THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND. SUNDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER 12. 1005."
;0M::G.
1C
i -
! t t it
i - ... , ' - ,
IMPORTANT American interests In
- but on tiiaca in the world t are
. without Judicial safeguards. Singu
larly as It may seem, thla region
la 'tha orient, where America la Just
beginning a auprema effort to extend
trada and compete with thriving- Euro
. peana who have, been keaner to detect
Ita commercial possibilities.
If the char ne aicalnat American enter
prise wer no mure aerloua than thla
. bare . statements-suggests, It might b
explained on the basts of lack of- In
formation. But the national legislature
" " hs been "reminded frequently of tha
condition. In which It haa left American
Interests venturing to the orlunt. -The
last pointed suggestion In thla respect
by one of the highest men in the
' federal administration,' Third Assistant
. Secretary of State H. D. Pelrce. who
la probably better Informed on the con
sular eystem than any other man in
publlo service.'
, America haa no judicial system . In
the .orient. The consuls are the only
Judges. This fact la the terror of
mercantile Interests and tha cauae of
Interfering with American consuls In
pursuit of 'their 'normal' commercial
(lutlea. ... . . i ,
Our Opera Bouffe System. j
In China and : Korea ' consuls have
-primary, and aa a rule, exclusive Juris-
t diction over any casa arising which af-
,' tents an American's property or liberty.
If the suin Involved is less than 12,600
the case must originate In tha consular
courts, when. If, the litigants are. dls
, satisfied with tha decree secured there,
an appeal may be taken to the minister
to China or Korea, who haa final Juris-
;,' diction. If the sum ' involved exceeds
13,500 tha consul haa final Jurisdiction
and from his decree, whether -juat or
outrageously corrupt, there is no ap
peal. In criminal cases there la a con
ditional appeal to the mlnlstera at
Peking or Seoul, who also are eommer-
. clal and diplomatic, not. Judicial offt
' cers. . Thla right of appeal exists In
theory, not in f sot. for. the conditions
of appeal are ao costly and onerous
- that no man would ever think of ap
. pealing a case Involving no mora than
$2,500, aa hla costs, would far exceed
'. the reward of ultimate Victory. In
' criminal affairs, where a man's life
- and liberty are at Issue,' appeals may be
taken, but an ordinary man never baa
the funds to fight it through. If an
. American at Canton desires to appeal ht
. must arrange to go with his witnesses,
who may be numerous,, to Peking. 'The
fare ene way In f 100 for each person,
' The minister, being allowed nothing
extra to defray expenses. Insists upon
an advance of sufficient else to cover
possible contingencies. Between the
horns of this dilemma tha litigant Is
helpless and the effect Is to make con
,sular officials absolute arbiters of the
destinies. of every American who ven
tures Into business in the orient.
;tTvery--Tnert'ijantrTnJrbU8lhesi nhroad
knows that frequently, corrupt officials
, get Into tha consular aervlce, men who
- are there to make all' they can. Mer
chants Injured by euoh officials have no
recourse save to take their case- to
Washington. In this struggle the odds
, are with the official, who has beeen cun
ning In his misdeeds and haa back of
Mm alt the local influence that office
r 'and power give, . . , ,
Not Chosen for Judges.
i Where consuls ara not corruptand
; mont nf Ihrm ara ant tha prnrtprnf is
yet forbidding to tha American In
vestor or merchant. Consuls-are chosen
. foe commercial 'work, without regard
to their legal attainments. Not on In
JO know mora of the-law than the
average layman. Though doing their
'beat, tbey ara yet Inefficient judgee,
who would not be tolerated to" perform
Judicial duties In tha most trivial cases
at home. . -. . -.- .
In practice this Judicial farce which
tha government haa been maintaining In
. the orient haa many examples . that
would amase Americans at home. When
the American-China Development com
pany secured a , concession to con-
struct a railway from Canton - to
Hankow and arranged to ... prosecute
. work, it sent a manager from thla
. country to take charge of construction.
After lie arrived In the orient h neg
lected his work and drank. The owners
of the concession discharged him. He
. bad been In tha aervlce but a few
T
The Symbolism of Idols
t H St
OUIS JACOLLIOT. th most fa
mous atudent of religions in
the modern world, declare that
the heathen who bow down to'
wood and stone are not blind, but wise;
not Ignorant, but using the finest of In
telllgence In utilising Idols to teach their
religious beliefs. , " .
