'J I. DAY IOL.:,'AL. 1C..1LAI.D. LUI.'DAV IICUI.'ING, JANUAUY i:. I.
UN- Tii
worl'
By William T. Ellis.
T TOW much religion have the
f Japanese and what U It? A
JL JL weeping answer to that ques
tion would, be, that- Japan's
attitude towards It religiona Is pretty
men tnat of the amall toy In the coun
ry toward the eel sktn-whlch he ties
round hl ankle to keep away crarape
when he goes In swimming, lie doesn't
mucn oeiieve Jo It, or think about it
but till tradition awards It virtue, so
keepa on the safe aide. -
It would be easy to write learnedly
of Buddhism and Shlntolsm as elabo
rate and beautiful religious systems.
If I did so few readers woujd finish
this article, and, what la more to the
Point. I would not have come within
mile of stating the actual situation
as it exists here today. AHar threo
months spent amid shrjnes and tem
ples and Idols, and largely within sound
of temple bells and drums (one of the
latter is booming as I write), I am
prepared to say that the Japanese aa
whole are indifferent to all religions!
while of the few who do care, most
regard religion as a sort of -charm to
kn away evil or to procure certain
tangible benefits. . . " ,
Patriotism It the Religion.
There are two ' religious systems,
. aside from Christianity, which claim
the worship of the Japanese, Buddhism
and Shlntolsm. Of these the latter
. scarcely aspires to be a religion: since
Its most Intelligent adherents declare
that It Is only ancestor and nature wor-
;' htp. As for Buddhism, old Buddha
himself would never reeognlse this par
verted system, with. Its pantheon of
more thsn a million gods, and Its ln-
numerable concessions to Shlntolsm. . In
fact, the common religion la a mixture,
which nobody but a few of the learned
priests professes to be .able te under
stand, of both' Buddhism and Shlntolsm.
Practically one must agree with the
statement that "Patriotism la the reli
gion of the; Japanese" , ... ... ,. . . ,
. Emperor! Deity la Bacchus.- ..''"
The emperor himself Is a Shintolst; '
yet I have been In no less than three
. Buddhist temples .which . have apart
, ments reserved for him. which he has
occupied, when he has gone to the tem
ples to worship. -
He seems to be beautifully impartial
: In the . matter of religion, favoring
Christianity by large gifts, and. I have
heard It whispered In many parts of
the empire that his favorite, dlety. Is
: one Bacchus. It would be treason to
speak such a thing out loud in Jspsn.
although foreigners have a very simple
explanation for. the drowlness ' which
often besets his majesty on the occa
sion of his public appearances. v
, Undoubtedly the common people wor
ship the emperor himself. .. The ' edu
cated classes give -another explanation
( of their reverence toward him, while
"students laughingly repeat the gossip
that somehow manages to pass the two
walls and double moats of the Imperial
palace. I have even found a company
of college-bred Japanese, grilling to dis
cuss the, possible future of the mon
archy, InVthe light of the democ ratio
' tendency of the times. - Nevertheless,
the great bulk of the Japanese sincerely
worship - the . emperor. . His picture Is
l ' n t,,K1fM uhnnl and tka tinnlla
bow down to It daily. Mission, schools
...also display the portrait and pay all
possible respect to it; by "law" they "are
required to save; It first In case of fir's,
and nothing may be hung- above It on
the walla.
... The. Japanese Mecca, '-' -. tS
Tamada, in the province of Ise, Tny
. be called the religious and patriotic
F center of Japan. Here the emperor
came to worship at the shrine of his
,,' Imperial nrftoraoalysthanksJfor
., the victorious conclusion of the recent
: war. Hither also hundreds' of - thou
sand of pilgrims come annually from
all parta of ths empire. On ordinary
days the number la from 70 to 1.000;
on special occasions it mounts to 15.000
a day. Of course, when the emperor
wss here there cams also a multitude
l .xhich no man could number. ,-
sVn fere two shrines a re -the- most - Im
pressive, in Japan far more so than
the ornate Buddhist temples at Nlkko,
Kioto, Tokto and elsewhere. lie who
expects display will be disappointed;
one traveler exclaimed: "There Is noth
ing to see; and besides they won't let
you see it"
- The simplicity of the shrines Is really
grand; plain, nnpalnted timbers for
Pure Food for All Who
Cont1nued from first page of thia aeo
,- ... - uon.) "- ' '
sweetener, and Juniper berries, aa an an
tidote for the aallcycllo acid."
"Many brewers," continued the Infor
mant, "employ chemists to concoct these
mixtures, and the breweries are really
wholesale chemical establishments." -.
