk.
He has the sympathy of all the women of the city,
and I do not believe any of the women'a cluba will re
fuse help."
That they will not haa been assured by the prompt
and vigorous action of Mrs. Walter McNabb Miller,
chajrman of the pure food committee of the Oeneral
Federation of Women'a Cluba. Mra. Miller haa inau
gurated a movement with the purpose of interesting
wealthy women In the establishment of modern
dairies.
MAKES REFORM FASHIONABLE
Already a number of women have started model
dairy farms. One of the finest model dairies In the
United States is conducted by Mrs. Grace Durand, her
self one of the richest women in the country. Her
purpose is to supply milk to the people of Chicago at
actual cost
Since Mrs. Field officially became a milk Inspector,
it Is not uncommon to hear the discussions at aooial
functions confined to the bst methods of running
model farms, rather than to the styles from Parte.
No one can guess what the results may be of the
lnten-st of these women. With Mrs. Field, the leader of
fashion, leading the crusade against Impure milk,
what can the other women, who formerly copied her
dresHOs, do but start model dairies?
Chicago has undergone many regenerations; ahe
has had her political upheavals, her clean-up by school
children, and no a pure food crusade by the women
of leisure. Whon the women of society turn from silk
and ermine to interesting themselves In the red-blooded
problems of a big city and take a hand in actual bet
terment, there Is promise of great results.
Much of the credit for starting the pur food cru
sade la Chicago belongs to Paul Pierce. Mr. Pierce
worked valiantly; he did much effective work, but the
food producers laughed up their sleeves at hla efforts.
Dr. Evans was appointed health commissioner after
a scarlet fever epidemic. With Mayor Busse the com
missioner discussed conditions. First of all, he de
cided, there must be a campaign of enlightenment Ha
ECflLlTE DC RANC
ejfftr..
Cjfof fre fhercr
tYcro fatten:
tmiiiwarfu
There is no doubt that playing cards were long known
to Aaiatio people.
The cards designed for Charles VI, known as tarota,
bear no resemblance to the modern playing cards. A
pack of tarots Is preserved In Paris. They are twice as
I large as the modern card, and bear allegorical designs.
The deck numbers seventy-eight cards; there ar
four suits of numeral cards, each suit containing a
picture card king, queen, knight or knave. , .
Instead of the familiar hearts and clubs, these an
cient cards bore cups, swords, money and sticks, rep
resenting the four classes clergy, soldiers, merchants
'and laborers. Twenty-two of the cards were em
blematical, having figures relative to the sun, the -devil,
temperance, the gallows, the laat Judgment; evea
religious dignitaries figured on them. , -
There waa an unnumberet card, showing a buffoon.
Which took the same rank asvthe "Joker" in modern
euchr. Whether these cards were used in th entire
pack of seventy-eight, or whether - the emblematlo'
cards were united with the suits and formed aa. Older '
deck, la aot definitely known. . v j." ;
AfrtA ' -
had the tmlp of hla friend, Paul Pie roe; t Taaaaaiftartvl
what work women had don la other citlea, and than
h thought of Mra. Field. . , , '
Dr. Evans expects to make hi aide a yowwrfflf
agency of inquiry and co-operation, and thronrH them
to eryetallla publio sentiment Into an surttv fore foe
better living. . ' V . ...
la nines ox epiaemio. uen a scarlet fver, aipm
therla and other contagious diseases, the oommJasloi
will be aaked to aid the Health Department la allays
Ing sickness and preventing the apread of dlaeaa. ;,
-mu ujt uiuci Vi, iiio uuuinussitm win o nasi ,qou rjj
Dr. Evans to a special field of work. Thia la th first
atep toward Inaugurating aa educational campaign la
the interest of Chlcago'a health and aanltatloa, , Th
educational forcea of the city will be appealed to ton
help.
CAMPAIGN OF EDUCATION
"Tlie selection of the commission la In Una wttB .
our plan of. broadening the work of the department
aaid Dr. Evans. "It is done because. If my servloes to
the city are to be worth anything, I feet that a great
f1Ml fit .A 1 1 f I nn 1 Wn r V tniifl, h aha Ik mmmmwA , .
public health. ' .:
"Mra. Field was selected becauae we felt that th
women of Chicago, who are aa much Interested In th .
health problem aa the men, ahould be represented oa
the commission. I am sure she will render the eltf '
valuable aervlce. - '
"We want to have more energy In th work of mak ,
Mayor will consult with me on the publio policy of th
department We will take up the relations of this
department to the milk supply, the Isolation hdspltala, J
the control and suppression of epidemics, quarantine '
regulations, tle management of lodging1 houses and
the pure food movement in general.
