THE CrGOII CUKDAY JCUIIIIAL PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 8, 1805.
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A T7 A Fl A Dead or Alive, They. Arc Important Factors clL
the Far Horth-Dcplacinj Dogs in'Trafisporkt::::.
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I 1 EINDEER In northern Alaska
f LI " draw prospectors over the
' la. frozen anow, pack, hla outfits
- ., . in in summer trips, glv him
milk to drink and for th manufac
ture of butter and Insure a constant
supply mt fresh meat. More -than the
. aauuy Malamute dog eved did, or the
- 'weary- jnorse met was being) dragged
from bis natural noma in the south.
: reindeer- are being round the boon com
panlon of the daring miner when pene-
. ' Iratlng to the Arctlo circle and beyond.
- The Idea of using reindeer "waa a joke
for Ion time. Pr. Sheldon Jackson
' conceived the , spectacular Idea, of the
government buying- band of reindeer
. from the Laplanders of northern Bcau-
- atnavta and ruahlng them Into northern
' Alaska to aid mineral development. Out-
, rageoua prices were paid for the ani
mals, which- .waa charged to the ered-
ullty or other weakneaa of the enter
prising divine and when the reindeer
, . were first delivered, they had been given
. auch a drubbing that they were unfit
for anything. The government' project
- waa 'not given up beeause of reverse
Arrangements were made for keeping
; the animals far over on the Bering sea
coast, where the oil mat aeemed admir
ably adapted. The herd waa nuraed
through early trials, until H la now of
.'. sufficient else that the animals may be
, distributed la limited numbers to the
', miners.
Wherever a, miner, baa) tried the rein-
.deer, either summer or winter, he quits
both dog and horse and Invests hla
transportation funds in ail the reindeer
he can aecure. As the work is lust
being put through experimental stages,
i. all of the reindeer needed cannot be fur
nlshed yet, but assurance Is given that
, within a short time ' this - picturesque
animal friend of the poor . Lapp In
" ' northern Attn will be the Indispensable
- companion of the northern Alaska, pros
' pector and miner.
One. reindeer-will draw aver frosen
snow more than 800 pounds, which is a
burden for a good little team of dogs;
be will also draw a man In a lightly
-' constructed sledge 10 miles In a, day.
." and at the end of the swift journey make
." hla meal upon lichen and mess, which he
-r- himself will gather from the forbidding
tundra. In the summer - the 1 reindeer
will pack (0 to 7 pounda as far ss the
prospector cares to walk, feed himself
bountifully, thread the worst quagmires
. and climb the steepest bills. Females
, are good milch animals, replenish rapidly
".' ' and make willing companions on the
long Journeys of more robust males. In
a. rough country such an animal will
do more than a horse and weather the
- - worst conditions climate or topography
' ' can place before the animal kingdom. .
Sine the ridicule heaped upon Dr.
. Sheldon Jackson's prety theories gave
the reindeer enterprise a black eye, little
- has been heard of the Lapp stock taken
to Alaska. Many persona believed that
the imported reindeer had disappeared,
. but the government has persisted In Its
. work. The educational bureau of the
Interior department had - charge, and
under the guise' of helping the natives,
' continued the expenditure, with the pur
poae of Increasing the small herd to
such strength as would make It w.
Tnercial factor. Unalalcleet, on thrBer
ing sea coast, was the breeding ground
chosen. Hero the Lapp herd has been
- propagated until the officials'' feet that
, mey can commence sparing ins maiea.
and many ox mem nave oeen soia to in
miners, the usual price being f 0 a stag.
i ' I ' Another breeding station - baa been
opnd- at Bettlea on the Koyukuk, by
t. W. Cram, and he had Dr. C O. Linn
drive herd from Cnalakleet to this place.
T which Is In the vicinity of mining opera
"A lions' to the seat and southeast of the
Nome country and on northern tributa
ries of the Yukon.. This herd -consisted
of 304 animals, of which only 40 were
males. The . females will not be sold,
as it la the purpose to Increase the herd
rapidly as possible, bat whenever there
Is a surplus of males, sales are mad
to any one needing such animals, - v.
