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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 5, 1905)
:- -r .. - -"I :iiri i' . ... , .. -TIIEOREGON-DAILY JOURNAL." PORTLAND, TUESDAY .VBVINO." DECEMBER: 5, lPOff. Cf?7 A ir.alilMit stooaeiwlt-s annual, n il.. .. .... mail this afternoon. It ' la a comprehensive dooutnent, of bout J6.00 words, treating many suu ' Jects. and Wins with discussion of rntl : wejr rate legislation.' Following -la a i verr coinpleia sumnjarj of the entire To tha Senate and Houaa of Rspresen ; tat Ives The people of thla country con tinue to enjoy great prosperity. Vr , douh-Usdlr thera will ba ebb and flow In T-o..ritv7ajid thla abb and flow ', will ba felt mora or leas by all member I of tha community, both by the deserving i and the undeeervlng. Against tha wrath of the Lord tha wisdom 01 man can n 1 avail: In times of ricxxi or orouin um 1 Ingenuity sen but partially repair tha disaster. - ' A general failure of crops 1 would hurt all of ua Again. If tha folly ! of man mars tha general well being, tnen those who ara innocent of tha folly will ... tn niiT nart of the penalty In curred by those who ara gullty-ot-tho . '"la'panto brought on by tha speculative folly of part or tna ousinesa romoiui J would hurt, tha whole bualnesa commu ' itv Rut such atoDDasa of welfare. I though U might ba severe, would not ba lasUng. In tha long run ma on iuj ) faotor In the permanent prosperity of 1 tha country Is tha high indiviauat cnar ! aoter of tha average American worker. ; tha average American cltlsen, no matter 1 whether bis work ba mentu or manuaj, whether ha ba farmer or wageworaer, hiialnssa man or Drofeaatonal man. '. la our Industrial and social .system tha Interests of all men are so closely Intertwined that In the Immense ma jority of caaea a straight dealing man -.hd hv his efficiency' by hla Ingenuity and Industry, 'benefits himself must also . benefit other. Mormaiy. ine. man 01 great productive capacity who becomes rich by guiding tna laoor ox many wuwi men does so by enabling them to pro duce mora than they could produce with out his guidance and both ha and they bare tn tha benefit,, which cornea also to tha 'public, at. large. Tha superficial . fact that 'tha sharing "may ba unequal , snuet never, blind us te- the underlying fact that there la 'this sharing, and that , the benefit eomea ui some degree ta uk man concerned. Normally the wageworkar, tha ssaa at , small means, and' tha average consumer, -as well as the average producer, are all allk helped by soaking coedlUoaa such that the' man 'ufexLgptkapai bnslasss ability receives am vxceptional reward for his ability. gomethlag eaa be done by legislation to help tna giairsl pros .. parity; bat no sack hasp of a perma nently beneficial character eaa be gtvea to the ieea able and taaa fortunate, save aa the resuMa ef a poller which shall Inure to the advantage aU Industrious and f fieieat psepls was aa decently, and this la only another way of aayiag that any benefit which cornea to tha less able and Jeaa fortunate must of necessity ooase evaa snore to the more able and more fortunate. . If, therefore, the leaa fortunate seen la moved , by envy of sua more fortunate brother to strike at the conditions under which they have both, though unequally pros pered, the result will assuredly be that while damage may coma to the one struck at; 'It will visit with an even heavier load the one who strikes the blow. Taken as a whole We must ail go up or go clowe- together. 4 , - ' ' Make Corporations Subjects;! Tat while not merely admitting, but winsiins uv0!) i. m ...... . I hare la as ; gnwrrnmrntil Tfr- rstralnt. or supervision some of tha ex-' ceptional men use their energies' not in ways -chat are for the common-good, but' in ways which tell against this common good. The fortunes amassed through corporate organisation are now Co large, and veat auch power in -those that wield, them, as to make It a mat- ter'af necessity te give to the sovereign that Is, to the government, which represents the people as s whole some effective power. of supervision over theli corporate use. ' In order to Insure a healthy social and industrial life.' every big corporation should be held responsi ble -by. snd .be accountable to. some sovereign strong enough to control Its COndUCt, " . ' r .i ' . 1 v -' I am In no sense -hostile to corpora tions. Thla is aa age of combination, and any effort to prevent all combina tion will be not only useless, but in the end vicious, because of the contempt fot law " which . the failure to . enforce law inevitably produve. Wo ahould, more over, recognise ' In cordial ,. and ample fashion, the Immense good effected . by coTDorate agencies In a country such as Uurs, and the wealf?. of Intellect, energy and therefore normally : to the service of - the public, by their officers and directors. The corporation haa come-to stay. Just' as the trade. union has come to stay. Each can do and haa done great- good. Each should be 'favored so long aa It does good. But each should be sharply checked where It acta against law and Justice. So .long as toe finances of the nation are kept upon aa honest oasis no other -.question of Internal economy. wi(h which the congress has the power to deal be gins to approach In Importance the mat ter of endeavoring to secure proper In dustrial conditions under which the In dividualsand especially the great oorporationa doing an interstate busi ness are to act. The makers of our national constitution provided especially that the regulation of Interstate com merce should , come within the sphere f the 'general government. The argu ments in favor of their taking this stand were even then overwhelming. .But they are far stronger today, in view of the enormous development nf great business Is genclea, usually corporate In form. Stat Control a Myth. ? Experience has shown conclusively that It Is useless to try to get any adequate I 1 T BARGAINS IN MEDICINE t A !, woman once" wrote' ua , that' $he was- hot rgoin'g to V buy ' Scott's t Emulsion! any more . because itost too much.' . Saidsheicould. get t some other, em'utelon' for less monev. r Penny , ' wise 1 and J; Iound foolish.' Scot&Emul- sion costs more-because it is worth more1 costs more to make. . We - could : make Scott' Emulsion cost less by . using less oil. " Coulct take v less care in making it, Jdo. ' If we did, however, Scott's Emulsion wouldn't ; be the standard preparation of cod ; liver oil as it is to-day;--' S.COTT BOw-KaV Nari aauat, Vvv rera regulation and supervision of these great corporations Dy state action... Buch regu lation and supervision can.