' The Trinity In concrete form Is the
triple Image of th Trtmurtl. Brahma,
Vishnu, Siva, Father. Son, Holy Spirit.
As' a. remarkable English student of
, Hinduism remarks: "There we have In
concrete form adapted for worship th
. threefold Brahman, who Is th cause of
the ' universe; his three aspects shown
In their separata manifestations In order
that they may be understood a little
better by the limited intelligence of
men. Th creative aspect is shown
forth In Brahma, by , whoa mediation
all things are produced; he expressed
th universal mind, th divine Chit. The
llfe which Is In everything, the; life
which permeates, whloh . sustains, the
infinite support, the foundation of the
universe, that without which the unl
versa could not b maintained, which is
present In everything, In every atom of
ht universe, Is Vrshnu. the all-per-
" vader: the sustaining life of Ood; he
the dual is the aspect of bliss. , And
- then more hidden and mysterious In
many wsys. He who Is sometimes
- called the destroyer, but Is rsther the
regenerator, whose fire comes down to
burn up every form when Its usefulness
Is over In order to liberate the life that
Is within th form that It may take
' higher expression and fuller manifes
tation. ' He la Sat, existence. Such Is
the great Trlmurtl, th ooncrete aspects
, of th manifested God.
"Then coming downward . from the
Trtmurtl w have the seven great ele
ments, each of which Is a form aspect
. of almighty Intelligence, a Ood. of whom
five only are at present manifest, and
two concealed. . These. flve.aro lndra;
Agni, fire; Parana, air; Varuna, water,'
Kahltl. earth." , . -
These gods of the elements. lndra,
Agnl. Pavana, Varuna and Kshltl these
r real entitles, great spiritual Intel
ligences, and each one of them has his
own region; each one of them Is loT9
.end sovereign ruler of tlist particular
element which is the expression of hi
nature, and- below him there are count-
" less hosts of gods or devas In ever-descending
order until you come down te
the lowest manifestations of all on th
physical plane, th lowest gods of Hln-
' dulsm. who have to do with th absolute
forming snd building of th physical
bodies of our physical world. Agni I
the ruling god of fire, and la Are In
every region of .tha universe -electrlo
fir, all flashings of light, light In th
highest heaven as In th lowest earth.
,; Ihe all com under his - rule, t are
month and had been taken to China
on a two years" contract. He sued be
fore an American consul 'for tha full
amount covered by th contract The
railway offered to prov that th claim
ant bad not carried out hla contract and
agreed to pay hi expenaea back t
America, but th consular officer ruled
everything out save the claim and mad
the company pay the full amount, about
$10,000. , , .
American Autocrats. : V. f
In another instance a well-known
American merchant who bad been-doing
business at en Chinese city opened a
branch offloa at another. He found th
American consul at the latter place dis
tant, and they became unfriendly. The
merchant, being accustomed . to free
speech,- Indulged in rather cauatle com
ments regarding some of th acta of th
consul and was. aurprlaed to receive a
message immediately commanding him
to step such criticisms or he would be
Imprisoned for contempt .' ..
.At another time .an American In
Shanghai bought a piece of property
and erected a building, leasing It to a
Spaniard JT or five years, without apecl
fytng to what, use the building should
be put. . Th Spanish lessee waa the
subject of an action by th municipality
of Shanghai to prevent further use, of
the premises as an Inn, bu as a suit
against the cltlxen of another country
must go before the consul of that coun
try, this case went before the Spanish
consul, who sustained the legality of
the ' Spanish - lessee's business. Th
American consul, desiring to embarrass
the American citisen who had bought
and Improved the property, had a war
rant Issued for his arrest In th Shang
hai municipal government. Th Ameri
can owner could not Invalidate his lease,
because the Spanish consul had sus
tained the legality of th business eon
ducted there and - the American's own
consul was prosecuting hint because of
the business th Spanish lessee was con
ducting. ; . j.- .--i
- In these proceedings, th consul was
more absolutely dictator than th csar
of .Russia, as' his situation waa such
that he could not well be questioned by
th victims of his autocraXio power.
One Consul's Power.
In addition to being the commercial
agent of the government and clearing
official for American commerce, th
consul at Shanghai Is postmaster. ' Jus-
tic of tha peace for ail minor affairs
involving an American cltlsen.brobate
judge in all matter Involving th estate
or a deceased American, federal - dls
trict Judge for all cases that ordinarily
are heard In America by such tribunals,
supreme Justice with no aasociatea, as
there is no appeal from his decisions
regarding important affairs, and re
cording agent In all land transactions.
