. MILLION nembtri of la-1th government which cannot b ad
& .n provident organisation Justed by dlplomstto agency shall be re
treat Britain and Ireland call J terred to arbitration. Should such a
th 1'nlted State senate o
"um or aroiirauou now
I to go-on until- perfect
i ... -
u
tf-
raK
nemo
ten has. none away
memorial which recently
J " . i-ll.U At.taa aaiM.
'i-ole of EurP Ifokto-"the
futurism.
proposal happlfy emanate from tha mn
gross of the United State, out beat In
fluence abaU ' be used to inaure tta eo
oeptance bjr the government of Great
Britain. . The eonclualon of auch, a treaty
woald be a eplendld example to thos na
tla ., who. sr. wasting their reaourcea
in war-provoking lnaUtutlona. and ntht
'"i for deliverance from tbenlue other government -j!o-Jola -the
Jrum-V' " : 7" t jpoefur compact' - - .,.. , 7 ,
.k tetter of tranamiaaloa 1 . . Menu' : er onnaa
"T- ganatot; with the meraoqai:
f ''Leiiyln memorial la signed
f.ntatlve. of Induetrlal
'Jit -organisation.. In Great
TirelandV- The .organlaa
T. piemberahlp exceeding 'two
Quarter .jnUltonav----
f the signatorl ia an of
JTto offlce by hie fellowa.
.?,xDfeslonrot opinion from
" j. i believe.' without paral
JZn now earneatly they deiire
of a tratr of arbitration
IT ui country an,d the United
fhihilf of "'" almetorlea ;t v,"b,
( wk four rlpUB consideration of
nemorlal wag prepared and
lia 1831. when " WM anticipated
Lothar treaty baaed upon almllar
the -Olney-JPamicefote treaty
v"y, been considered by-Congresa.
Mnf, that waa not done, Preat
icKtoley. Lord Paunoefot - and
Vtm of opinion that the time waa
fun for preaentlnc the memorial.
tfeMfore.'beeir kept In reaerve
i whan It ia publicly announced
atwr treaty la, to be diaouaed by
go, la oonaequence of that an.
aist a eopy of the memorial la
lonrarded to every aenator. .
itevfr change have been- effected
United Stftea alnoe the memorial
pas, the rnrdlaifeellnca of the
tints toward the people of Amer
als snehenged. v.jm.....
u the text of the memorial:
ftttf honorable, the. members of
of the united Btatea of Amer-
K a
t
.tkmen Within the laat It years
ft of the British parliament and
(mi save, by adopting th fol
. amorist and reaolutlona, given
tapetu to the principle of arbl-
Xanwrlal jro.-X'" i-.i-7'i
M by 114 members of th Brit-
m of commons, presented to the
at n4 congress, October I U It&l.
a toderilgned . . members of, th
a parliament learn with the utmoat
WiM that various proposals have
induced Into ' congress, urging
xmneot ef the United States to,
k Meeaaary steps for concluding
IDTtrnment of Great Britain a
nJca ihall atlpulat that any
i oe disputes arising between I
Paaaed ' nnantmoualv h hnth hnok.a
April 4. tl: v v
"That the President behind la hereby
requeated to. invite from time to time,
as lit occaaions may arise, negotiations
with any government with which the
United flutes haa or may have diplo
ma tlo relatione, to the end that any dif
ferences or disputes arising between the
two governments which cannot b ad
justed by. diplomatic agenclea may be
referred to arbitration' and peaceably
adjusted by auch means. And that this
house, cordially sympathising with the
purpoee In view, expreeaes the hope that
her majesty's government, will lend their
ready co-operation to the 'government
of the -United Bute1 upon' th basis of
the foregoing resolution.1; . i
.. Mexaoilal !, .''
'. "Signed by I4 members of the home
of commona, presented to th president
nd eongreee. January 1. 1885;
"To the President and Congress of the
United BUUs of America:
" The - undersigned, members - of the
British parliament, while cordially
thanking - congress for having by . Ha
resolution, given auoh an Impetus to the
movement and called forth such" a re
sponse from our government, earnestly
hop that congress ..win follow-upUs
resolQlIon, and crown Its desire by in
viting our government to Jqlnln fram
ing a treaty which shall bind' the two
nations to refer to arbitration disputes
wtitoli aiplo-mstTrtxlli to adjust Bhotitd
such a proposal be mad our heartleat
efforts would be used In Its support, and
we shall rejoice that the United States
of America and the United Kingdom at
Great Britain and Ireland have reaolved
to set such, a splendid example to the
other -nations et the world.' ' ' .
"Until these memorials were pre
sented, we believe there was no prece
dent for the members of one parlia
ment addressing the-'members of an
other, and-th 1st John Bright.,, whan
signing th first memorial, expressed a
fervent hope that the precedent would
be fruitful of good results. ,.. . 1.
