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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 29, 1906)
OREGON DAILY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER tt, 1906. aA LBBJHfl TggggV IL I alttfltltftslMenaaBaaaami i SsF Cr Ylh I MB MMPBnw . vs I t m Wt 4MlMi.AWtilT .slfjawaeawa i h " J I BgS ;-: HhA BWaJati gaxemfanvlnwX9 Bns If aWjaeaa BmxWBKOk fWCSlBardr SBS Bml v He B fsfli B Ljawamaahmmmi aamxearnsBs'xBi pggH I Yamaha.- 1 4 W HHBBBbW9 IKbbI BflfasMMMw flsammmmmmm J iammmC' Ht ; THE preaent Insurrection In Cuba can have afforded no aurpriae to practical students of political , history, nor to those conversant with the current of political and com mercta! affaire In the taland since Uw establishment of the republic. We have In Cuba two distinct sets of causea militating against tbe maintenance of the republican form of government. These cauaea are similar to thoae which prevented the prosperity of Mexico under a popular form of government and found a satisfactory solution in a dictatorship, and those which In Hawaii led to tbe usurpation of power by the men la whom centered the Intelligence and wealth of the islands. The Cabana have no genius for government. They know neither how to govern nor how to be governed. It Is no more than natu ral that auch should be the case. They have neither had opportunity to prac tice the art of administration nor an example by which they might benefit. Tbey lack entirely the motive power and the balance that more stable communi ties find In an Intelligent public opinion. With the exception of a love of liberty, which In Its undisciplined state Is little more than a terra of license, the Cu bans as a people are wholly deficient In the necessary qualifications for the conduct and maintenance of a republican form of government. History affords no Instance of a peo ple Ignorant of anything but mUrole having established a peaceful and per manent government without passing through a long period of more or . least turbulent formation. There is no rea son for supposing that Cuba will furnish an exception to this rule. On the con trary. It Is mora than probable that If the present Insurrection la suppressed It will be fallowed by another before the expiration of President Palme's term of office. Ultimately armed Inter vention on the part of the United Statee will surety become necessary, and a few thoughtful perse as believe that the stars and stripes. If once again raised In Cuba, will ever ha lowered. Either of two contingencies may defer such a con summation for a period "-the aeirure of tbe reins of power by a Diaa. or the oc cupancy of the White House by a Demo cratic president. The other set of ssssts. while slower In their operation, will be surer in their eventual effect. Cuba Is today in muan the same situa tion as was Hawaii at the time of the annexation. The wealth and resources ef the former are In the hands of for eigners, as were those of the latter. The regeneration ef Cuba ts due mainly to American capital, which has unceas ingly flowed ritta the Island In enor mous quantities since Its emancipation frees Spate. The American Interests in the island loamy represent an invest ment little. If nt all short of ttMOM. Ml The vast sugar and tobacco Indus tries are largely In American hands, and a east ban or other foreign capital con trols the manufactories, the railroads, the hanks and practically all the Impor tant enterprises. Tna natrvae are the administrators, the officials and the hv horors; foreigners are tna prose Istosa ef the country. There are today 10, re or tsars assirlrans owning real estate la Cuba, far which thay have paid upward af MM. Ms. The desire of these foreigners to sss the Island ta the an tia af the United Statee ts easily understood. It ts mat masaiy by sentiment ay amy mtasa. hart la mainly due to material coasldera Uans, The proem art ty that has accrued from reciprocity Is only a a gangs ef what will attorn and free trade with the united In lt4 Cuba en ported ta the United Mates sugar to the value af ever tls.M4.Md and tobacco ta the Tare af nearly ttt.Ma.Mo. The duty am those Items aJamm, If saved, would form a con siderable hiiiaul to the profits af the planters. Whilst these Interests hav- to the It la not to be etches have tntl- sjglnd that they