-only ba ef fectively exercised by a sovereign whose jurisdiction Is coextensive with the field of work -of the - corporations that ' la, by : the national government. I believe that thla regulation and supervision can be obtained by tha .enactment of law by the oongresa. If thla proves Impos sible It will certainly be necessary ulti mately to confer In fullest form such power -upon the national government by a proper amendment of the constitution. It would obviously be unwise to endeavoi to secure auch an amendment until It Is' certain that the result can not be obtained, under the constitution as - It now la. The laws of congress and of the several stales muiwio, aa passeu upon by the courts, have resulted mors often in showing that the states haveltlon. The first necessity Is to secure It, no power, in the matter than that the natlonal government baa power; so that there ar-piesunt exists a -very- unforto rata condition of things, under which these great corporatlona doing an Inter state business oocupy the position of subjects without a sovereign neither any state government nor the national gov ernment having effective' control ovet them. Our steady aim should be " by legislation, cautiously and - carefully undertaken, but resolutely persevered In, to assert the sovereignty of the national government by .affirmative action. - Thla la only In form aa Innovation. In substance It. is merely st restoration; for from the earlleat time such regula tion of Industrial activities has been recognised In the action of tha law making bodies; and all ' that I propose Is to meet the changed conditions In auch manner as will prevent the com monwealth abdicating the power it has always possessed, not only In this country but-also In ' England ' before and alnca this country became a separate nation, j Enact Positive Laws. ... ),.: It baa been a misfortune that the national lawa on thla aubiect have hith erto' been- of a - negative or prohibitive rather than an affirmative kind, and still more that they have In part sought to prohibit what could not ba effectively prohibited., and have in part In their prohlbltiona confounded what should ba allowed and what ahould not 'be allowed. It is generally useless to try to prohibit all restraint on competition, ' whether this restraint be reasonable or unrea sonable; and where It Is not useless It la generally hurtful. Events have shown that It la not possible adequately to secure the enforcement of any law of thla kind by Incessant appeal to the courts. , v . The department of Justice has for th last four years devoted more attention to " the enforcement of the anti-trust legislation than to anything else. Much been accomplished: particularly marked- baa been the moral affect of the prosecutions; but It Is increasingly evi dent that there will be a very insuffi cient ' beneficial result in the way of economic change. The successful prose cution of one device to evade the law immediately develops another device no accomplish the same purpose. What Is needed la not Sweeping . prohibition of very arrangement, good or bad, which may tend to restrict competition, but such adequate 'supervision and regula tion as will prevent any. restriction- if competition from being to the detriment of the public aa well as such super vision and regulation aa will prevent other abuses in. no way connected wltn rest riot ean of competition. v -- Of these abuses. pmat)g "II1B I'lllBf. Si though by no meana the only one. It overcapitalised ongenerali? Itself the result of dishonest promotion becauw of the myriad evils It brings in Its train; for such overcapitalisation often meana an Inflation that invites business panic it alwaya conceala the true relation of the profit earned to the Capital actually Invested, and It oreatee a burden of In terest payments which Is a fertile cause of Improper reduction In or limitation of wagea; It damages the small Inventor, discourages thrift. and . encourages gambling and speculation; while perhaps worst of - all la - the .trickiness and . dl -honesty which It Implies for harm to morals ,1s worse .than any possible harm to material Interests, and tha debauch ery, of politics and business by great dishonest . corporations Is far worse than any actual material evil .they 1o the puMic until ine national govern ment obtains. In some manner which the wladom of the congress may suggest. proper control over the big corporations engaged In interstate commerce that la over the great majority of the big cor porations It will be Impossible to deal adequately with these evils. t ' ' . V , Legislation Is Difficult , , I am well aware -of the difficulties of tha legislation that I am suggesting, snd of the need of temperate and cautious action In securing it, I should emphat ically protest against Improperly radical or hasty action. ' The first thing to do Is to deal with the great corporations engaged in the business of international transportations - As 1 said In my mes sage of December, f last, the Immediate and moat pressing need, so far aa legis lation Is concerned. Is the enactment Into law of aome scheme to secure to the agents