V
'O country in th world 'has iso
heterogeneous a population a
Hawaii. It inhabltantii am
mads up of element- differing
. ao widely in origin, phyatcal and mental
characteristic. -speh and. religion, that
there la tio prospect of ultimata fusion
. ef tba various races. -Strangely enough,
the natlvea are the ieaat reaiatent to
auoh a movement Thar- have aver dis
played a willingness to mix with at ran it
era and a reoeptlveness to foreign "In
fluences. -, The - women of the.: Islands
have married freely with "every alien
race, and a, native strain runa through
. almost every prominent family In . the
. territory. Tbe population of Hawaii la
somewhat in excea of HO, 000. It-is
composed of five principal elementa:
1, American, .British. Germans, ate., wh
number about 1J.00;' S. Japanese, ex
ceeding fO.000; I. Chinese. 25,000; 4.
Portuguese. lt.000: I. Kanakaa. or na-
tire Hawaiian a, 17.000. The remainder
- constats of negroes, ,- Filipinos, ' Malay
and varioua other Pacific islanders. f
. The origin of the people of this Poly
1 neslah. (roup la obscure. ' Their tradi
tional history, which la wonderfully re
liable,, considering that i It lacked the
- vehicle of a written character, place
the first -settlement of the Islands at
a period about 100 years . before the
, birth of Chrtst.' The claim of Qaelan.
the Spanish navigator, to the discovery
' or Hawaii appear to be -well founded.
but -he states that ha found Spaniards
and Norsemen imnnt the people. Thesw
foreigners, the victims of shipwreck.
were happily domiciled In that natural
. paradise, and declined the explorer's
offer to carry them back to the western
world.' Mora than 20 years elapsed
between the visit of Oaetano and that
of Captain Cook, the accredited dlscbv
erer of the" Hand wlch Inlands, as he
.named tnem. Hhortly after cook a 111
fated sojourn, British and Yankee traJ-
- era began to touch at the Islands, and
during the nineteenth century English
and American mnuence grew powerful
In the affair of the Islands and devel
oped a bitter rivalry. A early aa 1789
. two seamen named Davis and Toung,
the sole survivors from . the massacre
of the crew of an American brig, ael-
tled down amongst their captors, mar-
' rled and were raised to the rank of
chief. From these first American Hn-
wallans two of the . most . prominent
. families of Hawaii sprang.-and mar
riages between white and najtlva women
have even a! nee been of common occur
. rence. A white woman has never, how-
over, been known to marry a Kanaka.
The children of such union are gen
. erally an Improvement upon the native
stock, but seldom up -to the American
Standard, physically or mentally. . The
- half-whit girls appear to be more
favored than, their brother. They , are
mora vivacious, have greater Intelli
gence, better feature and atronger con
stitutions. ; Of the various- kinds of
half-eeatee in the islands the Chinese
Jiawallans are the most .promising and
apparently superior to. all others- In
physical and mental equipment TheJ
. first generation of them la approaching!
manhood and bid fair to make Ita mark
In the community. Indeed. It 1 more
.than probable that some of them will
eventually become prominent figures in
our national life, for these young hybrid
. shoots, are American cltlion. All the
good Qualities of each -race seem to be
. retained, whilst the undesirable traits
are eliminated. . The children are the
beat scholar. Intellectually and morally,
la the publlo school. , 1 The .boy art
; clean, manly fellow, with keen ambi
tion and a wholeaoma pride in their clt
Isenshlp. They -respond readily to the
efforts of their father to thoroughly
Americanise them. - This element of the
population, although numerically small,
will surely become an Important factor
' In the future development of the terri
tory. - , . '. - - . -
The Introduction of foreigners In
largo numbers ha been In response to
the great demand for labor to work the
ugar plantations. The Kanakas, whilst
' physically - capable, - are disinclined to
hard or sustained labor, and no amount
f remuneration would Indue them to
do the work that is performed by the
Portuguese and Orientals. The field
hand have been Imported at great ex
penao and they are paid the equivalent
of I0 a month, so that the native had
they been -willing might have earned
large wages, i -,, ' ' .
