jci;:j;al," ictlaIiD, sunday koxning, - January 6, "i?o7.
j - - - v . r
rt'T V
Stenography Road to Succes
for Men in Railroad Worll.
By S, O. Dunn;
K I 0 tb.r 1
Al M
IBS tl
I 1 business
O other butlnett today offer m tnany ..
great opportualtl to rnf
rtecorraphw m , th railroad
bualB. Thl 1 tru cf all depart-
1 mentt cf th bulai It If especially .
tree pf the traffl department . -
Former taogrpb.r ar railroad pretl
6at,.vio pridene,' geotral .manager,
traffic managers Vher ar aot high tal
erled. eevrted pofttio that former tenog
rapber it not tilling eiv one or more roads.
- Th number of them who riU occupy such
peltioan year hello will b much great
er thn II I bow. Th xtntlv us of thert
head and typewriting to railroad office ti
B comparatively recent development Slnoe.
it latroduotioa aot only have aumeroua ste
Bograpber climbed up to high effle, but
B much larger number hav ria to tub
: rdtnat but lmnortant Blaoaa. Thaaa man
are th vaoaral and executive offloar of tha
- - future. ; . - , 'i . .
Caratr f CKarla H. Hay.
-;. pT(rtbly tb career Ct BO Aruerloaa rail
flea of th ttenographer la railway
lea of th ttenographer la railway work
that! that of Charle M. Hay, rlc preit
detvt and general manager of th Grand
Trunk and prealdent of th Grand Trunk ,
Pad do railway. Mr. Hay entered th tall
road aerrlc twenty-thre year ago aa a '
; ektrk la the paeengr department of th At
lantic and Paolfls railroad at flt. LouU. Pr-
eelrtng th advantag a knowledg of ate-
Bogmpby would glw him. ha vtudled U and
became lecretary to th general manager of
h. ui...w M... v... ,k..-v.
nromotlon waa alow !. uuniu. ft h. haid
promotion wa alow 1b eomlcg, for h hold
thla poaltlon and that of crtary t th
"-genvral manager of th Wabaah, St. Lout.'
. and Paolflo Bin yaara. Than bteopportuaity
arrived and ho 'wa advanced io fait that
within aeren year he waa vie prealdent
and general manager of th Wabaih
,
Mr. Hays' was president of the Southern '
. Paclfl o whan E. H. Harrlman aoqulred It In
1901. H speedily realgned because he felt
Mr. Harrimaa wa disposed too narrowly to
reatrtct Jila freedom of action. ' As prealdent
ofthe Grand Trunk Pacific which la being
built from the Atlantic to th Paclno, thl ,
one time tenographer la la charge of th
most glgerrtJc piece of railway construction
under way oa the American continent. v :
: " -; -V
Dariat HUlar't Sttady BU.
'' Darlua VUIer,' first vice prealdnt of th
. Burlington,. In eharg of trafflc, and a man
who atand extremely doe to that road'
. owner, Jme J. Hill.. waa twenty-alx year .
; ago a ttenographer la the general freight '
' office of th Michigan Central. Mr. Miller '
rose steadily through th grade of th trafflo
service on yarlou road until hit work at vie t
president f th Missouri, Kansas and Texat
caused Mr. Hill eight yar tgo to make him
vie prealdent of th Great Northern. HI
. transfer to hi present Important position
followed three year later. (
-AnhfrTh Bufllhgtoi' hlgS'omcial
ww nrsifny ii.swfrapMr 1 m -
K rlrHhm'' diw, W-K 1VK 1 w.
, ager, or it line et of-' th Missouri""
ri ver. Mr. Gruber entered tn railroad
rervlce' ar St. Paul twenty-one year ago
and did atenographie work tor official
i Ot-'vaclou.. line for. fir year.. HV thea -
became chief clerk to the superintendent of
the Gulf, Colorado and Beat F ralbtay
at Temple. Tex., alao when he hat climbed up
, fast through thevarloua grade of the operat
' Ing aervlce. .;.
.,,--'..:- . '...,: -"-..-, ..
Warrca J. Ljrnck tf N. T. Ctatral..'
. ' Wirrm J., Lynch, who at 40 year old 1
passenger trafflo manager of fourteen of th
' New York Central' line weet of Buffalo,
, 1 a former stenographer whose rise In rail-,
way work within the last few year bat been'
'rapid. Tea year ago he had Just been made
' assistant general passenger agent of the1
"Big Four." Mr. Lynch regard stenogra
phy a th '.' royal road to auccee " In rail
readtraffio work for the young man of energy
Rich Man's Son WorKs Hard
in a
By W. E.
