THE OREGON, SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND SUNDAY MORNING,, .JUNE 3, j9ZS GO im OFa are UK a ' r7?--ft-. T-: :eX.'" .-'-' s r -. . . :',!-. 72 a Qar ........... I rinmil 1 111 11 nufSU lr--ra I! Lii.','.Vf:trj? d its . 3 7 0 VAST, yet SO well Systematized, art nouncement rWlt for th Big Show." follweJ by if i i ' ' , . .. own mm and date. , ., ; mc aciailS OJ me managemcm OJ q An Important factor In th clrcu ayitem is the rail- " . t . vr . f r . . rr A MntrantAr. vhA nnnn rmiivlrir tYim rrtntH'riMn Ch (cnoral agent, arrange from the various terminal for transportation of the advertising ears and the shew-It-self. He. toe, must, arrange for sidings' at which to un load, and frequently plans circus-day excursions, from the sttrrmmdlng country, -for- which- he-must -make -guarantee to the railroad company. A . ' rr it "t -i t. And now the circus conies, to town. Bo thorougn Secretary I att : recently detailed tWO have the plane been that there Is scarcely ever a hitch. ' - ' . Th. nl . i .Hln. aM .1..... aW 1 1 1 .l.l. except man ana passenger service, in transoortatlon boss takes up the work; pnilrrtMl nnl ro i'tn. lAft n fT 1)loeS of a circus tvilh a view 'irThAntttti -- u superintends the placing of the Pullmans and ytvjct vj a (ircus. Win a new 10 aopf;jrrflaU nd to the aBd transportation to the worthy ideas for the army transportation and c!rcu?. Tun5- Already he has taken out the state and ' . J " cuy license for the performance, and has ordered sup- tommtssary services. piles. . r T ' . . i j i. During the season he must, among other things. Buy ' rerhapS the SUCCeSSful conduct Of a bit bushels of potatoes. 200.000 loaves of bread, K.OUO ! nw,? tJu l .iZT-'T"'!-. 1JTouha f off,- 150,000 quarts or mlHc,nhousand"ijpoir ., -WnOVlloaay .requires, more . DUSmeSS , ability , thousands of pounds of vegetables, -0.OU pounds of but- than almost an, other enterprise. ' Xm' It carries its treasurer cashiers, auditor, "Jr-clrcui d0,, not Ir upon tD. u - vookkeeper; doctor and detective: tt AajTi ft '-how for a11 xhn ppes thev are shipped daily, in- m .1 . ' , , , , , , ' . . , , eluding about 3000 pounds of fresh meat, generally from great circus that: . the United States Xtovernment condescends, to learn useful les ons jrom 4hebusiness '6n wheels'!iofjhese tnterpnsing captains of industry army officers to studyTthe methods employed in transporting and feeding the numerous em-hZl$ rLura u 1 & -rt72 Off jeer Spotting thz Taraet TZZle JZoa&sr' erne? - B. . t , 1 t 1 t lit.. . riuning aooui uu pounds or iresn meat generally irom VVlCner SttOp. barber Shop, blacksmith Shop,- ChlcHgo. An attempt Is always made to get frevh milk It. -1 j j. . .' on the spot, but even that Isn't necessary, for several US tailoring and dressmaking department: ttS cases of condenied milk are received daily. Hay and mm ntl. J . ' . . t. j.. . grain for the animals are bought along the route. Over rvA a refreshment car, with canteen service. ' From $$000 to $20,000 a day may be . taken in by the large circus; there are innu merable accounts to be kept, a stream of bills to be paid. Yet so thorough is the system that no cent goes astray, no want is ever un- 1Utt)lied and the Drnttrirtnrt I tine,, ,.- financial course of the grvat throbbing engine, never ra .9uppnca, ana me proprietors Know exactly - Uxlng his hand from the throttle. , ItOW inetrOUStneSt ltanat rvrrv hnur nt the Jno "gon is aivw imo two companmenis, " 1 . eitJl! neryWLUlnein the rear one the bookkeeper, bent ever a board' i.wo.m) pounds of Ice are used In a season. Mo thoroughly does the treasurer know, from dally, reports, every Item of expense outstanding that, when he reaches a town, bills are paid off with amaslng speed. ' It Is calculated that by 4 P. M. on the day of arrival every bill shall be paid and a new score started. On account of the vast amount of money handled, the . treasurer's office Is always an Interesting place In the equipment of this great business on wheels. No Pullman car for him; but right there In the big red ticket waff on. cramped In a corner back of the man who deals out the