The Oregon daily journal., November 10, 1906, Image 14

: 'THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL PORTLAND; SATURDAY EVENINQ, NOVEM3ER 10, 1SS3."
... . ; s--.;
tic J- :;.!
V.t JM; :Ji:i
LD Mantis, with Its tuuitionod snd
It U . smbsttled walls, stands on the
' spot selected by Legaspl at' the
mouth of the Paslg. ' It is not
, an inviting site, but strateclo and com
mercial oonaideratlons amply Justified
tbe determination of It in the first days
of the Spanish colony.-" The massive
stone walls erected at the close of the
sixteenth century remain In a state of
remarkable preservation, and make Ma
nila Intramuros one of the finest exam
plea of medieval military architecture
existing-. 'Hardly as ancient, but equally
useless with the quaint drawbridges,
were the futile cannon which filled the
embrasures. Like some scarred and
fangless wolfhound, the grand old
Stronghold stands a memento of braver
and better days. Stirring ' deeds - are
associated with the history, and many
- a time has old Manila uphejd the sover
eignty of Spain in Pacific, waters. These
gray ramparts repelled Chinese and
: Mora pirates, Dutch and Portuguese in
vaders, before the Brtish forced them
and captured the city. The heavy walls
hava. withstood with little injury 'the
-many earthquakes which from time to
time have laid the interior- buildings
low, . . . -Manila
Intramuros Is small ' and
crvwvm, Aiw cuvuiqiervDci oi igmtvoil
more than two miles is bounded ' by
water, -on two sides the river- and the
- bay. on the others a moat. In recent
years the unsanitary state of the place
has suggested the erasure it the walls
and moat. The . latter, stagnant and
refuse-laden, has long been a prolific
source of -disease. Fortunately, for ar
' chealogjcal - reasons the American au-
. inoruiri qiti acciu o preserve xne
old fortifications whilst filling In the
' moat and converting it into an estenslva
flower garden.
' Old Manila contains the Spanish gov
ernment and publio buildings, the cathe
dral and 11 other .churches, a number of
monasteries, convents, colleges and simi
lar ecclesiastical structures, a few re
tail snops ana me imermingifd resi
. dences of the rich and poor. So fre
quent and disastrous has been the de
. strurtlon by earthquake that no ancient
: building remains in its entirety, but as
reinstatement has generally - followed
Oiisinsl lines, in the main the tout en
' arm ble Is medieval and attractive to the
, sentimentalist.- The hygtenlet. however,
will withheld approval froifl the narrow
streets and congested dwellings with
their lack of What we consider ordinary
sanitary conveniences.
(Under the Spaniards Manila Intra
,. muros was a dull, somber place. There
of entertainment. Except for an occa
sional military review la the square or
- a religious procession there waa nothing
to relieve the dreary monotony of dally
life. The early day was spent behind
: closed blinds. From I to T in the even
ing society went calling- in languid and
: dignified fashion. Toward sunset all
Manila gravitated to the Uineta, where
on foot and in carriages they circled' its
oval course whilst listening to the
strains of a military band. Hera also
the populace of all classes thronged to
J'ltness the puMlo executions, which
uring the Tngalog rebellion were of
almost dally occurrence. The condemned
stood lined against the seawall to be
; shot down by platoons of Spanish' In
fantry, whilst the crowd shouted vivas,
iAIM 4m V.. n. r .1 k v 1 . t. Va I.I
others in fear of them.
The -streets of ths city wers ftadly
paved and the sidewalks, overhung by
. the upper stories of tbe bouses, were
. In many places too narrow to admit of
' the passage of two pedestrians abreast
I .amp, supplied with-coooanut oil ar
kerosene, inadequately served to light
the thoroughfares, but the police regu
lations were strict and good order pre
. vailed within the walls. The fire de
partment, which Is now under Chief
Honner, one of the best in the east, was
then a very crude institution with the
most primitive equipment. Flames have
frequently destroyed large .portions of
tbe city. .
