THE OREGON. SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUriDAY
MOilNING. MARCH 17. ' J?S3
i S I I
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loiiiliillp:
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ITH the return of spring; the circus
tent wilt soon again be spread tn
the land, containing its wonders
t tf menagerie cage and performance ring.
t - Soon the small boy, as well as his father"
tend big brother, will be watching with breath
Uss interest the marvelous tricks of the train-
id animals. " ' '
m
There Is the trained ring horse or pony,
for instance; IF hat really wonderful tricks ,
f lie performs I - How cleverly he sets a table
; wd rings the dinner bell, opens a chest and
- twigs any object for which his' master asks, " .
pf walks to a blackboard and does "sums" as
i readily as a schoolboy $ 1 '.y-;-
In fact, the horse is rlally a schoolboy - .
" b the equine sort--graduated after a long .
. and tedious series of lessons During all the : r
Tong winter he has been going to school, under "
the care of a patient teacher. i
'. Trick horses begin y learning jhe d, B,':..J
ju of ring performances just as children be
' 'gin their lessons, at the bottom of the ladder.
Whey perform tricks' correctly, not through
lany-thought processes of their own;Jbut be
tause they .learn to do mechanically certain
things taught by the 'trainer. y ; ; .
This school period is no pleasanter to a
V 'horse than to the average childs. The animal
" ts punished when unruly; and must keep at a
,. lesson day after day until it is entirely mas
: tcred.'' " , - 'U
Some horses are bright and learn readily,
tthers are just as stupid as they can be. Some
again -like little boys and girls get stubborn
t' and have to be petted and caressed until they
get over their ill temper. ' i, '-
I
N CONDUCTINO lite achool for honwa, tha tralar
moat b u careful and patient w th tMwbw of
littl fcumasa. ' KladiwM doea far mora than punlab
aoant is promoting profreae. "V . y - .
' Boraaa ar (ond of awoctneata. Thejr hay a waak
aaa (or aucar Indeed, tola la aa treat a pasaloa with
the oolt aa with tha Uttla girl or boy v&a worka erer
tha anoat'puBaUna;. arlthmetio problem npoa promlaaa of
a box Of caady. ' v' ; ' u
. , Tha trainer knowa hla pupll'a falling, and Jnat aa he '
paolabea him whan' ha refuaea to learn, aa he rawarda
him when ha la obedient and willing. TAera are tew
haraea, knowing a ramji of augar la is atore for them,
that do not try their utnsoet to aooomplh tha moat
flltncttlt leeaon. . , v- ', -. ,
l Tbarefora, one of tha moat important aeereU of horae
. f training la to hare a pocketful of augar.
It To go to a clrcua thla aummer,.wateh cloeely and
yon will aea the trainer reach Into hla pocket and
stealthily slip aomathlng into tha horse'a mouth after ho
haa dona hU "atont" . ........ ,
There la aoarealy any limit to tha trtcka which horaea
' tamj bo taught. Perhapa tha moat difficult for a horae
te learn are mathematical problema and 'mouth tiicka"
8a many- varloua morameata muat be mastered tn tha
ajoeompUahment of theae that aaccaaa maana a long and
J tediooa Job for tha trainer. ' . . , '.,. :,( . . '. ,: . .
: One of the oaeleet things to taach a horoa ta to walk -'
rope, provided tha rope la strong. , .
T However, tha trainer begins with tha first letters of ,
(he equine alphabet the simplest trloka. . Horses are'.
' ' usually trained while the circus Is occupying winter
v cjasrtera. New eolte are taught each seasoo, so If any
. of the old favorites die there are othera to take their
L laoa. .
Take a yoang eolt, wlldv unmanageable, and put him '
- snder an efficient trainer; by spring he will be able to
: go into, the ring, tell the secrets of hla age, race the -'
clowns, fire cannons and do other dsre-devllJsh things "
' last send thrills through the audience.
J TAUGHT THEIR O WN NAMES FIRST ;
' ' "The first thing wa do," sasd one of tha best-known
oqueetrian dlretors In the country, "is to teach the horse '
, Ms name. We usually train the horses that era born
wl:h vai tha animals ara generally celled by. the name ;
of the town where they are born. Thus the names of
t onr pupils msy be Columbus, Marietta, Philadelphia,
P- l'roridence. Memphis, and so on.
r "Any kind of a horse ean be trained. As a rale, wa
da not try to select amy one breed, gome horses aro
naturally bHsht; others dull. Insufferkbly dull. .