ot the government such su pervision and regulation of -the rates charged by the railroads of the country engaged In Interstate traffic as shall summarily and effectively prevent the Imposition of unjust Or unreasonable rates. It must Include -putting a com plete stop to rebates In every; shape and iorm. ( The first consideration to be kent In mind" Is that the power should be affirm ative and should.be given to some ad-J mlnlstrative body created bv cona-rwau If given to the present Interstate com merce commission or to a recognised Interstate commerce commission, such commraslon should be made unequivo cally administrative. Right to Fix a Rate- ' , It la not my province to Indicate the exact terms of the law which should be enacted; but l-oair the attention of the congresa to certain existing conditions with .which it Is desirable, to deal. In my Judgment the most ' Important pro vision which such law should contain Is that .conferring upon' some competent administrative body the power to de cide, upon the case being brought be fore it. whether a given rate prescribed by1 a railroad Is reasonable and Just, and If It Is found to be unreasonable and un just, then, after full Investigation of the complaint, .to prescribe the limit of rste beyond which It shall not be lawful to go (the maximum reasonable rate as It is commonly called), this decision to gojnto effect within a. reasonable time and to obtain from thence onward sub ject . to-review by the courts.- It some times . happena at present, not that s rate Is too high, but that a favored ship, per. la given too low a rate, In such case the commission would hsve the right, to: fix, this alreadv-.eet.hii.h. minimum rate as the maximum; and It wuuiu nm oniy one or two such de cisions by the commission to1 crura rail. road companies of the practice of giv ing Improper minimum, rates.- I call your attention to the factthat m km. poeal fa not to give the commission power to initiate or originate rates gen- raJJbut W regulate a rate sAreedyl In Message to Congress Declares That All Other . National Questions Give Place to Rate Regu-. - lation-Tariff Reform Only Hinted at. fixed or originated by the roads, upon complaint and after -Investigation. A heavy penalty should be exacted from any' corporation which falls to respect an order . of j the commission. I regard thi. nnM.. tn ..t.hll.h a maximum rata i .. Kalnr eaaential to anv Scheme or real I reform in-the matter of railway recula- ' and. unless It la granted to tha com ml s- alon. there la little use In touching the subject atall.,"-1"-" Control All Car Lines. - The power vested In the government to put a stop to agreements to the detri ment of the publlo should, tn my Judg ment, be accompanied by power to per mit, under specified conditions and care ful supervision, sgreements clearly in the interest of the public But, in my Judg ment, the necessity for giving this further power is by no means as great as the necessity for giving the commis sion or- administrative .body the other powers I have enumerated ' above, and It may well ba advisable to attempt to veat this particular power Into the com mission or other administrative body until It already possesses and is exercis ing what I regard as by far the moat Im portant of all the powers I recommend as Indeed the vitally important power- that to fix a given maximum rate, which rate, after the lapse of a reasonable time, goes into Jull effect, subject to' review by the courts. . . All private-car lines, industrial, roads, refrigerator charges and the like should be expressly put undsr the supervision Of the interstate commerce commission or some similar body so far as rates and agreements practically affecting rates. are concerned. , The' private-car owners and the owners of Industrial railroads are entitled- to a fair and reasonable com pensation on their investment; but neither private cars nor Industrial rail roads nor spur tracks should be utilised as devices for securing preferential rates. Examine Railway Books. -A system of examination or railroad accounts should be provided similar to tbat now conducted into the national banks by the bank examiners; a few first class railroad accountants. If they had proper direction and proper authority; to inspect .books and papers, could ao compllsh much in preventing willful violations of the law. It would not be oecessary for them to examine Into the accounts of any railroad unless for good reasons .they were directed to do so by the Interstate commerce commission. - It Is greatly to be desired that . some way might be found by which an agreement as to transportation within a state -In tended to operate as a fraud upon the federal Interstate commerce lawa could be brought under the Jurisdiction of the federal authorities. - ; i Let me most earnestly, say that these recommendations are not . made In any spirit of hostility to the railroads. . On ithlcal grounds, on grounds of right. such -hostility- would-be- Intolerable, -and on grounds of mere national self-interest must sesssssbss that .sunn Sea that .sunn hoatllltir aould tell against the welfare not merely of some few rich- men. but of a multitude of small Investors, a multitude of rail way employes, wsgeworker,. and most severely, against the mtesest of the pub-4 Ho as a wholes I believe that on the hole our railroads have done well and rot- ill. but the railroad men who wish to do well should not - be exposed to competition with those who have no such desire, and the only way to secure this end ta to give some . government tribunal the power to see that Justice Is -done by the unwilling exactly as It is gladly done by she wllllnc Morover, If some government body Is given In creased, power the effect will be to furnish authoritative answer on behalf of the railroad whenever Irrational clamor against It is raised, or whenever charges made against It are