, i The drive across country was one ot
the very best testgthat could, be given
the hardy Arctlo animals. ' Dr. Linn,
who Is a superintendent of the service,
had with him three Finland herders, on
' ' Lapland driver, two native guides and
' ona native from the station at Unalakleet
Commencing the Journey November 10,
of last year, which ts dead winter on the
- far north coast, the party conducted th
ORIENTAL C0MAGE SYSTEM A MESS
H ' . I
. ROBABLT the most complicated
monetary ytem In th world is
that ' of th countries comprls-
ng-the-far east
' . Th most general , monetary unit In
use In tb east Is th Mexican silver
peso, or dollar. It la du to th Urge
. amount of silver produced by that
country, Xa th early days of discovery
- and exploration . lit China, India and
other - eastern' countries, when a ' me
dium of xchang became necessary, th
silver of Mexico was found very d-
slrabl. It was convenient to ship- It
across th Paclflo as coined dollars, and
arrived at ita destination In a form In
which It could readily b. uad In ax
change.. . This was th' cause of It
adoption, and it hag never been ' de
throned. 1 Although such shipments
. hav now practically ceased. It I still
' th prevailing currenoy, and many Max
' loan peso are coined In countries where
they are to be used and never see Mex
ico at all. In fact, th term - "Mexi
can currency" la now applied to almost
' all the silver circulating there, though
th coins may show no reference to
.that republic . Tfal monay passe at
Its current worth a silver, and many
. . coin haya no valu stamped upon their
faces, t . ':v, M ....
. Th Mexican currency Is on the decl
' trial basis, and th peso I supplemented
by silver coins; the media peso, or bait
dollar: th peseta, 20-eent piece, and th
media peseta, or. 10-cent piece, -'
- ' Th least valuable coin, which corre.
, sponds to our l-cent piece, Is th brons
' or copper quarto, eight of which equal
. the valu of a madia peseta. Subsidiary
, coins of avary conceivable kind pas at
par throughout , th island. ,. Silver
: pieces issued by provisoes of China,
' with their value stamped upon them a
- one mac and 80 eandareene, being of
sliver and the proper else, pas ss peso-
- .tag, and a similar coin half as large is
, accepted aa a media peseta. Although
these Chinese coin are current In the
" Philippines and in Shanghai, they will
not be accepted In Hongkong. - ,
- -Th fee valu of th quarto, or cop
per pieces. Is about th asm a theli
Intrinsic valu a copper. They assume
"MT every form, from th l-cent piece of the
Straits Settlements and Hongkong to
the rough, unstamped copper disks
- Which are pounded out of aatlv copper
V . by th hammers . of ' th Igorrot of
northern Luson. . .' .
t When American gold and paper cur-.-
. rency arrived in the Philippines It wss
... recognised ss of superior valu by th
Chinese money-changers, while the na-
lives were unable . to appreciate Its
. worth or understand Its relation to th
mongrel currency to which they wr
I ' '
reindeer by way of the Buekland river,
Selawlk, Kobuk, Allatna ' and : thence
down that stream to the Koyukuk. After
reaching the latter, th drive . was 70
miles up stream to Battles, which ts to
be . made a. breeding station for som
time. The total distance traveled waa
700 miles, and it was made in 61 days.
Across the wilds of this bleakest and
moat desolate of all parts of the world,
much of the time when unbroken night
prevailed,' depending upon the country
for food for the animals, and the party
living upon the herd, this little Journey
was one of the most unique undertaken
by. any American No maps are avail
able of this region, for it Js unknown
to man and beast when winter sets In,
and the aummers are too fleeting for
more than tba most hasty glimpse ot an
explorer. But. Dr. .Linn cams through
without any trouble, conducting hm herd
to the new station with scascely any
loss, and haa the work -of' propagation
well under way. No better test could be
made of th serviceability of ths rein
deer than such a Journey. Dogs would
have been Impossible, as the animals
could not have drawn enough food over
that route to feed themselves to ths snd
of "the-Journyr Horse- of ' course --at
that season could not be thought of. as
they would - have - perished quickly.
Nethinr ibut-rthe-TInaeer could make
uch m trip, and by Imitating th cus
toms of th Laplanders In northern Eu-roBSL-AJld
Asia, ' the American official
demonstrated that, the wllda of Tny parti
of th frosen north are easily penetrated
In the winter If u reindeer 1 used
for th work.
