4 IPir'jl'i :
. I : I I deofZn&ints
7- . I " ' . ; - BesiWomirt
J f v 1-', ,y h - ' " V- The Countess vpencer
, Gmallis Wcsi?,
fi 'f ORE than one member of the new
f yi British Parliament must acknowU
edge, in truth, that much of jhe
tredit for his success at the polls is due to the
tnergetic campaigning" of women adherents.
In no country in the world do prominent
women women of proud titles and arts to
cratie position- -take such a pronounced part
tn political campaigns, so energetically en
gage in the active work of vote getting, as in
: England. I. i; .11 ,
Since the days of George IH,J when ; the
beautiful Duchess ' of Devonshire won hun
Vlreds. of labor votes for Charles James Fox
by kissing a butcher, English women have
maintained a decided interest in public a fairs
and have exerted their utmost influence in be-
half of favpred candidates; but this winter's
campaign has witnessed greater exertions on y
their part than ever before. -
.9 J M
tal divisions in motor Cars; have addressed
,;.,. r,f' 1J.J ..,;L .,t.
, meetings, sought out and pleaded with voters ,
in shop, factory and COUntinr room; have di
rectedWranized movements raised tampai,.
fundr and In other ways made themselves not
only -interesting but -exceedingly-important
and influential factors in the contest " "
1 - '- ... -
Stated a press dispatch dur-
XL.BATURDAT.'
lng the height of tbe tteated conflict, "It rained
'cats and dogs In Manchester, but Mrs. Corn-
wa Ilia-West r.ever faltered In her activity. . "
"Bhe was ber, there and everywhere, speaking, per-
tniadlng and. carrying voters to the polls in her auto.
When it was all over, ber son. Winston Churchill, had
carried ths dsy with a majority of 1241 votes."
This is a upeclmcs ot the work dons all over England -
by e(i IhiieMsllfyeofrie'Tl. 1 "" " ' " ' - '"'
There was na novelty In it to Mrs. CornwaJllsAVestv '.
Toars ago, as luly Randolph Churchill, she labored con
vtautUv and rffec-ttvely by her husband's side In nearly all
Jtla enlivening political battle. -- :
In all tha tintrets tn which her son has been engaged
this rmsrkable woman has come vallaetly to the front
With the nclitlng blood of the Jeromes aroused for- she .
Is of the Kw Tork family of that name, and Is imbued
with th snm bustllna vlant that has mads Dlatriet At. '
tiimey William T. Jerome such aa interesting personality .
In New fork politics. i . -
Thla winter's ronfet in Enrlnd brought to tha front
vvewl 01 her vA mertoa ' women, and they are socrediled '
WHli hrnng meule a d4dllx. -marked Impression. . , ,
- i)i-f thee. Mrs. Alm"rk Paaet, daur.hiPr of the? tale
St llllsm C. hltnev. of New Tork, pmbabty fnherltnl her
Mil.-el sasseity tuid anterprlse from ber distinguished
,4 s'lfeeeful fettier. - i-'
. X. a ber busbanit ftaAounctd bjg aptraUoa U rafie
TriStKri. ...... !
Mr? Herbert Gkdsbone.
ftusbjad is i tk '
r Giinef:r
llamentary honors, not only did Mrs. Paget constitute
herself bis political press agent and general boomer, but
she promptly entered the ranks of female spellbinders. .
, From carriage and rnoter car; on the streets, tn pub
llo halls and In the drawing rooms of her friends, she
vigorously pushed her husband's canvass. Those who
have heard ber speak say she has developed Quite a note-'
worthy ejoqusnoe. . " , " . " . ' .
Another1 who surprised her friends by her political
energy and enthusiasm is Mrs. Frederick Quest, formerly
M1s Amr Phlpps, of New York. : I. . k . .
la aiU fhft w Mm nii.al inAianA ltv till.
band to stand for a seat from Westminster district. She
' onc began canvassing the voters, coddling their chll-
areB Mi maklns frU(tI(ta wlth their wives.