I
N a city of about 2.000 Inbabltant nearly
every one knowa aomcthlng ct every
other person' affair aad especially do
people try . to leara what la going on
among th Influential people of the com--
nvunlty. The " goeetper" take most de
light la spreading anything that I done by
them. '','' , '
- i .Iheae condition . existing, lb on of
rich man find that there are many thing
that ba would Ilka to do, but must refrain
from, and that there are many thing that ha
doe that ti would rather sot do. .
' Ueet m who ar tucceaaful or well to do
; tn a email towa ar Interested la on or more
bualnea enterprise that need clot atten
tion, and beet e having to look after these
. matter they owa land that ba to be rent
ed, kept la repair etc . . . . .
With an theee matter to look after, th
father wants hi boy to leara hla bustnes
' affair and th handling of th farm land
, from "A to Z." to begin by placing th
boy when young .a a clerk, and a
the bob develop aad become more capable
be I given a better and better obance, until
he become competent In every detail of
the clerical end of th business and ha fair
ly good Judgment la regard te It manage
ment. , :"i ... .. ''.'..
.'"
' 1 Matt Ltam Maay Beglatiitt.
' Then hit father think It would he well
for him to leara totnethltg of hit Other In-
- terettt, and ha him begin at the bottom
and go through thedlfferntbrancheof each
buainae until h ha acquired the knowltdge
hla father wlahet. Puling the time he ba
beea working la) towa he ha lerad much
concerning how hla father handles) hi tend
ed Interest, and by frequently going to the
. farm with hi father be what la needed
'and how to aoeompllaa It.
After th buttaes training h ba had,
then It It for blm to determln what roca-
. tihn h car to follow and upon deciding
bai father find a place for htm there.
- Often during the year and especially during
the summer he find himself filling the plaeee
f different persona.. when they ar away,
a their vacation, and It alao rest upoa
a
and oapaoltr who ha petlenee entough to
wait for bl opportunity t mm ' '
" Tb ttoaogTapher stand a better hanee
of gooes la ttt railroad than m almost any
ther business," hM Mr. Lynok tka other
Aay. " because It te t largely a business
Which la haadlsd through agenoie and by
correspondence. A man Mat,aMlb dry
food busines by serving a a merohant' '
ttenographer, beoau to U I ueeaful
merohant ho must become a good Judge of
oloth as) leara how to boy aad tell It. but
tha maa who wrtt letter -dcT a railroad
official peedlly gat aa Insight tato hi ohlef
dutUa. Railroad work muat all b a maMar
of record. Whan a railroad official wtrbeato
ask a question of afcy Importano. either of
tola auparlor or of a auberdlnat, b writ
him a letter, v thugh ho ba next dbor.
and he ta a wrttte reply. Tbetnogra-
phr aee theaa laitara, asd thna day after
day h la learalog taw tb bueleaa U car
ried on.
TJngar tko lytd th lath '
"tm railway tnogrpBer
h 8t"'.12T!7.
'
ontBitly beta undar th ty of at lea' oa
offlolal wh U able to Judg of hi merit ana
to puh him along If ha daaarra lv H ak
I where be Uarn quickly when a detrabl,
poaitiun boeme vacaa. an can put la hi
appUoailon for it early and t hi trie ad to
working In hU behalf. . . ' '
Tb prteeece of 0 many glritnogra
Ph" omrcl work tend to "elt
aimouw to ge ano aeep
bltlou roue wrna 1b railway Menographlo
work. A man, la apt. to gt dligut4 with
hla Job when he e a gtri doing thaam
aort of work, and prhp doing It Jut,aa wait
aa or batter than ba. But titer 1 th great
dlfferaeoe between tb girl commercial ee
noKrapher and tha maa railway atanog-
rpher that aha ha Mttl or no protpeot of
- r.vef being anytbteg'tut" -tn6raphrr
whff he. IT he hU abDny an srrerrr. i prrt-
ty sure to rite to a good position and atand
a chance of becoming one ofthe big railway
' official of th country." ' ....
.. J. A: Mlddleton, vie president in, charge
of trafflc of th Lehigh Valley, got hla start
aa ettnegrapher. 8o did X F.. ay, vie
-preeedent and gnrel maaager of tfi Lo
Angelea, Baa Pedro and Bait Lake railroad,
Mr; Mlddleton' career ha been peculiar In
that he roa almost to tb .top of th trafflo
service before he entered the operating de
partment. Before accepting hi present po
sition he waa vice president and general man
agar of the Mlnneapon and 8L Louis and
Iowa Central line. " . ' :
. . ,
Cdol Pay from th Start.