In whatever sphere of activities an
American. may engage, he Is under. th
shadow of tha consul. - .
Chinese will not embark In business
with Americans as a rule, because of th
fear that tbey will be brought to trial
oerore American consuls. .' -. ,....
Alongside of this American- fiasco Is
constantly viewed the British system
of adjudicating property rights of Brit-J
auujet-ia ana iu aasociatea , Wlin
thm in the -orient.- Nearly half a cen
tury ago the British established courts
of extra territorial Jurisdiction In China
and Korea. A supreme Justice presides
over this tribunal, holding court at the
Important centers of China andKoTA
visited by British tradesmen. Appeal
lie from tha tribunal to the privy coun
cil of Kngland. It la a saying in the
-orient that "British Justice cannot b
bought." Th effect Is to maks the
Chines , eager to associate with the
British In business enterprises, aa they
have learned that any difference arising
will be adjudicated more fairly and Just
ly before th British tribunal than be
fore . the courts of . the Chines them
selves. .'".,. ,
Mr. Peirce's Inquiry. . ;
ReportJTto th state department offi
cials of abuses of authority by Ameri
can officials are legion. - Such influence
waa stirred among mercantile Interests
during th last few years that tha atate
department aent one of Ita chief author
ities on consular affairs to mak an ex
haustive investigation.! Thla official
was Mr. Pelrce. He explored tha dentha
of Inefficiency and corruption In a man-
imxios uf his lulus ana' Wiianiun'lt an
cording to the region where the mani
festation takes place -down to th phys
ical fir that burns on th hearth, whose
gods ar manifested by his life. There
for Agni, th mighty, th self-shining,
ruling In th fiery region, is yet chanted
as the lord -of th homestead, for the
household fir Is also his and through
it he works. . - ,
. Then we-come to men's relations with
them, men's relatione with the ascend.
Ing hierarchies, going tight up to th
Trlmurtl; thee ar set forth in order
with the rites, the ceremonies and th
religious duties connected with each
at every stage; according to a man's in
tellectual and spiritual- evolution is th
grade of th deity to whom his worship
should be paid. For those who are Just
awaking to the consciousness of mind
and are feeling the first faint stirrings
of devotion some simple form of Ood Is
given; otherwise they can understand
nothing of what Is meant by the word
of Ood. - .,
"Would you talk to the laborer In hli
field, who knows nothing but his seed,
hla crops, his cattle, his hopes of rain
fall and sunshine, his wife and children
-would you taljcto him of the spotle,
partleas BrahmanT" la asked. - "If you
do h will stare at you blankly; you
glv him no object toward which hit
lov can go out, toward which trie devo
tion can find Its 'way, rodnd which the
tiny tendrils - of Ms heart can twine
themselves, at present so weak and able
to grasp ao little. The aspect of Ood 1.1
proportional to the ability of the wor
shiper always a little above him, al
ways a 1 ft tie higher than he la, always
such as to draw out some feeling Of love,
of devotion and homage, and all ' that
really goes to the One, no matter undet
what' aspect that One may be seen.
A leaf, a flower, a fralt, offered wltb
pure heart. Is accepted by the deity
himself aa if offered unto. him. And
why not, since there la nothing "moving
or unmovlng that ' may exist bereft of
me,' and therefore the Lord Is tn the
atone or the tree, and he le worshiped,
and not the mere outward formT"
Because It Is the attitude f the so nl
that Is Important and not the Intellectual
form In which It Is couched, by these
means men gradually rise to the one
supreme Image of Him who le th Lore1
nf th universe, the one Lord above alL
They are constantly reminded that they
do not know Ood as He Is, but only a
little ray of Him, aa much as they have
capacity sto receive. And, as they grow
they realise with delight' that more of
Him flows Into the conception of Him
that they adore, expanding It, Illumining
it, eublimlng It. till It eeeme to yield
some vision of Ills glory. --
The one supreme Brahman exists tin
manifest. "No human tongue, can ex
press that ' which Is beyond this all
. .I i . 1 " , 1 . " 1 ' . ' " ' .