"We realized tne importance or interesting to .
women'a oluba and believed we only oould do II
through some prominent clubwoman. So we sough)
out Mra. Field. We found her glad to undertake It,
This department will furnish the material, and Mra
Field will give us a chance to present it to th woman, '.
"We will have a apeaker to lay our plans before
the cluba We think the 60,000 clubwomen of Chicago ..
will furnish a splendid amount of energy for th de
partment They have been aettling various question
In their discussions; now let them get Interested la
this, a vital subject. They have th time, and they caa
make this city a healthier Chicago. Within a month
I expect to reach th consideration of lodging houses."
It haa practically been decided that while th work ,
of th new civio commission will be devoted to th '
uhle'cts of food and health generally. Mra Field will
have charge of the work relatrv to th city's milk
supply by far the moat Important food and total ill
problem confronting the city.
Women who are acquainted with Mra Field's Ideas
on the milk subject expect to witness a crusade eubh
aa haa not been conducted In Chicago In many years.
Mrs. Field Is convinced that th great Infant mortality
all over the country can be traoed to impure milk.
It la mentioned that half of th city of Detroit was "
affected with r. scarlet fever epidemio not long ago, all
of which was traced to a single case of th dlaeaa la
a dairyman' home. . . '
Mrs Field has secured th latest works oa th aub
lect of milk, and is conversant with th results of :
investigations conducted by agricultural experiment
stolons "h United States department of Agrloulturi
and hv milk experts all over the world.
A etudy ofthe scientific aide of th subl.ot haa
,.T,Vtnred her that the publio has never realised the)
fn danger, of milk-that the death and illness It causes
has never been guessed by the public i generaUy.
Racked by sSch opinions, born of careful study and
research her Interest thoroughly aroused as to th
fmncVtance of the task on which she has mbarksd.
1,? oDDortunlty to execute her Ideas being aug men tl ,
w Sn. lt is not improbable that Chicago max
become a world example of how a city- milk suppl?
should be conducted.
Borne time during 1420 and 1440 Etlenn d Vlgnoles,
a French courtier, designed a pack of cards for Chart
VII which were the originals ot th carda aa w know!
them. The full tarot paok Is sUU ws4 In rmotj parts)
of Europe by to peasants. . T; : ' .:'"
Among the most antique cards ar a pack wMonJ
originated In Germany. They boro leaves, bells, hearts)
and acorns. The bell represented th bridl oa the
horses of knights, th acorn was th national emblera
of Germany, and th leaf Is supposed to b aa lnv
slon of the heart.
Decks of suits ot diamonds, clubs, hearts anoi
spades are believed to hav originated with D Vt4
gnole in 1425. Th design of th heart was taken fro rat
the German card; th spade, called -pique," rprsnt4
a spearhead; the club, called "trefle." was a variation
of the acorn, while the diamond Is said to have reprat,
eented the head of a crosa-bow bolt , . '
The king ot the suit cards Is said to b derive
from the sultan on the eastern cards, th knight auo-
ceedlng the Indian visler. and th queen later taking
this place. The knave waa formerly regarded a '
boy, son of th king and queen.. The origin Of the,
character and his change from a prince or courtier te ,
the debased position of rogue Is uncertain, . '
Upon tracing th development Of th gam and th)
change of designs on can read th history of n ac
tions and of customs.
On the old French cards of the time ot De VI gnole. -
appeared the reigning monarch of th day. court favor
ites, political Intriguers, court beauties, ail, of course,
under fictitious names, which any on of th time eoul4
recognise. At this time th cards wer executed by hand
In brilliant colore, and War unusually attractive.
No doubt you, hav read.the story of the monkey
masque ot Charles VI, Of bow the king and his courtiers,
disguised as monkeys, engaged In a debauch, and how all
except the king and one courtier were burned to death.
There followed a deck of cards with illustrations rep
resenting the catastrophe. Instead of the king and queen
of hearts appeared the figures of a male and female mon
key; instead of the knave ot clubs appeared a hideous
ape, representing the Duo d'Orleana, brother of the kin,
who Is aaid to hav conspired with the queen In atartimf
the fir with the purpose of destroying the life of the
when you tak out your deck of carda, scan th f
Of th king, and mark the resemblanc to portrait -King
Henry VIU of England There is a tradncr. I
effect that the present king of hearts was d' -
represent the "Defender of the Faith," and that f " ' -nt
queen was designed In honor of hi ,,tb-"rj ,,,! '" , i
of York. wU of Henry VIL Early In l' ;' :' ' ' . ?
hood and squaro-throated bwllce wre !" ' . ;. ,
i rank, and the rose in the hand of ti B' '
. blem of th JJous ot York. .