pasteboards and rakes In the coin, he directs the fHINK for a moment of the enormous extent of the i I average large circus enterprise. One of those J, now on the road has 12S0 people on Its payroll. . In all, there are twenty-seven tents covering M area of twelve sere with their apparently num berless accessories and equipments; eight v-flve cars are r?, to transport the outfit. Twenty-six of these re Pullman sleepers the S75 performers must rest as their journey from place to place. There are (li horses to be cared for. . Keeping Irsck of the money receipts andtxpendUures aone Is a gigantic laak. A typical day s Income from two performances may be divided as follows: Thirty thnasand general admlNslons. at 80 and 25 cents. $13,125: reserved seats and boxes, taW; refreshments, 1H); fans, f'v?1"'''''. tc' eldKhow sdmisslons, $1200; total., fchortly after the last performance Is over these fl tires are classliled and presented In the form of a com prehensive statement to the proprietors, together with a ! T numerous Dins paid during the nay and by- tlireyfeet.-, for a deakts poring over. Ms ledger, ready t to answer any question relative to a bill or contract. -Here, too, the pay envelopes are made out weekly, Just as In any large city office, arid the treasurer or his as sistant, backed by a man with two revolver In his belt, iwsocs them around. On Very warm summer days the treasurer and book-' keeper forsake the stuffy quarter In the ticket wsgon for the oltlcu tent, which Is pitched a few feet away. , Here the press agent has- Ula 4ablr and-here. after each . porfwmance the tickets are counted and the. figure checked off with the treasurer's count of cash. In th? modern c.irctis system reports are mad dally by every one working in an executive capacity. Past .are the days when anything, .even the giving Of a pans, -could be done haphazard. Passe now are given only for ' actual value received, and to know positively that It baa been received, the treasurer exacts minute reports. For example, take the "window paper," a small Item of the $100,000 worth of advertising literature distributed by a circus In a season. When a merchant permits poster to be placed In his store window, he is given whnt he, as a rule, believes to be a pass. Possessing this, he sometimes tears down the poster when the ad- . vertlslng car has left town. Nut he reckon without . mitel voune man whrt rtvnni QfOME time during the coming summer Rear Admiral Evans will, command the most powerful fleet of fighting vessels ever assembled under the American Ifiagt JTwelve battleships fivejof them new, six armorea xrutsert ana sea warriors oj omer types will compose this mighty modern squad row. - . : - -,-.--,.--"'::L'::..."r ZZl-JPhen it is remembered that back of the guns of this fleet will stand the crack naval r. shots of the world, gunners whose wonderful ' ' absi sm.lm u asb.J. im M m ii.riisssJ ses . L a I A M sat A AO ' nak sasasaai ka . MMfsasSyW1 m WJt MttrMlMaJ ae i4 wKsk thal. mu,Kmmnmy ,M wyneu ymvwvm iey. ""7 " V . orfir. with th. areat run. had also areatly Increased alLoverihe globet mayjfejundmtgodjvhy AiriMrtpoh-firt hi the nation i are anxious to avoid Uncle Sam n admiral DaweVa marksmen nut the BDaniahwar''ould withstand such a terrlflo. bompardmeot of heavy. in Conflict. ' . ! . Admiral Farragut once-said that "the best defense for your own ships is to keep a steady stream of rapidwell-direcled fire upon the. enemy." Should the United States Navy again be called to active service,, reliance will be more upon the men behind the guns than . upon heavy armor. Not long ago the battleship , squadron returned from its annual spring gunnery prac-. tice off Guantanamo, Cuba. Records made then were forwarded to the Navy Depart- - men t, and were extremely gratifying to all concerned. They show that the American gun- ner can outshoot the world. ; Bay Admiral Dewey's marksmen put the Spanish ward ¬ ships out of commission. Gunnery won the running fight .'off Santiago; the Don' ship were wpt by such ter rlflo and accurate hail of missiles that his men could not etand at their poet. : When