"The deair for a treaty et-rbltraUoa
between the two eountrlea did not arise
from any sudden Impulse or fear,, but
was the Outcome, of several, proposal
which, had been made In ''congreae, and
of c innumerable -public - meetings, -conferences,
--and petitions to - parliament
which had been promoted by th people
of Great Britain. -. v .
."The parliamentary- .'.memorials and
herein. f'S" 0mrao" I ' Tlt.nlo atruggle.
nation.' -, ... ... . .
"For years after th movement eom-H
menoea in this country it wss treated
with contempt and rldloule by the privi
leged clasnea and the press, and. With
few--eeepttons,Tit 'received no- support
from politicians,' men of rank, or wealth,
and it was enly by the most persistent
efforts that rldlculs ceased and. Oppo
sition -waa abandoned.
The parliamentary memorials were
prepared, by a workmen's organisation,
and very signature appended to them
was obtained by a workman who waa a
member of the house of commons. . -'
Th resolution, unanimously adopted
by thas- asserabjy, ; was- moved by the
same workman, and upward of two
mllllona of people- connected with In
dustrial organisations - and religious
bodies Indorsed it . by resolutions and
petitions to parliament
By
,J555
A 1008. " br
tbs -anMrtcsn-Joersal-
.TBft r now twe women under
lntence of death In the United
states, one In Vermont and the
Vther in . Pennsylvania..
ie-cs'ee -of 'Mary'Rogsrs.'-xlier
o be no reasonable doubt of the
the crime of which she Is
She and her-lover, together
U to -kill her husband -by chlo
ric him to death. - But" the ques
kt arises, how far was the woman
Ule for this deed herself T : -
naually, supposed that where a
and a man are associated In any
lilon the male - aplrlt .r is - th
r, and, therefore, th. controlling
difficult to Judge ' from, the- re-
V the see just where the blame
tor does lr anywhere appear 'how
unhappy .woman waa gifted with
we or favored by th conditions
tag her.-. She Certainly had few
titles for mixing with the world,
wr. tittle life was narrow In
a who is-familiar with the'
at she -was generally re
nroman of mediocre mental
'ad that there was even a
lot an unbalanced mind. -eetgre
reports of the trial at
is no statement In regard
eseeltlon of the JutTf 1 might
tlag to Inqulr If It consisted
arrled men. - .
W jurors were all of the masciv
1 H are quite .certain, since wo-'
k sermitted to serve on Juries
1 the four free slates Wyo-
4ndo, V'Uh and Idaho. It may
HE reasons which led upto the
present war. between Japan and
" Ruasla date ' back almoat 100
years, ever- aince th Russian
colonists in " th beginning of - the
eighteenth century took possession ot
the Kurlle- Islandav-whtchbetonrHo
Japan. Ln the beginning of the nine
teenth century the Ruaalana took advan
tage of Interior disturbances in japan
to seise Sachaltn Island, which baa al-
va belonged toua. In they even
tried to aelse the Island ot Tsuohlma, the
autnoat of Jatian in the Stralt-of Korea,
by landing marines from the crulaer
banging for minor of fenses. ths lmmola-1 Posadnlk there, out were prevemea in
1 tlon ot womeir1hnrrajvnr'crus tne ifrtttsn Aarmrai "f1""
i Ann. ULKinir iqvbiiioiw v vw w-
Tonstrbus to Hdng ,Vomen
t ILL 1 5 DS VEREUX BCAtBr
against witchcraft all these dark spots
on the story of the - world have, been
wiped away by an advancing civilisation.
The gallows and the whipping- post atUt
disgrace the enlightenment of the 29th
century. . .'.,:.;, I r
In on of our states there hav been
no executlone in-many-yeara. ;r .;-.; .. i
It does not appear that this, clemency
has led to ths development of crime In
that state. On the contrary, the com
munity is especially orderly, and the
continued existence of a few poor crea
tures who can never again be free has
brought about no Increase of disorder. .
The spectaole of ran .execution Is al
ways most demoralising; not only ln the
location in which ifr-occnra," but to 'the
people ef th whole country, t .
-Vermont has a noble record In Its
history of . Its brave sons and fair
daughters. The atalwart pioneers first
dared -ths dangers of the wilderness.
tne Strang peasta and the hostile In
dians. " Soma of the most brilliant deeds
that adorn our history were performed
by -the-Green Mountain Boys. Some of
th loveliest women were Green Moun
tain maid. .j,.. ,; ;;: ,
The feopl of . Vermont ' ar Justly
proud of their record. They tell the
stories of the earlier days with pride.