L-After being Informed -of-th-sucees
attained by Dr. Linn In the long win
ter -Journey, miner were forced to eon
alder - the . new element - with greater
favor. They have been brought In as
close touch with th Settles breeding
station as possible, and It Is said that
th demand for reindeer 1 strong at all
time.. After , the government hss ex
tended th propagation work efficient
ly, female reindeer will be sold with th
male, so that tb people may learn to
foater th herds and build up th most
economlo and constant transportation
element known to ths Arctlo world.
Fawning season for the northern rein
deer being March and April, Dr. Linn
shaped hla trip so as to give th herd
he brought to Bettle plenty of time.
He oould have made the trip in nearly
half the period taken If he had cared
to press through without regard to the
condition of th females. Despite this
accustomed. A - a result. " th wily
money-changers were gathering in all
the American sold which made Ita an-
pea ranee and paying out th skiver ot
China In It stead. Th relatlv values
of tli two cuiienele eenstaatly fluo.
tuated,' and . the Chinamen took ad
vantag of th changing market.
Tne American soldiers, who were
paid in gold, war compelled to ex-
cnange it lor "Mex" to have money that
could be used In trsdlng with th na
tive. ; Th aalarlea of the civil govern
ment employee were on a gold basis, but
paid In "Mex." A clerk whose salary
waa stipulated to be 8100 gold might
receive 200 Mexican dollars this month
snd too next month. These 260 Mexican
dollars being paid in silver, it can be
Imagined that they, filled a good-stsed
bag and made a load for th hundred
dollar clrk t carry horn. v
This, waa no hardship:' aa the clerks
of the federal government and th sol
diers who wero paid in gold were com
pelled to change It for "Mex" to get it
In a form understood by th natives
with whom they dealt The gold was
then shipped to China for use In meet
ing foreign obligations. The govern
ment rate ot exchanger however, was
seldom th' same aa th commercial
rat. Th latter fluctuated dallye while
the former was fixed at long Intervals
by th governor. ; - --
Everybody became Involved In money
speculation, .whether he wiahed to do ao
or not. On never" knew, when he 'went
to . bed, ' how much money would be
worth In.th morning.-' ,.r
Th greatest objection to this system
was. ita lack of stability, but another
almoat as great was Us inoonvenlence.
Aalda from a few notes Issued by the
Spanish bank which were alway die
trusted the largest piece In circulation
was tb peso. While th valu of this
cola lit relation to gold was constantly
changing. It generally averaged about
40 cent. In other words, tb ratid-of
"Max' to gold ranged from about 100
to 100 to about 140 to 100, making the
value of a gold dollar II to $1.80 in
Mexican currency. 1
For flv year th government -pondered
over a remedy. At last on wa
proposed, embodied la tb Conant act
and paased by congress. . By this act
th archipelago was ' placed on a gold
basis,' ths standard being-a gold peso
with a constant valu in American
money of .60 cents, this valu being
guaranteed by th government. It wa
no simple matter to Introduce' this sys
tem and gain for It the confidence of
the native. Many difficulties arcs and
were squarely met, and tb reeult I a
tab) monay system. . . , -
Th gold peso. Is a theoretical valu
and ther are no gold coin in circula
tion. The peso In use Is s pretty silver
coin minted In th United States. It I
supplemented by half peso, pesetas, I
Lapps With Reindeer Team
lA Street Scene In Nome
Journey, and th fact that It terminated
only a month and a half before fawn-
tngitlma, thm Inrraaaa nt the Hettlea
herd' last spring was SO per cent, the
loss of young being but 10 per cent.
Th unprepared' condition of th sta
tion at Battles .was partly accountable
for th loss, as th management thought
no 111 effects whatever were to be noted
from th Journey alone. Th coming
spring 11 1 expected that th hard will
Increase about 19 per cant, when tb
government ahould have on hand . at
Bettle between 1.000 and 1,100 reindeer.
Th percentage of male will be main
tained at about on fifth of th total
herd, which will give several for sal
each year. The -government official
estimate that within Ave year th hard
should be sufficiently large to be turned
over to th people of th community.
when they will be distributed among the
miner at a nominal or at least fair
figure. At the end of five years there
hould be at th Bettle station, or such
other point as may be chosen during
that time for this herd, from SI,000 to
16,000 reindeer, which will be enough to
tock th entire northern part of Alaska
and supplant ail th dog teams that are
half pesetas, flv and on "cent pieces,
and even a half cent piece, the valu of
whloh la on quarter of that of our
smallest coin. ' i -
Th paper- currency, which I en
graved In tmerlra. Is 'lnUgrtttpur
treasury certificates, though the bills
are smaller than the ones In us In tb
United Statea and onsequently more
oonvenlent. - The denominations so far
issued are , I and 10-peso notes.