The fact la that the Kanaka Is prac
tically useless. He la heavily handi
capped by indolence and lack of all am
bition. He would rather loaf through
life after the manner of hla forefather
than secure the luxuries and ' advan
tages of civilisation at the expense of
ordinary toll. A robust exterior belles
at weak constitution, a heritage from
ancestors whose lives . were ona long
round of animal Indulgence. HI moral
fiber, too, la of the poorest quality. Edu
cation benefit him little. If at all. - In-
' deed. If possible. It renders him lea fit
for the struggle of life. Allen are
pushing him to the wall and he la clear
ly doomed to extinction. , The on great
native industry was the cultivation of
tare, the national food, That ia now
monopolised by the Chines. " The only
occupation left to the Kanakaa are
those connected with tba sea. Tba na
tive Hawafuin ar fin a earn en and the
calling 1 to their liking, but the op
portunities for' following It ar vary
limited. .Many of them work a steve
dores, an occupation which suit thera
adalrablj: on account of It frequent la
e
tervala of rest, where ' a. port may be
devoid of vessels for days at a time.
A stranger seeing a; gang of Kanakaa
unloading a ahip would ..Imagine tlmt
they -were the most energetic of mor
ula, for they can and do work hard by
spurts, but the Incentive to effort always
lie In the prospective spell of dole far
nlente. The educated native seeks cler
ical employment or engages in - some
branch of trade, but acldonr-wlth suc
cess. In neither capacity tan he com
pete with Aha.Chlnamantwho Is alto
gether hla superior, mora efficient and
more reliable. The .Kanaka is a thor
ough child of nature, following the tinea
of least rrdatanca and dallying with the
simple pleaaure that delight hla heart
He Uvea aa thelllleaof the field, af harm
less, useless, but picturesque figure, aad
perhapa the kindest fate that ran befall
him Is to be permitted to drift In hla
own happy fashion out of a world which
has no longer a place for him. -'
The Hawllana are. very susceptible
to contagious dlseaae,, and when leprosy
was Introduced by the Chines In-181.
It immediately took root and apread
rapidly among . the- natlvea. They- do
not entertain- any fear of the dlseaae
and aeldom - take - any ' precautions to
ayold contact -with auf ferers. . . Indeed,
the work of the health of fleer Is often
impeded by the disinclination of families
to have leprous members takenaway
from their homes. - The disease haa
being vigorously combated ever aince Its
Introduction to the Islands. I The au
thorities believe that at present It. la
completely . under - control and : that It
will be atamped out in tbls generation.
There are very' few, if any,- Infected
person at large-In the territory. In
18(t the government act. apart a small
peninsula at the northern end of I the
island of Molokal aa a leper settlement
This neck of land, which la called Kal
awao, ia cut off on the Inner aide by a
preolplc more than 1,000 feet in height
It was amongst the loathsome inhabi
tants of this reservation that the saintly
Father Damlen . labored for 10 years,
and in their mldat ha died of- th foul
dlseaso that link them together. Every
thing possible 1 done for the comfort of
the unfortunate wretchea who are for
ever cut off from th world from the
moment they set foot on- Kalawao. They
are well s housed and fed - and have
churches, clubrooms and libraries. Gov
ernment physician visit thera at regu
lar intervals, but stranger ore rarely
allowed acoess to th peninsula, ' and
mar curiosity-hunters are rigidly ex
cluded. The colony at present number
oinewhat more than 1,000 souls. Ninety
five per cent are natlvsa; three fifth of
th remainder are Chinese, and fewer
than ' 20. whites. The average life at
Kalawao I less than five year,' and the
lepers seldom suffer - much' physical
pain. The mental anguish of these
miserable outcasts la probably greater
than we "can conceive. Some of them
have been persona of wealth and refine
ment "There was) a notable case of a
rich-Hawaiian, who. suspecting thst he
was contaminated, aubmltted himself to
th health officers for examination. They
decided that he waa a leper, and this na
tive, with a noble aens of duty, calmly
accepted the verdict and "proceeded to
Kalawao,'-'where he devoted the re
mainder of hi life and ample mean to
the amelioration of the suffering of hi
fellow-prisoners. -..