disproved. I ask this legislation not . only In the Interest of the publlo but In the Interest of the honest railroad man and the honest shipper alike, for It Is they who are chiefly Jeoparded by the practices of uietr dishonest competitors. ... Minor Railway Topics, In my annual ' measage ' to the ' Hth congresa. . at its third session, I -called attention to the necessity for legislation requiring the use of block signals upon railroads engaged In Interstate commerce. The number of serious collisions upon unblocked roads that have occurred within the past year-adds force to the recommendation then made. The con gress should provide, by appropriate legislation, for the Introduction of block signals upon all railroads engaged In Interstate commerce at the earliest prac ticable date; aa a measure of increased safety to the traveling public. xne excessive hours of labor to which railroad employes In . train service are in many cases subjected Is also a matter whtclf 'may well engage the serious at tention of the oonaress. The strain. both mental and physical. udou those who are engaged In the movement and operation of railroad trains under modern conditions Is perhaps greater than that which, exists In any other Industry, and If there are any reasons for limiting by law the hours of labor In any employ ment jihey certainly apply with, peculiar force to tne employment of those upon whose vigilance and slertnesa In the performance of their duties ths safety of all who travel by rail depends. in my annual message to the. 67th congress, at Its second session, I recom mended the passage of an employers' liability law for the District ot Columbia and In our .navy-yards. I renewed that recommendation In my message to the i8th congresa, at Its second session. snd further suggested, the appointment ua m cvuinnHjun to nufl a com pre henslve study of employers'' liability,, with a view to the enactment of a wise snd constitutions! law covernlngthe sub ject, applicable to all Industries within the scope of the federal power. . Wiope that auch a law will .be, prepared and enacted aa speedily as possible. ' There has been demand foi denrlvlns courts of the power- to Issue Injunctions In labor disputes, fluch special limita tion of the equity powers of our courts would be most unwise It Is true tbat seme Judges have , misused this power; but this does not Justify a denial of tha power any more than an Improper ex ercise of the power to call a strike by a labor leader would Justiry the denial of the right to strike. - The remedy Is to regulate the procedure by requiring the . Oared aHralysis. W."j. Bally. P. O. Trne, Texas, writes: "My wife had been suffering five years with paralysis In her arm. when I was persuaded to use Ballsrd's Hnow Lini ment, whloh-enred her all right. I have also used It for old sores, frostbites yji C& cV" ' Judge to give due notice to the adverse parties before ' granting the writ, the hearing to be ex -parte if the adverse party does not appear at the time snd place ordered. -t - ' . , i . , . - -. . . .'.',..':.. Child Labor aitd Women! f I renew the recommendation I made In my last annual measage for an- tnveatl gallon by the department of commerce and labor-of general- labor eond itton a, especial attention to be paid to the con ditions of child labor and child labor leslslatlon In tha several atataa Rnnh an investigation should take, into ac count the various problems with which the question of child labor Is connected. It Is true that theaa problems can be actually met In moat cases only by the states themselves, hut It would be well for the nation to endeavor to secure and publish comprehensive Information as to the conditions of the labor of children in the different states, so as to spur up those that are Behindhand, and to se cure approximately uniform legislation of a high character among the several states. The department of commerce and la bor should also make a thorough inves tigation of the conditions of women In Industry. Over . Ave million American women are now engaged In gainful oc cupation; yet there is an almost com plete dearth of data upon which to base apy trustworthy conclusions as regards a subject as Important an It is vast and complicated. There is need of full knowledge on which to base action look ing toward state and municipal legisla tion for the protection of working women. The Introduction of women Into Industry Is working change and distur bance In the domestic. and social Ufa of the nation. The decrease In marriage. and especially In the birth rate, has been coincident with It. We must face ac complished facta, and the adjustment to factory conditions must be made; but nr.lv it can bo made with leas friction and leaa harmful effects on family life than is how the case. In any great labor disturbance not only are employer mnd employe. -interested, but also a third party the gen eral public ' Every- considerable - labor difficulty in .which Interstate commerce Is 'involved should be investigated by the government snd the facts officially reported, to the public . Remedy Insurance Evils. v Tha arrest Insurance oompanles afford striking exsmplea ot corporations whoas business has extended so far beyond the Jurisdiction of the states which created them, as to preclude strict enforcement of supervision and regulation by the parent states. In my last annual mes sage I recommended "that ths congress carefully consider whether me power or the bureau of corporations cannot con stitutionally be extended to -cover inter state .tranaactlons .in InBUranee." Re cent events have emphaalsed the Import ance ot an early and exhaustive consid eration of this question, to sea whether It is not poslble to furnish -bettor safe- f,..rH. rnn th several states nave been able tournTghIgmir BUM Uptluii of the flagrant kind which has been ex posed. It haa been only too clearly shown that