China, became engaged in her war with Japan she offered tfiOO a month to expert gunner for her 'navy, . It was then too late. Gunner must be trained long and carefully, and those capable of responding on equal or better term to the show of th Japs were UeU up 4ri their own navies. '..... Not only 1 the honor of superiority In gunnery highly priced by the ship crew holding the record, but ex- . pertnes bring a considerable nnanclal reward. Oun pointers who make records receive from $3 to $10 a month In addition to their regular pay. Almost any man In the navy who 1 abla to shoot at all well win something, so anxious are the authorities to encourage marKhmansnip. congress appropriates about $4J0,U00 to be awarded each year In oasn prises, ana this money Is distributed as generally as possible to loi ter friendly rivalry. Naval "heavy. armament I divided Into three clases the toraedo run lha iiri la tha viup Itself: two boat vy. wntcn inciuae me s-incn ana iiir suns, in- guae at a aistance or about suu feet anart. termodiate,'.'-those from 4-lnch to- ?-rnch, lnciustvernnd- Irfe to hit th water midway between the ' r. .L..L -.,f -- J a. soon a they go aboard ship th enlisted me It ts only through careful and persistent lng tenons m handling such guns . . a. 0 !. - I l. el. m. aa aa a s aa k lawar training, however, that the crew oj a 13-tnch u.,ch gTn"'cn"K loaded In'a'nred in gun can score 93 Per cent, of hits, as has been done from the Alabama, or that every one of ten shots from a 6-pounder, fired in 33 sec onds, can be made to count, as the record of the Jllinois shows. Such results have been made possible ''through '-the ' gun practice sys tem now in vogue. ( All Ihn. hiiiliu H-ta tl. ... j . ' , ..'."f a man to turn his chair around freely space for , ji,t of window posters, goes about the street checking How much money have vou mrla tnat" .v.. tnem up. i s climax come when th merchant pre- WietoV -Zt a St " ttu. waS nsKd recemfy P rth1lm" f ' tbe .b.l fn tntranoa with hi paper - "Kxactly $41W).5." he replied. wenl,'r' --- - - Which Is only a provisional order for a ticket. it was then but little after midnight, and the circus .N,l' Is1' " " h gate. ' . .k.,.. a,,u circus A man at a table hark nf him mm a limAnnr N'CLE 8AM I a great believer In rchooL H never permit hi naval boy to feel that they have tnntw laarnlne: that there la not another helrht Of attainment Just beyond to be climbed. Every 'wcandirv.'1 meanlna all anna under 4-Inch. Almost aa soon as tney go aooara snip tne emisiea men oegin achievement when a seconds, am has tuMtn dnna on tha Alabama. Klv years before that record waa mad th ofllcial time allowance wn t minutes.' . . " This simply mean that the largost gun have become rapid flrers. There sceni to be little use longer for the secondary battery, and It may be eliminated from bat tleship of the future. In fact, plan to equip fighting vessels with large batteries of 10-inch and 12-inch guns, cutting out the Intermediate lies, have already met -favorable consideration. - -w. r- Contlnuuu gun firing the basis of present-day In -fttructlon In naval marksmanship. This 1 th art of keeping a weapon trained on th target under all con dltlons. i It is only at certain times that shells are fired at tar gets. Were this done at every practice of a gun crew the expense would run to prohibitive figures. During tha hits. The ahip. cleared for action and with ovary) man at hi station, steam past tha target at a speed of ten or twelve knot an hour and fir upon them at a distance of Z000 yard or more. ; pne such target shows even holes mad in eight hot from a 13-lnch gun. - During- th winter of 1902-03, soon after th presont system was adopted, th battle ship squadron, practicing In th Oulf of Mexico- at tar- : get of not more than 400 square feet, mad a remarkable record. " (-;- - - Tha smallest percentage of lS-mch guns was 40 per cent of hits, th largost 75 per cent. Th t-lnch gun averaged $3 per cent, of hits,, and th t-lnch (4 per cent. Six-pounders of on ship mad over 62 per cent. Later, a turret crew of th Alabama made fifteen hits . In sixteen shot, an