The Portuguese,' who came originally
a laborers In the cane fields, are now
for the most part 'engaged in the culti
vation of coffee on their own account
They are very thrifty, and It is thalr
practice to make every member of the
family earn a wage.' In thia way most
of them saved. sufficient money to pur
chase a small patch of land and start
a coffee plantation.' The Portuguese
keep pretty much to themselves, and
take little part In the social and politi
cal life of th Islands.
Th Japanese ar the moat numerous
of tbe many natloaalltlea that make up
th population of Hawaii, On this7 ac
count, and because of their aggressive
ness, they ar the: subject of a great
deal of concern on tbe parf of th
whit, maax of whom express tha fear
, 1 1 ajiii m, iii iinn - i 'v i- ri f' " - - ""liirtrntr immm a atfiir - - '
Cr.ZC 311 DAILY JOUniTAL', TOTLAKO. SATURDAY
. ,' . '
-,-.',
-4 JXaxrvx
that the territory rwlll eventually' be-
Come Japanised.. There does . not seem
to bo ground for apprehension, however,
for; although the Japanese are -numerically
strong enough to attain a dominat
ing' position In the Insular politic they
do not display any inclination to xr
cla the ordinary . privileges of citizen
ship. Very few, Indeed, of those en
titled to vote do so. On the other hand,
there is ample evidence that the Japa
nese aim to control the labor' aituatlon.
and' every reason to Abellevo that they
will succeed. At present the' sugar In
dustry Is dependent upon - their labor,
and there does not appear ' to be any
available substitute for It - Almost
very - kind : of - whits labor - has been
tried In . th fields, with satisfactory
reaulta only In the case of the Portu
guese.' They are no longer available.
The coat of their Importation I at the
present lime - almost prohibitive, . and
they, ha v now. no Inducement to emi
grate In the prosperous .state of their
own country. - , . - - ...
In this connection Governor Carter, of
Hawaii, -said:. ."It ha for many year
been necessary to promote Immigration
of field hands to the Islands, and many
conntrles have bfen drawn 'from. There
has been regularly conducted emigration
from Oermany, dalicta, ' Norway and'
Sweden, Asorea, Madeira, ' Portugal,
China,. Japan and Porto Rico, besides
which Brrtlsh,, Americans, Italians and
negroes from th United States have
come in small ' numbers. Today there
are no white men laboring In cane fields
here. -ThosO who ha v tried It have
nver atayed by It for1 any length -of
time, and abundant evidence exlat that
th white man cannot and will not atand
th work of tropical cane field. " Som
year ago 'the largest plantation In
Hawaii tried an experiment with Amer
ican farmer. Fifteen families from
the weet were brought to the Islands.
AH their expenses were paid. . They
were settled In comfortable houses, each
with a garden patch' and th use of pas
ture land. Each family was given a cer
tain area to cultivate In cane, and evory
assistance In the-way. of plowing and
preparing the ground was afforded to
tbaiy. Tba experiment proved, oorar
if-"- "
JZzaszc
plete failure,'; Th work was beyond th
endurance ; of the Americana, and 12
month after their -arrival not one of
th emigrant remained in th fields.- It
waa clear then that th planter must
rely . on the Japaneae, and the latter
thoroughly 'appreciate the . situation.
They are a rough lot, difficult to keep in
hand. Most of them have been drawn
from th cltle of their native land and
many are criminal and unruly charac
ters. - Violent outbreaks and riot hav
been frequent among them and on mora
than one occasion very serious trouble
has bren nverted only by the Interfer
ence of their, own government They
hav formed labor organisations . and
ar striving to unit all their country
men engaged in the cane elds in on
union. - Should they succeed the sugar
industry will be en,tlrly at their mercy.
