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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (April 3, 1905)
. the joszcon' daily : j6xji::iai; c2tul:id; r vfj AND DIES SELF-BUILT PYRE Atd. Woman -Makes Methodical ; Preparations for I Awful Form' of Suicide.' 7CUND AMONG EMBERS BY SEARCHING HVfSBAND .-f t: t-Wotto C." Hammers of Orient at Last Suoceds in De straying Herself. -T'Kvy ' Aged Otto C. Hammer,' who lives near Orient. Mvtn mile, beyond Oreabam, started to March for bis wife yesterday 'morning, and U tit tartan tumbled . over tba smoldering am bar of a, fire. Among the aabea ho found th charred , body of a woman who wa era mated aa tha result of bar afforU at aelf-destruo-' tlon. . . " ' " . . ' '' " fib aroaa from bar chair In (h night Without awaking her husband and left Aha room. Har huaband bad retired, but 'aba remained up, declaring that aba de .vlred to reed, Waiting until eonTlnoad that ha waa aleeplag eonndly. tha evi dence Indicates that aha gathered a bun Idle of papara and magaxlnee and found a ' can of kerosene. .- Lawvlng tha door slightly ajar, aba went Into tha garden and there built bar funeral pyre. She placed tha papara and magaainae la position and heaped on top 'Quantities of rubbish. Than ana saiu rated tha pile with keroaena Batting It afire, aha watched the flames until they climbed high above the neap, ana tnen threw herself upon them. When found she bad bean dead soma hours. :i . Later In tha night tha old man'a eon, who had attended a dene, returned and knocked. Hammers aroaa to open -thai door, and noticed at the time that the rear door was ajar. Ha thought nothing of it nor of hla wife's absence, for aha had long bean demented and frequently departed - unexpectedly . and -remained away for indefinite period. - Neighbors were called and tba coro ner's off loo notified., Peputy Coroner A. L. Flniey responded and investigated the circumstances. It waa apparent that the woman died aa tha result of bar own ef forts, and no inquest will be bald. For many years aha had been mentally un balanced, and is said to have made pre vious attempts to end her Ufe. -' - Her marriage with Hammers was her second one, and waa celebrated 11 years ago, since when they had a farm near Orient. She waa deserted by har first huaband at 8aa Francisco, aad Is said to have attempted to and her life la a bath house, but waa rescued. , Tha remains were left by tha coroner at tha residence of her husband and ware taken In charge by Hamilton, tne unaer. taker at Greaham. Funeral services will be bald at that place.,.;--. y .;- SAN DOMINGO ACCEPTS ' ; - AMERICAN AGREEMENT i.,.; f i , , a ,i . v.. .- ..'..y.1. ; ' ' (laaraal SoerUl gervlee.1 A . W Washington. April 1 Minister Daw son today cabled tha atau department that Santo Domingo had accepted ui modus vivandi with the United States, and that President Morales bad issued a decree putting it Into affeot April 1. STILL NEGOTIATE TO SECURE PEACE Despite Denials, Efforts Are Still Being. Made by Govern ments to End War. . : JEWISH MOB FIRED ON ; v BY TROOPS IN WARSAW Five Workmen Killed land Forty 'Wounded in Riot at Jail Doors Sunday 1 The Animated Jap 'H u Art jEitin doll ; b Itfsnugglest ' caresses., ; ,V,ro;V Y :ma!s bosomvor Papks j)card . It pantomimes convulsing x laughter It oats Voiir face. ! T ,V It ; wipes the tears' out of its 'own eyes. It uses anapkin ! V It falls asleep arid rumples. v , , The mechanism? Nonel We xan't tel you the secret in print iYoi? riiustsee; the irriated Jap to appreciate tHcdearlitUethirigl; IfoxUde shairie 16 try tq tell you how it works. When youjsee it, youll fall in love with' itV And the : ' it How ; theyll ' open their eyes with wonder, and ; their mouths with; joy ! ; To them; the Ani mated Jap, the Acting DollJBaby will be the reallest little trcature they ever-knew, that wasn't real flesh and blood. 1 -Anldr say" wdll let you into part of the se-aret-rit really-is partly allvjr f Qur latest ; importation the Animated J ap, ; while they last, each . . 