It can readily be' seen that few brew
ers catering to an interstate business,
would ears to label their products with
the names of the adulterants mentioned,
so purer beer is likely f result. -
A federsl commission has been sitting
recently In Kentucky and other states
seeking an answer to the query. "What
Is whisky?" . The principal object was to
fix upon the standard called for by the
new law. - ' - - ' - .
What the commission learned will be
duly Incorporated in the regulations, but
it did learn that neutral spirits, with
nruna Juice for flavoring and with' col
oring matter, which has been marketed
whisky was not whisky at all.
reserved "fresh" meat, doctored with
sulphites; sausags which gets Its rudCy
color and aspect of freshness from treat
ment with coal-tar dyes, codfish pre
served with boflo acid chocolate contAln
Ins such .poisonous paint stuff as ohre
and Bismarck- brown: .white sugaa
bleached by a treatment of mineral blu
ing and composed largely of marble dust
the list of articles under the ban would
fill columns. -
Impositions In the way of food prod
ucts have fallen most heavily upon the
masses, especially upon poorer people.
They could not purchase highly special
ised and costly articles carrying an un
doubted certificate of purity; theirs were
the common market and the cheaper
rtlclea. ' .
Butter, for example. sold to poorer
purchasers, has been found to contain
40 per cent of water; sausage has. been
largsly reinforced with bread crumbs,
snd a great deal of mincemeat would
far better remain without analysis, for
the comfort of purchasers It cost . the
factories, the assertion Is made, not over
or I cents a pouna to procure.
It ll hoped that the day of such shame-
ful imposition has passed. The pure
food regulations win rm vigorously en
forced to the ful spirit' nnd letter, of
the law. and ths law Is designed to make
American food prodncts nnd medicines
the purest and. most wholesome In the
world. , ' -
- Mirtaral substances of -all kinds must
pot he used la confectionery hereaftsr,
- - 'r -f v "x,, - a V .v
-. It ' ' 'J' "
1 '0L0i(' '
$L ys ill
The Thunder God of
shrlnea and torll with never an orna
ment In . sight. ' They suggest ths old
Hebrew tabernacle Idea. ' At the outer
gate, .before which hangs- a- white
linen curtain, ' the- -'people -worship.
Twenty-live feet' or more within this
largest lnclosure, which contains noth
ing but rough stones, carefully swept.
Is a second, with a gate parallel with
the first and similarly curtained. -
Shrines Are Sanctified. - ;
Thus far men of certain rank may
penetrate, as did Field Marshal Oyama
and . Admiral Togo when 'they accom
panied his 'majesty on his pious pil
grimage. The emperor himself, and he
alone, Jsermlttedto enter the holy of
holies, . j-I.Z T""tm . - T'-
The extreme aanctlty ' which 'sur
rounds thess shrines- (there ere two of
identical pattern at Tamada. although
called an-Inner- and an outer shrine)
is shown by the fact that when on one
occasion a member of the cabinet, edu-.
csted abroad, attempted to raise one of
the curtains with his cane, hsas fol
lowed and assassinated by a devotee,
and the tatter's grave became Itself a
shrtrra; The wood of which these
bulldingm are constructed is msde into
relics' for pilgrims, the shrines being
torn down and renewed every 10 yeare.
The patriotic aspect of Shlntolsm Is
shown by the fact that In lee are dis
played cannon raptured at Port Arthur
and during the Chlno-Japanese war, end
other war relics are common - votive
offerings . at ..the. lesser shrines. Pure
Shlntolsm Is an abstraction; In prac
tice It plays upon popular credulity and
need. y .... . , yj . ; ..
Horses Held Sacred. - ' -
Here at Tamada ' are - two . sacred
horses, which the spirits of ths an
cestors rida, end a sacred horse Is an
adjunct to each of the large shrines
whether poisonous or not, Only harm
less colore or flavors may be used.
Food shall be considered adulterated
If any of the following conditions pre
vail: .. ' . . --First
If any substance ' haa been
mixed and packed with It so as to re
duce or Injuriously effect Its quality or
strength. -:..,
Second. ' If any substance haa been sub
stituted, wholly or In part, for the orig
inal. Third. . If any valuable constituent baa
been abstracted, wholly or in part.
Fourth. If It be mixed, colored," pow
dered, -coated or stained In a manner
whereby damage ' or - inferiority . la, con
cealed. - .
. Fifth. - If It contain any added poison
ous or deleterious ingredient which may
render such article Injurious to health.