A private residence is seldom more
than two stories In height, nor, indeed.
tn the public bnlldtngs often exceed that
-altitude. The ground floor of the former
Is always given over to the servants
or ird as a coachhouse. -Ths residence
proper Is the 1 second floor. A broad
mlrraae leads from the ground -to. a
spurious hall, railed the calda. Giving
.off front this are the reception and dln-
ing-rooms and extending along ths inner
sides of these the sleeping apartment
The kitchen, bathroom; etc., are in an
adjoining yard the axotea and are
reached by a covered passageway. The
walla of the lower noor . are 01 o"7
stone, with -barred apertures and mas
siss door, having a prlaonllke appear
ance. Sine the great earthquake , of
1S8 the use of ftone in tbe upper struc
tures hss, for the saka of publio safety.
been forbidden. Now the second stories
are constructed-of wood, often with a
roof Of corrugated . iron. - The entire
outer wall is . fitted with-slMtn win-1
dost. Kissed with opaque oyster shell.
which, whilst admitting a subdued light.
CbntTitets ths rays of the sun to a great
er extent than would glass.
Old Manila never bad any kind -of
sewerage system. The private arrange
ments or resiaences wers leariuuy un
sanitary. ' ' The drainage of houses was
carried into the rlver or moat, . and not
a little of it escaped ty wsy 01 .me
streets. All this Is being rectified as
rapidly as possible and the walled city
may become in time a tolerably health
ful, if not a pleasant, place in which
to llva. . . -
Ths cathedral' and palace face on
what waa tbe public square. Ths former
dates from 180, whew ths great eartn-
quake destroyed Its predecessor, until
recently the ruins Isy in Juxta positlor,
to ths new building, a speaking evidence
of the habitual procrastination of the
Spaniard.; The cathedral, 'like mostlarge
buildings liable to tne effect 01 seismic
forces, is flat andd svold of upper struc
ture. It derives, nevertheless, a cer
tain beauty and grandeur from Its noble
proportions and simple lines.- The foun
dations were laid at the time of the
creation of the "archleplsc6pate,lri fE5.
but. several edifices have occupied the
alte since then. . I -. .
In ths-day a, and -they extended over
the greater period of Spanish rule, when
ths ohurch overshadowed the civil au
thority in the Inlands, the cathedral
represented the political and social pow
er of the colony.' It was tbs starting
point of almost dally religious proces
sions designed to Impress ths prole
tariat ' Saints' days wers mors numer
ous than work' days In old Manila, and
ths lower classes delighted in the cheap
amusement that wound up at night with
a gorgeous display. Hundreds of men,
women - and children,' bearing lighted
candles, paced in single file down either
side of -the street whilst bsnds of music
came down the center, preceding groups
Of priests escorting images of ths 'Vir
gin. Mary and - the saints, borne -upon
ths shoulders of devotees. - Many of
these Images wers adorned with gems
of priceless valus, else the', guard of
soldiers with .fixed bayonets- was de
signed to convey a false impression.,
Ths course of the parade was marked
by the explosion of bombs and rockets
at frequent intervals. . .".
The palace of . ths governors-general
has occupied the ame spot In succes
sive buildings, since ths earliest days
of ths city. The present structure, ,0
largs and Imposing ' building with spa
cious apartments, dates from lSi, when
earthquake destroyed ths . previous
building. . A fine, broad atslrway gives
access to the second floor, on Which,
after the custom of the country, srs all
the living-and reception rooms. A splen
did hall, 100 feet In length and hair as
broad, with lofty celling and parquetry
floor, has been the scene of many stately
functions. The walls ars hung with life
else paintings of former governors-general
and other Spanish oelebrltles. Xtie
'V 1 '-' 1 "-' " ' '. "
t -DO-it: Hit ":-v,v" !1 ir
".is-tf II f-
rmmm
II cSO M'l Ills
NXnewfnNf '
rr-i Tr-iv
-
.. ,,j .......
council v chamber looks ; out ; upon the
square, and Joany an anxious gathering
has watched the excited mob from Its
windows. The room Is furnlshsd with
a large, bean Hf ully carved table - and
heavy chairs bearing the royal arm j
In ths angle of ths city walls, which
coincides with the point of Junctors of
ths river and the bay, stands the his
toric fortress of Santiago, which during
ths centuries has guarded the slum
berous city . lying to ths south of it.