Extensive strikes have already occurred,
which hav been the cause of enormou
losses. . There ar a number of educated
and intelligent Japanese . engaged In
trade in tbe various center, and these
are reckoned among the most valued clt
Isfns of the territory. - Hundred of
Japanese, both men and women, ar em
ployed aa domeatlc servants, and in this
capacity they hav no superior. -
. In marked contrast to the Japanese
ar the Chinese. , Originally drafted Into
th fields they worked well in their
stolid faahlon; never took part In the
agitation of their fellow-laborer and
gradually left th plantation with "their
savings. , They are now engaged In
trade, or In the cultivation of taro land.
With hardly an exception they are forg
ing ahead by th exercise of commenda
ble qualltiee. Hawaii has no better
eltlsena than Ita Chlneae, and none more
prosperous. In 1001 there, were up
wards of 1,100 Chines paying taxes on
real estate assessed at Jl.Df 0.014, and
nearly 12.000 of this race rated aa own,
Ing personal property valued at 1.7.
102. . In th aama year th Caucasian
taxpayers owning real estate numbered
1,1(1. assessed at 111. 1(0.011 rand tha
Caucasian personal property taxpayers,
7,11, assessed at tM70.(it. -
The ox-llke' Chinamen Is th most
peaceable. Industrious and law-abiding
membef of th community. Ho Is aa ax
IVZ!XXI?0 f AUGUST 13. ,
i-t f.-., rt.
ceUent husband and father and I much
ought after by the Hawaiian girls. He
I very ambitious for th welfare of his
on,-and gives them every educational
advantage that th Island afford. Thar
Is no caste distinction nor any color line
In Hawaii and, therefore, no bar to th
social, commercial or political advance
ment of th young Chine-Hawaiian.
These youths ar in great demand by
business houses . and banks. Govern
ment - officiate and merchants unit In
th . statement that bono better than
these young men can be found to nil
positions requiring exceptional honesty
and Intelligence. -,- ..
- In llawai th Chinaman Is appreci
ated. - Th whites-want more of him.
They would Ilk to - get rid of the
Japaneae In th sugar plantations and
put Chinee In their place. , Several
attempt hav been mad to secure for
Hawaii exemption from th Chines ex
clusion law, but with little prospect of
success. There would bo no danger of
Injury to eltlsena of other portions of
the United States in granting this privi
lege to th Hawaiian, for th organla
law of th territory make ample pro
vision for the prevention of Chine
from going thence to th mainland.
Th woman waa taken to Santa Bar
bara and : named Marls, after tha little
vessel which accomplished her rescue.
She was placed in care of a family who
did everything possible for her. She
was bright and vivacious in disposition,
learned some Spentsh, danced and sang
for her friends and waa visited by In
diana from various- part of California
In an effort to find some one who could
understand her. But civilisation proved
too 'much for her and. ah died In three
month, on of the most remarkable
Crusoes known, a her story Is based
on actual fact and In Its detail Is much
stranger than flitlon. ,
The Interesting mound which th
writer examined , on San Nlcolaa was
formed during the past centuries by th
ancestor of thl woman and possesses
sn Intense interest on this account Th
Island near the landing waa :o or 10
feet higher than the shore and reached
through singular wind-worn passes,
wind being Aha aculfitor bars, Oaoa on
1 MM.
m.sansasTJ.
41
ttCa .
Pl"i' nss.xwwryu l4l'irw- "ry'w nxwiiM, jnmnu'ussa
I -'' " " . - ' v-'i ',' , ' r
In , the .meanwhile .Hawaiian , ask
themeves;-: What la to: be the com
position of th population of the terri
tory In the future? - IS the present pre-;
ponderanca of 'the 'Japanese-'over any
other race to b Increased, and If not,
how Is , It to be prevented T . Of course
the most .'desirable solution of tha dif
ficult y would lie-Jn the . Immigration of
Americana. . Unfortunately. In this; the
moat .pleasant -portion ' of the United
States in which. to live, there la very
little -room - for - our -own -countrymen.