certain of the men st the head of these corporations take but small note of the ethical distinction between honesty and dishonesty; - they draw the line only this side of what may bo called: law-honesty, the kind of hopesty necessary in order to avoid fall ing Into the clutches of the law. There is need of a far stricter and more uniform regulation of the vast in surance Interests of the country. The United States, should -In this respect follow the policy of other nations by providing adequate national supervision of commercial interests which are clear ly national' in character. My predeces sors have repeatedly recognised that the foreign business of these companies Is an Important ' pert of our foreign commercial relatione. During the ad ministrations of Presidents Cleveland. Harrison snd McKlnley the state depart ment exercised Its Influence, through diplomatic channels, to prevent unjust discrimination by foreign ' countries against American Insurance companies. These negotiations illustrated the pro priety of the congress recognising the national character of insurance, for In the absence of federal legislation the state department could only give ex pression to the wishes of the authori ties of the several states, whose policy was Ineffective through want of uni formity. - . ; v ;'.. '- : ". , ,. Federal Supervision. , I repeat my previous recommendation that the congress should also consider whether the federal government has any power or owes any duty with respect to domestic transactions In Insurance of an interstate character. That state su pervision has proved inadequate Ta gen erally conceded. The burden upon In surance companies, snd therefore their policy holders, of conflicting regulations of msny states. Is unquestioned, while but little effective check Is Imposed upon sny able and unscrupulous man who deslren to exploit the company In his own Interest at the expense of the policy holders and of the public The Inability of a state to regulate effectively-Insurance corporations created under the laws qf other states arid transacting the larger part of their business else where is also clear. As a -remedy for this evil of conflicting, Ineffective, and yet burdensome regulations there has been for many years a widespread de mand for federal supervision. Thevcon gress has already recognised that Inter state Insurance may be -a proper sub ject for federal legislation, for In creat ing the bureau of corporatlona It author ised It to publish and supply useful 4n- fprmation concerning Into rata te corpo rations, "Including corporations engaged In inaurance." r . - Suspicion of Tariff Reform. There' Is more need of stability than of the attempt to-attain an Ideal per fection In the methods of raising reve nue; and . the shock snd strain to the business, world -Yertaln to attend any serious change In these methods render such change Inadvisable unless for grave reason. It Is not possible to lay down any general rule by which to determine the moment, when the reason for will outweigh the reasons against -such a change. Much must depsnd, not merely on ths needs, but on the desires, of the people ss s whole; for needs and desires sre not necessarily identical, Economy Is recommended by the president, but not false economy. The commissioner of the general land office recommends ahollBhJng receivers of pub lic moneys. Which . the measage says would effect a saving of 1250,000. - A hesvy saving' In publlo printing is, also reported possible. Closing thlg subject , the president said; Tet, in speaking of economy, I must In no wtss be understood as advocating the false economy which is In the end the worst extravagance. To cut down on the navy, for tnatanoe. would be a crime against tne - nation, to' xau to push forward all work on the Panama canal would be aa great a folly. Elasticity In currency Is urged ss sn element tbat ahould be added to , the Dresent system. The ' faet that the treasurv is at certalh 'seaions compelled to act to prevent a financial crtsle-wae cited as a fsct which should prompt congress to furnish this slement to the currency.- . "j , , Buainess Economy Urged. , : Greater busraess .economy in the exec utive departments -of the government Is urged. The- president says tnst ne is prosecuting. Inquiries Into the possibili ties along this line, which have not pro gressed sufficiently far, yet 'to be de cisive, and he aash congress to provide by transfer.- distribution or consolida tion for changes In business methods between the several departments until executive methods are as economical and efficient as the machinery for any large bualnesa Affirmation of ' the " request In ' the president's last messsge for a law pro tecting federal elections was made, with an emphasising paragraph, and in this connection he says that all contribu tions by corporations . to sny political committee or -for any political purpose should be forbidden by raw. - Assurance la given that the govern ment will do everything It can to have the second Hague peace conference held, pursuant to the invitation of the United Btates in 1104, and the recent note ot the Russian government - following the Ruaso-Japanese peace. While on . this topic, the president - enters Into a dis course on the destructlveness of war. Recognising that there are demagogues or peace aa well as of awar. the presi dent hopes that a Just peace will soon be assured all people, so that they da not have to accept the-arbitrament of armed conflict to preserve their rights. with the prophecy that the golden rule would, be the guiding rule of conduct ultimately among nations, the president enters Upon discussion-of the - Monroe doctrine. Protection to American inter ests, but not a purpose to absorb South American neighbors, was set forth as Its cardinal purpose. - - - - The duty of the great republic to heln sister spubllcs was expressed em phatically, as - an - Introduction to the Santo Domingo question.