"When we begin teaching a new horse we select a -.
00 let spot for the ring. There muut be few distractions. '
t W teach each horse separately; wbcs several have ao-:
cODip tinned a trirk, we take them In groups."
First of all. the pupil is led into a rln and a string '
I tied to his hit. He Is to be taught his name.
"Iters, Bun Francisco," the trainer .calls, pulling the
airing, -and drawing the horse toward him. When ha ,
utters the command the trainer assumes a certain pos j
ture, hnlAna the whip In his band. As tha borsa ap-
piwhee ho drops the whip.
This Is done over and over ' again. - Gradually the :
- herss learns that whsn the trainer assumes this posture
end utters the name ho la expected to go to1 him. lie -f
finally dove It without th uae of the suing.
? Tsclung ths animal to reverse la the second lesson.
Its e led about toe ring, re vera tug on his hind legs. At .
; prat . the trainer leads him, uttering the command
., "rhansn" every time he turns hjra around. - After a time
. the horse learns to trot about ths ring, turning around.'
If tha trick Is dons well, ha receives sugar. ' tf not.
be receives a Uuw uf ths nhlp. It Is not long before
he knows the movements ha must describe to receive hla
aweetateat.
flora ths flret. the; horse most be Impressed with tha '
- fart that tha trainer la aaaater. Horeea, like people, have
eortrary aprlls and cranky days. Somollmes they will
. learn a trirk, and two weeks sfterward will refuse to
- do It They make up their minds that they lli not
thave, and the trainer ts compelled to whip them, snd
.vtIt, tun. If the animal thinks he haa the advantage,
' U U ainer might ao wall give up tha Jos. .
, .,'.'.,:':
: Y7 -j tall : ,, ... :, - .... . .feYr-.!' 1L
After punishing tha horse tha trainer .muat let hla ,
know ha does not hoM any grudge. - As soon as be la
over, hla spall of HI temper and performs tha trick ha ,
Is rewarded with augar. Good tralnerg always pat and
caress tha horses encouragingly attar, their lesson. ,,
A horse will learn hla name and perform tha Initial
tricks In probably two weeks. . By tnit time, unless ha
la cantankerous by nature, be will grow to lore the? man
with tha . whip who gives aim confections And, flatters ,
him. ' ..j V '.,...,".." j !' '.; ..;. ,' ... ': -.
. Than hs is given a more dlSloult lesson tn pedestal .
Work. Really hard work begins. .-..V-l J-: 1 V
' The tralnor must be a roaa with teSntto patlenos. He
must study tha nature .of tha boras each one requires
different treatment. ... One thing la carefully observed by '
all directors the same posture and gesture muat always
aooompany tha same command, as tha horse learns, what .
ha is required to do by tha position, the command and .'
tons of tha trainer. .',..-,.., . '.''
Now, to teach the haras to mount a pedestal. Tha .
trainer brings tha pedestal to tha animal. Of ooUras tha
pupll does nut anderstand what ha la expected to do. Tha
' trainer therefor leads him to tha pedestal and places hla .
foot on tha first atsp. : ; ,; , . -s ,
, Mount!" Ha repeats tha wosd several times, placing .
- tha horse's foot oa ths atsp each time. ' Thla la done .
day after day. Slowly ths horae begins to know what
ho is to do when he. sees the trainer approach with tha '
pedestal, and upon bearing tha sharp command "Mount!" .
places his foot on tho sup, : The trainer at each com- ..
mand strikes tha earns attitude, and points to tha pedestal
with his whip. , j . ... ' . :..f ., '- -
MANY PEDESTAL TRICKS 'r"i
- There are many pedestal bricks. Ths most familiar .
Is where a number of horses mount stairs, facing each
other, and form a pyramid. . After each animal has ,
learned to mount tho pedestal separaiely, aavaral ara '.
brought Into tha ring; and with tha nsa of lines they ars 1
taught ts mount one after . the other.. . In time they '
' become soeustomad to oonoertad movement .and act to- .
gather st a command. ' Thsrs is ne thought on tha part
of tha horses. . They learn that when ths trainer raises
his whip they ara to go up; that when hs drops It they
ara to daecend. '.: -.' ! j! ' 'V" "'
With every trick the trainer assumes a different atti-'';
: tnde; every command la uttered Id a slightly ohanged
tone of voice. Ths borsa learns to take tha amallest eus .
tha lifting of a finger, a frown, a smile, tha raising or
dropping of a whip, a step forward, a step backward. .