' Though tb eastern Chines money
changers are keen and ar seldom taken
In, many of them took the bills for
American money, when they first ap
peared. - Such a mistake could be made
but once bowever.
i' japan, aner going inrougn a cnaouo
alale is now on a gold basis, with the
gold yen, worth about 60 cents, as the
standard. Paper money and subsidiary
coins form, th currency In common
circulation. Th value of th yen I
mads permanent by government guar
antee. The decimal system Is used, the
yen being divided Into 100 sen.
. In China w find th most complicated
system of alL Each province, each large
city, every treaty porj, haa a system of
Its own-. Th money of on elty 1 die-
counted In another near by, and unless
th traveler Is wary and cautious,' he
will suffer. . , '
i Throughout th Interior of China th
only . money universally rcognUd 1
th "cash." These ar bras coin with
a square hole In th center. .They are
strung and carried around th neck. It
takes lit to make a Mexican dollar, or
40 'cent In American money. For a
trip up the Tang-tae river a young man
supplied himself with a large box of
caah, but they were xhaustd after the
econd day.
In Shanghai - and - ether Important
ports Mexican currency rules, Hong
kong haa a system of Its own In force
under th British nils, and a similar
currency supplied by the British for
th Strait Settlements. Dollars bear
ing the stamp of Mexico circulate free
ly along thi coaat Those of Hong
kong and Blngapore, however, are dls
oounted In Shanghai- and - vie versa.
although ths difference Is an almost Im
perceptible one In the milling of the
coin only. In Shanghai th dollars ar
stamped with th Chin "chop" or
trad mark of th banker. Thee ar
called "chopped" dollar, and ar gen
erally preferred, a th "chop" Is a
guarantee .of their quality. Ia Hong
kong, however, "chopped" coin ar die
counted and afterward refused, -
Throughout these silver using couih
tries there ar countless counterfeit
coins in circulation. . --
In all large transactions in China the
(aal 1 used, and each treaty port or
larg business community has a tael
of a different value. Th Halkwan tael
la th on used for utom throughout
4
.A :
Pboto by E. M. Cederberjh.
'1
1 j
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tiTWwtlMMiiil'ir nMtrwrn iu,r n . reit.jJT M f.;t.J
Photo by E. MrCederbtrgh.-
used by th American population.
Reindeer have peculiar capacity for
traveling over frosen snow, scaling
steep hills and "wading throughTnkrthy
land. Their broad hoofs have a deep
cleft, which Is pointed with sharp toes.
By digging bis spike-Ilk hoofs Into ths
1c and snow a reindeer will climb un
burdened where a goat would hesitate,
and draws his sledge er conveys a pack
up declivities - troubling -a - man to as
cend. In th summer tb broad hoof,
which Is expanded when treading wet
land, enables th animal, ta go through
marshes where miner say a'mosqulte
would mire. Th fortltud of th ani
mal 1 also wonderful, and nothing
among th quadruped la better domesti
cated. Among th Laplanders th herd
become a gentle a any horse, and the
transplanted stock In northern Alaska
brought with them the same domesti
cated qualities that mad them famous
In northern Europe and Asia.
In tb matter of feed, the reindeer I
of greatest worth to th north. Horses
become useless In this respect as soon
ss the scop of winter operations ex
tend beyond a feed aupply, and In th
summer do not gather buds from brush
th empire, . Its valu la about IL40
Mexican. j. ..-
-The currency of Slam la in 4h form
of llttl buttons with a small ay, aim
liar to shoe buttons. These are of sil
ver, the valu being determined by the
sis. Th largest is th "tloaV with a
valu In our money of about 80 cents.