This citadel, which originated in a rude
stockade, was ths first fortified position
hold by the Spaniards on ths island of
Lriison. It was here that Salcedo made
his gallant stand against LI Ma jUung'a
barbarian band.- and ofttlmes since has
Santiago boms ths brunt of a hostile
attack upon Manila, If rumor is t-e
credited, the dungeons of ths fortrsss,
below water level, have witnessed the
most fearful atrocities practiced by the
Spanish Jailers upon their hapless pris
oner la. times of disturbance the
place has often been crowded far be
yond its capacity, and many a suspect
has cheated the garrote or escaped ths
bullet by dying prematurely in the damp
and dismal dungeons of Santiago. Its
prison roll contains many illustrious
name Three governors , have lan
guished for weary . years . within its
walls). an archbishop nursed bis wrath
In-one of Its cells and a sultan of Sulu,
together with bis fsmlly, ars included
In ths list ' ' v V
North and south ths city has extended
in suburbs, front , which ths cramped
conditions of Manila Intramuros are
generally absent although In ths native
sections the poorer people herd together
In . ufineresosry - proximity to . one an
other. For many years previous to the
American occupation the residence of
the governor-general has been without
ths Walls and most, of ths well-to-do
occupied commodious . Villas, with sur-1
. ?' - , .
Y j.i' sfi
1.--IA.S.. J. i
rounding .gardens,' and ' open . to' ths
f breeses froin-thS'sea.-- Ermlta and Mt,
late, along the-waterfront south of tbe
walled city, are the most 'attractive c
ths residential t suburb and - they are
easily accessible' now ' that '40' miles 'of
modern electric railway have supplanted
ths old pony. ' tramway' that afforded
such : rapid . transit as the .city ' could
boast of. ' 'v . ',..''. V: '
Binondo, on the right of' the river. Is
the trading center of Manila' and the
seat of all its life and bustle. Hero are
the warehouses and - offices ,of tha ; for
'elan Arms, and ths -principal shipping
street During the business hours the
thoroughfares of Bthortdo ars 'crowded
with pedestrians and vehicle , Ths rat
tle of wheels, the labor song' of coolies,
ths shouts of hackdrivers and ths clang
of tbs cars, afford-a. striking contrast
to ths solemn stillness of ths streets of
ths wallsd city. . . -
Ths -principal retail -street Is the E
colta, whose shops will compare favor
ably with those of another eastern city.
They . ars conducted by Europeans,
Americans or mestizo and ths stocks
of goods arc surprisingly complete, but
Manll will not be satisfied until she
has ons of ' our modern department
stores, which would undoubtedly do a
profitable bualnes - A largs portion sf
ths Kecolta was burned' out in ISf i, and
the site of ths old buildings Is now oc
cupied by a handsome block containing
ths central poatoffiee, telegraph . offioe
and-some fins shop
Chinese dealers are to- be found every
where, but the'oenter of their' retail
trade is ths Rosarlo, - a street which
they occupy exclusively." Their 'stores
are of the orlentsl basaar type and are
not patronised extensively by ths bet
ter clnsse The Chinese re the shoe
makers, ' cabinetmakers snd smiths of
U community, besides following many1
V;-;
V:-'--" 'A
J 1 '
t us
-V ' . 4
i , ' I- -TJ.t
other occupations, snd always with suc-
' The principal manufacturing Industry
is- clgarmaktng, - which ' has, however,
suffered something-of a setback sines
tbe American oceuption.-,owngiV ,n
contraction of the Spanish -market with
out -snyi compensating opealng la the
United State --There-are f 0,000 or more
clgarmakers in -Manila, ( most-of-whom
are. women- and -girls,. 'and -a- largs pro
portloa of these-Chinese mestlsos. Boms
f the factories are-very large and em
ploy as many as 1,000. hands each.