, Imagtna tho tuna and labor required to taach a horse
a series of tricks; with what parlance and cars tha trainer
must teach ovary movement and' series of manoeuvres
required... ... --;"..-.'.,,'.' ' '
'" " A common trick for tha horss Is to roll a baa " Now,
If you wars to place a ball before a horss, how would
yon go about teaching him to roll it with hla noset -
It's easy. Tha trainer takes ths horse's head and
places It sgalnat a chair. Uttering a low command,
'Bnoott" hs pushes the horse's head against ths chair,
and It topples over, lis picks up the chair, uttering ths
sams command, and upsets it again with ths horse's
bead. This is done over and over again, day after day,
until ths horae pushes over ths chslr wlienever he hears
the command. After this, a ball Is substituted for ths
chair. Instead of falling, the ball rolis, and tha horss
naiurairy ioiiows IL
Of courae, you have seen' a horss chasing a clown
about the . ring. How the clown - runs, dodging tha
champing, pawing baat that pursues blral Why. you
think, tas horse la really mad, he hates the clown. Hot - '
at all ....
A clown enters ths ring where the celt Is being j .
trained. Ths trainer almnly takes a line, and aa tha !: '
clown runs pulls the horae after him. The faster ths
clown goes ths harder the trainer pulls on' ths line.
' This stmpls lesson Is reneeted again and again. After 1 -each
performance the horae gets his sugar. In tlms he t
becsmes so accustomed to running after ths fleeing clown -'that
he will do so mechanically. '
' When the horae haa luvom, ' nrnflrlxnt In trtrka of '
thts sort hs Is promoted to tha high school. Month
tricks ars tna algebra and geometry of his senior year.
All tricks, such as drawing with chaik.s picking op
objects snd making grimaces are classed under this head.
in is la wnere norse training becomes a science.
hMtarfd'from a mle.
iou nsvs seen noraes go to a c
cenaneous collection of Jxilla
other srtlclee, pick out article after article as they were
called for. Or you have seen horss-mat hematiclans go -to
a blackboard and multiply and or subtract. . .'.
TEACHINO THE DIFFICULT TRICJtS
' To teach tha horss to pick up a handkerchief When
ever It la dropped Is difficult. Some cannot be taught
ts do this. . . , - ,
As ths first step the animal muat learn to hold the
handkerchief In bis mouth. It must be forced between
his tectb. When It Is taken awav the horae Is netted.
This Is dons until the horae opena Ms mouth and takes
iiif niniiercniri wrwn nanoea to mm.
When he docs tbte, ths handkerchief Is beM a little
dlstanca sway. Hs begins to reach for It. Tbn tt Is
lowered, little by llttln, as long ss he follows It with his .
herd. When he follows It to the floor, the trainer dangles
It before him sad drops it to ths ground, caressing him
If be picks H up. 7 .
Now a red hsadkershlef Is brought Into play, Ths
trainer sssumes a different attitude and utters hie com
mand In another tone of voice sa hoteaches tha horae to
pick tip tha red material. The anlmsl'learns to dlstlsgulea
ths cuesnot ths huss and finally picks up any hanikar-1
chief upon command.
nd. A. fairly Intelligent horse ean ba v
g handkerchief to half a day. .. .., : ,
taught to pick up
,' A horss which hss learned to hold a handkerchief
hardly objects to holding a piece of chalk. Than coma ;
bsj lemons tn mathematics.. J . ' - .v - - J, '
" '.He Is taken to a blackboard, ehslk is placed between ''
bis teeth. ' Hs Is commanded to draw, for example the I
flgurs J'fnur." ' Tha trainer takes; bis head, and by f
moving It gently draws tha figure as he gives the 'com-1
tsnd. . This Is repeated until the-horss mechanically;,
makes a similar motion cf his head upon hearing this .
oosimand. Ha la taught to writs other figures, a dlffer
etit command and a different Sua being given for each'.'
ona. Then coma combinations. ' .' 'f-
; "Multiply four times four !". - ':L V r t . -A , "7 ' ;. And brings forth a helLo AfW thsfba' Is cemmanded to lasts; and thsrs are makers who charge ons sat ofj rus
' Tha horse, havmg Isarned to associate thl 'contenand bring a bottle, a handkorcWef; a -uh Vm s, .' '.'." tomsra these prices and another set lt o IU for stmflar
with a series of motions of his head, goes to ths board v . - When tha animal la trained the .beU.jnaced ta.'ans hoes, and serrlcav ..?,-., i;y , "
L 1 . I
m aw : m
sxv vvo x ..