'e ; e aSmaw You can buy it only at Woodard, Clarke & Co. BEAUTIFUL BRISTLE BRUSHES Ask to aaa the loaf aaevea and Shsrt aaarea, with riveted back, " making tha strongest and moat beautiful Brash there la. Tha Kent a made in London. It's kle-h-nrloed. but a dandy. Another high-priced beauty Is tha Adasma. A flttle more moderate. In price, and posalbly tha bast value for tba money, Is the Willis, with solid back aad flneat iruality of bristles.- Bee Oar Mew laaa of Shear Brashes. -vrvv ', ESSENTIAL OILS " 1 "-. - Vadnntad aad TJaadiUvaiaaja Tiae te net sTaaas. ; Oil of Sassafras ,..ror Owaoa 164 ! Oil of Wlntergreen , .Je Oaao 25 i ,,....! rom motss.' Oil of Cinnamon Ol of White Cedar. LAvander and pennyroyal ' , . OTM'S CXUmBATSB raTAmstaOanTTIOAU. s)se 2S 15a 2ff :,rr 1 i 7i' Wa Carry the Oampiaaa Una. , SPRUCE GUM , Ham ember bow II 'used to tasta when yon ware yonngT Tba flavor of tha woods. No manufactured tnrpenUne concoction, tasting like varnish, but tha Umgus satisfying fragranoa that you loved to breathe Into your system. ' Wa have tt picked right from the trees u the auuna woods. and shinned in air-Ugbt, sealed packages. , introduoa it wholesale price, par ounce, only. i toe auuna wooaa, . aa 3ust arrived. , To : ' qQ Chicken Cock Bourbon Whiskey r $f:. Bottled la bond at tha distillery in .tha ' presence of officers of tha internal reve nue. Its age. parity, full strength and full measure are gaarknteed by tha V. R. itovernment stamp, over tha eork of the bottle. We are introducing It at tba foU lowing special prices ...... j , - Par bottle (flftha). .....fl.lft. Par fUsk-pinu) ....M..7Sa .. Par flask (la loU ......404 Woodar&LQarke & Q. London. April . The Birmingham Post inalsU that, despite denials, nego tiations for neaoa Preliminaries , neve been proceeding genuinely for the past few days. , The paper declares mai tne British and French governments have been acting upon tha knowledge that theaa ncaotlationa are la progress, and they have been conducted with tha full knowledge and consent of both Russia and Japan., Neither Russia nor japan so far baa sent any direct communica tion to the other.. What baa happened waa at tha lolnt request of Great Brit ain and Prance, with tha friendly sup port of America. ; ; JEWS ARE KILLED. -Attack- fan and -Are--aa ,990m by Baaslaa Troopa a Waasaw. . " .' (Jesraal SakcUl garvtea.) ' Wariaw, Aprtl .A thousand Jewish SoclalisU assembled yesterday - before tha mala prison and demanded tba body of a Jewish labor leader who bad died during-, tha night. Their demand was refused and tha men stormed the prison, carrying tha outer entrance. Troops ware immediately caJlad for and tha mob fired oa and dispersed. Five wer killed and 4f Injured, Mora than It arrests ware made, ,: . v- . Following .tba .riot proclamations ap peared throughout tha city calling upon tha people to rise and exterminate the tyrant government - that ; murdered WorUngmen." r - During the night five bombs- war (brown but little damage dona, . MURDERER CONFESSES . ' - '. "! .T'r (Continued from Page One.) ; hag expressed hla wlUlngnaaa to return to Portland with, the .officer without requisition papara: A doctor will accom pany them. , TRIED TO KILL RIVAL, lived a t;o;mi AFTK v ARI7AS TCat(0fF John Fart,. Victim of Terrible Ac 'eldest, Diet at Good Sa ; ; maritan HospitaL , t ' Jphn'Farr, whose left -arm was torn from the shoulder In a sawmill aooident at Nawberg. March , died yesterday morning at tha aood Samaritan hospital. A brother was at tha bedside when the nd came. , .,; , c-i ... , Farr shocking injuries were caused by the-breaking of a chala in tha mill of the K. C, Bpauldlng- Lumber com Pany, . The accident paralysed - Far from bis neckvdowa, and for several weeks ha was not told that his arm -was off.- Be was taken to tba - hospital March 11, (,,) .-.;' .-'.. Th body wUl be sblppdd to Newberg today, and it la expected that the funeral services will be bald tomorrow. JFarr lived af Nawberg with bis mother and Blece. , Two brothera, B. B. and H. O. Fair. . reside In this elty. - Just two weeks before the accident Farr Joined the Maccabees; be waa alas a member of tha Woodman of tha World, who, ne doubt, will have char re of tha funeral services. Farr was tl years aid -and single. .