are actively samp art tan the tnaurrectliianiats With their aaswlsaga af the malms taaraater of tho lower class Oiaaas and their dn strucflve tendencies, capitalists ovist. the effects of get beyond the Tmty wui as iss j searmnc taw md Indiscriminate saassner in tho entire wealth of tho country smtraysd In tho recant issaWlaii. The American property Owners are more to favor the plan of bringing by political methods. In H i- of the tame extent with auch great and varied resources as Curia About tha else of England and somewhat smaller than the state of Pennsylvania, It la oapable of producing tha beat tobacco in the world, sugar equal to any. coffee of the highest grade, a great variety of fruits and vegetables snd several kinds of commercial fibers. Add to this, splen did pasture lands, an abundance of val uable timber, snd mineral deposits which Include gold, copper. Iron, coal and manganese. Although almost ail tint. land Is ble of producing marketable crops, only a small proportion of It Is yet under cultivation. The vast sugar output is secured from no more than 400.000 acres of cans, notwithstanding the planta tions occupy a very much greater a: Extensive sections are occupied by un survcyed virgin forest, covering land that. In tilth, would yield sugar, tobacco or other profitable products. Despite the astounding development of recent years. It is safe to say that ths country has not yet been exploited to the extent of one fourth of Its possibilities. The greatest Impetus to the Indus tries of the Island has been derived from the improvement and extension of rail roads, of which there are at present 1.500 miles of trunk lino. One third or more of this mileage has boon construct ed since the war. A great desl more la either planned or In process of construc tion, with the Intention of creating a system which Shall afford Intercom munication by rail bet weep all parts of the island. Tho most Important of the new lines Is tho Cuba railroad, running from Santiago, at ths eastern extremity of the Island, to Santa Clara, at the cen ter. There It connects with tha United railway, operating a line which extends to the capital and has a network of branches In the province of Havana. Tha Cuba railroad, which Is bettor known la this country by tho nemo of Its promoter. Sir William Vaa Horns, acquired several hundred thousand acres of land la the process of securing Its right of way. I la rapidly clearing this land of timber and converting It Into sugar plantations. It has already shout B.000 acres under cultivation, and s mill In operation with a capacity of grinding 1,000 bags a day. Eighty or more simi lar mills are projected by tbe Cuba company and other corporations along the route of this line. What this devel opment wrM mean may. In some meas ure, bo gathered from the statement that each of these mills will esfabHah. ta a country largely unoccupied hitherto a settlement of l.eoe or IS, Ms seals Al ready the road runs through many miles or sugar." tobacco and pasture land, where n tow years ago att was wild backwoods. These Indications ef a splendid pros perity are Or evidence In all parts of the country. Cuba's sugar Industry, which wis practically wiped out during tha war with the destruction of tha various mills and other buildings, has boom lled In Increased magnitude and efficacy. There arc tn tha various provinces upward of rM plantations, with bettor equipment than they over bad before. New sugar lands are being constantly redeemed from ths woods and additional capital is Invested In the industry every year. Ths great need now ts labor The govern ascot la lurlag every mean ta Induce Immigration from Italy and other parts af Southern Ear aaa- Unfortunately like Porto Rice- Cuba has a largo proportion of its population which la approaching l.eW.MI from which It derives mo benefit ajhmtotat Luluisd and half whits people, who Just neither earn nor spend We will briefly review the six prwv Inces of tho Island In succession and re turn to the industrial development In tho meat srtiele. The physical features of tha fenamsd are rijognlai and diversi fied. In general it may bo said that tha central portion la corns od bar broad. undulating plains without any crest raresflaa la ass ia)hm. WeaVdmTlwed mountain ranges are found only at tbe two