. Tt 1 known that railway employ In alt
department are well paid a compared with
person la other rlne of butinee doing work
requiring aa equal amount, of energy and
ability. Mew MeaeaTapher are usually
started In railroad service at from 118 per
week to T par noa.Jtlod work aeourew
epy o,ih. "
', iUIum Ml fMn, I1D U IXD nor
noun. - rromoiion w a coiei cierveaitv
which la pretty tare to come eooner or later'
lf ability la shown, mean a salary of from
200 to B30O per month; and having once be-
;com a chief. clerk a maa I In line for ad
vaacement to posltkmt in which pie aalary
paid la limited only by th capacity exhibited
ena the result tecurea
' It cannot be too trongly Insisted, however,
that the ttenographer la railway work can
reasonably hop to rtae to high positions only
if he studte tb railroad business atatduoua-
. ly and applle himself to hi duties energet
ically and constantly. In railroad work the
rac la to the twlft and the battle to the
strong. la bo other bualnea doe the law "
of the survival of the fittest operate more
. Inexorably. ' It le because the fittest do sur
vive and climb up to th highest position
that American railway have been built up
nd managed with a genlu that haa eom-
. mended tb admiration of the world. .
Mvirc Jr.
htm to look after everything when hi father .'
1 out of town. Whenever anyone la needed
: the eon I uaedand la expected by hie father
to fill the bill. He aot' only I expected to
do a wall other employe, but hi father '.
never 1 satisfied unlet h ahowa more Mi
kity than th pereca who place he te filling.
. - - ..
Matt Ba Hiatal WorKtv : -- -.
Sometime a tenant will waat hla landlord
'to make scene repair, such a building new ,
eora crib, fence, shingling a roof, etc.
Whatever I aehed by th tenant, th father. -and
eon will a a rule talk the matter over. .
and It I finally dealded that the eon caa take
tb men eut from town to make the-repalr '
nd help until th Job 1 don. Often th -toa
haa aot don any work of thla kind, tnd
many time If be baa hla musclea are toft, and
If ht doea aot work hard he cannot expect the '
men with him to do raeeh. as they look to him
'.for an example. ''
Almost alt the time a maa ia hired to do th
choree andVpther work needed to be don
around the1 homo, but when th maa I lck,
leave, or la fired, then th aoa la th on who
la expected to do thing, such milk th
cow, tend to th furnace In oold weather,
take care f tb yard la th summer tint, aad
do la the morning and evening what 1 tcok
another maa all day to do, and bo matter
. what th eon ha beea doing, or bo matter'
how bard he ha worked, he never m ap
posed to get too tired to do the choree when
the man wiployed to do' these thing fall,
forget, et oasiU as y f then. r- -
'..-... .
Baa Many fecial Oalljatloai.
On th social aid of hi Ilf be I supposed
to know very one. aad I expected to apeak
to every one or he I " stuck up " and " don't
speak to common people" In imall town a
there ar many clique) some at their eater-
talnment or parti play aard or dance, ,
while a targe per cent go aot bellv la play-
In; card or dancing, a It la against tbetr
rllgloB they play flinch, dominoes, aad took
game. The ton'when invited mutt go and
enjoy all the game, or he give the critic
a chane to get In their work and the knock
tb a chance with their hammer.
Country
LearniCnacK
flakes iour
By Jontxs Howard
OOtt at that young fallow hlUln
hlmaeW erer that carting." aald th
foreman. H polutad t a young
man who wa araoothlng away th
aa oa a gray Iron caathig wlh a
- ttmrr
raap rua. Th oaattng waa lutanea
taeurtli lna. Tlaa.andtlia-yomiggia.n'a ainea
.rmm. mm 4m.m. Wat fonhul ahDWed
how h waa exerting himself. It wa a hard
, eaatlag and th aeam wore away alowiy.
" Now, that man 1 quit aura that ha ha
got an awful hard Job." continued tha fore
man. M H la new to chop work, and h J
atmoet ready to l It tap a a bad Job, too.
B't protty ar right. aJao, for th way he
working at that bench la enough to make a
'' maa aloe of thing. II goa bom Try
night tired to death, and he' getting to hat
hi work cordially. And he'll continue to do
th um until he get th knack of doing
It In the right way th way that make
light work of It Uk th fellow at th fourth
benoh." . i . . .. -
WhUtUatf as B Work.