Ethan Allen and Beth Warner ar house
hold names and th virtues of the wives
of the pioneers and their bravery In the
cruel day of Indian dominance are tra
ditions ot which many a family is Juatly
proud. v r .. T ' i . : , . , , -
. An act of clemency now will cast no
shadow on the laurels already won. . But
Mlni rthat hey havi made wlil surely be an evil light that will
JaDfB5Sf insun'wher: $J
".been emp.n.,.d. :,s;v . I' tJI 7J !5!
name of the Green Mountain common
wealth around the world ln a momentary
glare of odious prominence. ... . ,
Mar the wlserUhought of her aUtes
men and th genii influence of compas
sion' fvert this revolting tragedy.
!, be k first orlnclDl of jus-
f1 vomen should be on the Juries
somen. - It is on of th f unda
"tnts. thk right of trial -"by
Peers,"- contended for through
7 I England and finally guar-
tn common law. -
nhannv rrihm was certalnlv
t T a jury of her Deer. Every
t box was not hsr equal, but
Pitical superior. Incapable more-
naeratandlng the ; Intensely
1 nature of a woman and how
'iht be influenced by the per-
1 f-entrmf the -tinrtr-ss"
11 Ml had been, tausht deference
P'ehlldhood. v : v
wow be proved that sh had
"f encouragement .rto another J-
'n the eves nf airh Af these
PHI and true" vonlit ha an of-
I rrlavous that on that account
?wrlng would be too good for
Kh the laws in their Justice
1 7ft RMvUl . f 1
a v.V mil J n iriltLt yiAii-
w-thrmen who vtoUte their
Many or the poor sufferers werr our
fathers and -mothers, who faced starva
tion and death rather than sanction any
"The masses were then.voup faithful
friends, they .are your faithful friends
still, 'and It wss the. common DeoDle who.
.anxious for a. closer union with your
uuniry, Degan me- movement ::for a
u-saty i arbltrauoiw
Up tor that time, no' BriUah Sovern.
ment had glten any 'countenance or sup
port te the' movement At last, ow.
ever, public opinion prevailed, a treaty
waa prepared, arid Lord Salisbury gave
a qualified support to the -principle, the
wise counsels, of your statesmen eubse
quently inducing him to aceept the
brosd proposals on which th 1st treaty
waa. based.-' .''. .-' .-'-'.. '
"During your great trial Urn.' S3
years ago, many of those whoa name
are appended to' this memorial strenu
ously protested against the conduct of
the then British government ln allowing
the-Alabama, to- escape from our shores
and heartily, eo-operatod with the late
John Bright In ' tryihg to prevent, the
classes who then governed thla-oountry
from- interfering ln Lyour memorable
struggle. j.-- s . .4ir r-J-. ; -
"Moat of our stales men -who afthal
time labored, under the delusion that
the Republican bubble had bruat' after
ward - regretted the course which thsy
had pursued, - honorably acknowledged
tnelr errors, nd today we believe that
our publlo men, and Indeed all classes,'
cherish the kindliest 'feelings' toward the
United States. ,
The terrible privation Which thou
sands of men and women In our manu
facturing districts suffered during ths
eottorj -famln is -well -- known to you,J, Signed by 7.431 repreaentativee of n
"Other countries are anxlouslv watch.
ing and waiting to see If the two Anglo
Saxon nations will, bya solemn cove
nant agree -to - aettle- their- differs noes
by peaceful means, and If th United
States, and . Great Britain conclude a
satisfactory treaty of arbitration, the
example will be speedily followed by
other powers. - This haa been clearly
demonstrated, br reaolutlona adopted in
the French. .Austrian,- Hungarian, Bel
gian. . Norwegian, Danish, Swiss and
Dutch parliaments. , "- - . . - , i
. "A i glorious opportunity Is thus af
forded your oountry and ears of inau-'
guratlng an era of peace. f r t
"We eannot-tell what may be' In t'A
mlnda of our etateamerw ibut whatever
may hav been, their past opinions upon
the practicability of a treaty, we be
lieve they ar now honestly, desirous ot
giving effect to the will of-th peo
ple. - v :.; ;.r-: . . :i -
. "Wi deeply regret that th states
manlike treaty submitted to your honor
able assembly In the -early part, of this
year was . not. ratified, and earnestly
hope that in your next session a treaty
equally efficient will be adopted..
"Happily you are free- from old world
broils and complications, snd are thus
in the best position to take the inltla
tiV. . . . . ..... : x...... .--.-- i...