extremes In th.. province of San r more correctly. Orients,- tha ef the ground Is much bra hep exceed .1 000 feet In altitude. Hera as a region In which armed rebellion may defy authority tn toftntsoty. Alt soar tho Island vegetation grows In profusion and in Us mast beautiful forms, which prompt". I Humboldt to re mark: 'We might almost believe that the entire turn ad was originally a fax gat af pslsns. want Umoa and in aligns " It U 000.000 acres of it remain uncleared. There are no production. frfT' i ' ... iswaKsaH Bssaj-w- - '. ' taHwaF'1-' - - - , .., - " - - enmsa. .' fi7 rgmgdam Wl I Wm ' jemmmmammmmmff WSft I I aavms"" amrnrn w t f the provinces contain good mad. whilst the pineapple. sweet potato. Indian corn and other fruits and vegetables may bo raised on say unoccupied land. Tho climate Is favorable to tha culti vation of tho widest variety of crops. Frost Is unknown. Tho mean annual temperature of Havana, which ts repre sentative, ts T7 degrees Fahrenheit. The range between tbe mean of the hottest and tha mists at months is only II de grees from ts to 71. Plnar del Rio. tha westers province, la tho tobacco section par excellence. The southern portion af It contains ths world-famed Vuelta Aba Jo Vegas, which ui sdp' as leaf without an equal, tn tha heart of this district stands the anti quated city of Plnar del Rio. It has a papulation ef about 10-Mo, mainly en gaged la tho tobacco bast scan. Tha Western rest way ef Havana eeaanento tfea town with the capital and other centers. Bah la Honda, one of the naval ssatlina ceded ta tho United Statee. la la this province The province ef Plnar ami Kio was devastated during the lata revolution, hot It Is enjoying Its share mt the reconstruction and general Im provement that Is rapidly changing the face of the leland. The province ef Havana, though tho smallest. Is tho most important in 'uba bar reasotl of containing the seat of gov ernment ami the social capital. It hares sugar alcohol, tehee an sad tables; In large quantity The sarstssfii paaltlia ef Imvaai at was snath ef the Ouif of Mexico ham mi sad tar It the title of tha "Key mt the Goaf.' In" the umuealsa af the United States It weald become tho 'Cne todlan af tho Canal." Havana tn strong ly fnvtlnmnv On one side ef ato saaMamm to the harbor the Mora aad La Calaam Oner- arjZst'2UU2:ui. s sinister frost seaward. Tho deep pouch -like harbor Is capable of. shelter ing a thousand, ships. Being the princi ple pert of rl Island. Havana Is tha entrepot for s large traffic, tnterlog as well as exterior, which re maintained by steam and electric roads aad several lino lines of steamships, aad facilitated by cable communication and Internal telegraph. The capital of Cuba fts one of the saoat beautiful ctttso la , the world, sad, thanks to the lobars ef American sanl tartans, amongst fie most healthful. It has aplenotd water and will soon be saga neatly sewered aad saved. These features are sufficient ta account fat tho tact that the city la yearly bssom sac more popular with Americans as a winter resort la this ramp let tt la far superior to Florida which, has ever It the single advantage derived from Its The visitor to Havana la delighted with the unique, mingling of the ancient and modern In a city which presents such striking contrasts as that between the remains of tho medieval wall and Use fart of let Fnerxa. dating from IMS, and the magna! ant perks and namttal buildings- The oM etty hear had a history both tragic aad rosasanOMe which may he traced tn many ancient landmarks aad aaaaneeoMe lean Ma toe, It hma hose as had and reaaefced bar baa sa wears, swept by fire and hurricane, visited ttmo aaaf ana's by pi ague, no tably when two Sg-jttsh war vassete brought in 17(1 tap "black vomit," ec yellow fever, an R earns to bo railed, from the shores of Mexico The first epidemic carried off MM aitmis and the dread disease became endemic sang Was only eradicated by hmsrlisns ha mi. Of Havana's many hull dings that amp- ace of the noteworthy on all accounta tt tatns-genersX It Is magnificent tn aim aad architecture and renowned for the hesuty and grandeur af Its salons and galleries. The structure Is the prop erty of the municipality which permits the president to occupy It Tho ancient convent of San Francisco, now given over to tho custom house. Is