I m v , : ; -.Mb ' - mm
ner that should awaken any country to
provide quick relief. His especial famil
iarity with state department affairs and
mastery of conditions attending the for
eign service gave him an Insight Into
th question which no other could have
acquired. Ills report, which was mad
last year, suggests the appointment of
a federal district Judge of the orient,
with extra territorial Jurisdiction. He
drafted a measure remedying the situ
ation. Instead of three Judge from the
orient, with a supreme Justice at the
more important center, b onaginated th
Only we know that alt comes forth from
that; that la' everything, though n
words may describe that - ' 1 -.
"Then coming to the manifested uni
verse where ome knowledge is possible
sleeeeejeie
of Brahman la gradual; from the con
cealed gradually comes forth the manl
featatlon; from the hidden comes forth
the revealed. Everything comes forth
from and Is Himself, but He la hidden
beneath the phenomena, beneath name
and form. As salt In water In which it
ia dissolved, as Butter In the milk that U
brought forth by churning, so Brahmn
la concealed as the eelf of every crea
ture. Stage after stage. He unfoldi;
stage by stage. He manifeats; Hla qual
ity of Sat of pure exlatence comes forth
In the mineral kingdom, the unmovlng
creation where ' existence only can - be
shown; In the vegetable world, the un
folding life shows the beginning of
pleasure and pain, the germ of which
develops Into Ananda, or, bliss In - the
later stages of evolution; and in tho
animal world there Is shown forth also
the germ of Chit or mind, which is to
have Its later and fuller evolution" an-1
tn man trie germs are all partially man
ifested of Sat, Chit and Ananda, until
the end of Hie evolution Bat,. Chit and
Ananda, the Brahma, Vishnu and Siva
of the Trlmurtl are perfectly developed
in Him. Then He, being perfected, lt
Brahman, he haa become one."
All this' le wrought out by the alow
course of evolution; by birth after birth,
by death after death, by , that succes
sion of births and deaths which takes
place unceasingly In three worlds. The
lowest world la the world of our waking
consciousness, where man Is bom la ths
physloal body and gathere experience
by coming Into contact with material
objects;- then -through the gateway of
death he passee Into the - next world
and in a body aulted to that world ha
works out a part of the experience mad
upon earth; then in a third body, as
cending to the third world, he work
eut the fruits of others of his earthly
experiences. From here he returns to
the second world to the gateway or hi
birth, there to begin again his learning,
the frulta of which he assimilates In
the other worlde. - .
All this evolution praceeds under the
law of causation, each cause working
out Its due effect.- This is the law of
Karma that returns to. every man ex
actly the result of his sowing. ' So -he,
grow. Jiife after life, "being a creature
of reflectlone; what he reflects-on Id
this life h .becomes the same here
after;' , In thle way he climbs from
stage to stage with ever expanding con
sciousness. As he develops he expands
hla consciousness to embrace one world
after another. .. Consciousness expands,
embracing, each world In turn, until
man la the master and sovereign where
at first he was the child and the stu
dent - Then, rising yet higher, he come
back no more to enforced birth. He 1
beyond , the three worlds: and can pas
Into, expand Into the' Nlrvsnlo - eon-
H. H. D. PIERCE.
idea of on Judge, who should hold court
at th important treaty porta
At the coming session of congress
Senator Fulton will introduce a meas
ure to establish Jrk-.Chlna and Korea a
federal district court.
A history of Judicial authority for
American interests In' the orient Is of
especial Interest at this time. Review
ing the question Mr. Pelrce said:
"Our treaties with China, as wtth
certain other countries, provide for th
administration of Justice aa regards
American cltlsena under forms of law
assimilated to our own Judicial system.
sclousnesa, the all embracing, tha di
vine. "For Nirvana, far from being a
limitation of. consciousness. Is the per
fect expansion thereof." He now knows
, tfrat th, g" elf irf tht t-1"
his own self are one; be finds his goal,
he becomea Brahman; that which he
ever waa potentially he becomea active
ly and In realisation.
All this Is symbolised In the Trlmurtl,
thk Image of the Trinity as tha Chris
tian faith puts It ' Father. Son and
Holy Spirit, Vishnu, the second person
of the Trinity, the 8on. Incarnates in
human form Just as' in the Christian
faith. Shrl Krishna is one of theae In
carnations and Buddha, the founder of
Buddhism, la regarded by one third of
the human race- aa another.
Idols understood are idols trans
formed. They are pictures in wood of
religion: rabies in stone of profound
philosophies, parables of truth. . They
are the etory of the universe told to the
Illiterate In word of one syllable.