- '... ; .; ?, HITCIIEll IS FIRST (Continued from Page Ona) pie who represent them at Washington are innocent or guilty, "How long shall you remain in Port- lanar Oolesa Via tMooa TaatedaF Walla . POUcsaiaa Wsra ataattaa; Baa, - . . For two days John Furey, bartender for "BUly" White, at 41 North Fourth Street, kept In seclusion to avoid being killed by Coleman. He had ona 00U la- Ion with, tha murderer of Edna Hoff man, leaving tha marks of bis Angara an Coleman's face. " Twice the Inaanoly Jealous man triad to break into- Furey'g room to kill htm. , .. , Furey bad known Bona Hoffman tor about ir years. . Whoa she reached Port' land a month ago from Spokane aba waa almost penniless and was given a room over tha ran saloon ny TJiiiy Brown. She bad been la the habit of going to breakfast with Furey. 1 Learning this. Coleman, who followed tba woman bare, became madly Jealous. - Walking into White's saloon Friday night. Coleman began quarreling with Furey and finally assaulted bun. About 11 o'clock that night Coleman tried to break into Fu ray's bedroom, lo cated over tha aalooivaad again at 4 o'clock Saturday morning, after murder Ing Edna Hoffman. ' Ha waa In Portland all day yesterday, leaving oa tha 11:4S o'clock train laa night. One yester day afternoon, with every detective In Portland oa his trail, be walked into White's saloon aad Inquired for Furey. By Ui advice of his friends Furey had quit, work temporarily and waa staying at the hoase of a friend, as It was feared Coleman would shoot him while be was an the street '- Tba murderer and Edna Hoffman bad been aaaooiatee for the last two years. He conducted gambling houses at Spo kane and in tba Kootenay country, where he still owns valuable mining property. Much of hla property waa squandered by himself and the woman. , The dead woman has a, brother In Kentucky, and" her mother and ana sister at "Los Angeles, Cal. -A Jury will be Impaneled by Deputy Coroner Arthur L. Flniey to bold aa Inquest over 'the body of the murdered woman at 4 o'alock this afternoon. r FOUR REVERSALS OF DECISIONS ARE MADE Supreme Court at Salerri Acts j ; ;on Opinions of Lower ' 'r. st : . Tribunals. V ., ,: .' (Special Diepatt-a te Tas Joaraal.) - ; Salem, -April 1 The supreme court to-1 traw. day nandsd gown zour revaraaia or ae- clslons In the lower courts. " . -1 The ease of Guggenheim de Co., appel lants; against Meyer A Kyle, respon dents, appeal from Lane county, Ham ilton Judge, waa reversed and a new trial ordered, . This waa aa action to recover damages alleged to have been sustained In consequence of a breach , of agree ment .' It was alleged that "the defen dants' contracted to deliver to the plain tiff la San Francisco five tons of oas- eara bark by October 1, 10I, and that through failure to deliver oa time the plaintiffs were injured In the amount of $1.I0. Trial being had the defendant received Judgment for coets and die bursenienta. ... - j,. In the case of J. K. Kastoa and others. respondents, against w. a. Storey. sheriff of Multnomah county, appellant, the decision of Judge Claland was re versed and the ease dismissed, . This waa a suit brought by Kaston to enjoin the aale of real property anaer an ex ecu tlon Issued on a judgment at law. The decree of the court waa In his favor. In the case of Kaston, respondent, against Bessie W. Paxton. appellant, the decision of Judge Cleland In favor of the plaintiff waa reversed and the case dis missed. This waa a salt for so account ing for rest collected on a email amount of land In Portland. ' . In the case of Idonia' Stlschombe, ap pellant, against the New Torn Life In surance company, respondent, the de cision of Judge Clemnd in favor of the defendant waa reversed and a new trial ordered. - This was a salt brought to col lect the amount of a policy carried by tba plaintiffs husband. 