also an interesting and Imposing edifice. -The building oevarded by the house nf rep resentatives la, one of many similar Una structures that form connecting links with the pa ft. In the formation of Its beautiful parks Havana had dhe advantage of IM many magnificent Indigenous plants. Central park. Plana do Armas, Park af Colon and half a deaan ether similar expanses serve, with the many avenues and prnmensdes. ss beautiful settings to the many handsome public, buildings snd rostdeneem. Soma one has very aptly styled Havana tha "Paris of America It Is the- gayest of all the Spanish-American cities. Its loo.ooo people form a pJsaav tire-tovtng population that demands to be constantly amused. The better clsas of its society la composed of a n msr ons element af foreigners nf all nations, besides the wsB to dh aad) eawoassat Cubans. Of tha former a large prupor tlon are Americana and a boat am equal number Spaniards, many of whom ro- ; malned In Cuha, whilst hardly a eTsaPJw were ro ne ronna rn rorro rtico ar ine time of tho hust as same, i Tha Spaafauda and upper rhsse Came as are much perhaps the only difference them being that the representor ssj af tho eld regime do net appear tn be able to get ovr the 111 feeling by the war Tho natives are si hy s. dignified ontlaltey amsa hosr.tt.iHfv that cannot fall energy and lnterprlse than the same class In Porto Rico, but are still very far from coming up to our standard In these respects. .lks all Spunlah-Amer-Ican cities, Havana has a great number of clubs and societies ostensibly devoted to a variety of utilitarian purposes, but the principal object of all alike Is pleas ure There are aeven theatres, the chief being the National and the Payret. The former Is one of tine largest nnd neat tn the world. There are a great va riety of other amusements. Baseball has taken root In the city and contests with Jal Alal, the national gams, for popular favor. Havana has anour. a aoaen newspapers, which are very creditably edited and as well served with telegraphic news as our large dallies. The olty has remark bly fine police and fire departments. several churches, a number or schools of various descriptions, a good electric streetcar system and other public utili ties. In short, Havana Is a busy, band- some, up-to-date city, with a strong flavor of a bygone age. The province of Matanzaa contains some of the beat sugar lands In the Island, and several splendidly equipped plantations. Asldo from the staple produot, the province has a considerable trade tn timber. Ma- tansas, the capital. Is a busy city of about 40,000 Inhabitants. It has the reputation of being the most healthy place In the Island, and has unquestlon ably the most beautiful location, being built In tbe famed Valley of the Tumuri, the moat picturesque as well as ths most highly cultivated region In the Island. Cardenas, another city of this province, and almost as large as Melan ges, occupies, after it. the third place la the ranks of Cuba's commercial cen ters. Santa Clara province produces the greatest variety of staples tn addition to sugar and tobacco, and haa a con siderable trade In cattle. Its grasing grounds are accounted second to none in the Island. Clenfhogos, which ranks next to Havana among the ports, has a fine harbor and rail connection with tbe capital and the principal points on the northern coast It la the center of tbe sugar Industry of the south of the Is land. Some of the finest plantations In Cuba lis around ths city. Puerto Principe Is probably tbe poor est and least developed of the provinces, but is destined to benefit greatly by the operation of the Cuba railroad, which traverses its center. Puerto Principe, or Camaguey, is a olty of about 2K.J00 population, with a large export trade In sugar, tobacco and wax, and an im portant industry la the manufacture of cigars. Orients, the mountainous province at the eastern end of the Island, Is the principal seat of Cuba's mineral wealth. It contains ancient mines that ware worked by ths Spaniards with Indian labor In ths days of De Soto. Some of these, notably the copper mines of Cofere, are at present in operation. The Span ish-American company's Iron mlnea are altuated about six miles Inland from Daiquiri, and are connected with the coast by a broad-gauge railway. The