"The toiler of Europe, almost crushed
beneath the burden of armaments, cast
their eyee across th Atlantic and see a
great nation comparatively free from
war-provoking JnaUtutlona. Iirthntua-
tlon their hops of deliverance from the
curse of militarism Is centered. ;"'
"To the senate of ths,fastlon we ap
peal. A treaty of arbitration would be
the beginning of a great end, and that
nd would be what one. of, your. great
est general indicated, and concerning
which . your poeta have sung a no other
poeta have doner-the substitution of the
pen for the sword, of arbitration for
. war. . We hav lb honor to remain re
spectfully your.
dustrlal and provident organisation In
Great Britain and Ireland, elected by the
membera of these organtsationa, whose
number Is two and three-quarter mil
lions, ,.,-,''- ''." 7
-. This great memorial wss prepared and
transmitted by the- International - Arbi
tration League ef London, of wh!ChWiI-
liam Randal Cremer. M. P.. waa the or
ganiser, and to- which he gave -the t5.l
00 peace prise whtoh was awarded to
him laat year for the most efficient serv
ice to the world in advancing ths cause
of peace. . . v --
Mr, Cremer waa once a common plas
terer, working tn London' houses, but
fie wa not a common man. '
, ln Hit he went. through one of the
severest labor wars ever wsged in Great
Britain,- which- lasted for. sic : months
and involved hundreds of thousands of
workmen. - '. .' . , - - -
. ; He 'tame out ef this' conflict abso
lutely convinced that conciliation and
arbitration are the riant war ot set
ting controversies between laborers and
their employers, snd. that conflict be
tween them ismsdness. '-" - " r
Twenty-six years later flS5) h a
tered the British parliament, and at once
began a campaign for the adoption of
this principle tor settling disputes be
tween nations.' - - v
: Wis first mov was to prepare a mem
orial addressed to ths United States sen
ate, esklng ths United Btates to opsn
negotiations with Great Britain for a
treaty of arbitration. .'-v-.t
.Having secured theslgnatures of 234
members of ths British parliament ' to
thla memorial, he came to- the United
Statea and preaented it to the president
of the senate en October II. 1 1ST. - He
wag warmly received and hi miaslon
Indorsed by Andrew Carnegie and by
th leaders Of ths labor movement la
America.
The a-averhment felled to,act. and on
January IS. 18SI, b apoeVd at Wash
ington with a second memorial signed
by- 364 members of ths British parlia
ment In September of this year he and
100 other members of the Interparlla-
mentary-unlnn, which now contalna over
. 000 members all or wnomTsra -members
ofjoatlainU.arllamentBljaaBed a
resolution by unanimoua vots at their
10th annual ssssion, hsid at Bt. iouis,
calling for ths exeoutlo of a treaty Of
arbitration by every nation, with every
nation and for ths convening of a con
ference of natlona a eonalder this ques
tion and also the advisability of having
such a conference convene periodically
s ' . : : : - : . . 7 . ... '. .
3?S7- ;J -'7r-By BARON K. SUYEMAT8U.. ''r:r(- 'v':. :: V:"-..
and. taklna- advantage Of the
tween China and England and France,
Russia succeeded in acquiring (h whole
nut nf Manchuria from Vladivostok tn
thm north- to Korea In th outh.-'In ItttA
Russia attemDted to make Korea ceae
Port Lasareft, but England interfered
and made her give up her plana. - in lll
Russia began the glgantie enterprise of
building the Siberian railroad, and imme
diately after the Chino-Japanea war ah
started by intrigue 01 an ainaa o ae
oulr new territory In the regions
reached bv thla road.
Korea, which for centuries had recogJ
nlaed the aunerlority or t;nina ana iu
by paying regular tributes to-both states.
suddenly ceasea to ao.so naa ia m uum
unmistakable manner showed that she
did not care whether her relatione with
Japan remained friendly or not. Bev
Ami' am hasaadors whom Japan sent to
Korea were treated in the most impudent
manner, and In 187S-a Japanese nian-oi-wer
the llnvakan. was fired at. - Japan
demanded satisfaction, and In Hit an
e-reement waa reached by which Korea
was declared an independent atat. and
severs! Korean ports. wsrs opened to
Japaneae trade. Another agreement was
signed at Tlsntsin in 1384, and It was
because China broke thi that th Chlno
Tnnsneae war broke out In 1834. It wa
fhina'e iinwillinrness t relinquish her
power-over Korea and her jealousy of
Japan' growing inriuenc at oeoui wmcn
caused tn war. ' ey ne peace i dm
monosekl in 1831 China ceded the Liao
tung peninsula to - Japan, bat Russia,
France and Germany forced -Japan to re
frain from taking possession; and when
Germany ln-18 leased-Klaochou from
China, Russia seised Port Arthur and
Dalny. Shortly after, sh triad to make
Korea give up to her Mosampo, an iro
portant port .facing Tsuchhna but wss
prsvented by the Joint protest of Eng
land and Japan and had to be satisfied
with getting permission to make the port
a coaling depot. - Li-;
Tha Boxer rising in wnina s
the general wish that Japan should send