- "The fellow at th fourth bench wa doing
Wtl of -wor aa the tnaa flret
alluded to, but he wa holding hi head up
high and whittling merrily a he worked.
, Hi oatttog wa Juat a beud, hi 111 a havy,
but to really did he draw and push hie rtap
. to and fro over ,th am that, had It aot
been for the gray shaving that cam oft
. with each, .mo vement,-It-would have been
difficult to believe that a waa exerting any
; preeaure on hi tool But h was actually
; working faster than tb other man where
the other completed three piece, thi maa
turned out Ave. The only difference wasthat
he had " the knack of doing 1L"
, The difference In their methods waa start
ling, considering th narrow scope for In
genuity to manifest Itsqlf In such work.
Th new man gripped hit file a If h wished
to bUry th steel la hi pate; hi arm erere
, flexed,, th muscle eweUlcg with their taut
net, and the bleep ran up and down qnlver
Ingly under the atraln put on them. For he
depended entirely upon the strength of his
arm to do th work; b wa putting all th
energy in them, and in them. alone, upon, that
ie.
- TPhe Old ms ihs aklUA workman. a
. ' "
loosely, scarcely closing his finger
upon it, H used hi grip merely to tr It
agalnat the team. Hit armt ewung freely,
almost loosely, back and forth. None of hla
wirtscles wa greatly exerted Ho simply
leaned the weight of hi ody en the file,
swinging It to and fro with a light body mo-;
tlon that waa the mereet play to hhn. and be
waa quite gpre that hi Job wa a " cinch,"
provided you had the " kneok of doing tt."
:'-:r-. ' , ... v.-. . v.5;;
Matt Via Brain. "
"Some get the knack la a hurry," aald th
foreman. " Th bright, snappy fallow ar
on to It within a few daya. Th fellow who
doeen't us hi eyes and hi brain sometime
never get It until you take and kick It Into
him. There la a big difference In the way
men work, a .mighty big difference."
And aurely there I. It I aot only In th
caa of th maa with th ill, although It I
possible that one may search far and earn ast
ir without finding a better Illustration of th
valu of - th "Vnck.". AU of th tradee
afford opportunities for seeing Just how .
much It I worth a maa to know how to do
hi work. Whit la many trade a the work
Work
Don't
WdrR
By Jean
N California, la Washington. IX C, In
New Jersey, and, la many other part
of th United State thtr are men
working today la a fashion to set the
- ' ' bttt of examples for th thousands Of
thtr men that ar tolling In other porta
Burbaak, th wlaard of fruits, vegetable,
ad flower; Edison, the wlaard of electricity,
' Wiley, the wteard Of the food supply; and
many more ar preferring th Job to th
. wage. They are -doing better work than
any of their rival who Incline to the wage
rather 'than t th work. They are setting
aa example sot only In Industry but ta the
: beat feeling te the hundred of thousand
f other workers who ar continually under
- th temptation to work for the clock or for.
the boa or for any of the many aide atV
traction that are not th Job Itself.
The real worker that get ahead today It
ithe worker who give an hla time, attention.
aad energy to the Job, not because of what
he expectw to find In th py envetor but ,
beoauee of what be hops to bring out of the
JOb.' '.'; '' 7 ' ' "
.There la n Job, howvr lowly nd eem
Ingly tbaakl. that cannot be Immeasur
ably Improved If th tmprovvr goe at It la
the right war.
He caaadt Improve It a great deal by
working at It with th Idea nly of getting
pay In mind. He cannot Improve either the
Job or hlmeaif by ganging th value of the
job by the amount of attention hecen ettreet
by holding ft ' ; ...... x . ..
Craw wita Toar Joa."
If he la wlee fee will aot let the Job get better
thaa ha !, but h will grow up with It and
make It grew with him, and h aad the Job
wHl both Improve o auefe that more avmey
and better treatment will both come to him
a tr matter f course.
But he tcmvtlmtt trust bs wise enough to
sacrifice the Immediate for the remote. Bur
beak -not many year age waa effered a
in
Using Tools;
Worl
la of a nature to tax the body to the Omit
there poaaibly I none of them In which ex
partnea end klll may not be acquired to a
degree that mlntmlae that phyelcaj atraln
XthdworX.