TO Ceylon and India Britain has given
a stabls currency, with tb stiver rupee
as th standatd. .Tho .jvsiu of three
rtrpeew
I equal to that of ewe ef
dollars. In Ceylon th rupee la divided
into 100 eenta. In India it Is divided
Into 18 annas, on anna being equal to
an English penny. On th electric rail
way system of Calcutta or th bora
car line in Bombay on can rid a long
diatanc for two anna.
r .. giagy xrp to Data,: . :
- Th Norfolk (Va.) Landmark reflec
tions upon a colored preacher jaUed for
stealing chickens: , .
Tb breesy call of incense-breathing
i- '..' morn,,..' '.....-...
The foolish pullet fretting to be fed.
The cock's shrill clarion and th hen
forlorn-
, No longer rouse th parson from Lis
,- bed. . - 4
For him no more (for 80 days) . shall
' burn '
" Th biasing hearth, or housewife ply
hr car; .- ...
No children run to lisp their sir' re
turn. "
And help him hid th booty In jfU
w . lair., i
Let not McCurdy mock thi rural rail,
This pious theft ana relony obscure;
Nor Perkln note with disdainful smile
Tb short and slmpl graftur of u-t
poor. ... . ..
Insurance to bis eyes her ampl page. '
Rloh with th spoils of.tlmej did
n'r .unroll:
Cox stole but poultry and a vulgar eage
; Restricts th genial current of hi
soul .' -, :.
A village Hyde be, that with dauntless
Best '--.
Ths llttl chance of hla field m
' braeod; .';-
A bud-nipped Alexander here may rest
. A Cbauncy M a llttl lower placed.
Full many a magnate, caught a bit too
soon, ' . - .
The dark, unwholtvotno country lock-
' ups bear .,--.-
Full many a "financier" too roughly
hewn, - ' -.
. Who never got to be a mlllionalr, '
. Bras .book Xa Beet.
From 4h Cleveland Leader.
-.John, I simply must have another
gown."
'Tor what .occasion T" ' '
"Th new cook I coming tomorrow
snd I have nothing decent to receive
her in."
4.
4
., - , J.. I
" fc
Anothetlirnre plJrleindeer b
snd lichen from the. rock with th sest
hown by th reindeer. . Dog must be
fed on som meats carried with the
I party. Immense quantities of-
salmon
and other fish are caught each winter
for the dogs, and when a Journey with
dog- teams - 1a -.undertaken, t hla . con
stitutes a good part of th load. There
Is nothing on the broad reaches of
Alaskan tundras aav the ptarmigan
which will feed th dogs In winter, and
ths ptarmigan Is too uncertain of cap
ture to b relied upon. .
With tb reindeer, summer or winter
are- th earn. If snow I deep and th
aurfac frosen to loe, he dig through
with hi sharp hoofs, browses on herbage
where It la above the surface and sate
his meager appetite In a short time. In
the spring and summsr be fatten on
twigs and moss and may always be de
pended upon to sustain himself where
can can Uv and work.
- Dead, the reindeer Is th most valu
able of all th northern animals to
man. His flesh la prised as both nu
tritious and toothsome, hla akin Is th
moat enduring of all th clothing worn
in th Arctic son and there 1 no Ion
when alaughterlng the animals. In
GREATEST ?
ORD HOWARD DE ' WALDEN.
though he Is only 25, and haa
been rarely mentioned In the
newspapers, haa spent tb Isst
few vears of his life In dodging
t sttcmrx lur him. Intomatrlmonitl
For, by thus providing himself with a
country seat worthy to rank with ths
London palace wnlcn n own in xiet'
grave equare, this youthful peer baa
done the last thing necessary to make
himself preeminently the , greatest
"catch" In th world today, -
Besides possessing good looks, a his
toric sncestry, and that, rare thing in
youthful member of th British peerage.
an absolutely- clean reeord, -this -young
nobleman haa become one of the richest
men : In all Europe. He own hug
estates In Nottinghamshire and Ayr
shire, and It I now estimated that he
own more valuabl land In London than
th young Duke of Weatmlnater, who
alway haa been held to be th greateet
Of London landlords.
Lord Howard de WaMen's recently
acquired prominence I du partly to the
fact that his London possessions in
clude many acres In th Hempstead dis
trict; but It la th square mil ef real
estate that he own in the Marylebon
district that can be described . as . a
veritable Eldorado. Beside arlstocratld
Cavendish square, with its ducal man
sions, this aetata Include Harley atreet,
where ail th most eminent and fashion
able London doctor have their abiding
places, and a dosen more thoroughfare
whose names mean almost as much in
this country. From this property alone
th young bachelor's Income I between
81.000.000 and 11.609,000 a year. What
bis total income Is H -would b rash to
guess. . f; T-...