troop to China to--relieve the foreign
ambassador at Peking and th mikado
Immediately declared himself willing to
do so. ; Russia also aent men to Peking
but a great many ot them, later .stopped
In Manchuria:. under the pretext that)
they were necessary for the protection of
the railroad. , Thla waa strongly com
mented upon even at " that time, but
though "Japan suspected .that Ruasla In
tended to aelse and hold Manchuria. h
eould not - prove ft. - and Ruesta.'a Teal
plana were - not unveiled until the re
ceipt on December 81. 1300, of th "fa
mous telegram from Peking by the Lon
t dotf Times, which revealed Russia' du
plicity. Russia wss once forced to giva
In, and ori April 6, 1901, th Russian
government Issued an official proclaraa
tlon declaring, that although China had
committed serious offenses against Ruat
sla, the occupation of Manchuria waa to
bnnTW- temporary. - As- soon ss order
had been restored - In Manchuria and
preparation mads to safeguard the rail
road, the troops wotrid be withdrawn,
and at tha earn tlm Count Lamadorff
personally assured Sir Charles Scott the
English ambaaaador, that- Ruaala had
not th slightest intention of annexing
Manohurla. even if she had been forced
to delay the evacuation - - '
Four months later' the English minis
ter at Peking accused Russia of breach
of faith, as he hsd positive evidence she
had once more entered into secret
negotiations with. China. The Russian
government, denied this. , but th truth
of it - wa proved by th signing- .of si
protocol on September 1, and half a year
later, on April I, iS01.-br the announce
ment of a new ' Russo-Chrnese ..treaty
which waa officially made by the Rus
sian minister of foreign sf fairs. With
many words It was explained that Rus
sia had no higher wish than to preserve
the Integrity of China. - At first It
loekedf ss if Russia had really acted
bona flde,-buf. later It waa proved that
th treaty had been signed only through
bribery or coercion, as the Chinese gov
ernment openly complained of Russia's
acta, and aa a result ot this the treaty
waa changed several times.
According to the condition - or tne
treaty Russia bound herseir to evaouat
th outhwostern pan ox ina provinoe
of Mukden within six months and to
turn over to China th Shanghal-Kwan
and Nluchwang railroad and to evacu
ate Manchuria completely within a year.
China on her part bound herself to pro
tect the railroads and all Russian sub
Jct and their enterprise. China - was
not to allow any other foreign power to
start any enterprise In Manchuria, and
promised not to send any more troop
for the purpose f discussing Interna-
tfonal queatlpns, sa current events make
particular question paramount
tni entire nation iappiauded tne reso
lution' and the action . of President
Roosevelt In calling for. such a confer
ence. .".j. ,,'..- i l . .
The very, war now waging had made
all good people, desire some : practical
plan -to-prevent -the-reeurrence el audi
ealamltlee. The whole world recognised
ln this resolution such a plan namely,
treaties of -arbitration between all. na
tions, to be negotiated as quickly aa
possible, v and regular-- conference "of
nations, -convening a erten ae-inter
national affairs require, and In du tlm
to grow into a lewlnlatlve body to make
tha law whtoh. The Hague cdurt la to
administer. ' In . deciding i case which
come up under the treaties ot arbitra
tion. r -1 , ''"" .'"..,.,.,'.,,';'
During th paat 17 years a great revo
lution has, therefore; been accomplished,
for tha tide In favor of treaties of arbi
tration Is-now Irresistible, and the de
mand for a perfect union ot nations. In
the Image end likeness ef our Union ot
states,- is being beard from many sides.
In no other way can Justice be adminis
tered among natlona without perpetual
preparation for and periodical outbreak
ot war; therefore, the beat sentiment of
the world demands the adoption of this
aa the only practical plan- for the -pro-1
rvatlon pf peace and th administration
ot Justlee. Th welfare of tha world de
mands that International affair be. con
ducted in peace and with Justice, and td
the mutual advantsge of all nations.
This csnnot b while war continues to
break out.
There Is no more reason why the
United States and Franc and Great
Britain and the other nations. Should
remain km J a- war footing toward each
other now than there was for New York
and Massachusetts and Virginia to r-
roaln on auch jk footing .eenturyago. .iijciJabor,
Alley, inuei rvmMa un a. war auuiiiim.
untl- th principle of arbitration Is uul
vereal ly-adopted,. a ad proper much mery
for Its application provided, including
In7 thla union, of"aH r4h-'-peoplet thla"
nation and .of every ether nation. . ,
The blessing of pur wis institutions
and law can be fully and permanently' . , ;
enjoyed only after they are made to sp- ' -
ply . Inl'our jrelatlon. ia. other, nttoaa.i w-'
And tha first mov toward making them , '.
so aply la the ratlflcatloaVf jlreatlea of , .
arbitration. - i '.'.','.".'