Th beginner la' moat craft uUly la
,-pnit1a that le- work
fa terribly ' hard
Bren it he I exceptionally strong th eight
' hoar grind each day will tall oa him, , He
goe a home in the evening sua and tor aa to
' aldeiehly depleted, and often h. wonder.
whether he will be able to " atick it out." or
fall. Gradually he baglna to obaenra that.
' th work grow lighter. He la ltes tired at
night than be wma a few wk back, and he
doea not look upon hi work with aversion.
Presently it la nothing but play to him, th
only drawback being that It la monotonoea.
Then b has acquired th akIU ofthe finished
. workman and doe hi work with a minimum
, of effort. . .
, ;s -i v ::.:
Carpenter Ctt tka KnacK.
The carpenter t a craftamaa who oon
learn how to do this.- To manner in which"
i mtMnfrnttnlcirvUTUmAhinuvtr-
amounU to a acleace.- The weight of the
tool, the location of the nail, the natural
awtntrof the arm, the number of blows neces
sary all are combined In the knowledge that
make the workman tnttlnotlvely do hit work
as easily aa It can be done. .The difference
between the amateur driving a nail and
th old workman doing the am Is th
one between th layman and th arUaU worI,a coopwrauoa wita memoes- of trie
One, two, three, 'four, five, tx blow the snrlnoarlng force of the America Tee
amateur will atrlk, each On delivered with Phone and Tigraph company.
all the force he can muster, and half of th - - - - .
Urn the nan will b bent, driven crooked."""- inventions StlU BtlaM Made. -
or otherwise damaged. One, two, three blow
th artist strikes, easily and apparently wlh
little fore behind them,, and the nail 1
driven aa well as machine could do 11
In using a aaw th tame facts apply, only
more to. A beginner will "kill" himself
more quickly with a saw than with any other
small tool. More wasted power can be ex-,
erted In sawing a board or plank than la
any other operation of the kind. But the
maa with the knack would aa soon saw wood
M -not T
j How to Dria a Drill.
Even into o small a matter a a hand or
breast drill doee th problem of skill enter.
Th beglnnar pushes with might and mala on
th drill, while ae a matter of fact after a
certain amount of preeaure, enough to make
Be-bflThT-ttke-TioId ertie W oOdVklirWelght
a hi tool tctuaUy retard Ita work, not
to mention the energy waeted by the work
man applying it.
- Perfaap the Iron riveter la the moat prac
ticed of all workman la the matter of saving
hlmeelf. He la thl becauaa he haa to be,
Utually he worka with a long, heavy ham
mer, and h work rapidly, for rivet coot
quickly and they mutt be pounded Into thape
before they have returned to their hard con
dition. The unskilled man. of ordinary
etrength would be ready to quit hie work
forever at the end of a day' riveting, but
the akllled hand la no more tired when the
quitting whittle blowt than th ordinary
worker. Hie Secret la that he uaet hit armt
and handa merely to hold the hammer In
plaoe and make the muscle - of hi body
from the toe up do the work of swinging tt
back and forth. Aa a result no part of him
I ovrtralnt or too severely taxed.
for Money.
S. Jaeger.
yerly salary commensurate with hi Bd. :
but the acceptance of that talary would have
n""riiy acoarreo mm from making many
tclentlflc experiment upon which h had set
hi heart- H tent back the offr. Th tplrlt
that animated him In doing this was th
earn that moved a famous scientist once to
declare that he had no time tn which to make
money. , , , , ' i ,
There are to be found many example of
worker who hav cherished their Idealt to
faithfully that they have not permitted the
lust for money or for power to Interfere with
them.. Such a man It Blthoo 8ntldin of
Peoria, to whom Abbe JOelfi paid such high
tribute in hie bock, "The Land of the
: Btrenuous Life." He declared that tn the
United State he had met President Rcote-
velt. Blthop Spalding, and other thinker
whose ldeae are working In the matt of latter
day thought and ar eurmg tnra awar from
e rdld Ida that the only thing worth .
striving for Is money, .;.., ,
American Worker It Favored.
The visitor from Franc and many other
traveler who hav come to thl country and
hav ttudUd It intelligently iay tha work
er of today In the United State it th most
. fortunate worker In the world.. He has to pay -a
great deal to live, but th mean of living I
easier to get, and ee soon a he find that he.
oannot live by bread alone he get forward
much faster. The Ideal ahould be part of each.
. worker1 equipment. It thould lead him
away from the temptation to place the dollar
above everything else. It Am difficult to make
men eee'tnis, unlaa they te at th earns
time concrete example of th good that men
hav been able to achieve while Ignoring the
deal and of th dollar to listen ta the demand
of good workmanship.