- Aw Vnlmportant KothsohUd.
"t Vance Thompson In Everybody's.)'
-fhe" Baron Thompson was a weak
ling: he wss unregarded in his lifetime;
th newspapers "said he died by his own
hand, butr his funeral served ' to Illus
trate the family magnificence and social
power. All traffic waa stopped-In the
main thoroughfares of the city through
which the procession passed. ' For hours
the. heart of Paris ceased to beat. Bus
iness ceaaed. Trams and 'buses - were
arrested. Hour after hour the long fu
neral 'Crept through the boulevards
while Parle looked on in wonder. - The
Sam Paris had seen th old poet, Victor
Hugo, borne to his KtaX In a pauper'a
cart Th dead baron went with medie
val pomp, though he waa but a nephew
of th house. Cam first three coaches
with the rabbis. Then- the hearee, with
great plumes. , drawn by el phi. horses
In sable cloths. Then the house 'ser
vants; butlers In ' white stockings;
ushers In gilt chains and-livery; valeU.
coachmen, footmen, atable lads, buglers,
masters of hounds and horses In pink:
guarda and " beaters of the preserves,
and, conspicuous, the huntsmen, lead
ing ' in leash the ' baron's favorite
hounds and the hounds leaped In leash
and bayed; followed, loo, his farmers
and the peasants of his fields; and with
all went the-family, and. In a mile of
-Carriages, the aristocracy ' of- France
paid homage; with such pomp the baron
was taken to his grave; and the earth
waa laid opon htm and he alepU-'.
Such anerdotee -are really documents
of tha social Ufa of the-epoch. ' ,
..- Seems Ouif Fair.
From the Indianapolis News. ! '
It almost make a man feel as If he
were entitled to some substsntlal politi
cal recognition when he learns that he
haa for years . been ' contributing;
through his Insurance company,. to the
campaign fund. . ,.
and extra : Tltorlal Judicial powers
hav been given to our consuls -in China,
who bold courts for tha administration
of Justice In th various consulates. Tho
federal statutes provide for these courts
under sections 408 and 4122. - Under
section 40SS an appeal was given to the
circuit court of tha district of Califor
nia from Judgments In civil cases ren
dered In th consular courts of China,
when tha matter In disput Involved a
sum In excess of $2,600. For sums
under 12.603 an appeal was to the min
ister In Peking. By th act of congress
March $.1891, section 4. th appellate
In a Nitro-Glyccrin Factory
From the ' New York ' Herald.
' A DAT with the nitro-glycerln
f makers In Hartford City. Indi
I ' ana, id nerve exhilarating. The
fumee from the acid tanks may
cut one's nostrils and stimulate the heart
to unusual activity, and the pungent
aroma from, Jlje chemicals may make
ones neaa acne to tne spurting point
but notwithstanding this there- Is a sort
of unusual risk that appeals to the
tenderfoot that is, after he haa figured
It out with mathematical precision, that
the chances are about one in a million
that the plant will be thrown out- of
operation In a hurry during hi atay.
There is a throb of gratitude, to the
power that be in the heart of tha tender
foot when he gets out of the danger belt
with hla body Intact i -
A new plant here le one of the latest In
the country. The new compressed air
appliances used In mixing the acids and
then mixing the acids with the glycerine
reduce the spectacular features of the
work. 'The' acids ar kept In Iron tanks
similar to those used by the Standard
Oil company In storage yarda. The acids
are forced from one tank into another
and are mixed by tha application of air
pressure. Then this mixed acid, which
throws off cloud of angry-looking
smoke through safety vents, is forced
through a long pipeline to a small, tower
like building. This to the nltee-glyceein.
hotiae itself.
In' thla building are mixing vats,
which are kept at a uniform tempera
ture of 60 degrees by th circulation of
brine forced from a refrigerating plant,
which passes in lead pipe around and
through the tank. The acid and
glycerine are fed in with precision and
mixed by gently , .moving automatlo
paddles. Care la exercised by the men
superintending this process, hut that;
care is not so painstaking as the on
looker would expect to find. i
When mixed the . liquid, which-looks
like moderately thick i molaesee of a
whitish brown color, ia drained off Into
storage tanks, 'and from the tank Is
drained Into 10-qunrt tin cans. '.