Sixth. If It -consist In whole -or In
part of a filthy, decomposed or putrid
an:msl or vegetable substance,, or any
portion of an animal unfit for food, or
It It ia the product of a diseased animal
or one that haa died otherwise than by
slaughter.
In other words, every article sold as
pure musr be pure; otnerwise it snail
bear a label stating plainly the extent
of the impunity. Imitation, adulteration,
compound or blend. . , ; ' '.-'
Careful provision la made against mis
branding. Not only -Is it prohibited te
label packages wrongly aa to contents,
but the label shall not be false or mis
leading regarding the state or' country
where the article Is produced.
A ' drug is deemed to be mlebranded
"If It be an Imitation of- or offered for
saleSinder the name of another article;
or if the contents of the original pack
age ahall have been removed in whole or
in part and ofher contents placed In the
package: or If It fail to bear a statement
on the label of the quantity or propor
tion of alcohol therein, or of any opium,
cocaine or other poisonous substances
therein." r
Manufacturers of proprietary foods are
required to state on the label only tho
names and percentages of the materials
used to prevent adultratlon and mis
branding. Factories where such foods are
made , must be open to inspection . by
properly- designated offlcera. .
Naturally, the retail dealer will not
be able to havf all the foods sold by him
analysed In order1 to aecrteln whether
there haa been violation of th .law.
Th measure protects him ny requl i-ig
a guaranty from the manufacturer.
wholesale dealer. Jobber or-other-eartr
from whom purchased.
Buddest.Temple Nikko.
throughout the country. ; To feed this
horse is an act of merit'" .' '-
Before one spproachea the shrine at
thia places-right at the comer of the
sacred lnclosure. to be exact -is a
large, ahapeless stone, said to have been
once an image,' bur now worn smooth
by. the constant rubbing of afflicted
ones who -think thereby to heal their
diseasea I -have seen pilgrims poitsn
lug It with their hands, and then pass
ing the hands over ths part of their
person which Is ailing. There are also
two sockets In a rock here where pil
grims afflicted . with sore eyea bathe.
The same thing Is found at moat large
temples, either Shinto or Buddhist, ami
I have seen more than one Idol with his
ace ..rubbed off by uf ferers f rom tooth
,ohe or headache. r--,-;".--TtrT':;. .."':""'
The God. of Lovers. ' f -" Y
- Among tho numerous charms .which
I have gathered up at Japanese temples.
each guaranteeing safety in body and
good fortune In estate,, are three from
the imperial shrine at Ise. which, cost
the. munificent sura of Ih cents for
these three-. . ,
Te adjunct a .of Jpaneseworshlp are
of interest snd of Importance "as v well".'
for thev' illustrate the statement, often
made, that religion , hero seldom rises
beyond an expectation of material bene
fits to the living and safety Jo the dead.
At the temple at Shlogams, for In
stance, there Is one Idol who Is the par
ticular friend of lovers. . The screen
about his pedestal is covered with hun
dreds of wisps of twisted paper. "The
Idea Is that If one will write the name
of the person whom be or she wishes
to marry on 'a slip of paper and then
tie It with one hand to the screen, the
prayer will be granted. If the one
handed feat cannot be performed, then
the coveted object will not be attained.
The sight is more pathetic than curious
Seek It ,
Thia guaranty may be filed with the
secretary of agriculture and the geeda
Identified by a serial - number on the
package, or It may be attache,! to the
bill of sale,. bill of lading or invoice.
. "While the new taw will be of immense
value in bettering the condition of our
food supplies, it will do even more good
In banishing harmful meltclna," stated
a leading chemist recently.'
. "People generally . do not realise the
danger thftt-tles In an Improper use of
drugs of the countless nostrums that
are continually making their appearance.
Damage done by drugs taken lgnorantly
passes all belief. . 1
"The mother who would be horrified
at the thought of giving her children
morphine unwittingly doses them with
It in the form of soothing syrups. A
victim of dipsomania, drawn Into the be
lief that he ia being cured by a remedy.'
comes finally to know that he haa been
all along feeding his enemy. ,. , .
"A sufferer from catarrh or hay fever
Innocently-use a catarrh remedy that
pleasantly relieves, and soon finds him
self In the tolls of' the cocaine habit by
which his Ufa Is wrecked. ' . Another
meets a like fate from lgnorantly using
a derivative of morphine; still another
from taking acetanllld in eome headache
cure. : . : , .'..-..;' . v
v "Of these seductive drugs, acetanllld la
perhaps the most extensively used, and
probably doea the greatest amount of
harm. It has the effect of reducing
temperature and producing an agreable
depression, and. hence, of allaying pain;
but it spells ruin to whoever habitually
takes It I Is a coal-tar product and
used extensively In headache powders,
cold remedies and pain-killer.'"