Dr.
Charte
ttl'CutChtOJl. t -
ITEJT.i. Charles Metcteon, pronv
r ineht phyMoian of Taooma, Wasbl, was ,,
a boy in England h lored to lis in tha .
. meadows and hedircrowi listenisff to
v tho'sofia of . ths skylark, ths linnet and ths gold-
. finch..'' - '' ' '' ', ' '. ''-"
. Mors than anything else sines ho settled In this ,
, country haa hs missed . the tweet tones , of these '.
'.songster of the English ,nelds. ',
y. .'like an inspiration, came ths thought soma
months ago. Why not . import number of these
song birds oi ths. old country, and. in time, 11 tho v.
' meadovi, fields and forests of the Paoifio coast
with the bird melody of the British Isles I ; , ,
, ' . Just the thing, promptly decided ths physician,
and that is why be has undertaken to stock Wash
ington and Oregon with ths feathered singers that'
hs lotsd ia his childhood, ' : . '. , . K .
enansw.',. ,."
. . - i
V"':;-ii,t'iV:V::;..V;.
-7 -
.-tr
fu - '
A 7v I:
; .. . (T Url i
v
' v
-"--
1
and writes ML f ,'t- f . . ,
- "Subtract M from WUf. -"v. " ' t ' '
The trainer changes. his poetorc. 'lowers bis tons of
voice. Tha horse recognises the command aa calling for
another series of headabaksa agatnstHha blackboard, and
writes t '.,- " ' . '.". f''.-.'... - J . .. '.-'". :
... A horss .must hava IntalUgsacs to leers, to diaMnguish '
ons command from' another, -birt there 'it ' ceases la
mathematics., Horses, are'yerjr cSservknt animals and
readily see cues and changes: of positions which arm not
noticed by ths spectator. ,"- , ' ''
Take ths horss that goes to aT and selects articlee. ,
'I- Tha horse goes to thibox. 1, -ta ths, lid With pis noes (
f- ssswarey . arw , r?;4 wa7 ta.
INO anthusUstlnlover1 la'plan; Dr. McCutchootf.
B
went to England himself, accompanied by Mrs.
HcCutcbcon, . to- select birds, for oownuauon
, . akms; ths Pacific r , ; -
When he started .froro'.Uverponl oh his etara hs
' had five.dcaen' akylarks,' faur1 doseft lrtinta and three
doses - goWfinchss. . Buth.a. -ocean . voyage ' Mid ths
long and more trying train journey scrota' tha contl--
sent prayed too much for meat. of .them. ',. " - A
Reaching Taooma,, the doctor found only forty sky
larks, six' linnets and one goldfinch alrra. Instead of
' being dlsmaysd by this misfortune, ha has written for
- additional shipments of. thess birds, and hss also In
cluded blackbirds arid throstles:,; A, h- ':
Tha blrda ha brought over werg ' kept iB'aa 'lll-.
vsntllated portion of the exwrefne forward pari of
tha ahrp. Tho motion 'of ths veaael there -was pro-."',
S bounced, and this,' with othar.nntoward cohdltlons. ths .
doctor thinks, caused ths Jarge aestn rate... wany oK -
ths blrda ware la such a reduced stats that taejr-dled
a fsw days after arrlvlntr. ! Thoes tbat lived ara Bow :
wail, active and anoarently rsadv to tsckls t8s task.
of colonising tha Paclfla coast BUtas." - 'V V "'iVclstion'.of 1U charm af aong has now thrown protsW
r- Climatic .conditions m - western Washington - and; tlon about It.'Whlls tha skylark. Is a migratory btvd, I
Oregon. Dr. McCutcbeon asserts ars aa weU adapua to-v
. k .M.,IU At Hi fMfker&rf artnntara u la ni
climate of Englasd, Ireland and Scotland. He la oon-.'