Thes-na'tIg-inbaTfatined-hir-rrr'
by a two third vote of th senate. They '- '
will. b. considered y th enat ln ' i
cret eeslqn. Henc th grsat need of -,
oaulng members of "the senate to feel ,.J7
the for et the people' desire for peace
and for these practical ways of perpetu-' v . ,
atlng peace, before these Jreatlee are ,
paaaed upon. The million of laboring '
men. In. Kngland and Ireland who muet--: -make
th money that I spent in preps- . ,' '
ration for war. and who muat become ' '
the targeta for ether workmen. and; the -
gunners for their own nation when, war
actually comes, have sent their memor- .
lal across the sea. pleading for the sdop-; :
tlon of these practical -plans for peace. ',
Let the laboring -men of . the United A .
States demand the. ratification Of these A .;
treaties, also the taking ot all atepaw . " ;
In- due time, which will finally aubatitute ' .
a complete system of international arbl- ,' ' '.
tratlon for' war between nation. . '; i v i
- There are the men who must paaa on ' ' - .;
these question In th United Stat sett-- r""
afe. Publish namea of,,sentpra,. Th .
people ar entitled te tall them what
they want done. Lt th people speak, -and
every senator who vote -against '
these treaties - of ' arbitration - will b
burled deep under an avalanche ef in- .
fnmy,whlcn"tlm Will only heap higher .
upon hta memory, until at laat he will
be remembered only for the disgrace. .
The memorial from Great Britain ia
signed by the 7,433. officers of labor and.
provident organlsatlona, and baa been
prepared at great expenditure of time
International congreases -and -court. as'tiill'U'la finished. --.
Let the people of America respond te
yaemandlng the ratification of the -
treaties of arbitration and pushlnsr-on '
the work begun at The Hague conference
well a treaties of arbitration between
all countries; . .
The time. Jstom for-ratifying" th
trestle of arbitration already negotiated
and. for negotiating others, and extend
ing their scope a fast as practicable,
for discussing the advisability of consti
tuting aa International congress. This
latter question is for theadmlnlatratlve
bureau to consider ln preparing a pro-tlon of conflict
gram for the dlsouslon at ths second coif
ferenc at The Hagnsvand -that confer-' l.anir-rron-combatg nti.
into th provlne without th convent ot
Russia.
Russia really did evacuate the south
westeritart of Manchuria when th six
months wr over, but kept Nluchwsng,
and tne customs revenues- continued to
flow into the Russo-Chlnese bank. Jn
the- meantime the alliance with Oreat
Britain was formed in January. 1803.
.. April 8. 1908. paaaed atrtd Rueete Btlll
held Nluchwana. but AlSaieff axnlalned
i that thla was Only because there were 1
lungusn ana uermsn gunnoaia in tne
harbor and before evacuating : he
wanted a definite promiss from China
that aha -would not allow any other
pawac..4o take poaaesslon of th city.
On April -1? Benckendorff . openly - told
Lord ' LAnsdowne that there wa no
particular reason ' for . th retaining of
Mhichwang; aad fcw.day Inter Buaala
suddenly demanded, as conditions for
her evacuation of Manchuria, .that no
other power should be allowed to have
conaul in the province, that only Rue
slana should be appointed 4o officer that
all custom revenues were to be paid td
the.- Russo-Chinesar- bsnk, that Ruaant
should be allowed free use of all tele
graph lines In Manchuria, and that no.
other power should be allowed to abler
tne nrovince, i- -.-,'.
Tha protest-ef-all-th ottferprwr
forced Rusila to declare that she hsd
never thought - of - asking , for special
privileges, and the Russlsn govsrnmsnt
appeared very much hurt that any one
could have "doubted her good Intentions
or think that she would try td close
the open door.
f-Ihls Machiavellian policy was repeated
time and again to the disgust -of - th
United States and all th other powers.
On Jsnusry 3. 1904, Count Benckendorff
once more declared that Russia did not
try to keep the other powers out of
Manchuria, to which Lord Lansdowna
replied that he waa surprised' that Rua
ala hsd made no step towards the
evacuation, ci Manchuria,
ence will be unable to escape from this
question. - Th execution of treaties of
arbitration is th paramount question
which th United State senst will con
sider this year. ? ' '' "' ".