Ths native suburb of Tondo Is. ons of
the plague-spots -with whloh ths American-
authorities have had to deal vigor
ously. Formerly this section was- occu
pied -by closely ' packed, ramshackle
shanties. In which ths natives Jierdsd
under . .disease-provoking ) a conditions.
Open 'ditches, orlsacrosalag amongst ths
huts, served for gutter and sewer silk
In the rains several ' Inches of water
stood beneath these dwellings for weeks
at a time. And In these filthy sur
roundings' a! great, deal of, ths washing
of the Europeans ,' was ' done. Sanitary
tenement houses arc , fast 'displacing
these disease spots, a good 'water and
sewer system Is . Inatalled,' snd ths
streets ars properly. graded snd drained.
In. fact Manila is rapidly, undergoing
complete transformation. , It is doubt
ful If muoh can be dons to Imprdve the
crowded state of the city, within the
walls, but It has kl ready been rendered
fairly healthful, and sines ths Installa
tion of ths electric railroad there Is lit
tle need of any one to live 'In ll But
the vlnltor- to the Philippines today
sees signs of the reformative measures
before he clears the custom house and
evidences of them present themselves
at every turn ' In the street It is
the design of the present administration
to make the-oapltal of the Philippines
ths modsl city of the orient, snd to that
end Mr. D. H. Baraham and Mr. Iloroe
J
Anderson - were employed by the com
mission - to construct plana embracing
not only internal Improvements, but
the entire rearrangement of. the wator
front. Their designs" contemplute a re
adjustment of . the streets. . which will
entail the desirable destruction - of
many narrow . ani tortuous thorough-'
farea and the establishment of a sys
tem of fine, broad boulevsrd ' An am
ple macadamised driveway will -extend
all the way slqnr the sea front from
the Jas1g tw Ctivlte Point aid rival the
famous Apcllo Bunder of Bombay or the
Marina cf Madras. The plan Includes
commodious snd handsome public build-
tngs and makea ample provisions forf-
parks and playgrounds. A number of
model schoolhouecs. the 'first ef the
kind to be erected in tlie"east. are in
course of construction. -.
Instead of dredging the shallow
waterfront, it is the Intention to fill It
In and cn.J,i made ground to put new
docks and- warehouses and a number of
handsome building '. Government of.
flcea .will occupy the present l.uneta
and the pleassncs will be carried west
ward on to the mads ground: One of
the finest hotels In the east will stand
on the edge of the New-Lunet Half
a mile farther south the residence of
the governor and a row of clubhouses
will face the bay. When these alterations-ore
completed. . Manilla .will, un
doubtedly. -be one of -the most beautiful
'"UaJJtie-WQrld
But the first efforts of the commis
sion have, with marked success,' been dl-reefd-towayds
ths -Improved sanitation
of- ths city. 'An extensive, system of
sewage, sufficient for a population of
half a million that Is. double that ' of
tbe present is now being law. at an ex
pense of $1,000,000., The water supply
has been 'Increased and. Improved ami
crematories for the consumption of gar
bage have been instslled. The accumu
lated filth' of centuries has been re
moved and the-streets are now cleaned
with daily regularity. The result of
these measures is already In evidence
in th ' recorded : bill of health of Ma
nila, which' compares favorably with
that of largs cities the world over, and
is better than that of large centers on
tbs continent of Asia. -
The hospital, pelice and fire services
ars In marked contrast with those main
tained by th Spanish government,
which wss so thoroughly permeated
with "graft" that only a ' smalt pro
portion of the funds designed, for pub
lic improvements -ever filtered through
the fingers of greedy officials. 1
Whilst energetically - pushing ' these
measures for the general benefit of the
population, the administration has en
gaged in Important works looking to the
enhancement of the commerce of the
country. Under Spain ths trade of the
islands wss never fostered. - Removable
physical , obstacles war allowed to con
tinue, monopolies were permitted and