1 One- ease . was consulted In tha lower court- ( . The attnrneira mlMmw ttmi,Ktu ne repuedi -1 enaii stay long enough to have every one of these defendant ar raigned, to dispose of all preliminary and dilatory motions, to have these cases set for trial In June, and to-nubpoen all the government' s witnesses.- - - . t . -rnen the cases will be tried fa Juner "They certainly will. ; X shall oppose every attempt at delay, and I Dronoaa to have all preliminary motions disposed of before the trials come on." "" ; ; An immense mass of work la awaiting str. ' ueney. Lmrlng his absenoe and that of W. J. Bums, T. B. Neubausen was In charaa of tha Catharine of avi- denoe for the government, and be has secured much important Information. All of thla la to be reviewed and consid ered by Heney and Burns, and much of it u u do auomiiiea to tne grsna jury. ' The government officials are much fn- tereated In the discoveries of huge frauds in tas aoqniaitioa 01 state school lands brought to light through the inveatlga- uona or the atau land agent. Oswald West. The Marion aounty grand Jury, which convenes today at Salem, la ex pected to make rigid Inquiry into these frauda. and a number of Indictments will probably result. . f - ' These transactions ' in 1 state school lands have passed unnoticed for years, and might nave remained undiscovered but for the Investigation which tha gov ernment la making and the evidence which it baa gathered of the wholesale stealing of government ' lands.. The prosecution of the Hyde-Benson ring brought to light the fact that Immense tracts of school lands in California and Oregon bad been fraudulently secured by . the oonsplrators. The more recant Inquiry Into the frauda within the pro poaed Blue Mountain reserve directed at tention afresh to the operations of ether speculators in state school lands, and led to the Investigation which - have bean made by State Land Agent West. - It is a significant fact that all of the school band 'purchase : thus- far' un earthed and belleved-to be fraudulent are within tne boundaries of the Slue Mountain withdrawal. Thla Is true of the 40,004 acre purchased la November and December. 1109, the application be ing verified In. each instance by A H. Turner, the Salem notary, who certified that ,tbe 'applicant appeared Before him and made oath to bis statement There were IS of theaa application to pur chase school land in tha two months mentioned, and handwriting experts who have examined the papers assert that all of the signatures were wtten by one or at most .two person. - The methods pursued by those en gaged la these frauds were precisely similar to . those of the Hyae-Benson ring. Large area of school lands were secured la this state by Hyde and.Ben son, through their agent, Schneider,' and George Alexander of this city was the notary who attested many of the fradu lent applications. Alexander confessed his complicity and acknowledged that be bad certified to hundreds of applications which were brought to him by Schneider without ever seeing the applicant. , . . Checks Fraud tm California. -, ' Mr. Heney secured the enactment of some legislation by the last California ieglalature which have an Important af fect la checking further frauds la that state. .State Senator C M. Belshaw bad Introduoed a blU validating tiUes te school land purchasers,- where there bad been Irregularltlea, but of such a char acter that they did not go to the bona fides 'of the transsctlon. The bill was designed to cure such -defects. But Mr. Heney became satisfied that there was a "Joker In the bill and wired to Gov ernor Pardee to that effect. The gov ernor became' satisfied that although the bill purported to cut out from Its operation all eases tainted with fraud, it might have the effect of validating some of the Oakland and San Francisco water front grabs, and he pocket-vetoed it Mr. Heney did not let the matter drop when be had called the governor a atten tion to the Belshaw, bill: but undertook to secure aome remedial legislation which should be-a positive check to land frauda - . He . prepared two bills and caused them to be introduced in the leg