, Very few purchasers of drugs are ac
quainted with medical terms, and the
namee of varloua Ingredients found on
packages may not enlighten them.
- In purchasing bitters, cordials, elixirs,
essences, fluid extracts, syrups, tinc
tures or tonlca the customer msy find It
stated -that they contain aldehyde, ether,
ethyl acetate, ethyl nitrate or paralde
hyde. Theae are all dertvativea of al
cohol.' , ' i .
In catarrh remedies, elixirs, pills, syr
ups, tablets and troches may be such
morphine derlvaties asv apomorphlns,
dlontne. peronlne, morphine acetate, hy
dmclorlde, sulphsl or other, salts of
morphine. ' Similar preparations" and
Brown mixture, Dover's powder, lini
ments, dlntmenta, paregnrio and plasters
probably contain some form of opium or
these derlvatlea: Alkaloid, hydrochlo-'
when pne remembers what little part
either the affections or desires of the
Individuals most concerned plsy In a
Japanese marriage. .
Spitball Prayers. ' ' .
Akin to this Is the practice of writ
ing out prayers and then chewing them
Into spit balls snd throwing .them -at
the IdoL If they adhere, the prayer
Is answered. One rather handsome Idol
that I recently - noticed had"' a large
spit ball in his eye, seriously marring
his good looks. ' It ,s common to throw
stones into the laps of the Idols, or Into
the big stone-lanterns at temples, and
if they land safely, the prayer Is heard.
At Nlkko is a small shrine the roof of
which Is covered to the. breaking point
with wooden slabs on which are written
prayers for an easy childbirth. Shrines
especially devoted , to wives desiring
children are abundant and popular all
over the islands. And. judging from j
wi numoer or cnuaren.tnai swarm in
very village and city, these prayers
are fully answered.' ..
One of the most ' pa thetlo temples I
have visited is the children's temple at
Osaka, which Is filled. with ths Clothes
and toys of dead children, given ss vo
tive offerings by bereaved parents.
The ' humdrum, mechanical manner In
which the attendant, priest droned out
prayers and rang the bell In behalf of
two parents who brought an offering
while I was there made one want to lay
hands on him. Near by Is a peculiar de
vice for offering prayers for the dead.
The name Is written on a thin shaving
of wood, and then placed In a large
atone cistern I, in -the-form -Of . a turtle.
Into which sacred water is constantly
running. Devotees take great pains to
have the wood thoroughly dren...-, for
thus the prayer Is borne to the god. ;
Largest Bell in the World.
At the Tennojl temple at- Osaka are
a number of Interesting sights.-. In" the
first place., the temple courts are a
regular bazaar, filled with a display of
second-hand goods. Scores of dealers'
have their wares spread about and a
lively business is dons with pilgrims
snd others. Little things like germs
disturb nobody, sines lepers wander
freely about. . At the eats are two of
the prayer wheels which are not un
common intemples.' Irreverent ' tour
ists . sometimes turn these backward,
which is said greatly to upset the god.
Tne pagoda in connection with this
temple is a fine old one,, and from, the
top a good view of Osaka may be ob
tained. The platform is screened In
by heavy wire. In order to prevent per
sona from committing suicide by leap
ing off, as had become. Quite the fash
Ion. . . ( : .....
Tbe largest whole bell In the world
is being hung in this temple area. . It
was cast at the time of the Osaka ex
position, two years ago, and 10.000 Bud
hlst priesta were present, which Is about
one-tenth of the total number in the em
pire. - Report went forth that, following
an ancient custom, a yourrg maiden was
wanted to proplttste the god by throw
ing herself Into the molten metal: and a
young woman really presented herself
as an orrerlng, but or course . the au
thorities would not permit the sacrifice.
This bell, which is second to the broken
belt at Moscow In slse, was msde - of
gifts of swords and ornaments and
money, and has a tone of more than or
dinary richness. All Buddhist temples
contain large bells andlherjomdl
soft, deep and musical.
Turtle Object" of Worship.
One other . phase of worship at this
temple Is the pond full of sacred tur
tles. , It is a pious act to feed these
with he pink rice balls which, a prleat
sella ' Here I enjoyed the sensation of
being an Andrew Carnegie, for the pur
chase of half a nickel's worth of the
foo4(about.ao.u8xterf a peck) caused
the wondering- natives to xclalm,"Oh;
see. He Is a very rich man." The hun
dreds of turtles rsce and fight for the
bouyant balls and then -beg for more.