The liquid strikes the - bottom of
these cana wtth a thud that makee? one's
flesh creep, until one realise thst It Is
not such a fall as this, but a peculiar,
Jar or friction that causes trouble. As
the can fills the liquid makee a gurgling
sound that la not reassuring. Not1 a
drop of the explosive la permitted to
land outside the cans, and these cana
before being used are Inspected ' and
tested with water for leaks. A leaky
can. especially after "It la loaded Into,
a wagen for transportation, means a
loud report ' that awakes a county,
makes a great hole In the-scenery, and
wipes everything around out of ex
istence. - drop - et nltro-gl voerla - en
Jurisdiction was taken ' away-from th
l nlted Btate circuit courta, and no ap
peal frOm the Judgment Of th consular
coarts was provided for. . .
"Our i consular courts 'thus became
supreme courts for all' important civil
caaea and our statutes provide for no
authority of any branch of tha govern
ment over them. ' We hav. therefore, at
the present time, the strange anomaly
Of a court presided over by a . single
Judge .having supreme Jurisdiction in
civil cases In which tha aum In litigation-
exceeds 12,600. - while in. amaller
eae-an appealmay be taken to th
United 8 tales minister, who. In matters
relating to consular business, has au
thority over the consul; la-criminal
cases th statutes provide for an appeal
to the minister under conditions. Such
an extent of power-to be held by any
officer of th conaular servto was, of
course, never contemplated, "and " Is
wholly Inconsistent with tho system of
government and principles, and. as might
be expected, baa In more than on in
stance led to grave, abusea Th ques
tion now Is how best to remedy this
defect,,
Remedy Is Obvious.' . , ' - ,
. "The obvious remedy, - and the only
one, so far - as I can - discover, which
has ever been suggested to meet these
defects in our Judicial system In China
Is the establishment there of a circuit
court of th United States, and. after
careful study of th situation. I strongly
recommend such a course, and submit
th following In regard to It: .' ; ,
"That th legislative" authority amenj
the statutes so aa to provide- for the
establishment of a United States cir
cuit court for the trial of all civil and
criminal cases of American eittsens in
China and Korea, to be presided over by
a United Statea Judge appointed by the
president: that tenure of offic be for
not less than IS years, with a salary of
not less than $$.000 a year; th sittings
of the court to be held In Canton. Shang
hai. Tien tain and Seoul, tha Jurisdiction
of each court within th circuit. to be
adjuated so as to beat meet the facilities
of communication; that Justloe shall be
administered under the federal statutes
and the laws prescribed by congress for
tha administration of Justice In th Dis
trict of Columbia: except that In trial
by Jury a panel of five Jurors shall '.
sufficient; that th court shall ha?
Jurisdiction over all offenses committed
by American cltlsena In China : and
Korea except - misdemeanora. commit
ment being' made either by th court
itself or by th consular court, whloh
shall contlnu to exist, but only as a
minor court for th examination an!
commitment or discharge of prisoners
and for Jurisdiction in minor offense
and with final Jurisdiction in civil caewr
where the aum in litigation does, not
exceed $600. . ' ,
Triairby .Jury."..'1': '-'.'- " ."i
"Heretofore trial by.Juy In the con
sular ' courta has been Impracticable,
becaua In aome of th treaty ports in
which we have consulates the number of
resident American cltlsena haa been ln
auff latent to enable tha Impaneling of
a Jury. and. whll It might be difficult
to .obtain 'a panel or iz American jurors
In any of the portar named for "the sit
ting of the proposed court, there would
probably-to tro-dlffloulty In obtaining
a panel qi rive jurors, ano ms is . ns
provision of th British law establish
Ing the British supreme court at Shang
hai. '.. - - '
Tn- addition to the reasons enu
merated for the establishment of a cir
cuit court of th United 8tates, th fol
lowing considerations hav an Impor
tant bearing on tha subject. At the
present time none of our consuls are
trained lawyers, nor would it be likely
that, at th rat of compensation now
provided for these offices, trained law
yers of real ability would be willing to
go to China and abandon the practice
of their profession In the unitea states
to tak these positions.
"But In any event, th duties of the
consul In relation to the interest of
our government In China and all of
those other duties, which devolve upon
htm demand too large a share of his
time and attention to permit him to
exercise careful consideration of the
cases which com before him Judicially
In such manner as th proper adminis
tration of Justice requires. While, on
the floor would mean the same thing
when the friction of a foot was applied
to It .