That body should become the leading
political agency f-th Whole world, for
carrying forward thla movement which
la ssssntlal to th welfare of every state
The practical plan for the perpetuation ,
of peace and administration ot Justic ,
throughout th whole world include:
Treaties pf arbitration now. - - . - v
A conference of nationa at Th Hague
aa aoon aa possible.,
Limitation 'of war within th narrow- ' .- -
est possible limits' as to recognised "
causes of war, son, of hostilities, dura-
Enlargement of th right of neutral
Eerly establishment of a congress of
natlona to supplement -The Hague court,
and tn due time the perfeetion of a world
wide political organisation! In the Image!
and likeness of the United States with
sll the machinery necessary for "ths ad
ministration of ' Justice among natlona,
as It is now administered among Ameri-'
can atate. "
Then began the negotiation between
Japan- and Ruaala which, preceded the
war, and I can only say that Japan to
th very last tried to avoid war. even
to tha extent of. causing serious dis
satisfaction among her own' people, who
did not like to see their government
made to appear ridiculous in th eyes of
ths world. While the negotiations were
going" on Russia continued to rush
troops and supplies esst and her evi
dent falsehood at last left Jspsn no
choice but to declare war. Poatarity
will know that we were Justified, and
that Russia alone la to blame for the
bloodshed which has appalled th whole
civilised world. , ,, ,
Duty of Americaix: Women ,
By MRS. JOHN A. LOGAN
T
(Copyrleht," 1008, ky the Amerlcao-Joornal-
Xxasilser.)
HE women of thi country hav
been foremost In . good- works.
'; 1 -They hav led 1a 11 movement
." "tog. th " a4enln -oF-ducatIoni-
Lmorallty and religion, for Trie suppres
sion of .vice and th prevention of cru
elty to children, extending their effort
to th protection of the beasts of th
field. "They hav carried on crusades
against Intemperance, and have '-accomplished
wonders along all lines for ths
betterment of mankind and the advance
ment of civilisation.. They have battled
nobly for their rights, and hav gained
axtenaloa -of -privilege snd protection
under the lawa which was formsrly de
nied them. Much good ha com from
their heroo work. .'---
Unfortunately many women hav
taken advantage of these enlarged Jib
ertfeVBnd benefaction, and Instead of
endeavoring to maintain woman's exalted
position In our country have denied all
lawa of propriety, modesty and morality,
and have dared to do things that were
an outrage upon society and womanhood.
It la a source of great regret that
many women of th best families, women
who have had every opportunity that
wealth and position could give, hay been
frequenters of the race track, pool
rooms, casinos, restaurants (popular on
account -of -their- MgH - balls -and' cock
tails), and often after the opera or the
atre have taken young girls whom they
pretend-to cbsperon to publlo places
for-mldnlght suppers with bonvlvanta
who hav no scruples against -prolonging
these orgies until the wee small
hour if they ar graced by attractive
women and girls.
These women are on Ta miliar, terms
with bookmakers and gamblers,, and are
seen at the raoes hobnobbing with Jock
eya and men who Indulge In horse rac
ing, betting money on favorite horses
with all . th nonohalanc of veterans
nf the turf. . They hsve Identified them
selves with a class of society that their
noble, ancestor considered wholly dls-
1st lie Ru s si an P eo pie Ripe for a Constitution?
PROFESSOR MICHAEL MICH ALLO VITCH VON REUSSNERR.
' r '
J? thlti ca of Mary Rog-
OnRtlliM- 'Lm i a ' -ala
n four fa-at ...a.
wuh Miou and luiiftt.ca as inca
ffOVrn meant un.. .,
a-nvi - " iifc m ""
h ,of iu"co it la to rank
L,(bcll Incompetent to
" nese laws:
cedent Riv..i. . .. ...
aaM i : . -v -.i. iurnuan mil
aa h lf f "ual r1ht" ,0T
Klai..I7 . " memoer or tne
rSL1" promising young
ta oast. hi vot in
woman suffrsg bill, dedar-
7.r f the proposed act
hot wi.k . J y Decause
Lh to b record .. vr
i In" '"ranch laement. of
hsai J. . naon. . .
! Mv. "naevaloped peopl
T
HE3 present revolt against the au
tocracy In Russia ha raised nm
question, is the Rueetan nation
able to govern Itself T .' I have
met both here and in other countries
men of high position and more than aver
age knowledge of Russia who did not
BeTriSiTbimwt thlfik that h rtvy mer ai Pmiy
deserv any otner iormwi s"j"""
than the on thejrharf.
'.Intelligent Russian think different
Even M. Witts, once more the right hand
ot the csar. In his latest work. "Auton
omy and Zemstvo" admit mat he haa
not thallghtest doubt of th ability
of tha Russian people to- govern Itseir,
though he Is opposed to the sudden grant
ing of a complet constitution.
Th Russian temstvo ar bjrno mean
composed ot th lower classes.- the ma
jority : ot thetr membera fflp1'
who belong to the lower obllltyJaiid
many of whom hold ernment posi
tions. The semstvos may Indeed weU be
l m Jk the fnriirunnera of Ruaaian
coiipmrrw .