This feeding of the living" creatures that
are called sacred la a pleasant form of
religious devotion. I have fed wriggling-
eels to sacred cranes (the eels
were not sacred, and -had no rights).
beans to sacred horses; rireto -sacred
fishes; and have paid a few coppers to
see a dancing priestess go through her
slow, graceful posturing end gesturing
without moving her feet. Certainly wor
ship at a popular shrine or temple can
scarcely be called monotonous with all
these diversions, and the various booths
for the sale of souvenirs besides. .
ride, phosphate, sulphate and' other salts
of codeine. , , . ' .
Cocaine and Us derlvatlea,' hydrochlo
ride oleate and other salts may be found
in coca leaves, catarrh powders. Infu
sion of coca, ointments, paste pencils,
pills, tablets, tinctures, solutions and
syrups. Some corn remedies, pills, pow
ders and mixtures contain cannabia In
dira. Heroin and Alpha and Beta eu
calne are found in other medicines.
'Derivatives of chloral hydrate are
chloral alcoholate, chloral acetophenon
oxlm, rhloralamlde, chloral orthoform,
chloralose, dormlol, hypnal and urallne.
Summing up the results of a careful
Investigation of the subject, the commit
tee which reported the pure food and
drug law atated to the house of repre
sentatives: "The purpose of the measure la not to
compel people to consume particular
klnda of foods. It ia not to compel man
ufacturers to produce particular kinds
or grades of food. One of the principal
objects is to prohibit in the manufacture
of foods Intended for Interstate commerce
the addition of foreign substances poi
sonous or deleterious to health. .
It Is well known that in many kinds
of foods in their natural state some
atiantitv of poisonous or deleterious in
gredlents exists. If, however, poisonous
or deleterious eubstences be added by
man to the food product the bill de
clares that article adulterated and for
bids Interstate comerce.
"The law shall be carried out 'under
uniform rules and regulations made by
the secretaries of the treasury, agricul
ture and commerce and labor. It la not
designated to add a vast number of em
ployes to the government service; no
considerable number of employes will be
required in any event Officiate of the
national government having charge of
the law'a - enforcement wllf cooperate
with the state food, dairy and drug of
ficials. . .
- "Prosecutions -will be directed mainly
against the manufacturers of food prod
ucts, or, if It Is impossible to find the
manufacturer, , against the Jobbers and
wholesale dealers.
' "If the state offlclala cooperate they
will rail the attention of the national
authorlttea to the exlstsnce of adulter
ated and mlshranded artlclea within the
state borders."
For violation of the law the penalty la
either-fine or Imprisonment or both. In
the discretion of the court.
The fine la not to exceed 1200 for the
first offense, or IJ0O for each subse
quent offense. The terra of imprison
ment Is not to exceed one year. -
launched' upon its way ia the new
measure of public protection. Its feat
ures were carefully drawn. "The bill.'
stated the committee, "Is not the suaeea-
Uon of a moment- It does not represent
Lf- - : g
r hi
,i-ih'-it.',-s:, I
w t am 1 1 1 1 u j : ; . iir
ill Ayiw l r-r:::U
f:t r. jm nil "trj'S'
ft- 1.-) aasawaawwqF?! w.,,.,,,,,.,.., I I
I I Jt ' ' - ' L Ml
Famous Temple Bell, Kioto. (Note
' - . a Consideration.
The white " robed pilgrim, with his
bell and umbrella hat, la one of the
sights of Japan. Some of. these pil
grims are mere mendicants, who , go
about -from house to. house, tinkling
their bell In front of each, and generally,-.
In rural parts at least.! receiving
from-the householder -a, rln or two (s
rln Is one-twentieth of a eewt, These
pilgrims have their outer gsrment
stamped In red at each shrine thsy visit,
the most coveted probably being that
from the top of Mount Fuji... The pil
grims may be roughly divided into three
groups. Tho first consists of these pro
fessionals, or mendicants,-who ars little
different from tramps. The second In
cludes those wholare sent as represen
tatives of a neighborhood on a tour of
the Important shrlnea, and the third is
made up -of those who go forth In bands
at their own expense forpllgrlmfiireeto
soma one sacreo. piece, uauaiiy near s
hand. pilgrims travel third-class at
one-half the regular rate, with occa
sional further . concessions to crowds,
which makes It possible for them to
rover some stretches at the rate of less
than one-fifth of a cent a mile..
Pilgrims and lorality.