Islature. The first provided for the for feiture of all money paid on the pur chase of. atate lands wnenever a court of competent Jurisdiction had decided that the lands were secured through frauds or that tha-. transactions appeared tainted with fraud. That bill passed, and was approved by the governor. - It will apply to over 100,000 acres of land obtained by Hyde and Benson, to which patents were leaned by the state, and to. 240,000 acres of land on Which they bad made their applications and their flrat payments. ' The second bill provided1 that all state lands should Ipso facto be withdrawn from sale upon the withdrawal of. con tiguous lands of the United States, pend ing Investigation by the government tor the purpose of creating forest reserves; and that such state lands aa should be Included within the boundaries of forest reserves should be sold to the. highest bidder. In parcels not exceeding 144 acre. The land speculators gathered In force at Sacramento and succeeded in putting thla bill to Sleep.' It failure to become a law waa. however, of no mo ment. Inasmuch a congress has repealed the lieu land law, tbua obviating the necessity for such a state law as Mr, Heney proposed." -'' 1 .1 ' ' Mr. Heney speaks n high terms of the xoellent work which has been done by Olfford Pine hot the head f tha forestry bureau, and' by P. R Newell, who I in charge of the government's Irrigation work. Both of these official have been making a careful study of. the federal land laws, and have been earnestly en deavoring to have .them .corrected sa aa to aeenre the peat result for the people. : Agents for llodes Patterns, 104. mm nnfn 1 fT FT3 P nvr n f JIIIIl km f j v r r- 1 i .r'Ccrc-W iltl! m tXiASH ior'the 2t ParjW Earth ki HOUSEHOLD SUPPLIES ? , For .Table Uuenn, .Towels, Napkins, Uernme-i Sheets and Pillow Cases,, Lace Curtains, Clan kets Comforters, ' Whhe' and Colored Bedspreads;: Swiss and Bobbins Ruffled Curtains, Feather Pillows, Down Cushions, Tapestry, Curtains and Draperies. i'. I:il5cc-'T3:; List fcr .RcCcpciIco 7 :10c" Hemmed Pillow Cases ''touTTTTJ? 'f.7 li 50c 72x90 Hemmed Sheetsl ;v.i;.'V.'; v.?8 5.00 Bobbinet Curtains . . . ; ii ! , i . . 915 i 50c 60-inch Cream : Damask. .. .354) . 75C Feather Pillows for. .U.t.. ,'.56 60c Double Warp Sheets. '.434 ($175 Colored Bedspreads. .eJlJS ipyic StrTr-Ctfrtain Swiss!.' Jitsikiiiii9f 15c, Fignred Fancy Swiss. . .. .'.;.. .lle $1,00 New Nottingham CrjTtains . , . . . . . 75d ' 50c Lace Curtains, Nur,i..:C...;l. .S5a $1.60 Fancy Lace Cartains. .........191.00 "$2.50 Bobbinet , Curtains, cut . to , . . . 1 91.G3 $3.00 Swell Styles Bobbinet for. ... .!.eJlX5; 50c Bleached Table Damask..;KS7 '.. 35c 68-inch Bleached Damask .'...SSs $1,00 72-inch Heavy Damask...V.CSa $L00 Heavy Bleached "Kpk&s;.;.'.V.i;c'( $1.00 . Hemmed Restaurant Napkins . ..V, ,75e $3a Oregon Woof Blanketsr.irr;i'.-.e?25-$123' White Oregon Blankets. ;;..t?a3 : $1.95 Large Oregon Blaseti..;:...;..3.45: $L50 Cretonne Covered Comforters . . ,05s $1.75 Downaline Comforters . . .91.15 Turkish wash OothsJ! . . .. . .2 -linch Check Toweling. .i,. . U . . . . .10 Bleached Russian Crash.-. J... ,;.'.I.Jl.5d Brown Linen Toweling. I L.... 'jt . 3 6-inch Window Scrim a . , 5d i8-inch Stripe' Swiss "Crirtara .'. . . . . .... . . . 7e ODD THINGS , 3. t ,' r .? " u-- V. -. - New Silkoleens, 12c l0cV8cV.; . .7d7; New Tapestry,1 65c, 5c, 35f.v.ai;. .. ;. . . : .2Di Down Cushions, 75c,' 35cl. j.'..V,..25d Tapestry Portieres,! $3.5.0, $2.50 .1)1 JGO Conch Covers, $4.50,$$!50, $2.50. .'.92)0 ' Table Covers; $1.00, 75c, 50c, .... .v:254 : r; Check and CWcBjerJtf sgk $1JJ9. ...,,.Wd v ;v ; . Swiss Curtains, $1.00,.95c, 65c.:...U-.S8er - .el... i i V.vrrv '.''"y.t'S":. The character, of the stock that we cany is rWf tolbe. compared with the Tarrushed ragi'tobe ( V''s.V i -.'r'''-: .i'j foixnd" ott ;tJhe so-called'' hamut. .counter, i ''"c'.