- The message relatee the trouble of the Island renuhlle and the appeal for -help to straighten out financial difficulties and says that a messsge to this end is pending before the senate at the present time, which, it adopted, will give stability to 8anto Domingo until her-people are' able to meet their financial obligations. ' "Every consideration of wise policy and above all every consideration of large genac-4 osuy puis tne government meet the re quest of Banto iMwnlngV- says the presi dent, closing. . , -- f . v, : . Foreign policies Introduced the army and navy; 'TUfrmrfiweiviHg tin 'Ureal-' dent'a compliments as follows; - -. i Beat of All SeJdlers.V . ' "I do not believe that any army In the world has a better sveraa-e of en listed -man or a better-type of Junior of-J M . a . ft...- . 1 i . . . 1 uv, , u mi irmr inoura oe trasnea to act. effectively tn a mass. ' Provision should be made by sufficient appropria tions for maneuvers of a practical kind so. that- the -troops - may learn how to take care, of themselves- under actual service conditions; every march, for In stance, being made with the soldier loaded exactly aa -he would be tn an ac tive campaign. The generals snd colo nel would therebyjiave opportunlty-ol handling regiments, brigades and divis ions snd the commissary and medical departmenta -would be teated In the field. Provision should be made for the exer cise at least of a brigade and by prefer-' ence-of a division In marching and em barking at some point on our coast and disembarking at some other' point and continuing its march. - Taking the weedlng-out work done at West Point as an example, the presi dent recommends that It ' be continued In the service, so tbat Inefficient men may be dropped; and so that exception ally good men may be promoted over the heads of their comrades The navy, one of the president's pet subjects, la given considerable space: ., Increaae tha Navy. " V ' ; "Our ' navy must, 'relatively . to the navies of other nations, always , be of greater else . than ous army. We have most wisely continued for a' number of years to build up our navy, and it has now reached a fairly high standard of efficiency. This standard of .efficiency must not only be maintained, but In creased. It does not seem- to me neces sary, however,, that the navy should at lesst In the Immediate future be in creased beyond the present number of units. . What Is now clearly necessary Is to substitute efficient for Inefficient units as the latter become, worn out or as It becomes apparent that they- are useless. Probably the result would be attained by adding a single battleship to our navyaach year,, the -superseded or -outworn- vessels being . laid .up or broken 'up' aa they are replaced! " 4The four , single-turret. monitors built Im mediately after the close of the Spanish war, for Instance, sre vessels which would be of, but little nse-tn the event of war. The money spent upon them could have been more usefully spent In other ways. ' Thus It would have been far better never to Jiava built a single one of these. monitors and to have put the money, into ah ample supply of re serve guns. t Most of the smaller cruis ers and gunboats, though they' serve useful purpose so far as they are needed for International ' police work, would not add to .the strength of. our-navy In a conflict with a serious foe. There Is urgent need of. providing a large In crease In the number of officers, and es pecially in (he number, of enlisted men. Recent Naval Lessons. ' i .' " ; "Recent naval history has emphasised certain, lessons which ought not to, but which do, need emphasis. Seagoing tor pedo boats or destroyers are Indispen sable, not only . for making - night . at tacks by surprise upon an enemy, but even In battle for finishing " already crippled ship, -Under-exceptional olr cumstaneee submarine boats would doubtless be of use. Past scouts are heeded. The main strength of the navy, however, lies and csn only He In- the great battleships, the heavily armored, heavily gunned vessels which decide' the mastery of .the sens. .Heavy armed crulsers'also play a most useful part, and unarmed cruisers. If swift enough,, are very, useful as scouts, '" Between arv . ... . " -- - v;1, . tasonists of approximately equal prow ess the comparative perfection ot the Instruments of war will ordinarily de termine the fight. But .lt Is of course true that the man behind the gun, the man In the engine-room, and the man In the conning tower, considered not only inaiviauaiiy. dui eepsciauy, wo raaard to the way in which they work together, are even more important than the weapons with which they work. "The marksmanahlp of our hay la now on t he -w hole la-a- gratifying -con dition, and there haa been a great im provement In fleet practice,' We need additional seamen; we heed a large store of reserve guns; we .need sufficient money for ample target practice, am ple practice of every kind at sea. We should substitute for comparatively In efficient typesthe old third class bat tleship Texas, the single turreted mon itors above mentioned, and inaeea an the monitors and some of the old cruisers tfnolent. wo4m, aeagol na.v -sola Seagoing torpedo-boat destroyers should be-substituted for some of the smaller torpedo boats. During the pres ent congress there reed be no additions to the aggregate number or units or tne navy. Our- navy, though . very small relatively to the navies of other nations. Is 'for the present-1 sufficient- in- point of numbers for our needs... and while we muet constantly strive to make its ef ficiency higher, there need be no addi tions to the total number ot shlpa now built snd building, save In the way of substitution ss above outlined. I rec ommend the report of the secretary of the navy to the careful consideration of the congress, especially with a view to the leglalation therein advocated." - : - Penalties for Officers. X ''; ) ;: V Assurance Is given congress that the report of the committee on naturalisa tion laws will be furnished It for guid ance In legislation.