This sort of pletytand plain Anglo-
Saxon "mora Hty-are-byi kiV means identi-I
csL . A pilgrimage is mors or less of a
picnic. . The stock of merit acquired
thereby' Is -sufficient excuse. If excuse
be needed, for any Inpses from virtus.
Thus It comes that a white light upon
the character of Japanese religion - is
thrown by Conditions at points of popu
lar pilgrimage. At Kuwano. to cite par
ticulars, the famous Buddhist shrine In
Ise. eight of the 22 streets are devoted
exclusively to the social evil. Tamada,
the aest or tne imperial snnnos, con
tains (00 Inns, 400 of which sre of a
character that would cause them to be
raided were they situated in a well
ordered American community. At Kioto
I found the quarter devoted to licensed
CIGARETTE-MAKER of Europe
has raised a. tumult In the pur
suit of his business in the an
nouncement that he Is a cigar
ette-maker to three or four pairs of
queenly lips. Some loyal subjects were
shocked to know that these regal ladles
were efflicted with the cigarette habit
and othere were mortified at the exceed
ingly bad taste of the clgarettee-maker
In hie using the names or his distin
guished patrons for buslnsss purpose.
It Is a well-known fact that the appoint
ment of purveyor' to a king or -queen
Is a big help to the lucky tradesman If
he can make use of the fact-and one
can hardly blame him for getting all the
possible benefit from his royal custom
ers. . ' . '
The monsrche" of Europe figure not a
little In booming bnslnese In one way
or another. If It be true, aa various
leading urmi of wtna-shlppers assert
that King Alfonso, by his gifts of fins
old Amontillado to friends and relatives
In England, has brought about a marked
revival In the sherry trade, this Is only
one more proof of the fact that mon
archs can, and frequently do, help for
ward the business Interests of their
subjecta i - . t
King Edward VII, although he would
no more d earn of .associating himself
wtth actual business thsn of taking
sides In the party government of the
country, has done hta people msny a
good turn In matters of trade. From
tne time of his early - manhood his
majesty haa been the fashionable Worlds
acknowledged leader In mattera of male
attire, and thua it happens that while
our society women still look to Paris
tor the newest notions In feminine dress,
the dandles of Paris ay. and these of
Berlin, Vienna, fit. Petersburg, and New
the opinion of a mere' Individual. It Is
the outgrowth of tbe aaltatlon of many
years, and represents the sugs-estlonx,
criticisms, propositions and efforts of
many minds. It la the epitome of the
best thought' On the subject in our land
today.".
To put It Into effect careful regula
tions were drawn by experts of the
treasury, agriculture and commerce and
labor departments. It Is not a perfect
measure yet - even Its f rsmers sdmlt
that; the courts will probably be called
upon to elucidate some of Its provisions.
Tet It Is the most advanced and most
Important step that has yet been tsken.
and goes a long wsy toward protecting
the purchasing public. ... t .
. . II
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AdverTtBeaients Posted on - It for
vice cheek by jowl with one of the
most famous .temples. - For that matter.
the head of one of thf- Buddhist sects.
who lives at Kioto and Is a relative of
the emperor, has 40 concubines, where
as his Imperial klnsmsn has only 16.
Wreatlers in Temple Courts.
Many .things ..are..: associated with
temples that seem . incongruous to the
occldentsl mind. At Klota during my
sojourn there a national wrestling tour
nament was on. and a rare exhibition
it was. " The ring was pitched on a
temple enclosure, the management was
in tho hands of the temple, which han
dled the gate receipts; a fat and shaven
priest was one of the .referees, and di
rectly In front of where I set, on the
temple balcony, where were the reserved
seats for foreigners, squatted ths staff
of temple priestsen Jyto-tb- bouts
HJiureiy and feasting, smoking and quaff-
1 1 IrrgOwke" between whiles. It via far
remoP-frxm the asceticism which one
associates wTtlrlUidd J) I r m snd priest
hood... Which leada to a final word" about
Buddhism as I have found It -in-city.
village, and country. :
Kipling Corrected. , ' v ' .. -
"Oh ye who tread the Narrow Way
By.-Tephetflare. to-JudsTncnt-Dav
Be gentle, when the "heathen", pray ,
To Buddha at , Kamaknra.
"Arid whose will, from Pride released
Condemning neither creed nor priest ?
May feel the soul of all the East ? .
About htm at Kamakura," .
So wrote Kipling." But he Is mistaken.