Ther ar plenty of thee trample, and
they occur Instantly to those who ar familiar
with those tiecemfut'llvee that hav been
lived without the accompaniment of the cash
register.
Wonders of the Telephons;
Plenty of Room in VorlL
By Fredorick G, Fossbtt.
VERT American ohoelbcy know that
there I plenty cf room atrhe top. He
alao haare much about tha rvnge la th
ladder of sueoeaa. When he grow
older, however, and reach th point
1 btrT. at wbich t must decide
wbioh particular proaeaalonal or buatnea lad
der to climb, he 1 told about eerorowdlaa
nd th limited epportunttiea tor th an
bltiou young maa In profeealonal and mer
can UJa . Then h begin to he more eon
eer&d about hi prospect of getting a foot
hold omewhare aear th bottom than h I
about th vacant apace at tfc top. But,
ther 4 asofber and more ob earful apot of
tb titaaUoa, for whli it ny e true that
aoene of the older ladder are overcrowd eo
aw one frequently are ratted. : -'
Thla la the age of the. peelallat. and every
profecaloB bow offer to th yeung man a
oholce of ladders, Not all th engineer, for
tnatanc. follow th tame path la their en
deavor to reaoa the top. Alexander Gra
ham Bell invented th telephone little over
thirty year are; Immediately a aew ladder
wa raised, and thoa who have climbed It
ar"3oIng eeV the moenmportaxt aclen-
tlflo work of the day. -They are developing
aa Invention uaaful to all olaeeek of people,
and are dealing with low of th moat faaol-
,lt know W .
Induatrlal
toiotl4U
,' ar Opvortonltl la Bailaat.
Even In their atudeat day th young maa
who propoee to make telephony their life
work And rar opportunities f or otaea tnj
bow auooeee la planned and woo Tear
ago Bamuet Plerpont Langfay, tb die
tlngulahad Amgrtoan clntlat. dvld the
bolometer, an Instrument for determining
the degree of heat la the raya of a star
million of mile from th earth. The tele
phone engineer have recently- perfected
apparatus for measuring th telephone our-
rnt. and to da.thl. It ara neory t0.
create a device a dell cat a th bolometer.
It will Interest the young man entering upon
the study of the actencea to know that a
large part of the work which resulted la
the making of the barretter, the Instru
ment which measure th telephone current,
waa performed .by student In th clntlflo
dlffr-TrPrtn,"10 -Harvard- university. Who
, For many year th minute telephone eur--rent
had beea playing tilde and ek witdt
the men who sought to be tu tnatra. None
t th ordinary method of meaeurlng ele
tries 1 energy wiH be applied to thl at
; tenuatedT foroe, but tha engineer, with the
asalttanc of th Harvard student, finally
solved the difficulty, and bow the atrength
of the electrical Impulse In the longest tele
phone Ilea caa be accurately determined-'
To
a.r,1.la eV.ller ialrf 4- A v.
require a long ana technical description. A
wseariaessi iwiij uuw " . i J'ey e-VSAffA.
slasl. aata.'Weveilii-ee: toaHvi
an idea of th daMcacy of Mi task set
for th young men at Harvard, Th elec
trical energy la the receiver of a telephone
at th end of a Una 1.000 reUe long 1 Just
about on-flv-ml!llontb part of th electrical
energy- which ceuaea a lxtei eandl power
1 ixaedeaceat-lamp- to glow. Or, ti
" mBit around, w
turning
that th
lectrical energy tn th light by whoa aid1.
, perhaps, thl article 1 read would suffice
tp carry sound over 6.000.000 telenhone tinea
v - . " ' . ' : "
100 Wlrtt la Oat Caala.
la tha larger eitlee telephone messares
.travel under tha street Instead - tt flying
along wtree auspended from poles. Th ca
bles used la underground telephone con
struction consist of many wlrea twitted to-
gather and inclosed In lead pipe, technically
known as esble sheath. When the engineer
of th Bell system first mad us of telephone
cable tb number of wire which could be
Inclosed In one of the plpea wa leee than 100.