" On day she surprised herself as well as ber" assort-
! Mttl th vMn
After that. She was In tha thick of tho fray, and em-
ployed several automobiles in her canvass.. Bha introduced - -
aome American methods In the work of winning votes, :
jajld. it lj sajd, jmsde a number of coivertstYJer.cu&
- Roar knnavn r 1 1 tna fsvAman runltl loul lev nrk era ervf
Oreat Britain la beautiful Lady Warwick, "the Boclallat
Countesa." ,
Heart and soul, aba threw herself Into the contest In
ne-nslf ef the labor caiuee, but especlallv to aid "Will"
Thome, the dock laborers' candidate, of East Harn. -
? A COUNTESS MAKING LABOR SPEECHES
At her palatial London home a few months ago. Lady ,
Warwick gathered the labor leaders of England for a con
ference and entertained there at dinner. When the Par
- llamentary oa m paiai. opened, she began active, work-to:
behalt of ber Inbor frienda.
Only a week or so agu, the London papers told of a
meeting addressed by tbe Countess. Attired In a dainty -Parisian
costume, rlie braved a bleak wind, while, from
a tradesman's wagon, she urged the laboring men to work ' .
and vote for an independent labor party In the House tf
Commons ... ., s
- -Yoe workers." she told them. "r the empire. Re- '
memtier ynur responslblUty and sow tht seeds of freedom
for your children."
During the campaign It was no uncommon thing to see
the Countess, in her giant automobile, dashing from place
to place at the dinner hour, addressing first a gathering of
dock laberere and shortly afterward an assemblage of .
facttry workers. .
. Day afu-r da v. men went without -their dinners to lis-""
ten to the bee u I Ifnl and eloquent sristorrst who had made,-
their cause her own. At night she -spoke in halls thai
Were crowded te the doors. . . -
The Ubsrals, bavlac rtcanUf rttumed U newer,' aXtag
TonfToJoUra IB tht minority aewrt "oppoalUoni1
nil battling lor maintenance of their ne-wly aeuulred
upremacy, brought out- the greater number of women
workers.' ;'",:'(: "
. Chief among them, and next, perhaps to Mr. Corn-
wallta-TVeat n publlo Intereit, were Mr. Aaqulth and her
later. Lady Rlbbleadaie, a noted beauty; the Counteat
Spencer, I Ady Batteraea. and Mrs. Herbert Oladatone.
Any on of theae enterprising and publlc-aplrlted worn- ,
en can wake a capital political speech when necessary,
although they are not heard as frequently as Mrs. Corn-walUs-West
and Jdy .Warwick. ; ; . ';
, Women with Conservative sympathies, have not been "
Idle. A great Meal of active work haa been done by MUs
Dalfour, sister of the former Conservative Prime K1nl-
ter: the Countess Orosvenor, wife of Qoorge wyndham,
who was Chief Secretary for Ireland In the Balfour Cabl
nett the Marchioness of Londonderry and jAdy Doreen
Ing, wife of the former President of tht Local Govern
ment Board.vi' ':.-f ) 'li
Most of the leading women workers for the Conserva
tive cause were dleappolntedJythe return. ;
.-, MISS BALFOUR'S BRAVE BATTLE . ;
Particularly deep was the steel of defeat plunged Into
the soul of Miss Balfour. Her brother, th former
Premier, sought re-election at the hands of his Man
chester constituency, but was badly defeated,-althoujhr
Manchester has aiwaya been a Conservative stronghold.
7 f Early and late, Miss Balfour labored In her brother's,
behalf. She conducted bis press bureau; njade personal
vialta to -votafs' orcunlscd clubs and . carried on,, a
markably vigorous campaign, only to meet defeat and die. .
appointment a the end. ' 7 'r .''.
- still told of In English political circles Is the campaign
In which ths Duchess of Devonshire kissed Ihe butcher '
It was in 1783, and the brilliant Fox, champion of the :
Americans In their struggle for independence, was seek
lnc re-election in the borough of Westminster.
His onnonent was Bir Thanes iay, wim, snotwy
fors ths polling began, was clearly a hundred votes ahead
of Fox.
Into the contest plunged two great ladies of London,
both young, beautiful and accomplished. Lady Salisbury
worked in behalf of ths Tory candidate, while ths Duchess
of Devonshire espoused ths cause of Fox. -
This contest became the talk of London. Even ths
candidates were forgotten In the rivalry of the two beau
ties. Wsgers upon ons or the other became the sporting
mania of ths day. . ".. I ". '.'"'"