They cannot work In tha fields. There
1 hardly any desirable land that they
may take up .and cultivate. . There are
ROOSEVELT'S PLAY.
How' the President's Family Enjoy
"'"' - Life at' Oyster Bay.' -r
" President Roosevelt has' settled down
In hla. country; homo on "the hill" for
th first actual rest he has enjoyed in
five year.; "It Is to continue for three
months v.- -. .....'.; i, :,
A high stone wall ha been erected
between, th Long Island ' railroad sta
tion here and Sagamore Hill, and secret
service men,, under direction of Secre
tary Loeb, hold th key to tha only gate.
All sorts of - gentlemen, erank or crank
less, great or little, find It hard to get
past. Artists and camera men for news
papers have to run for their Uvea, say
th Cincinnati Post. , - ; - ,, .
Th president's day begins early. He
may be seen on the veranda of hi home
t 1:30 o'clock almost any morning,
breathing deep the soft cool air from
th sound. After a brisk turn about
the grounds a. chapter from a library
book will engage him until the children
begin ' flocking . from their beds, eager
for breakfast - and a ' day of rollicking
fua. As a rule, -the first meal Is served
to tha. president's family together.
A game of tennis usually follows the
morning meal. While tha president en
joys th action of this gam he Is n
expert and I frequently outpointed by
hi son. . Th secret service men are
regular spectator, and It 1 their opin
ion that President Rocevelt is too
strong for the game.' He Is-wont to
ban a' the ball away out In th grass. -
Usually In. th forenoon the famlV
take to 'their horses. Thl season th
president la riding two new mounts
Audrey, . a black - mar, and- Rorwell, a
bay hunter. They wer purchased In
Virginia..' Ruaty. a bay Jumper that has
been out of service for two season be
cause of a complication of aliments, la
fit again. .
Mrs. Roosevelt Is also riding a new
mar named Molly and from Virginia.
Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt rid through
th shaded roads of the. country, some
times accompanied by Theodore Jr., who
Is delighted with his new mount Oray
Dawn, a western-eayuae of excellent
action-and-aptrlt. and th most ahowy
animal in th Roosevelt stable. -
Algonquin, the sturdy little calico pony
Which waa Archle'a boon companion for
several seasons, has now descended to
young Quentln. Archie has a new, and
larger pony named Betsy. ' .
It Is on of th principal aignta or tna
town to witness th charge Of the
Roosevelt youngsters. In miniature
rough-rider costumes, through the quiet
streets of th town on their little steed.
Quentrn rides like his father, giving hie
mount full rein- ana scattering me sana
dust as h files. ; -
Secretary Loeb arrives at Sagamore
Hill at 11 o'clock with th president'
mall and th New York morning paper.
The secretary has become an expert
horseman within two years. Ha haa a
new horse from North Carolina. Skoot,
th horse that . Captain Beth - Bullock
presented to Loeb. went daffy and was
retired after h had thrown th presi
dent's secretary twlc whll .In th
throe of insane fit. . Loeh carries th
mall In large saddle pouches.
If there ar ho visitors to luncheon
th president rattle, through his cor
respondence In less than two hours, and
la freo, for recreation.,. Hla farm runs
to th bay, th swimming beach being
about II minutes' walk from the house.
No curious eyes ar permitted to peer
upon tha chief executive when In
striped bathing .suit he plunge Into th
deep, Tha signal la a heavy, breaker,
no-openings for them as mechanics -or
artisans. A few American could And.
a comfortable livelihood in the islands
by engaging amall capital In the minor
agricultural 'industries, ' such - aa fruit
growing' and perhapa raising sisal' or
other fiber. The, man, - however, who
goes out to Hawaii must bo satisfied to
abandon all thought of wealth and accept-
as compensation a comparatively
easy-Mf-. free from strife end worry,
in a splendid climate and amidst th
most beautiful - scenery In the world.