-' lvvi' Agenttfor n. , i Queen ; : Xjj Undermus- w ins. , Agents for ForeifHiH 'Knit :- v Underwear. C o rn e r 1 T H i r d a n d ; M o r r i so n 9 1 r o o t PITETASB POT Oil ; TITHv LAYISn IIAND Police. Cm'mittoe " Says Hunt Does "Not Know Anything ; :l of Law-BreaJdng Here. . EXPRESSES OPINION " v ; THAT HE'S ALL RIGHT If Saibo'ns Are Open During Pro- ' hibrted Hours He Never . Heard of It. 'A bountiful coat of . whitewash baa been applied to Chief of Police Hunt by Big Blchel and Charles F. Beebe. meat bora of the police commisalon. as a re suit of the Investigation of the charges made against him by Councilman A. Jr. Flegel. in their findings tbey have exoneratod the chief and' at the same time have cleared their own skirts, aa the policy of Chief Hunt is dictated by them aad Mayor wuuama. The report was not filed with Mayor WUllaih at hi office la the city hall, but Instead It waa sent to him through the mail lata Saturday night The whole matter looks aa If tbey were a little ashamed of their report, and desired to give it as little publicity aa possible. Councilman - Flegel charged - that aa loona were violating the city ordlnaaoea by and, with tha common knowledge and oonaent of Chief Hunt. : In the Investi gation many witnesses were examined who testified that saloons were open be tween i 11. UUUl. VI A UU W v VAWA Uj Oeorge H. Howell stated that he had notified Big Sichel to that effect bat that no effort were made to compel the sa loons to obey the law. Testimony waa also produced which showed that Chief Hunt was cognisant that saloon were breaking tha law. ' Instead of eenauring Hunt they com mend and laud htm as an Ideal chief. Tbey escua btm for allowing saloons to remain open by stating that the police force is not large enough to properly patrol tha cRy. Th report continues: : "We find nothing whatever In any of the testimony or alleged proof offered by Mr. Flegel to substantiate theaa charges, and the committee respectfully recommends that the chief of police and the official supervision of the adminis tration of tha police department be ab solutely relieved from any unfavorable crtttrlitn orirtame under these charge. "Tha committee therefore feel . that lb charges publicly, made by, its FUgei are entirely disproved, and it hag not been able to discover' anything in the testimony offered by him to Involve any reflection .whatever upon aa honest and conscientious effort ea the part of the chief of -poUee to admin later the bus ness of the department strictly with a view to the fullest aeoompllahment of results desired by the tax pa vera, and which tbey are fully Justified in expect inr :--v l The Illinois society will bold Its regu lar monthly meeting this evening at o'clock at the Chamber of Commerce. It la saidthere are about M0 Portland people formerly from Ulinois, aad the promoters of the Illinois society wish that all of them would come to the meet- lna. A amat mm mt.i. , - 9 uwHia vre , expected to visit Portland thla year, aad iMMmay win remain la uregon. The society 1 Blannin t. A ... . w - cordial weloome aad all peadble assist- ' aaoa ui swounng satjaractory locations. ; rim wnrnvwn. : (Jaaraal Saerfal Sarvke.) -'' Madrid. April The government bag decided to retain Minister CWogasl at Tangier until the end of April, when he " depart for Washington to represent the Spanish government. . 0, 'An V I :'-.y" r 20th Go r ..- -. -, , - Yx if:.,, i y. A.; 1-..., The exclusive Men's Wear - Store,' where you can ' .--'.always find the correct article of apparel for every : ''-' V'; occasion. ; Now is 1 good time to consider the pur chase of a Spring Overcoat, and this store is the place to look for it' Our stock is all new, and our . Chesterfield and Kensington clothes are so differnt . ' and so much better than you've been seeing, it will ;s ' be a pleasure to see how good. Top' Coats, 4 length OVERCOATS, and the extra long Rain Coats, all' -. inew, all latest style effects. Prices 918.00 and ; " : up to ; .,. t . . :vw.:... . . ,f3S.OO :l : We solicit a can trom you and an opportunity of , showing you the finest selection of , Men's Apparel : t ;- :mf brought to tiw .e4rter; wist.; - y . v I IV - "4'. 1 WMMtwW V yi AAA AAAAA.AAAA V- w'Nr' Sr'N N w' V - -wow- NX wV"wV c