Finally, upon tho very verge of tht election, appeared
tht butcher, who swore hs would not support Fox unless
tht Duchess kissed him. This she promptly did. News of
ths affair spread rapidly throughout tht dletrtot, and
scores of working men flocked to Fox, who was trium
phantly elected. - :''.,.- ... ' '' ' ' ' 1 '
Tht present Duchess of Devonshire, while deeply In
terested In the Conservative fortunes, devotes her atten
tion mors to statecraft than to active politics. Her en
tertainments art, attended by royalty, by Cabinet Min
isters and by . tht. leading men of tht kingdom.
BEEN AT IT SINCE 1WJ
' " Conception of women's power In thr-fleld of politics -can
probably be traced to tht achievements of tht Ladles
Land League, organised by Michael Davltt In ISO. as an
auxiliary to ths Irish Lsnd League. -
When, later that year, tht parent organisation was
suppressed, the women promptly took over Its entire
work. In tight months 1350. 0O passed through their bsnds,
and, until Charles Parnell's release from Jail, these
women were directing what amounted, practically, to an
insurrection against England. .. ; : ,
Having the success of that organization In mind, no
doubt. English Conservative leaders, several years later,
formed the Primrose League, which became an Immediate
success, being Joined by over a million men and women.
In IK the Women's Liberal Federation was formed
by Mrs. Gladstone as a rival to the Primrose League, and
this organisation developed some notabls orators among
the fair politicians of Great Britain. ; .
A well-known autlwrity asserts that thesf organisa
tion opened tht door to tht plea for woman's suffrage
in England. v , ' '
-' She advances tht argument that, as tht great political
perye of that country have accepted tht organised and (
individual -aid of women in elections, they cannot longer
deny tho admission of women as members tf Parliament. . ;
150,000 GIRLS' MARRIED AT 5 YEARS
W
HEN tht latest census was taken In India H ,
was found that Over a Quarter of a million
glrls.-of- years ld and.Jindetv.wert mairled. '
,ono.oo married girls were found, and tho number-of
wertdd - miidens between 10 and U years was nearly
7,ooo.'x.
"KarrUtM"of CMinfeftl M commtm In lrtdlA. IS hoTOjig
- but a contract entered Into for them by their parents or '
guardians. Its most pathetic feature la the number of
young widows left In that land of Inexorable customs.
'-' Mvist of the widows of such tendor years become so
--.before they know what widowhood means - It Is only as
they ' grow out of Infancy that they learn the sad
life to which they are condemned.
Though the English law In India would recognise the
lecallty of a- remarrtase of theae . youthful widows.
Indian custom forbids It, snd Its occurrence Is rare. There
were In India in 1!W1 nearly 42.on widows under It years
of age, of whom nearly 30,000 were leas than 6 years om.
v HELD COURT IN A TRAIN y
SIR HORATIO LLOYD, judge of the county courts,
Chester, England, onoe held court while traveling ,
on a raflroad train. -. '; -. ; :'-'.,'. ' ' '.
He had been hearing an unimportant case In a
Welsh town; the evidence was. all In. and tho lawyers
were preparing to begin argument.-when Sir Horatio re
marked that he wished , to catch the next , train fof
Cheater. . .
Accordingly counsel for both sides went to the 'train
With the Judge. They secured a compartment to them
selves, thf ludge settled bark Judiciously and arguments
began. '". - v.
Cme lawyer bd the Interval between- two stations al
lotted to him. white the other talked aa the train aped
het9ii the noxt two stations. Just before Chester ass ,
mooed the Judge tendered bl decision, , ' .
'Llfc-.,:.. .. - , : . . . L J Bat
5
ARdNESS BERTHA VON SUTT-
NER, whot through the authorship
of her novel, --Lay - Down Your-
' r.Li r r: -
Mms,4astyearob4lPtacfrize
$40,000. is not a slranrer to Americans
In the latter part of 1904 she attended,
as a delegate front Austria, the Internajignal
Peace Conference at Boston, and during her
stay in this country visited' a numb erof other
cities. . '.. '';. .' i ... -. - j .''--
ASSINfl strange It seems that tht man who per
fected nltro-glycerfnt and Invented dynamite should
- have left his vsst fortune to reward persons prov
111 of sreatest benefit to mankind. '
Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Bwede who accumulated
enormous wealth through tht manufacture of explosives,
willed tbat each year; Ave prises, of 140,000 each, should
warded tothoss who "in-th course oMhe preoedlng
year shall have rendered greatest service to humanity."