- -. IB .regard to criminal lawa ths chief executive, says . that the necessity . of throwing every possible safeguard about the accused, which existed centuries ago, ta reversed now. so tbat Instead of the Individual - being - in - danger of being wronged by the state, the danger Is that the state -will be wronged by the Individual, which neceaaltates changes In the nation's criminal laws--, A stat ute which - provides punishment for a United States attorney or other officer who corruptly. or. wrongfully agrees to refrain front doing any act ha should perform, when the conslderstldh Is other than one having a money jrahte. Is urged upon ths legislators., Penalties - for - a breach of trust in divulging . publlo secrets are also Invoked for all employes of the- government. . . a - . To do away with the iniquitous meth ods by which' public land has- been-monopolised tinder existing laws. Is fur nished as reason for adopting the recom mendations of the publlo lands commis sion. Range control Is advocated, which Is treated In connection with Irriga tion: i. e .-. -y :. vr:. , ; Irrigate and SelL,- . - 1 "The reclamation act derives much of Its value .from the fact that It-tends to secure the greatest possible number of homes on the land, and to create com munities of freeholders. In part by settle ment .on publlo land, in part by forcing the subdivision of large private holdings before they can get water from govern ment irrigation works. The law requires that no right to the use of water for land In private ownership shall be sold for a tract exceeding 10 acres to any one land owner. This provision has ex- file .llv. -.n p" hfmur- the success- of the law itself depends on the-wise, and firm enforcement of It. Wecan not afford to- substitute tenants for freeholders on tbe publlo domain. "The -greater part of the remaining public lands can not be irrigated. They are at present and will probably always be of greater, value for graslng than for any- other purpose. - This fact has led to the graslng homestead of (40 acres In Nebraska and to the proposed exten sion of it to other states. , It Is argued that a 'family can not be supported on 1 sores of arid graslng land. This Is obviously true; but neither can a family be supported on 40 acres of much of the land to which It Is proposed to apply the graslng homestead. To establish universally any such arbitrary limit would be unwise at the present time. It would probably result on the one hand in enlarging the hold ings of some of the .great land owners, and -on the other In needless suffering snd failure on the part of a very con siderable proportion of the bona fide settlers who give faith to the Implied assurance of the government that such sn area la sufficient. The -best use of the publlo graslng, lands requires the careful examination and classification of these - Isnds in order 'to give each settler '. land enough to support his family and no more. While this work Is being done, and until the lands are settled, ' the government should take control of the open range, under reason able regulations , suited to local needs, following the general policy already In successful operation on the forest re, serves. It Is probable that the present graslng value of the open publlo range is sesreely more than half what It once was or what It might easily be again under careful regulation." . , - ' ' ' ' :. Guard Confederate Dead. ; w Further work , In' building Mississippi levees Is asked.'. Earnest consideration Is aeked for the report of the merchant marine commission, to obs'lata some of the troubles now experienced by Ameri can merchants In' building up their trad with foreign countries. President Roose velt becomes a "rAordlal champion of the Jamestown tercentennial, which Is to bS held In.UOX, on the site of the first white settlement. Considerate regard for ths pensioner-Is not forgotten In. the mass of subjects snd President McKln ley's recommendation that congresa care for the graves of the confederate dead la repeated. -. . , . -;Protest Is - made against undesirable Immigration,.', in. which connection the president calls attention to the fact that 1.0W, 000 alien , Immigrants arrived In this country during the fiscal year ending June to, . . A recommendation Is - made that no Immigrants be allowed to come tn from -Mexico and Canada, ssve natives of those countries, and strengthening ex clusion lawa - la asked. After asking equal considerations for all European races the Chinese exclusion, law Is treated as follows: , -. ; ''!" "".' -;.'.''' Keep Chinese Out. " ' V "The questions arising. In ' connection with Chinese immigration stand by them selves. Ths conditions In China sre such that the entire Chinese coolie class, thai la the class of Chinese laborers, skilled and unskilled, legitimately come under the head- of - undesirable Immigrants to this country, because of their . numbers, the low wsgss for which they work and their low standard of living. Not only Is It to the Interest of. this country te keep them out, but the Chinese authori ties do not desire that they -.should be admitted. t present Uelr entrance Is prohibited byj laws amply sdequate to accomplish this purpose.