-r fldeat- ths skvlarks will sooa hssotns aocustomad . to .
tbelf new envlronmenu and will eurprtee
the' rapidity with which' they spread'
coast' and Rocky , Mouh tain .States,
. . he 1 lav a." -hs' said.", "that If we can nro'
eatlns lAtka and linnets from ths small hoy. and tha
,old blrdslfrorath man wltk ths ahottun, aur forests
and Balds wilt sooa as wall stocked with tbera. , -J
"Allths varieties of birds I am Importing ars hardy
fsllsws, well Able to taks ears of themsslrss amid new
asrrAundlnga. The, sky lark la especially dear ts ma,
and I hope ts ha able, at any rats, to stock thla Puget
Bound region with them., r, .'4 . - '' -1 '
. . ,,. , . ':: : '..' ' 'r . '"..- - . , ' i
- V THE ONB TOUCH NEEDED )
"While tha Psclrto-aoaat la one of the most favored
regions of the world, all pf'aa who Jove country Ufa
know thsrs Is a great lack of sieging birds here... Our
forests ars desolations of silence. Tha fields ars still.
Singing blrda make a psychological change In. a land-,
scape tbat Inspires and lifts,, . ,
"They ars to ths field, ths forest, ths orchard and.
ths garden tha one grand touch of nature, and 'as ths
earth' grows mora enlightened their singing will be
found as aacsssary la tbs ethical development of ths
race as la their appetites in he elimination of tree
pasts and field insects." v.oi'
. : . ... , ' .- r .''
comer of the box, tha bottle in another, tha handkerchief 7
In another, tha can perhaps In ths middle. And tha
position of each article is never changed. '
First of all ths horse Is led to ths nog. hla head '
pressed against -the lid, and hs Is taught to. open It by y
force. He Is then taught to hold ths bottle In his mouth : .
Just as the handkerchief. . Hs begins to follow- tha botUa,
and becomes familiar with tha corner where it la placed.'
Bo with tha tin can. tha ball or whatever articles may be , "
, selected... ' . , . ."'",.'. .'';' '.,':, .
When ha hears tha request' for tha bottls ha goeo ta
the box and creature of habit that ha is reaches to tha ' ;.
corner where be la aura to find tha article. Tha trainer
always gives commands in tha same suocessloa. Nothing .
'. at all remarkable about It-.. The horae merely follows hla
euttorn and uses no Judgment what aver. ,'.;,
.' Tod are probably wondering how horses oaa eor
rsctly stamp tho number of days a week with their (eat. ..
.. How they look at a party of visitors In a tent where they
1 are being trained and stamp tha correct number of par
aons In tha psrtyt.''.,7'-""-"57 "':,";"'7 "'T . .
By hitting ths paw of ths young hdrse with a whip
' .' the trainer gets hint to stamp his foot. Bvery time, tha 'V.
stick worries him ha begins to stamp, C -" .1 '';,'
x 'How old ara your tha trainer asks, giving him a -.
. Uttla rap. '. He begins to paw tha ground. Whan ho has
kicked two or thoea times tha trainer raises his hit and '.
distracts hla attention. He stops patng. Py constant :
practlca ha learns to stamp hla foot a certain n urn bar tt '
'' times at each aonunand without the uae of tha whip.
When you see a horae "look sleepy. close hla eyes,
. " stretch hto'.neck and yawn, don't believe him. He goes .
Z through this performance because tha trainer, has forced s
him to do so after-a certain command. . This ta one oi(
ths aifflcult tricks to teach a horse. - " ' '
- J. "How do yon walk when tha ladlea rider' asks the
trainer. ' He Ukea tho new pupil and leads him around
1 Jfhs ring, hit!
." tris-
: atrlkss hla lei
hitting hla lags Ughtiy ao that hs raises them -
along daintily. When he aska him to walk 0
gentleman were on his back, tha trained
leg sharply with tha whip. Tha animal rears
and kicks. Ha . soon learns to 'know the difference bo-
'. twoen tha two eoramanda. .'. ' . -' . -j. '
-T". "Xhtia hundreds of other triolwore- taughC -TbeJe Jal
.'V-' no aecret about It at aU, na myaterioua InHuence oxeitad
00 the horses by trainers, -l'-V 1
It la long and hard work work requiring' untiring pa
tlance. .-That la all. , ,.--;'- ' -' V'V. '.
,,. '' ',; What la really remarkabls Is, the' perception of. the
hones; how they note tha Una distinction between cues.