average of over W per cent Rapidity, mlSSllC. ! : Remembering that these targets are much smaller than a fighting vessel, th effectiveness of such good aim can be appreciated. In war many of th shots that do not count in practice would strike home. Instruction In gunnery are not confined to the large 4 vessels and to th men handling th big gun alone. Cruisers, gunboats knd torpedo craft also engage In tar get practice. . ' - In practice such a i that at Guantanamo there are usually tlx torpedo boats, the flotilla of th recent man oeuvre consisting of th Lawrence, the winning boat, th Hopklrs, the McDonough, th Truxtun, th Worden and tha Stewart. - ' ; Thro kinds of guns ar employed the torpedo gun, th three-Inch and th six-pounder. The target for the three-Inch and six-pounder con sist of a sheet of canvaa on a raft towed by a tug. For taeir; two and th gunnefl Hem. .. tell so accurately?' ' "Beeauae " was the reply. "I have received my re porta ff the lay business from my ticket seller pra nut and candy sellers, fan and programme dispensers and lemonade stands; my auditor and bookkeeper have ehecked them up and deducted the running expenses calculated on the average day's disbursements for food salaries, advertising, license and the other outlays, and tha net-profit ha been reported to me, aa 1 don every Uy we ehow.'- . The general agent, who goes ahead to survey the mute for a tour that has already been planned. Is the advance agent of a show s prosperity. fh(, wor, don. he must hurry back to axamme every Item sent In by the eontractlog aaenta. Few men In any business han dle aa much work thl general agent while he Is hastening from place to place. .-. - But he must be quiet about It. or otherwise the field he ha worked so carefully .may receive a hurry-up visit from the "free lane car" of an opposition circus, which ' yrlU "underbill" hi poster with some such glaring an- port tell him that "t" waa torn down. There are tiro- tests, sometimes offer to fight, but out th merchant goes on to the greensward, where he has space and tlm to think over how and why It happened. The special men who are on the: ground on show day make report on every phase ef the work, from that of the cook wagon to the task of doctoring consumptive Hindoos. . Th barber ha set tip hop near the horse tent! th blacksmith's forge Is working merrily. Th clrcua doc tor, paid by th week. Is making hi rounds. The circu detective ie on the alert. . A canteen service, similar to that in the United Mate Army, I maintained by th big clrcu. for It Is calculated that a certain amount of liquor given to each man dally conduces to -better results than tf men found . It necessary to make skirmish to nearby saloons. The refreshments are kept on a Pullman car, which I con stantly guarded. , ,A .While en route and during th performance repair to costume of actor and snlmals ar required, and so a number of, seamstresses are kept constantly busy." prlng, therefore, he give ohTcera aHoTeHIIMea men uk a thorough examination In practical work. In th fall there Is another axamlnaUon. but It I io test ships. Advancement mad by th personnel of th service is considered In th. prlng trials. t era -during th prii the spring practice off Ouantanamo shenls are used, but in most or tne practice auring tne remainaer or tne year r"''"""g ; MARKER .JOATS HIT ; ' On more than one occasfem a marker boat has fcm . hit. and th observers, standing there with their field glasses, have been obliged to take to life preservers. Lxceptlng for th abseno of a warhead, the torpedo employed In practico. la th samo a that which deals death In battle, In th case of th other gun th ahall ar tha same a r used In action. i Imagine th deck cleared for action, th man stand ing at th gun, th commanding ortlcer on deck with hi glass, a man with a mega phono at hi aide, the whit -target bobbing up and down over toward th hortson. Each boat 1 given a time allowance of forty-five minutes, and the teat I to fir th greatest number of , shots and make th greatest number of hit In that time. Both the boat and the target ar under way, which necessitates a