These prises are awarded to the persons making tht
most Important discovery In physical science, in chemistry,
in physiology or medicine;" to tht author, producing tht
moet notable literary work, In the sense of Idealism, and to
ths person having dont most or best In promoting ths
' brotherhood of nations, for tho suppression or reduction
of standing armies, as well ag for the propagation of
peact and tho formation of peace conferences. -
It wn the last-named prise the "Peact Prise,"" as It
Is called that Baroneas von Buttner won through tht
authorship of her book. f . . --
. Now In her sixty-third year, tht lift of this talented
woman has been full of romance and strange paradoxes.
Though, In ber younger Ufa, aha was rlob, courted and.
altogether,- one of the. most brilliant members of tbt
Austrian court circle, she gays up all for love and en
dured hardship with ber husband for years, until, the turn
of fortune's wheel again brought ber to wealth and favor.
An Intimate friend of one of Europe's greatest mon
srcha, shs has written strongly against monarchical Insti
tutions. An aristocrat by birth and breeding, she is a
warm advocate of democracy. ; " , ,
atmosphere of military supremacy, rht pas' come to be
known as "tht Peace Angel of Europe."
. Tht father of tht Baroneas was Field Marshal Graf
Klnsky, a member of the proud old aristocracy ot Austria.
. A FRIEND OF EMPEROR VILLIAM w
'When she was old enough to be presented at tht
Vienna court, ht at ones took foremost -place In those
high circles. It was while a member of tht court tbat she ;
met and fascinated by her charms of manner and In
tellect Emperor William of Germany. Tht warm friend
ship between the two, which began then, has always con
tinued. ;.'-'"''.'.'.'-.'..'' -.i ,.
' Tht Jovt romance of her lift began In 1S7S, when she
met and married young Arthur Gundakkar, Frelherr von
Buttner. He waa seven years her Junior, and tht match '
was violently opposed by her relatives, but without avalL
. Continued happiness wss tht tot ot tht couple, al
though they roamed In poverty from province to province.
tht woman having been disinherited. ,
.'. .Wherever bt could And employment, tht - husband
worked as an engineer, while the high-born wife acted
tVJT w ....... .
. During these years both began literary work, wtnntn
u...u.,nu,. iuj man m iivcunooa. in course of time, the
Baroness regained the enjoyment of her family fortune.
-,h0 "tywed to court a changed woman, with radical
In - the Beginning- of -Things
UK 1 oMvst
Spain. It
iigutaouss in existence la nt Conma
wss erected In the reign of TraJan. and
was rebuilt In lfB4.
Tbe drum was the first musical Instrument used by
mankind. , . :-..! ' s
- Although the name of the first ropemaker and that
of the land In which he practiced his" art have both been
lost tf history, Egyptian sculturoa prove that the art was -practiced
at least 30UO years before the time of Christ.
-"What was probably one of the earlltst theatres built'
was the Tlieatre of Dionyaos, which was begun five oen
turUs befoae Christ. The seating-capacity of this re-,
markabla bfpMdlng Is said to have been 30.000, The Theatre
of TMonysos was erected when Greek art and literature -were
In their prime. Here were presented to appreciative
spectator the wonderful works of Aeschylus, Sophocles
and Euripides. ' . (
Locomotives seventy-five years sgo hsd no 'whistles.
The engineer kept by his side a tin horn, which he blew
hofore curves and dsngerons crossings. But the nolae wae
feeble. In 1833 an English farmer's rart was run down
am tYi V tn market mnA Ml va inn auiMa k...
two horses and a man were liunped In one great omelet
an tne rails, jn railway nad to pa;
led to the Invention of the stcsra wli
to pay the damages.
This
iiistie. ,
; The distinction" of being the oldest living thing on
dmilitedlv belonea to on of the a-lant trees. mnA men -
lempts to locate It and determine Its age bava beta snade. .
i 'An ardent advocate of world peace oni
' of arbitration as a means of settlinr interna
tional disputes. Baroness von Suttner has hug
- i . , . . ..r .
vigor, tn the armed camps of Europe.
. )j Her book created a profow.d impression
and is said to have been largely instrumental
tin arousing' the Czar of Russia to call the
'Hague Peace Conference. v . V
convictions and tht -courage to speak and writs them. "
Under web circumstances ter popularity la court Circles '
waa brief. - - ,-. Xi,..'-,J -'
'.When In this county, 'Americana saw 'a woman o!
medium height, with a strong, sweet fact, framed in ring
lets of black hair, turning gray. . Tht expresalveneas ot
ber large brown eyes and an engaging smile gave htr an
attractiveness tlutjrsnerallycommonted upon.