Besides being th eighth Baron How
ard d Walden, thi youthful peer 1
Baron Seaford. Moreover, be la "su
perior" of tb Scotch town of Kilmar
nock, a large sllc of which i Included
In his Ayrshire estate, this title being
equivalent to that of lord of the manor
tn England. He la a former lieutenant
Of th swagger Tenth regiment of Hub
sars.i with whom he went to th South i
African war. He Is one of the most
prominent, breeders of racehorses In
England. His steam yacht, ths High
waymrffCMs one of th finest afloat.
Perhaps, however, apart? Xrom hla vast
wealth, Hewsrd d Wslden-4s meat in
teresting as a "catch" on account of the
two superb mansions of which he 1 now
th proprietor.
The first of these, Seaford bouse. In I
Bel grave equare, now . disputes with
Stafford house, the magnificent resi
dence of th Dwke and Durhes of Suth
erland, the honor of ' being the finest
private reeldenoe In London. ' It was
bought by Howard d Walden In 1900,!
or about elx month after -the unex
pected death of his father changed th
emergencies a miner with two to six
reindeer la fortified against any condi
tion of want or inclemency of the
weather and also finds this trusty ani
mal the surest of air guides to a haven
on the broad reaches of snow.
For these and many-other reasons the
reindeer Is assured a permanent place
in Alaskan development. A the whites
become more familiar with the adapta
bility of the animal to the north the
prejudice excited by tb blunders com
mitted by the clergymen In the early
days of Importation and the unsavory
rumors regarding graft and deceit are
forgotten and the reindeer la coming
into general use. Many of the pros
pectors desiring to cross the country
from Nome lnte the Koyukuk and other
streams of that locality last spring took
reindeer for the Journey, arriving at
their destination before the snow dis
appeared and In readiness for the com
mencement of early work.
Reindeer are not foreign to Alaska
and northern America, although the
whites do not And there a domesticated
type of the species. The North Ameri
can reindeer was larger than. the tame
animal In northern Europe and seem
ingly had never been subjugated by
the natives. In the extreme northern
sections, where the wild herds were
large, Indiana wars wont to slaughter
vast numbers of thenvJCor food, depend
ing upon this, source more' than . the
ever-faithful aea. As the wild reindeer :
la not cautious, owing to his long .ca
reer of practical -seclusion, the Indians
had no difficulty In raiding the herds
and destroying and snaring hundreda at
a time, thus securing food for a tribe
throughout the winter. T
Since the Lapp specie ha been im
ported there has been much' discussion
regarding the poeelbillty of mixing the
- a
by E. M. Cederbergh.
species, giving to ths product greater
atse, equal merit as food and perhaps
raor fortitude, as it Is natural that the
I 4om,
com less hardy. This work will prob
ably be prosecuted to some extent by
th 'government and will follow as a
matter of course when the domeetlcated
animate begaa spreading throughout the
northern country.- Wild reindeer- In
Alaska are 4 said to be ' disappearing
rapidly, owing to the ravagea of the
Indian and whit hunters, with other
gam of that country, which 1 even
nor timid in tb progress of civilisa
tion than th gam of th temperate
son. - Unless the wild animals begin
mingling with : the . domeatlcated Lapp
stock final disappearance of the, abo
rigines ts expected, but students hope
that there will- be sufficient mingling to
preserve something of the type that
was able to exist for eenturtee in th
bleakest part of all tb world, v
Th history of domestic reindeer In
Alaaka Is Interesting, which Shows that
rapid progreaa Is being made In adapt
Ing the valuable animal to new condi
tions. Altogether about 1,000 reindeer
CATCii IN
young man, who had barely attained hla
majority, . from plain Thomas Evelyn
Ellis, Esq., to th holder of two baronies
and on of th richest nobleman in
Europ.