Kamakura, with its colossal bronxe Pat
butsu. Is too near to Yokohsma to repre
sent the east. And the great. Image,
which has stood earthquake shocks thit
wrecked ths surrounding temples, would
languish In neglect were It not for the
open'hnnded tourist, who responds to
the plea made by the abbot for contri
butions toward the maintenance of this
Tork also come fo London "for the
"correct thing" in men's habiliments.
Even a stiff Import duty on manufact
ured clothing does not deter the gilded
youth of many countries, and particular
ly America, from wearing clothing sup
plied by the leading "sartorial artists"
of London.- . -
Again, It Is very largely due to the
king's addiction to motoring that the
makers of motor cars In England .have
been able to put up such a good fight
against their astute and tariff-aided
rivals In France and Germany. - On the
race course King- Edward is greeted,
perhaps, with a more enthuslsstlo and
whole-hearted loyalty than in any other
place. . Why? Because every Individual
present, from the humble sightseer to
the pstrtclan owner of crack racehorses,
recognises In his majesty's , supporter,
not only of racing, but of the great na
tional Industry which horse-racing fos-tere--the
breeding ' and ; exporting of
thoroughbred stock.--:
Visit any of the great shops where
games and athletic outfltsre supplied,
and you will awe that at this present
moment the article most In demand is?
a croquet set! Ask the reason, and you
will be told that the king, aiwaya a skill
ful player of croquet has lately taken to
the game more keenly than ever, a great
boom In croquet and In croquet sets
being the natural result'
An excellent second to 'the king In
"supportirtahome industries"- Is Queen
Alexandra, aV-wltness her constant ef
forts on behslf of depressed Irish handi
crafts. In this, of cotrrse. she is ably
assisted by many of the btdlea -of the
royal circle.
The late King Christian of Denmark,
by hie own personal Interest In the
subject.'dld much to encourage trade In
Danish dairy produce. And where would
you find a royal crown covering a bet
ter business head than that of Leopold
II. king of the .Belgians In the devel
opment of his vsst Congo territories
King Leopold literally (eaves tbe coun
cil chamber for the counting-house and
takes probably a closer Interest In the
commercial side of his sf fairs than do
many of tbe director of publio com
panies. Another royal tradesman Is. the king
of Greece, who makes strenuous efforts
wherever he may be to boom the currant-growing
Industry. .
But there Is one royal figure stand
ing out boldly ss that of a very emperor
of trade. It la the figure of Kaiser Wit
helm. The material welfare of the fath
Royalties as Trade Boomers
1 Buddha. Thore sre few worhlprrs at
the Image, but the titinds In lnp ki'
worn Dy im tourmtn who liave their
photographs taken while sitlUi In the
lap of lite god.
The idot Is well worth seeing, ss are
also the shrines Inside of hlni, whu-u
msy be visited. It stands 4 feot hlnh.
Is J feet In circumference, and has
eyea ssld to be of pure gold, while the
sliver boss on the'forehead weighs JO
pounds. But as a type of nud'lhi.m in
; Japan It represents neglect and Indiffer
ence. v ,. ,
Buddhism on the Wane. '
Pew of the faithful approach It to
make the offerings which are lnsepsra- '
ble from worship. The "heathen" are
ahead of Christians In the relation of
living to devotion: they are also ahead
In having smaller coins than the Ameri
can sopper for the contribution box. At
msny shrines one finds "temple money"
on sale, 20 pieces for a penny; sod now
the rln Is seldom used In Jspsn except
for this purpose. I hsve visited scores
of temples, but only thrice have I seen
whits metal offerings, and of these the
largest amounted to only seven and one
half cents.' .
Buddhism Is undoubtedly declining In'.
Japan. 'Not only has It lost Its grip .
upon' the people, but the government
has recently ordered the consolidation
of many smaller temples. Some of the
larger ones have had difficulty In main
taining themselves, notwlthstsndtng the
fact that practically -every' Japanese
family "belongs" to some temple. Tonr-
!-".-- save-inuicaieai sre a ouy
of revenue to the more famous ones. At
the Shlha temple. In Tokio. the Driest in
formed me that- the average attendance
of .Japanese Is only IS a day,' Many
Christian methods, ' aa preaching, Sun
day schools. Toting Men's Buddhist as
sociations, the sending of Students to
Europe, etc., sre adopted to stem the
ebbing ilde, but In vain. - ; f
More Shrines Than Religion.
Outward evidences of religion are not
lacking, however. Every . home has Us
household shrine, or god shelf, and In
the garden is likely to be fonnd a small ,
torll, or. shtnto gate, and a shrine. I
know a missionary at Tsu who lives in a
rented Japanese house, and In his gar
den is an old shrine, still maintained by
the landlord. The Southern Methodixt
school st Kobe has enlarged its grounds,
which now surround a Shtnto shrine 600
years old. To sn uninformed overseer '
It looks as If the shrine were part of
tne college equipment....