Hawaii la an Ideal country for th pur
suit of the. simple life, but it no longer
affords opportunities for money mak
ing. : . C. H. FORBES UNDSAT.
dashed upon the opposite shore. Tha
hot July sun served to put a red tan
upon the countenance of the chief exec
utive In lees than a week.
i Cherry- pi Is tha, dainty morsel just
ow-1nfavorat Sagamoro Hill. Tha
president has it hot at noontime and
cold In tho evening.- ; -. .. ,;, .
Two hours of t he afternoon a r spent
in reading and ' writing at the broad
library table or on th veranda, r ' -'
In th rear of the house the prealdenC
is helping. his farm hands to bring In a
bumper crop of oata. The hay baa not
yet been taken in. He expects to take
in from, three to three and a half tone
of timothy, from his hlllald1 meadow.
' Mrs. Roosevelt Is busy In the after
noon with her large flower garden, and
she has called upon tbe president fre
quently to assist her in the heavy work.
' Enough garden produce la cultivated
on the plaoe to meet the requirements
of -the household for the. summer. To
the west of the hous the president ha
cut down several trees which encroached
upon the private road. 'Gipsy motha are
withering hundreds of tree in and about
the town. Only a few on the Rooeevelt
place have been attacked, however.
Tha evening meal brings the family
together again. , The prealdent frequent
ly reads or' talks to the boys In the
evening. The mosquitoes are coming In
droves this year, and folks keep Indoors
after the sun- goes ' down, well pro
tected by netting.'! '-V-- 'I
Nine o'clock at night finds Sagamore
Hill slumbering. . - t
NEGRO FADING --T0 WHITE.
FuU-BloodedV. Bora' in South,' H
f ' Bleaches in Massachusetts.
' tearl Oreea, a fan-bknded aesre, St yesr
eld. Is toning white, and according to shyst
elana the disappearance ef eertala properties
la the pUrment of tbe sktn will altlmstsly Issve
hint a white nsa, says a North Aossm (htass.)
dispatch.
- Ureea was bora ta North Carolina, aad whea
be essM te North Adanu sevea year aao, to
quota himself, he was aa "black as the are
of apaaes." Tbe lraent Becaa to fado from
(he skin ea the rlbt Ma ef the body tone
years ago, tmt this did set reach Onn'l fere
and ease aetll receatlv. Be vlelt4 a hospital
In Now Jersey to sue hla BMrthw reoaatly. aad
hie appeerane aroused the cariosity ef tb hos
pital phyatclaaa, who volunteer, as eiaalaa-
tm.
Oreea set frs he lit affects frost the hlesrhlns
proreoa, whtrh haa aiad hint the eavy ef the
colored aoselatioa- ef North Adsaas.
TEACHER STILL UNHUGGEO,
Rldgefleld. New Jersey, Folk Reoext
: Finding in Case of Schoolmarm.
-MW A lire King, the enMIe school tearhe
ef Htdfnld Pari, New Jeewy, reowlas -Srlally
enfant. The Sadist of th e"
hearing of the hoard ef edncatloa last s
repeated the verdict of tb em, Saa the K.
Torh World.
Prlsclpal Oeorr af. teen. wbnai th f
woma aeenaed et two hot la tan
was soaratd by of
But th cxoltement of the sltaatloe I I -swaaa
err. Klilsearld Pirk ha
th psMlMllty thai th h "d of
whll akIUed Is tatls -
roota, auy h sbl to e
for a eoniBillte t
eoaalder thl "' rter
hy mt three to I'rlorlrMl L.
tkat thl waa the set ea.lu-. i i
his rataaUMk H '
or tbe hoard, aad Bilrnt, wi s (
a the heat Interest of the
Vaasiageon te 1
rrora th Ellensfct; - (
' It is hard to preach t
aens wit lct I ; -
I