". By training, a practically worthless horse may be
- - come valuable. Some of the poorest breeds make the
r hast performers. The borsee learn to love their master.
and one of ths best incentives td good worg is to ravor ...
performers with sugar -and caresses. - Every trainer
knows tha valua of. making his horses 3.llJLiJ.l
v High Prices for- Shoes. ;
FEW of us. perhaps, aver have an opportunity to
scan a pair of shoes which cost 160 or more., Tat
as much aa HOOs Is paid for a pair; and titers are
ths large cities. who never pay Mas than IU for ,
shoes. , And there art. shoemakers who devots them? j,
lra ,
vL,
exclusively to tarn graoa 01 wors.
ordinary observer, however, sees nothing tn these
Mtpenalve shoes that dlatrflgulabes them from such as ".
ars generally 1. sold for IS or H Tha difference betweerf '
them Is hot ons of quality, but ons of manner la the
making. ' The t high-price shoe, f courae, calls for a '
specially, mads last.' which Is shsped with the greatest
care. j. ' . , ''.'. r' "'' -1 '.'' ' "r"',.r s' '' ,1
v While tha cost of making these shoes ts really con
siderable, tha prices are fixed principally by a. meats!
"slxlng" of ths cuatomer. Soma shoamaksrs charge vary
rich customers with troublesome feet for' tha first
pair, and 130 for each pair subsequently made on tha aama
lasts; and there are makers who charge one set of cua-
jtt . esraKlgs
y-DrtMcCuteheoa started with a few huUnnohes 'alao,
: bat all these died except one. .This was a Bae, hardy
' fellow that stood tho trip across th4 'Atlantic splen
didly and appeared ready to .contlnus''onr a round jbe
globs. ' Somawherg ta New York fhls bird was stolen.
. .iJut the doctor, Journeyed across ha aontlnenf' with
. hlsaptlvss nawspapers. to'oir hots "of ths hlrds IMs
patches were cabled to pariaVand Jsndon, and ths; ex
periment has occasioned a larga amount of adveras
' eomment tn Oreat BrlUln.' Hsoy newspapers of Eng
land and Ireland strongly censure 'the. stample aet
by him,: declaring that it may result In ths wholesale
' catching of feathered aongsters la thoss'couutrles sad
the consequent depletion of the birds there. . '" ;
FAMOUS FOR SONQ AND FOOD
VI
A'
;A,The. skylark Is a small bird with a sandy-brown
'plumaga' longitudinally .streaked-with a dnsky hue.
- ti(has a Wgh reputation as, dainty for the table, and
: was formerly oaught rn. incredible numbers. ApprS-
it, haa never become a rasidsnt of the; TJalted Statsa or
uanaoa. ' . otraggtsrs. nowever, - navs " m
Oroenlltnd and tha Bermudas. - . ' .'" ' :
' r. Tha song of ths bird haa, mads It world famous.
Ha has. mads a atudy of tho bird, and ha wrllee Uat
oaa lark, which Us timed aa It rose from an English
meadow, sang twelve mlnutee and fotty , seconds with
out stopping. ' , ..''. !..'-....,''.. . ..'.-,.. '.'. '
As ths bird begtns Its sung. It rlsea. ffpendleulsrly
' on quivering wing. Stnging, It continues Its' upward
flight, and sven aftsr gaining an extraordinary eleva
tion,, so powerful is Its vslce tbat tha wild Joyoua aotss
' may be distinctly heard when the eyes can fas. its
' 1 couras no longsr. Aa ssr well tuned to ths sdbg can tall
by tha notes whether tha bird la stationary, ascending or
on tha descent. ' ' Approschlng ths ground,' Ins song
abruptly ends, and with a headlong dart the' hlrdj
Buiinncnea snd gownncnes aro auied to th aar-
-' row family, though varletlec of the finch af'a found
. tn tha Bastsra States. Throstls Is merely the English
af thrush, of which there are hsarly iSO varieties.
Finding tbat ths thrushes of ths Uae tern States do
; hot follow civilisation Into the Northwest,, Dr. U-
rm a ha. ausr vvti
psopla. by ,Dr. aiccutcneon a tew aays 1 go receiveo a letter irom
over Jhs Paclflo '.a. raa la Ontario wno eontaasaa tnat as maaes a
. fT' ja f ' s np aoross ins atianss every spring m oruer 10 epsna
Act the S several weeks in England listening to tna skylarks.
Cutcheon hopes that the thruxh ot fclngtand fnd Ire
land. Imported there, may find the climate to narl
. like ths ons thsy Isft as to Indues rapid breeding. .,
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