Now a many a 1,200 wires sometimes are
placed tn a stngl cable, 2H Inches ta diam
eter. This means that 1,300 people may be
carrying on conversation at the tame ' tins
through on of tb oablee and th message
fly. back end forth without interfering with
one another. -.-'-, , -j.--
When' cafble first were manufactured In,
tulatlon' waa secured by packing the wlree
tn paraffin. Than th wire war covered
wftto cloth and finally paper wrappings were
substituted for" the cloth. The paper Itself
I not th only Insulating medium; th dry
air In th fold and substance of the wrap-
- p1n- play It part In keeping Ch word
nine slnns? ths Brnner channels, snil as
tn tr nul be perfectly dry the cable at
jj m, mut be hermetically sealed. On
process of Its manufacture la that of beklng.t
- th oabM being placed la a huge even and
heated until vry veetlge of moisture it
driven from among tha wlrea,
.....a. "'.-
Manipalatloa af Carrtatt Probltta.
Recently th englneere have beea doing
wonderful thing with loading coil, device
which ar intended to lengthen the distance
over Which transmission through cables Is
possible. A loading ootl consists of aa Iron
rln' wWcB took Uk on
and ovrgrown. Around thl ring ar wound
about fifteen mile of fine iron wire, and a
the making of theee telephonic doughnut th
determination of th amount of th fin wire
to be used and th manner tn which th coll
hoold be connected with the cable hav re
quired long and patient ttudy and much ex
perimenting on the part of the engineer.
Loading coll ar to otly that they can b
used only where telephone trafflo la greatly
eongeeted. The fact that they were unknown
a few year ago 1 an Illustration of tbt man
ner la wMch the engineer constantly ar
meeting aew problem. . " i .
The manipulation of electrical current al
moat too mlnut to b measured s only a
small part of the work ef the telephone en-
glneer. " Tbetr work ht times I similar to
that of the men who planned the great rail
road which tpaa th continent
-.- , - :-, -'--.
Telephones In AH lloaa.
It 1 a popular Idee, that tolepaen lines
are to be found only ta thickly ttld per- i
tlon of thw country. . A a matter of fact -th
glistening strand of topper over which
flow never, ceding current of speech ar
found In th dor and hi th witdaraesa,
far from th habitation of mart.
bo the young telephone erglneer I likely
to be called upon to ascertain thbt mean
ef suspending wire aotoe a chasm hwrtdre
of yard tn breadth and perhacw a taouaand
- feet m depth, or he may be akd to dtga
a Ha to run along" th tar t a cliff: In
western mountain region such. Knee have;
, been built la plaeee where It I neoeeaery to
- Incline the pole ouWrejd, and tb Unemea
- elhnMng to the eroeaann nnd abeenaelvea
many hundred feet a hove the jagged rook -at
the bottom of the precipice. ; ,
.... 'J-y -'v.,:'-:
Uotzptctt CtrctimitaAcaa FrtqataU
Thla ' Bwt ocenpatlon, which' ha won ':
. prominent plaoe during the laat thtrtyyaor. '
differ from'mny of th older profowloaa'
to that th men who follow it ooaatantly are
confronted with unexpected demand We ,
y engineer who build rallroada, who Plan :
. mine and tunnel a, and who dam the weiaw .'
of river and atreama, while they must,' do
each piece of work acoordlng to it pecvfller
rqulrmnta, nvrthla proceed aeoa
flaed and general line. But th telephone '
engineer, being engaged la a bualnea which
did not axltt a generation ago, frequently are
mUng:pTobloit jrWottajr antlrat-nW la -
"solving which past aperlano given little
guidance.
Take the Ulephone laatmment ttsett. Most
of u are familiar with only two ktoda of the
useful appliance, that which It faataaed to
the wall and that which a tan da on deck or -table,
but of th making of the tolephonae
there I no end. and it similarly may be aald '
that there la no end to the vaiietle of tele
phone which tb aaglaeer must create. The
old time ditty beginning " Down -tn a coal '
mine, underneath, the ground," were Itpopu- .
larjbiday, might be revised to tnclud ajrf
' erene to the telephone line.
Coal Nlatt HaKt Troabit. ' ' :"
Why there ehould be any difficulty to put
ting teiephonea In coal mine la at flret
Pu.aU to the rn not In the telephone bal-
net, but th engineer have found tha crea
tion of apparatus for ua by the miner a
troubleaom task: Water constantly drip
in th gallerte of th mine and In oi
oases large quantities of sulphur ar mixed
with tb coal. The water and the sulphur
combine to form aulphurte acid, which aoon
destroys ordinary tetephon apparatus, and
o th engineer have apent much time la
designing teiephonea which the mine re well
find aatlafactory. And th mine telephone
I on of a great numberof special pattern
which aeldom ar n by th general ptabllc.