Th feature of the place I Its su
nb uiaibl staircase. ' 'Th Btoiis used
in its construction tones from palest
sea green - to deepest emerald and wa
brought from South Africa at great ex
pense. Th column of the staircase
ar of Mexican alabaster. Th painted
celling of Seaford house "are model of
artistic decoration, while the furniture
is entirely French. Even th smallest
fitting of th manalon are unique in
their way. Lord Howard de Walden'a
tudy- table,- for- Instance,- being orna
mented with feminine figures of solid
silver, each bearing a real aeashell,
through which electric lights throw a
soft... radiance. .. .. , .... . ;,r -
Perhaps 'the oddest thing about Aud
ley End," Howard-de Walden'a stately
new country seat, which he leases from
Lord Braybrooke. Is th fact that ths
guests he' entertains there have to go
downstairs instead of-upstairs to bed.
This Is accounted for by th fact that in
this old Tudor manalon the atate anart.
menu ar on tii aecond floor, wbll the
bedroom ar on th ground floor. The
ground ar vast and to look after them
and the flower bad Howard de Walden
employ 10 gardener, to ot whom con
fin their attentions to th bloom and
vegetable -which h raises under glass.
-The present manalon, which Is one
of the largest Tudor residences In this
country, was ..erected In the eighteenth
eentury by th first Lord Howard de
Walden. . PepyS waa entertained at Aud
ley End and there was a not in hi
diary a to th excellence of the wine
he imbibed there. The picture gallery,
too, I famoua. Oddly enough, however,
the plac. which has been mad lux
uriously modern In every ether respect,
baa one most remarkable defect, whlcn
aa yet no step hav been taken to rem
edy. It contains neither gas nor elec
tricity, and when its young owner en
tertains there th manalon haa to be
lighted by mean of 1(0 oil lamps.
With two such- establlahmenta, not to
mention a few millions, at her command,
the future Lady da Walden ought to be
fairly contented. In, addition, however,
ah will probably on day com Into
about th finest collection of Jewelry
in this country. This now Is ths prop
erty of Howard de Walden's mother;
who Is Lady Ludlow by her second mar
riage and la on of th handsomest
women In the land. She It Is Who enter
tains for him whenever there Is a big
party at lthr Seaford house or Audley
End, and a moat charming chatelaine
ah make Her ladyship, who wa
Blanche Hoi den before she married th-i
late Lord Howard de Walden. did not
hav an especially happy time wltb that
have been delivered there from fib.
and nearly 100 of the Laplnn.l ;
were saved from the' disastrous r
expedition of 1817 to th Tukon mine. -Slpc
then the herd have been (low
ing steadily, and In 10J It wm e- i
mated tliat there was a total of 1.0.
of the domesticated breed. These v.i
scattered -among. numeroua . coast st.i
tlons, the big Battles station estab
lished last winter ,belng the first im
portant one, opened far toward the In
terior. From this ttms on the her.'i
will Increase far more rapidly, and n
Is regarded a conservative estimate li
say that the growth will be at least -)
per cent annually. , Experts who have
visited the Interior of Alaska say that
10.000.000 reindeer could be auntalneit
there comfortably, whloh would not
Only make Alaska a paradise of the
Arctic, but the source of great profit
to the United Statea for meat. They
live on the moss like cattle of th tem
perate cone do on grass, and the surpiv
of ths former in the northern country
ts ss sure as grasa on the western
ran res. It is said that at least 400.ii"
square miles of barren tuodra exists
In Alaska, en which horse, sheep, cow
nor goat can find sustenance, but where
th reindeer thrive. ; .
Tb movement to stock Alaska wtih
reindeer began in 1801. by Dr. Sheldon
Jaoksoo. He reellsd-4h-eeeslly--f -
feeding the natives, of which mere
were about 20.000 In bis Jurisdiction as
agent of the educational department of
the government. Whales, walrua ami
aeal were being destroyed and driven
farther north, so that the hapless Es
kimo waa forced to dire straits In msny
places for winter food. In 181 l)v.
Jackson took the matter up with con
gress: but that body, did not take to
the. Idea kindly, and the work devolved
upon private Individuals. As an ex
periment, 2,000 was placed at Dr. Jark
son's disposal to secure Siberian rein
deer, when the first few deer were
brought over. -They were secured from
th natives of northern Siberia, who are
famed for their reindeer herds, and who.
in -. contrast . wltb .the natives on that
opposite side-of tb ocean- neck in
Alaska, were enjoying every comfort
tne Arctic afforded. . i'T. ,
Much difficulty was experienced in
securing the animals required, owing
to .th superstition of the Siberians re
garding the aale ot reindeer. By 1894
congress had been impressed with the
results attained and that year appro
priated 18,000 for continuing the Im
portation. The first Importations wero
from the Chuckchee" herds, the animals
being, tougb but not ao large as those
of more easterly situated tribes, known
as tb Tunruse. Later the latter were
also secured In considerable numbers.