constant changing of sights and keeps tha gunner on the alert. While to the gunner I given most of the credit for hi task -of aiming th gun at the target and success. pulling th f lading "d ""cn oepenasuiwp every marucyen aqUi jogaer .an, trigger 1 by no means sufficient In Itself, nds upon every, man- even lQlha loader Oun practice month by no man mark th limits of tha school term. That term extend from enlistment In the service to re tirement, but the annual examinations show th stand ing of th pupil and indirat the efficacy of the system. More than anything else Uncle Bam la anxious thst his sailor boy shall develop Into expert marksmen with both big and llttlo guns. Almost any body of men would look wtll In nlc nw uniform, standing upon well-pol-Ixhed deck, but now and then a navy Is called upon to fight. In such a contingency It la th expert gunner whose work tells. American sailor have every reason to b proud of th record mad by th navy In war. Th. bloody deck ef the Ouerrlere, th Macedonia, th Java, th Peacock and other of th enemy's craft attested to the gunnery of united States seamen In the War of 1AH. by th same token, credit reflects upon th crew of th British frigate Shannon, .which overwhelmed th Chesapeake In Boston Bay. 'Captain Brook, of the Shan non, was on of th few English commander who com pelled gun practice. Against their xperienco and ax- "DUNMY FIRING. Expertness In "dummy" firing, however, enable a gunner to make many hits in actual work. - "Continuous- - aim" practice Is helped along by a "dotter," a mechanl- cal device which causes a small target to move across r Tape oT th ggnwitn a combined -vatttcat and hor - Isontal motion, - '' The pointer must make tha gun follow th target. When the sights rest on the bull's eye he presses a but ton. This causes a pencil to dot the target and constitute-- "shot." In th Morris tub system, also employed In the navy, a small shooting gallery rifle I fitted on the big gun, and It dc the work of the pencil. Such exercise ar for training In gun pointing when , no actual shots ar fired. In addition, th men ar given practice with the loading machinea, aa, next to accuracy of almr-nukkness of firing I essential in battta In sea practice, when shells ar fired, two kind of target sr used, or, rather, similar target ar used In two ways, ' In on cas the target is stationary, anchored about ItOOO yard away, and th gunner aim at it whil th ship I moving. In th other cas ship and target ar moving In opposlt pireotlona, the target being towed by another .ship. Theaa target sr usually tquara piece of sailcloth htmg upright upon raft. A black bull' eye In th centre and squar bordered by black 11 nee-mark tha value of hells.' His y to tha telescope, th gunner watchea the tar get, swerving the gun to right or left, up or down, as occasion necessitates. On the glass are two line Inter4 ectlng at right angle In th centre, and It I the gun. ner's object to 'keep that Intersection on th target. .When he think he ha It there he fire. ... Glass to eye,' the commanding officer Observes wher the shell strike, whether on th target or th water. He make rapid deduction. , - Perhaps a rising wind has deflected th shell, or a change of distance between the bost and target may have affected tha shot. Quickly determining the cause if th shell hss missed, the officer decides whether tha sights should be lowered or raised for the next shot. He communicate his decision to th sailor Immediately; behind him, who In turn promptly repeats It through hi megaphone to th gun crew. The eight-setter, standing to th right of th gunner, take th order and adjusts the sight. If th order ha been correct. If th sight-setter has accomplished hi work properly. If th loader has not bungled, th gunner hauld, with the next shot, hit the target In th recent practice at Ouantanamo, Plrst-clnaa Gunner's Mat C. It, Olsan. who proved the best mark- man of th crew of th Lawrence, th winning boat, mad eleven hits out ef twenty-one shot in 45 second. Th average for th crew was from eight to nine hits per mlnuU, a vry high record with a six-pound gun. I Al ' -y 7