output of these mlnea la Increasing, and there does not appear to be any limit to ths ors tn sight. The Juragua Iron company has a mine In this region, alt uated like that of the Spanish-Amerloan company's, about six mllaa from the sea, and. Ilka II. having railroad connee tlorr with Its own pier. It Is not alone for Its mineral depos its, however, that Orients is notable. Ths extremely fertile valley of Ouan tanamo contains some of the largeat and best sugar plantations In Cuba. A sim ilar district Is that running back from Mansaiilllo bay to Bayamo. The latter place,' one of the must picturesque of ail old Cuban towns, was destroyed during; the ten years' war and Is now a mass of ruins. From Bayamo, extending to tha north. Is a fine, rolling country,, where previous to the wsr countless herds of oattle and horses g rased. There are signs of a revival of the old stoek ratslng Industry In these parts. Baracoa, to the west of Caps Malst, Is the oldest settlement In Cuba, bavins been founded In 1611 by Velaeques, aho was sent by Diego Columbua from San Domingo to colonise ths Island. To the wast of Baracoa la Mips bay, one of the finest harbors of the world. Inland In this vicinity Is a wonderfully fertile country adapted to the cultivation of tobacco and almost nay kind of vege tables. The new town of Anttlla, on ths bay. Is s) terminus of ths Cuba rail road, and. If present plans are carried to their maturity, It will be one of the principal cities of eastern Cuba. Ths port will be but two and a half days' ateam from New Tork, and the project contemplatea making It a great point of aupply for that city. There are always a number of orchard a and vegetable farms In the country surrounding tha bay, aad tha United Fruit company's steamers maintain a regular service be tween Nlpe and Banes bays and Now Tork. The resources of Orlente or Santiago prnvlnos are more varied than those of any other, and will probably prove on development to be mora rich. This por tion of the country presents exceptional opportunities to Industrious Americans with email capital. Tha saws profltaMS cafatales will undoubtedly be reclaimed, and the old-time coffee trade of Cuba be revived, af least to a considerable ex tent. There la room for the small sugar cultivator under agreement with some mltlowncr. Cocoenuts may be made tbe source of large profits with compara tively little expenditure of mosey. Garden truck grows with great rapidity snd needs but little working. In my neat article I hope to convey a more definite Idea of the development of 4 he Industries and commerce of Cuba, and the projected Improvements. a H. FORBES LINDSAT. Nature's Tunnel and Tube Makers tt m m W aV HEN a few ysars ago Indon's YLff-W "tuppenny tube" was opened WW to the public ws were not a little Impressed by ths engi neering skill which had bored long run nels far below the surface of tha ground, lined them with steel tubing to resist the earth pressure, and made tt possible for all sorts snd conditions of men to pass through them la ssfety to snd from their various occupations Undoubtedly tt was s great achieve ment; hot in this, as In many other feata of skill, man Is forestalled by tha lower animals. Ths necessity of obtain ing protection roes their saamlss or finding a sufficiency of suitable food has turned many cieatoroa Into expert tunnel and tube makers. We will take ss our first example the shellfish known to longshoremen by tbe name of plddock. Its scientific name ts phdTaa. but Its two-valved shell has been' given the pretty popular name ef an gel's wings, tbe reason being perfectly obvious after a glance. Now. the mol Iuak which resides In this gaping shell Is very much like an oyster or a clsm, so fsr as Its bodily aspect le concerned. It seems to be very flabby sad very lacking In what we term brain power. Tet this tenant of the angel's wings Is capable of bun owing Into bard rock, sinking downward gradually as Its shell grows, just ss though It were merely working Itself Into aand. A great many kinds of shellfish burrow Into sand, and this habit readers them safe from many am amiss, Certain fishes plow up, the sand sad crack and eat all tbe mollnska tbey can discover. And It Is probable that the pslesoiltlna af these fishes, or rather of their ancestors, brought about the roek