- These laws have been, are being and will jbe thor oughly enforced. The violations of them are -so few In number SS to be Infhlltesl kuaTand can ba entirely disregarded, There la no serious proposal to alter the Immigration laws aa regards the Chinese laborer, skilled or unskilled, and there la no excuse for any "man feeling or affecting to feel the slightest alarm on tbe subject. ...... "But In the effort 'to carry out' the policy of excluding Chinese laborers, Chinese coolies, grave - Injustice and wrong have- been done by thla nation to- the people of Chins, and therefore ultimately to this nation Itself. Chinese , studants, buslneee and professional men ' of. all kinds not only merchants, busi ness and professional men of all kinds not only merchants, but bankers, doctors -manufacturers; professors, travelers and tha like should be encouraged to coma here and treated en precisely the same tooting that we treat atudenta, business men, travelers and the like - of other ' nations. V. ; , ' . .- . ' , x. - "Our" laws and treaties should be framed, not so ss to pub these people ia-tha excepted-class,, but to state -that.: we will, admit Chinese, except Chinese of -the coolie, class, Chinese skilled or unskilled laborers. There would not be the least dsnger that any such provision would result In sny relaxation of the law about- laborers. - TheSe will, under all conditions, be kept out absolutely. 'But it will , be more easy to see thst both Justice and courtesy are shown, aa they ought AO bs shown, to other Chinese; If -the law or treaty la framed as above suggested. Examinations : should - be completed at the port of departure from China. For thla purpose there should be provided a more adequate consular service In China - than we now have. . The approprlatlons,L.both for the offices of the consuls and for the office forces In the consulatea, should be increased. , Treat Them Fairly. ,! :' "As a people we have talked much of the open door In China, and we. expect, snd quite rightly Intend to insist upon. Justice being shown by the Chinese. But we can not expect to receive equity un ess we ao equity, we can not ask the Chinese to do to us what we are un willing to do to them.- They would "nave a perfect right to exclude our-laboring men If ' dur. laboring men threatened to come Into their country in auch num bers ss to Jeopardise' the well-being ot the Chinese population; and aa, mutatla mutandis, these were the conditions with which ' Chinese ' Immigration actually brought this people to face.- we had and have a perfect right, which the Chinese government- In no way contests, to act as we have acted In the jnatter of ' re stricting coolie immigration. .That tbls right exlats for each country . was ex plicitly acknowledged In the last treaty between the two countries.- But we must treat the Chinese student, traveler and business roan In a spirit . of -the broadest Justice and courtesy If we ex pect similar treatment to be aocorded to our own people of similar rank who go to China. Much trouble has come during the past' summer from the organised boycott against American goods i which has been started in China The main factor in producing thla, 'boycott has been the resentment felt by the students and buainess people of Chins, by SU tha Chinese leaders, against the harshness of our law toward educates? Chinamen of tbe professional and business classes. "Thla government hasthe frlendlleat feeling . for China and desires China's well-being. We cordially sympathise with tha announced purpose of Japas to stand ' for the- Integrity Of "China. Such an attitude tends to ths peace ot tbe world." . . Civil service, oopyrlaht law protec tion, adulteration of .food, smoke law ta Waahjnatnn. national., aarka. thn lire. aavlng service and ladling are subjects for hasty consideration.' Greater spscs Is. devoted to the Philippines, the mes sage at this part being merely a review of Insular affairs, and closing with ths recommendation of free trade- for ths Philippines, that the archipelago might find ready market here for Its sugar and tobacco. Seventy-five per cent of ths Internal revenue receipts of Hawsll are recommended to be set aalde for educa tional purposes. Porto Rico and Insular affairs In general close this section. Alaska has found a friend in the presi dent, as tbs recommendation regarding Continued on Page Eleven.) Mil ITCHING Doctored for Four Months and Tried Nearly Everything, but Could Get Only Temporary Relief Better from First and '1 ? SPEEDILY CURED BY k CUTICURA REMEDIES "-'-,"; i '.' " My left hand wag-almost eovered with a large red sore which would itch terribly. I -doctored with . it four months, also tried everything I could think of, but I would only have' tem porary relief. A competent physician of Kansas City Shook his bead and eaid,"n looks bad." Then a friend told me of Cuticura, and aa I had tried ao much, I thought! might as well try that too, and I bought a set of Cuti cura Soap, Ointment, and Resolvent. Just three day and nighte after I had taken the first dose, the inflammaUon had all gone from ths sore;, and when I had taken three bottles and a half of Resolvent, my hand was all well. ' y " Itgives ma pleasure to tell you of this, and if any one- wMiea to writ to ma personally, I shall be glad to answer. I am never tired of speaking well of the Cuticura Remedies, (signed) Mrs. Wm. Pockel,' 11834 'State St., . Chicago, 111., May 26, 1903." . STILL ANOTHER CURE Face Covered with Pimples and 3ors. Skin Now Clear. "My face was all broken, out with pimples and sores. I used Cuticura Soap and Cuticura Ointment for two months and was completely cured. My face ta in splendid shape now. Cutt cura Soap and Ointment are splendid . - . , ,i i. I M : t , lor Dealing an auiun in iac jjunjjica ' and aores. I am glad to rscommend them, for they wars a great boon to me. I know hundreds that it haa cured in r , .i -T - M 7' II 1. DOOUauu. wuotb a catiia iiuin iw i world' wide, (signed) David Macau ley, R. P. D. Uo. 6, Sullivan. Ind, May 20, 1905." ' . OnaMa Ettanial aad TaMrsal TmsMms sw eftrv ' ,nr. frMi rmrim tm orofl, fma latoMS in J.ili 1 ml Cattenn hu Ua.. olMmaM, ; M.Ma. itai ton tt Otuln OmmS Htl U.pmr W ' rf Ant mw ka hut otf til mrummiMm. A riul, aa lift aiir-. Frtt"r lT m ?hm. :ur..M Prop.,., S-MMa Sv S I ilH i it van waiag, m SORE Oil HANDS