unnecessary legal restrictions were Im
posed. WJth one of the finest harbors
In the"-world, Manila was allowed- to
remain, one of the least Inviting ports
In the orient If a -vessel needed repairs
entailing docking. -it was necessary to
taks It -to Hongkong. fort dues were
excessive and subject to arbitrary dis
crimination. The Bay of Manila Is so
expansive as to afford little harborage
In severe storm Vessels have fre
quently been torn from their anchorage
and blown ashore. During the course of
many years the port authorities exacted
dues which were oatenalbly Intended to
furnish ths means of building break
water. Several million of dollars were
collected for the purpose, but nothing
more than a scrap of sea wall ever ma
terialised and that reproach to a venal
government waa pitifully obliterated by
the elements somp ynars ego. Ships
drawing In excess of IS feet of water
could not, go Into the river, but re
HAT VENTILATOR ;
; " SI ' ' t -
It Univergal Adoption Would Elim-
liute Bald Heads. ' '
The .prevalence of so many bald-
headed men has been attributed to ths
fact that ths hair on ths head Hu not
glvsn proper ventilation. No one will
deny that man's hata afford' no means
of supplying thla -much needed venti
lation- In addition, men never dla-
klmes been suggested, but fashion has
alwaya tabooed the idea.- Nevertheless,
th suggestion Is sgnln brought forth
In a .recent' patent FT a Mlnslsnlppl
man. This hat vsntllstor accomplishes
th purpose thoroughly, a shown In
-;-. AFFOKDS VENTILATION. ,"' ' "
the Illustration In connection with the
ordinary derby hat- Bletween th brim
and crown of the hat, encircling the
latter entirely, is a band (about th
sis of a regulation fast band) com-
poaed of narrow , opening extend ng
from to to bottom. Th band Is mad
of hard rubbeF or celluloid, to give the
ncssary, stiffness or elasticity, .. It
would undoubtedly afford much com
fort to th wearer. ' It -would b.lra
posalbl to make similar silts . In the
felt of the hat as the latter would not
hold its Shane. ' The ' Introduction Cf
hard rubber keep the hat In shape, and
at IE"' ktfms time Is not unduly con-
quired to anchor at about two miles
from the shore. Cargoes were trans
ferred In. lighters, and as this could Only
be dtmu In fair weather, delays, some
times running Into a week or 10 day
were Incurred,. Involving wasteful de
murrage charges, in addition to the un
usual expense of the method of trans
fer, It Is needless to say that under
such ' conditions, masters, who had any.
freedom of choice, shunned Manila, and
the port lost much trade that it would
otherwise have- enjoyed.- Manila 4 Is
tags to that of one of the safest and
nWt convenient ports In the Pacific
The Insular government has projected
a series of extensive improvement
which include the construction of an
effective breakwater, an ample system
of docks - and ,a deep-water approach.
Vessels , yUl soon discharge and ship
their cargoes at th wharve and dry
dock at Cavlt will offer all th neces
sary faculties for repair " This effort
to enuble Manila to profit to the full by
her natural advantages Is well Judged
and the. money Invested will unquestion
ably yield a splendid return In the in
creased trade that must flow from thes
..,, 1. . 1 . , 1 1
.a i. ,iiw m Mill, . i, c ujjriRiiun VI IUI IRU-
roads in course of completion.
With the opening of the Panama -canal
the trade route between the Atlantjo
ports of America and" the mainland of
Asia will' be changed and much of th
freight which la now borne to the latter
'TJornnromTOTSpSTry r way or the Sues
canal may be expected to take th Pa
cific course. Manila will then 11 in th
main rout of Eurasian trafflo. and not
a Small portion or the collecting ana
distributing trads of Hongkong should
be diverted to her. '
More thsn half the people of th glob
are In commercial proximity to th Phil
ippine A large number of thess peo
ple are not at present within the estab
lished none of th world's traffic.- but
the-openlng up of new systems of trans
portation is constantly bringing exten
sive ares into trade relations with
other countries. In this fact 11 th
great opportunities of the Philippine.
