1
I MAGAZINE SECTION THREE I
L 1 i !
jL I MAGAZINE SECTION THREE I
PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 2 J, IW
.
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HHI BK fcBtl I If
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this yean
fTTl HEt costliest blessing that the world enjoys U Peace.
No person knows what the various nations of the
earth, constantly eyeing each other in watchful sus
picion, like bulldogs in leash, pay for the maintenance of peace
through preparedness of war. There are sources of great ex
penditure that are not publicly known. But for their armies
and navies alone eight of the principal Powers are spending
this year the enormous total of $ 1,380,8 59,374-
It is difficult to grasp the meaning of such gigantic figures.
Diverted to the channels of commerce, one year's cost of peace
would build the Panama Canal five times over, with enough
left to operate the waterway nearly seventy years.
At the average income of an American family this amount
would support for the year almost the combined population of
P. nA Witmntin nr nf New VMHBSBSJM
Una; it would keep in much greater CQmrt -Wan met
,inV the mnvh 'tneA toiulation of the Netmrl
r 1 t
r- nf Rrltrium i n A fZreeee.
UT VI MWM.W9mr.w w
f ,L J..r.,t'. r.f tUlr rVi' Arm an At iHI
trie cuHiwiiun is .r..i mpnwf -PKIHVH
agriculture me xTCUtC3' ulc& ' i"S5i TtQswT
irjr fiVAf waronj spend in the.aggregate somWmg more than
one intra me cost or tne fmi bwkj, y
Staggering under this enormous load, thet
allv additir to it. Each year witnesses a rreate
armament of nations. In i8qo( only sixteen
. . 1 ir o i. BOO - : I. ut-
low ttMJ pjOO,000,J5U. 1 uuuy Pi m
J ,L. AMMiii rntf nf inrreme F.urOUe
JUfrt. J A urwwr w
rnn if m estimated, will be stiendint $10,
preserve its peace and insure seeming good will
.
IN 1903 tMHInited fiutcfl had arisen to be the fjwatest exporting
nation on the globe- I W to foreign buyera producta of it
fielda, minee and factoriee to the value of $1,892,231,000.
Yet all thia industry of its farmers, miners, mechanics and
artiaana resulted in but little more than enough to keep the armies of
the world ready to fly at esch other's throats, the navies manned and
flAll the steel and iron producta that the generous bosom of the
earth yields in their primitive form in one year would not pay the
cost of maintaining peace quite eighteen months. The entire cotton
output of the globe would hardly do it.
America's bulwark and boast are ita agricultural resources. No
other nation is so blessed. All the cotton and cotton fabric it pro
duced, together with all the ther agricultural producta exported 111
1906 would have fallen over $800,000,000 short of paying the annual
bill of the eight greatest nations for their armies and navies.
Such is the cost of peace. odLiL it
But it isn't a stationary cost. lake the poor mans family, it
""fieven of the great nations France, Great Britain, Austria,
Ungate.. Germany, IV'WSbO1890
laud and naval arms a grand total of VM-
By 1898 these figurea had grown to 1'M'"X,an.d.
i JUW 163 889 Figuree for Japan are not included, as they aro
not avS'able I for the Earlier periods, slthough they are included m
the irrand total for eight nations this yesr.)
In"eaed cost, then, during the first eight-year period
was eSSoO. or an average of $309,450 a year For
the second eight yesr period the increase was $329,609,716,
an average of $41,188,614 a year.
The heavy drain upon the rewurces of nations is
shown by the fact that this average annual increase within
the lsst eight yesrs has been within a few miUion dollars
of the entire export trade of Norway, much larger than
that of any South American country except Brwil and
ChiSe and the Argentine, and more than the cost of main-
tuininir the public schools of New York. .
taming iue - .u:- U,.truH:inn in Austria
1-rarer man me uui ui .
and ItalT combined is this annual increase in the expense
of national armament. In fact, the
voted to the development of agriculture in six of the na
iou. concerned is only aboutj?. 000.000 greater than thu,
A member of the English Parliament point, to thew
nmires as the most powerful argument in favor of national
dSarmJmeut and a general 'W?,3S
Europe is stsggering under it. fearful load of aoldier. and
"USn1&' "the mflitary
ofTuropV wm represented by f
k waa $Y00 000,000; in 1905 it was nearly $1,500,000,000.
"Should it continue to increase at the present rate, in
1916 It wUl be $2 ,000,006.000, and in 1945 it will amount to
M 600 000,000, which will mean national annihilation for
Eur-Tthe resource, of the.peopje wUl not increase in
l'r0,lSa0,'triving to keep iU head above water a princi
pal Power of the earth la re
sponsible ff the terrlflo debt
of France, amounting to
nearly . $6,000,000,000. l b.
immensity of this sum is Jit
ficult to graap. The authorif.
quoted abewe .tate. that If 1'
were converted into 100-scu
pisses a sou is tlxt 1
centr-there would be needed
to carry it 82.000 carts,
heavily laden, and drawn by
three horse, .ack- , ,
But with it. Continental
neighbor, and England oon-
ljm tmA
V
is continu- .
nd for the
s ago, the
ten years
men.
am
stantly arHing to their navies and the efficiency of their arrnie., France
must do likewise. Her greatest strain has been in mainiafning her
place aa the aecond naval Power. In 1890 she spent $39,207,560 upon
marine protection; eight years later this drain on' her purse had
grown to $57,391,889, and the present year witnessed a demand for
$65,007,443.
Germany has been even more lavish in her orders for new vessels
and equipments and in maintaining the navy. In Jt8$Q her naval
budget was $8,658,720; in 1898 it had jumped to $29,(80f. Wi laa
year was $80,216,916. .J.
"The influence ot navies on tne rate 01 nations ifsnefan pwm
year by year, states a recem annual 01 me umwu a
no nation, whatever has been its military power or
position, can ngnt as a great worm nation ume
the mi. , .
"Vnr uhm nf mnna. this strerurth is more
others. To England it is life. But, no matter what
falls behind in the raoe for naval aupremacy, it fi
race for greatness.
Ttii. ovnlaina mhr imi of the OTeat nations.
838,015 on their navies fc 1890had increaaed thi.
1898, and to $508,1941519 this year.
' One would imagine that such enormously in
upon one branch of national defense ana age
mu hn mnnla nf tViA various countries to St
the people of the world Power, take great pride i
navies to maae or
Le adieu Ge
enthusiastic wor
of naval educati
man Navy Le
purpose in 898
X ortv men are
headquarter.
furnishing mf
increase the
naval growth
So it
oconle of
pire, millio
a sesoosst,
tively rec
dreamed, o
mm
mm 11
mall."WaBtw f
1 W .
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