The capacity of the Hartford city
plant Is about 6.000 quarts th ex
plosive a day, ' Nine thouaand quarts of
nitro-glycerln are a moving power. An
idea of Jt hat It will do may be gained
from the fact that the eafe-crackers
who uae It carry their eupply in vials
and Uae only a few drops In blasting
their way Into a safe. Th nitro
glycerin clinging to the sides of an
empty "can. If touched off. Is sufficient
to Jar a whole community. Therefore
as much care haa to be used with the
empty cans as with the filled ones.
Although the railroads deliver the
acids and glycerine to the factory in
carboys snd tanks they do not handle
the dangerous commodity which their
mixture produces. , - ,
The process by which the factory's ,
product reaches, the consumer Is more
Interesting than the process of mixing
the acids and the glycerine. Every
morning a doxen or so wagons are
backed up to the factory and the horses
are securely tied. These wagon a, have
long, shallow beds, and over theae beds
Is a heavy top bound down securely
by heavy Iron -bars held In place by
bolte and acrewa. Along the'sldes of
the bed runs the-warning "NltrO-glycer-In
Dangeroua," made the more con
splcuoua by use of red paint
.These are nltro-alcerln . frelcht
- Mwtf -
trainer- They are driven at a fast walk
across the country by courageous driv
ers, who have good, heavy horses. Each
wagon Is loaded with 0 quarts 0,
of the two and a half gallon cans
securely packed In padded compart
ments. The padding Is of felt and the'
rane fit Into the' compartments snugly.
When once there the cans have no play,
and they do not feel any vibration. Even
the bottoms and topa ar padded to
hold th cana firmly. 'Extra sensitive
spring under the wagon bed reduce the
Jar of th road. - ' , '
The-llauid in the cana which becomea
thin in hot weather and congeals rapidly
at a .temperature under "11 degrees,
swishes around some, but there Is no
danger in tbls transportation. If there
IB' no leaky can.' .
Of course, an unusual Jar will do the
business sometimes, but there are rec
ords of drivers going asleep and the
wagon being run off email cujvert and
up against rencee without bad .result.
There are also 'records of smaller wa
gons - upsetting, and tn one or two in
stances they , have been hit by eleetrie
and ateam trains. , It haa'not been three
years alnca a car at Alexandria burled
ita noae in a nitro-glycerln wagon, with,
damage only" to the car 'front and the
nervee of the people on the car, who
did -not know -what had happened until
the whole. In many eases our consul
hav administered a certain rouh-n-l-ready..
Justice In a spirit of common
sense, on the other hand there have
been many complaints on thla aenre
of th fallur of Juatlc In the consuls
courts, which, however, there xit
provision of law. as it now stamia, i
remedy, and' In aome cases ther can
be no doubt that ' consul hav taken
advantage of th situation to wield a
despotic authority eer "American cltl
sena In defiance or their rignia. ana in
other eases consuls have gone so far aa
to-adjudicate In affairs of subjects of
th emperor of China." -
System's Weakness.
Commercial lntereata "of th' American "
and oriental Pacific coasts hailed th
visit of Secretary Pel roe with greut
Joy. No doubt was felt that after an
official of such standing and grasp of -national
requirements had tnveattgated
tha oriental attuatlon th nation would
be arouaed to Immediate action. Hla
report met th - expectation of every on
and showed In unmistakable manner th
weaknesa of the present system, which
In practice doubtleaa. has no counter
part in any civilised nation of th world
that haa - anything but an absolute
ruler. But the first session of congress
following th report passed without th
recommendation being enacted into law
and American cltlsena of the orient be
came apprebenalv that they wer to
be left struggling wtth present condi
tions Indefinitely. . .
In view of this prospect soma of tha
leading American - business men of ;
China hav, volunteered to aid In th
good work. They are ready to spend
their own money In th campaign. tt
con vine congressmen of th necessity
of improvement. 'J. H Brown,' on of
th leading American merchanta and '
business men in Peking; Shanghai and
Tientsin, who also has property in
Portland, la taking the - lead in th
struggle to align commercial Interests
In behalf of th measure which Secre
tary pelrce tuts outlined.
. Mr. . Brown . reached Portland some
time ago, sine when he haa placed th
matter before local and other western
commercial bodies and has interviewed
a large number of leading 'merchants
doing an export business to th orient.