Railroad manager are adopting a tyj of 7
telephone Instrument whloh make It pot
elble to talk over the telephone wire from
any point along the railroad tracks. Nowa
days when a train ttope between ttatlont be
cause the engine haa broken deem, or because
tha engineer haa discovered a laadalld or a
washout la time to prevent an accident, or
because the anow I o deep that the locomo
tlye cannot push It way through the drirta.
-v, uwuviMrj 1U HnQ t nnWmir. D fid
"'"'.' n""y.w!'rr.mJ'". IrhApa throu;a-
. , . .
- - .;"" w? t.orro.-lo4haereet tei -
m r esra .. .
' a 0 .;. . .
Paoaa Ortr Ttltrapa Wlrat. .
. Inatead, the brakemaa gets from, th bag
gage ear nsnpwe and a bait bos. With the
poi. wnew ;ointed togecher, he
teiegiapn wtr. therhoosmr thl
faatsmed to th pel instead of
end of th Una From th hook .
to tb box and another wirsv extendi
' . uiHimk to tm nears rail. Taen
th oenduotor, by pressing a button, la able
to talk froiu erbere he stand to any tele
phone static! on the line of the road. Tha
apparatus whloh, he use enable hlra tn
telephone over tb telegraph, wlrea without
Interfering with the tetegrapbio message
going over thoee wire at th asm time.
Then there are the wltchborda, each a
combination of thousand of parts, whloh Oa
their' work speedily and haxmoaloualy, be
eaua (Airing thirty year enganeer have
studied and worked, patlaotlr correottner
hooka th I i
"caa being": fj i
to th free
a wire runs l a. . '
ngfrom
correeelna I
httelydl-- I
b a better. I
iple appll- 1 1
rtheyptea f I
MMnaand . '
minor defect and aomstlme abeolutely 01-'
carding on type to repmcelttwith
At flret they mad rude and impl
ance for Joining line to line. Now
wltchboarda In saah of which irih
of mllea of wire and milium of parts, and tv
front whleh radiate wire leading! directly
to 10.000 teWpboaea.
v' :., ..
Alwayg Boom f or Stady.
Telephon eagineerB do not devc-to aa their
energy to the creation of new Unda of ap
paratus. In the offioee of ths telephone oon-P-nl
e you may aee gresvf chart oovered
with line tyid figure. The are the score
card la the rac whloh the telephone) people
art running again, time. Tear ta and rear
out . the engineer ar studying mean of
aavtng a rractloa of a second tn th Urn re
quired to answer the call of a eubeeribee.
For th guldasMS of th engineering- foroe
frequent test ar made la the central office
all over th country, and th results of the
test, when plotted oa e harts, eotnprta th
data from which ths engineer da ermine
bow to Increase th efficiency af tb sawvlcs.
Cariaaa PosalaUlUtt Art Haay
Some eurlou poaetbllitte of telephony hav
been demonstrated by ths sagtnser. Prof.
' Bell, for Instance, wa the flret aaaa to give
a practical demor.tratlon f th fact that
ahnoet any uberance cao be na.de to repeat
sounds. He showed fbat tb raveitnaa front
black silk gown, the earbeniaed halre of
the poppy of th nVide. ev any mm ef a great .
number of ether ubte:ace U placed In a
glass bulb aad tubjectsd to varlauone in a
ray ef light thrown epoa the kalh, would talk
The maa wo nrart to-cllmb th telephon
ladder wtU find tha H lead to portion of
aeeroiaeaa aad & will hav th tatlafaatlon
t kaewtog that he I playing some part
va It it I a'amaii on, In th development
of the utility whloh la tn Mly us by million
. of ht felkrw cltlaena.,- Ther ar new ever
1,000.000 subscriber to tb eerrioe of the
Bell companies and th number oonataatty
la trtcreaaing. whll there I a amaUer nnra
ber ef patrrma of the Independent eompaalss
scattered througlMmt the country. Tlis lu-u
engineer are looking forward to the tlm
When thr will be la the t nlted Mw nna
telephon to every fire poj le. If hs:f ths
llphoa ar la d-inng houars W;r
be or In th home of e-ry or finii'T. i t
grwth ncb s tlila mn.nr shun..' ,
errortnnlty tnt ths yours; mn mr'.f !
fastnating mvupa'lnn. S., fnr a rr : r
year to vm, iher !'t te p:r :y
for th rtlTThr tm V f ivj ,-. u -
i
II
r.
Yv