"Lay Down Tour Arms"a fret franslatfun of the
title of Baroness von Buttner book tells the story of tht
marriage of a general's daughter to an Austrian officer. '
THE TRIUMPH OF PEACE ; ';.
As a young mother, tlit heroine la plunged Into tht
agonies of war. With tht golden thread of love .through--out
the story arc woven .the contradictory philosophic!
of war and peact, tht arguments for peact finally tri
umphing. ...
i Into nearly every language thlt book has been trans
lated, and, It Is sa,id. may be found In tht library of every
European ruler. - , ,
.. Hera art soma of tht sentiments found In tha volume
which found much favor with the Csar of Russia. '
' " "He who rules Is bound to avoid war, as tht captain
of a ship Is bound to avoid shipwreck.
, Wt cannot build up . In a hundred years what these
. warmakert bava torn down In a day." . .. .
. . Ont does not nsa charcoal to paint a thing white, not
. war to make peace. 1
"Of what use to summons wannakers before the Jutlg- -
ment seat of history? History, as hitherto written, give ;
" Judgment to the victor." " ., r .. ...... ... -, .
."The general aiwaya had a few favorite arguments
" for war which were unconquerable. As the ruins of one
fell around him, hs would retreat to the intrenebmentt
of another. The military mind reasons in a circle." .
' These arguments of the general were:
'.;. Wis are tbtocrae of Ood.
Thy bare alwaye asisua, aad. therefore, will always
,, exist. . .).--
Without tnam the population would became toe dense. '
- . Perpetual ptwt would ntrrats the race; isroorallsattoa
., would )nm . '
war best develops self sacrifice, heroism and character.
i Mankind will always dlftsri to expect perpetual peace Is
- aa absardltr. , . Vi -
'8uch ' unreasoning conviction," continues tht book,
' "Is like tbt fable of tha Hydra. Scarce hava we cut oft ,
rone head and turned 'to the second, before tht nut Is '
grown again and as actlvt aa ever." -
- "The vita) question, What every battle costs In sacri
fice of blood and ttarsT was never for a moment eonsid- .
tred." . ; . ' ".'
. . "Talse history Is responsible for tht training' of youth
to the Idea of glory of war, ; , , 3 ; ,
. "Possibly," concludes the Baronesa. "the prince Is now - -
alive who will figure In all future hlrtory-asMhe moss--
.
brought about the general laying down of arms.
."Even now ths Insane Idea la dying lit that the de
struction of one civilised man Is the security ot another." -
auTj-ij-ij-Lftj ij uii"iju u ijun i y r iri 1 r T "" .
A century ago Dt Candotit found two yeas one at For-.
tliiBSl, In fvrtnsnire, anu ons m neasor. in bucks, Eng
landthat were estimated to ber rrrpcctlvely, and
XM years old. - Both' are still flourishing, and the older
tree has a trunk 27 feet In circumference. A gigantic bao-,:
bab of Central America, with a trunk 2 feet through, waa
thought by Humboldt to be not less than SIM years old.
Mexican botanists believe they have now discovered a
life -span even greater than this, and from- ths annual
rings a cypress of Chepultepeo, whose trunk Is lis feet
In circumference, is assigned an age of about 3b0 years 4
Tea waa cultivated In China 1700 years before the
IsllsTf tra;.; -:'.'.;-" . ""7 ,' n"J " ----
-.. . - .. . .- i " .: -
.. . it la thought that the game of whlat was first played .
In the time of King Henry VIH of England.
There has been discovered at Greenock England,' a n
otd-fantiloned umbrella with whalobone ribs, which mint
he quite 1JO years old. When opened It affords shelter fur
.a whole family., ' . ' ,K , . , (- ..
' The oldest university In ths world Is at Peking. It Is
called the "Mchool for the Bona of the Empire." Its an- '
tlctulty Is very great, nnd a grand register, consisting of
stone columns, in number, containa tne names of to.ooo '
graduates, . ...- .,;,,'
Tht oldest architectural ruins ' In the wnrld'ars he-
lleveit to he the rook-cut t-mplee, at Insambool, en th-i left
bank of the Nile. In Ntabta. Tbe Isrseat of theae annlent
temples contains fourteen apartments, hewn out of aullil '
atone. jb0 ruins are supposed to be ow ytars old.
9-