Hi campaign will soon be extended to
th east, wher h win conrer wun
Secretary Pelrc. , Senator;- Fulton and
others that the proposed measure msy
be-brought to the attention of commer
cial Interests. His work is at his ows
expense, on his own time and is, betni -carried
out with . tha grim purpose of
an American who Is aroused by a crisis.
which term th situation merits, ac
cording to his words: .( .
Northwest Takes Y Hand.
"America's commercial Interests can
not permit the splendid work of Assist-,
ant secretary -or Ktate t-eirco io ran
without results. The visit of this offi
cial was all that we Tiskear-eHvtnr
hls statement would move our nation
as a unit to correct th abuses exist
ing In tn orient under American rule.
But w hav begun to fear that even
thi ringing rebuk will not be heeded.
W muat act Every merchant on th
Paclflo knows th terrible - handicap
under which Americana labor in th
orient. The-nation muat know it since
an official of Mr. Pelrce . prominence
has reported it fully.' , -
I, . 11 ,W AalAn. I. lll.tIM
and tha same fair opportunity that Is
given others.- Under 'fJresent systems
this cannot be had. W can make no
progress when ther in so much uncer
tainty In Judicial affairs.,. W .will
never be able to do business . ther on
any successful seal until w correct
these evils. All w ask as a remedial
measure now is establishment of a cir
cuit or district federal court, with ex
tra territorial Jurisdiction for ajl Amer
ican interests In th orient. I am hope
lessly unable to see why any American
legislators should hesitate to grant us
this right, a. it haa been granted by
the British to their subjects for years.
"I hop vry one will study Mr
Peirce's report. He 'places the facts In
such clear. Impartial light that . tbey
cannot be mistaken, and even a boy can
appreciate after reading It that Amer
ica is maintaining lii th orient a most
unjust and destructive principle of ad
judicating legal questions regarding
property of her subjects and their per
sonal liberty." .
It was all over. ! Then they became vic
tims of nervous prostration.
Theae freight wagons ply between the
factory and the local magaslnes, which
fields where drilling Is going on. The
Lmjigaslnea are generally hidden In a
forest and are covered over: with "dan
ger" signs. They muat be at least two
miles from a town and half a mile from
the nearest house. The interior le lined
with shelves and tn the center le an oil
atove, which le kept burning night and
day In fall and winter to keep the tem
perature above the freezing point The
freight wagons are unloaded at these
magaxtnes and the stock there la turned
over to the "shooter." becoming bis sup
ply to draw on In shooting oil and gae
wells. . v
- Few Suicides Asaong ?oor, '
"Christian" In New York Sun.
In my 60 . yeara of business life I
have employed thousands of poor mert
from Maine to Virginia men who suf
fered Ills of tha flesh, hard knocks of
poverty and brulslngs of the , spirit. I
have seen men whose lives had no light,
whose careers offered, apparently, noth
ing but unhapplnese and sorrow. Yet
of th thousands of men In such cases
that I have known only one committed
eulclde. .
On the other hand I remember that
the , successful man who built up the
largest American steamship line In the
'United States, the head of another In
fluential American steamship line, th
head of the oldest house connected with
the American sailing vessels, whose
name la known to all old-time shipping
merchants, committed suicide. In
Brooklyn the owner of the largest ware
house, and in Wall street the president
of a bank. In the freighting business a
prominent broker, a member of tha pro
duce exchange, one of the members of
our largest sugar refining companies,
related to the heada of the company,
also killed themselves e -
Aa no scandal waa attached to these
men and they had no business trouble,
and they led active, honorable careers,
loved by their famine, with everything '
to live for, some of them being members
of churches, I wonder what ld them
to self-destruction, when miserable
wretches whoa every moment I pnt
In suffering are so tenacious of life!
Xobo BiAea oa Flyer.
From an Altoona, Pa., Dispatch.
Harry Jeffrie, a dirty, ragged Ne
York -fcoho, boarded the Pennsylvania
special, the ll:bour flyer, unobserved ,t
Harrlsburg on Sunday evening snd lo..
a seat in ene of the velvet chair l i
the drawing-room.
"Dead broke." he toM the eondn-ior,
when a demand for his ticket
The train could not st-'l'l"-! ' !'
him 'Off, so he w lirotis'it Al"i
and turne.1 over t' t'" f "
sentenced to J d,0 l J"' '""W
merning. . . . .
-
X
.--1 ,L , r
: :...f