"ByroadsVdes everywhere . one' finds
Idols, some new but most worn by age. -Occasionally
a devotee puts a muslin
dress or hat on one Idol, seeing nothing
Incongruous In the act. But then, not
a few of the -ancient temple contain
electric bells and Incandescent; lights,
which sre sufficiently anachronistic. .
When I have tried to learn the Identity
of particular wayside gods and shrines
all over' Japan. I have Invariably been
told-that t lie people do not know, yet.
their ancestors worshiped them, and so
must they. One of the commonest ob
jects of worship Is the fox, or fox god,
which Is a spectes of 1 witchcraft. Of .
countless superstitions 6t the frequently
recurring matsurl, or religious festivals,
and of the elaborate decorations of the
great- temples, there is not space to
write. ; ,-.t "-'.;'", ' . - '".
My candid opinion Is that, while the.
sincerity of many Buddhists and Bhlnto
sts may be - questioned, the one vital
and"" Increasing reirgfousforee -lnJapan
ls Christianity,-. While-visiting Ise I at-,
tended a missionary preaching service,
and among more than 100 persons pres-
fnf.Tfnn. an old -"mri 'TT-i
IS years a Christian. ' She told how ths
missionary had formerly ; been stoned
when he went there, and ahe herself .
hsd been bitterly persecuted. Now nil
Is changed. 'At the seat of the Imperial
shrines Christianity Is listened to re
spectfully, and .accepted by sn Ineress-
Ine number. That same sort of thing"
is going on sll over Jspsn. Priests and
priests' families areb?comlng Christiana
and even preachera The Christian prop
aganda Is carried on at the big temple
festivals. . Hundreds of school teachers
an, other government officials have be
come Christians. The student class
seems to be giving more attention to
Chrlstlsnity thsn te arryether religion- .
Th native believers whom 1 have met
manifest a happiness and earnestness
which are conspicuously lacking In the
case of adherents of the other creeds.
In a word, there is a life apparent In the
western faith which Buddhism and Shln
tolsm do not show. : . r . '
erland, and the booming of all things
German these sre the ruling pesslone
of the kaiser's life. Is it not on record
that he has actually and- personally
"booked orders" for German products
In an argreement concluded wtth the
sultan of Turkey, and largely brought
about by the kniser during his visit to
Ttldls Kiosk, it was stipulated that a
certain proportion of the money ad-
vanced to Abdul Hamld by German fi
nanciers ahould be "taken out" In the
form of guns, swords, bayonets, and am- ,
munition "made In Germany"!
The kaiser encourages Germsn ship
ping, because Increased shipping mesne
an rxpandlng trade; and never doee-ha-tlre
of the problem" how to assist Ms
subjecta to seoure a steadily Increasing
share of the world's business.
, Yog-ae of Old Jewelry.
A revival of the eld fashioned Jewelry
beloved of our grsndmothsrs le predicted
for the winter, says tbe London Malt
The chief rharactcristlq of thia Jewelry
Is Its . enormous siie. Great cameo
brooches, medallion i . of . Leeds pottery
set In a gold rim and worn as a pendant,
and massive amethyst. Jet or topas orna
ments are being unearthed from old
Jewel cases or hunted for In second-hand
hopa . '" '.i '.. -
"This fashion Is not likely to Beeon.e
a' universal one," a well-known - art
dealer said,- "for the simple reason that
the supply cannot meet the demand.
"To copy old cameos with any success
Is an almost Impossible task, and. In any
case, people obtect to copies. 1 have a
price leas black-Leeds medallion at pre-"
ent which will be converted Into a pend
ant. Its fortunate wearer csnnot be Imi
tated, aa there Is not such another piece
In' existence. - - ,
"A prettier fashion la the dsllcate
Wedgwood Jewelry, carried out In Its
typical pastel tints, which tens so well
with the dresses of today, These also sre
too rare to ever become common.
"Old necklaces sre also fanhtonaMe,
and many Sidles Intend to appear lhi
kesson wearing the old faahktnrd i
of SO years aro. These ronlof a mas
sive necklace, a brooch ths ! i f a
(-shilling piece and hu g, drooplns -rings."
And Xo Question A-U.-d.
Frolnhly a good, man-,- rui .ra
they hud ss sum a t.- r It
Senator William P. Fl v M ,i
legislature will retm-i Mr. t -Washington
snd no j - . , a
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