Many of their products, present and po
tential, are of the kind that And a ready.
market ip semi-civuisea coramuniuoi.
China, the first snd slwsys the best
customer of th Philippines. : Is on th
eve of great commercial development
Already - ph Is In the positron of "de-
msndlng , mors or ins prooucis oi ins
archipelago than h to receiving. Sh
la' consuming a constantly Increasing
quantity of Philippine sugar, and her
demand for the insular lumber, now In
excess or tns -present anility-to suppay
It muat expand with lue extension or
Chines railroad construction and th
subsidiary operation ' As hsr Indus
Aalnn. China will need Manila
hemp and Philippine coal, and It Is not
Improbable that, with a little encourage-'
ment.-tha-lalaad-may, .In a few - year
be able to supply her with quantities
or cioining msivnai nn jmtiwm, m
other hand, th people of th Philip
pines, aa they convert, ever . increasing
areas of paddyland to more profitable
uses, will loos; io v;nina tur arrvawr
quiimiucii ui i iv . - - - , -
It Is not only to China that th Phil
ippine need to turn for trad. Japan
and other countries will afford deslrsbl
markets when th resources of th ar chipelago
are- scientifically developed..
It should be -remembered that the Phil
ippines have only recently entered th
t III III O I 1 111 V .. - - -
port of Manila was opened to foreign
trsde less than SO year ago and only
wtthln the last decade has th trad of
the islands been free of hampering restriction-
The bssto conditions ar ex
ceptlonably favorable and with their
evolution we- may ' expect to see th
Philippines grow into one ,of the most
prosperous countries of th Eastern
hemisphere, ' . j . .
card a hat while In th open air dur
ing hot weather as women da Means
splcuous. Of course, th uss of this
ventilator . Is not confined - to derby
hats, but can be attached to any style
of hat. -.. . : v .- ' 5 -
; GERMANY'S BAD VINTAGE
Mildew and Caterpillars. '.
There Is tribulation In Germany over,
th fsllur In many districts of ths vin
tage of lto. Th caterpillar have .
been busy at the. vines and th only
happy people In th win trade are those
who carry over good stocks from lfOt.
This condition is all th more bitter '
because the -season promised at Its
open1ng-'to1C'a!rUnuSuany" goodne.""'
A big yield wss regsrded as a certainty,
whan of a sudden It wss reported that
downy mildew had attacked tbe vines in
several districts of the wins country. .
- Ths mildew wss suoceeded hv a nlasru
of caterpillars, th hay worm or sour
worm, ss - they are 'popularly called.
Thousands of thes war discovered, but
not all could b removed from, the plants ,
arid great damage was caused by them.
Th latest estimates of , the yield in
the wine-producing regions . along th
Mosel. 8,aar .and Ruwer ar about half
th normal quantities In favorable cases.
un inw uppvr-snr sua lniDniv name mi
expectation la about ths same. - .
. On tbe lower Ahr and on localities
along the Rhine and Moset which were
most seriously, devastated..not mora
than a quarter of th usual product 1
looked for. In Rhenish Hesse and ths
Palatine th prospect ranges from a
half yield to practically none, and th
Baden, Wurtenburg and Franconla th
muoh lass. . -
Prices of -wloj-1n stock ar going up, .
and th whole win trad of Germany is
greatly disturbed. '. The wine auction
held In th spring were all conducted at, .
a time when th outlook was normal or
better. - Prices were, therefore, abou
average. ' Great quantities of last year's
win ir held by the trsde snd there
hss been active speculative dealing In It
sines th disaster to th new . grape
became-known. '",....'
Spreading' Sootrta f Tnionlsm. --
Th Chicago Federation Of I-abor ha
IK gill, m OT1,.VL K.IT.IIIIII I ll J viummj,
to advance th cause of unionism." Meet
ing are held upon prominent street cor-
sung and collections ar taken up among
thj) crowd to help lb local strike. '