Ths annual appropriations by Congress
for the . work are aa followa: 1894
$,00ft.. 1898 and 1894 87.600 a year,
1887 to 1899. inclusive. 811.400 a year.
and from 1900 to 1908, Inclusive. 825,-
000- -ar-year. . r :
Th Lapland Importation was In 18JT,
at the time of the government's attempt
tu t. mt luaon miners, wno
needed no help In thlsreepeoW- Dr..
Jackson at that time purchased 628
animals In Lapland and delivered most
of the herd at the head of Lynn canal
preparation for such work, conaumotlon
of th reindeer moss supply and other
cause about 820 -of - the herd died
before much could b done with them.'
After the "relief expedition waa aban
doned, the 200 Lapp reindeer were dis
tributed among the " government sta
tions on the coast and ' have been
mingled with the new breed that la
being developed In that country.
Many believe that cone bat the Lap
lander can ever teaoh a reindeer any
useful Information, but the Eskimo
of 'northern Alaaka la said to become
a rather apt herder and reindeer driver.
Many Laplander' have continued to re
side in Alaaka. several becoming rich
at th time of tb Nome gold excite
ment. - Their educational work among
th natives and the Increasing efficiency
k me wnue men will finally develop
Into a - good result aa In Lapland,
whan th reindeer herds of Alaaka are
expected to propagate with far greater
rapidity and th animal may become
th eource of a profitable export.
THE WORLD
nobleman In fact, ah secured a legal
separation from him immediately after
their aon waa born. But shs snd th
present Howard de Walden are devote 1
to each other, and before her matTlaga,
to Lord, Ludlow, ' two year ago, thov
uaed ta b aeea continually dialog or
lunching together at th beat restau
rants, where strangers generally took
them for brother and sister.
, - Where th Sea Disappears.
From th Philadelphia Bulletin.
A Philadelphia girl was recently over
taken and drowned by th Incoming tld
on the weat coaat mf France. A inm.
planted-Breton said, of this fatality: -
-o you. wno see your own tide
crawl In at the rate of 10 feet or o
aa hour, imagln tide racing Ilk wild
whit horse up th flat sands at th
rate of half a mil a minuter
"The extraordinary flatness of our
Breton coasts gives us these phenomenal
tides, , The sea does not rise and fall.
It appear and disappears. Tou have a
vaat and flat plain of sand. At a set
hour ths sea rushes In, white, wild,
submerging this vaat plain. At a set
hour an unseen hand sucks back the
waters back 80, 40, to miles and notli
tna is visible but th nlln r,f
again. , . ' ,
"Wo upto such as walk on this deso
late nlaln. eritan Ihm iu ... -i..
for they must drown. Nothng can save
them."
Salt Money.'
. From" the Philadelphia Bulletin.
""When way a man I not worth
hla salt," said th philologist, "we u
an interesting and classio form of
speech. We go all the way back, in
fact, to the tim of tb ancient Ro
mans. "Th Romin Workers In th alt mlii
wer paid In salt The aalt they got
In return for their labors was railed
their aalarium (sal aalt). or salt al
lowance .- . , ;
"Th word aaJarium. meaning aalt
monay or allowance for salt, later on
wa applied to th fee or tloa men a i
for odd Job. ' Tor patching my tog J
th noble eald. will flv that fallow a
alight salarlumi a bit of money to buy
salt wlth-Wt. ..
. "Finally "aalarium earn to m
wages, salary, whet It does to.lay. A
salary Is, essentially, salt money, a. I
when we say a man la sot worth his
salt w mean he 1 nut worm pnyli.g
wage to,"
Deewat Bvpece, to ao tVirrry.
From th Jfiroofciy,, Uni.m
Mr. Rockefeller still rfi" t
good fellow, even to tn
Issuing hsrd-lme piellrti
benefit of tbe bears.