tna noting habits of tho plddock Sand burrows were unsafe, so the ptddoeka began is borrow Into rocks and etonos. Commaswlsg tn youth, tbey pass tha whole of their Uvea In working their way Into these hard-grained substances and era thus able to set their would-be enemies at defiance As tt works Its way Into the rock the plddock becomes a lifelong prisoner to Its own tunnel As tt Increases ta else and works Its way deeper the hole gradually becomes lerg er; bat as the lower part af the ptd doeka shell le much greater in circum ference than tho upper, as the ereaturs Is constantly growing, tho entrance of its runnel Is soon too small to admit ef This, however, does not matter ta the pmntock. whose nolo concern Is to hide. It takes all Its foad tn solution. in other am sat ft sucks to sea water through one tube and discharges tt through another, relying for Its eue tenanee upon tho mlnnte scrape of food stuff that chsnoe to be In tha water it. Thue the plddock Is quite content In its self-made dun- Annther marine tunneler nearly to the phtdm.k Is the teredo, or ahlpwdrm, Thle creature works Its way Info stood not rotten wood, but good solid ask or leak. In past fears It was a sssajgom to the hipping ef the whole but the advent of the steel ship limit to Ms depredations la this Still, however. It m Ms sag swa- merged timber of all kinds tf unpro tested, and to Holland It Is regarded sa a national danger Like the , the shlpworm makes its tun- wholly for protection, for It doss amort Uss wood ships watch it Ne ens, not even men ef eoteuee. ems tell exactly how the ntddoek and ths shlpworm accomplish their wonderful boring feats Some hare thought that ths work was done by means of constant rasping producer by the movement of the short; ethers, that the fleshy asws cular "foot" of the animal ts present sat tha chief tool, while still others have held that the constant action ef tha water pumped, as tt wars, through the body of the molluah against ths sides of Its crypt effected the gradual enlarge ment necessary as the creature ta stso. As a matter ef fact. It Is probable that a combination of all plddock the expert issgaHlg which we to be. .boot the sblpwerm's lea of especial Interest. They saw Hned with a layer ef hard, shelly ma terial tn exactly the same way ths hu man engineers One then- kuitoaa wRh stone or brickwork or with a tube of SUSL Tola shelly lining prevent wood from swelling and bulging 1 and Insures the free passage of along the tunnel. This Is very necessary, as we have seen ths shlpworm relies upon a constant supply of sea water tn order to feed. As Its tunnels sre often of great length. It most make sore that no stoppage shall occur, or else ram (MM risk ef being starved to death. A green thicker shelly lining Is ossV efruc.ted by a cousin of fa known as the ryphns. It mal neia tn the aand of tha asm bottom. Thus, rf H did not construct a rilmhla castes; with Rs barrow, it would vary soon be cut off by s "fair ef smad be hind It and perish, like a miner I asm hi oned by a sudden subsidence' of rook or coat, in racr, ine snipworm ana eypmmw "shore up" tbe sides of their tunnel to exsetly tho manner which msdsrn engi neers agree to be the hast, namely. hF construe ting a rube within the bo ring as the work progresses. These shelly tubes are sometimes dug oat ef tha sand by ths South Sea Islanders In sec tions varying from four to six feet I and are valued highly by ths fin iarl charms. Tbey are placed above doorposts of the huta lust as' we sa times Rah any a horseshoe Vertical shafts are sank by certain molluaks termed asper guinea, snd these, too, are lined with shelly material Ths tons saw roofed over in a very pretty way, ths edge being frilled and the covering stud ied with holes Hhe the rose of a Ing pot. In this way undesirable era are leapt sot, while a free paaat waterWs preserved. One other example nf nature's makers are the "long horn" I Representatives of thee Insset found la all parts nf ths world. are ef all stem, from great fellows several Inches long to little chape toto in slae th in files The grubs do immesas damage in many paras M tha etvlltoad) globe. At ths seme tfsto R M a that in tropical forests these hettles good service hi preserving what ths 'batoaoe ef nature," T m mpmm .Imotit fr ftr mrw bfwn ml id the