Ther. ari a.. many Who confound iha
Ruis'an "tschlnownlks" with th Ru
alan bureaucracy. - . f
Th fact i tnai n "V '
w...M,vw.v vKa can 'Claim a
ur.iAm .n- office under the
. ri.lm to Hschln'
everybody who ha. nft :
higher educational
tschln'
govern-
(rank) has
EverV
Xntmisition. th usa of I gradual from a high achool, vrywfncer ot
;777' v;. -v"-',, 7" -"r. ;X t -7?v
who leavea'the army to go Into civil
service Is. according to Russlaa-r law,
riven a "tsebm." and lnthla way
r'tschln" sUnds rather 'for a certain
amount Of education than for what may
be defined as rsnk. A person of noble
birth ha th privilege of obtaining a
t-iry .i.r end mere nnlcklv than a
person of lower birth, o that a noble
man need only hav served very short
time In a government office to become a
'tschlnownlk.
Every clerk who has passed n exami
nation become a "tachlnownlk"-and I
thereby to a certain extent aafe from
arrest wlthout-a special warrant. All
the membera of the semstvo ar with-
Wit exception "tschlnownlks"-and many
of them mar even lay ciaim m we wue
of "excellency. . '
Thoee who jonalder th great Rusalan
people an .uneducated horde, without
culture and education, apt to commit alt
kinds of excesses on the slightest provo
cation, are also Very much mistaken.
Jt Is trus that the Russian -muchlk"
has been trampled upon and treated like
cattle, snd that here- ar many who
would still ilk to treat htm In this ma,
per, but It Is hlso true thst he hsa now
a strong longfnir for.r.edorstton, -and
strives lo obtain It with all ths stubborn
kit. i. nare--nf his nature.
C:lEvrTywier whr h is not "PPJ""
and romvy ne snow. r;v "
iBtaiilaenc and pride,, and a
V -' - , (.
glowing desire for freedom and Inde
pendence. Do not more than 15.000.000
Russian subiects belonging to sects out.
side of the orthodox - church struggle
oontinually for religious freedomT
Do not'-osmphlets, proclamation and
papers find tuelr-way to even the remot-
stTlllagaJOfie-ernpir!
Ia It not a fact that many small com
munities In Siberia, whloh hav been for
gotten by th Imperial government gov
ern their own affair In th most praise
worthy manner, absolutely without ape
control by esar,! pope, police or tschln
wnlkar We who know th Russian people know
It to be entirety different from the gen
eral Ideas about it. , We remember now
th Russian peaaants behaved when they
wer suddenly relieved from serfdom.
During the last few years which pre
ceded the ukase which set the serfs free
there were violent peasant uprisings-all
over, - property was destroyed and
chateaue burned and pillaged.
During , the reign of Katnerlna not a
single ye.r pessed that troop did not
have to suppress pessant riots. Thirteen
governments were In open revolt at one
time, and peasant were. shot down by
the hundreds by regular armies before
peace was restored.
When It became known that.th csar
Intended to abolish serfdom all Iha large
l.ndnwncrs rained the cry that tha proc
lamation would followed by anarchy
: 7: ' ' .' .'''' - "- i
all Over the country; that the peasants
liberated from their fetters Would kfll
every Isnded aristocrat and aet lire to
every chateau In the counjrr. The
greatest precaution were taken to pre
vent this, and on February 13, 1361, whole
armiea were held in readiness to suppress
the expected rilaturhanrea, but - what
happened T ., , . -
Th people ' greeted' the reforms not
with ' violence, but with blessings and
prayers. With expressions of the most
touching gratitude It - accepted Its. per
sonal liberty aa .something sacred, and
with Joy It took up the many new bur
dens which were Imposed - upon them,
feeling thst with the new privilege must
follow new duties, and up to ths last
reactionary reform In 1800 two Russian
governments,, ths semstvo ot Perm and
Wjatka, were run hy th peasants them
selves and by of fjclsls elected by peas-
ante." V - . , ; ' -
. These peasants governed their own
communities so well thst In all Russia
there wss no district where municipal
Institution ', wer .more splendidly run.
Schools, hospital, churches and publlo
roads were built end more Improvements
were made In these two sematvos than
tn any other In the country, and all
thi was accomplished without borrow
ing a kopeck from the outside, the tax
payers gladly contributing all tha money
necesssry. . ' Z "
Aad there ar many other proof. Hav
not the tena of thousand of soldiers who
hav iAcrMced their live with th great-
at enthualasm In the fsr esst In Man'
Ohurla and Inside the wall of Port
Arthur proved-that the Russian nation
possesses moral power and , courage . to
h rtke heroes T
Were they lighting for a Just cause, had
tney received a little more training,
they would know not only, how to die,
out now to oonquer.
- W have no fear of th disintegration
of the empire. It is only, a question of
time when the nationalities ruled by Rua
sla will acquire autonomy, and this will
happen without the. continuous quarrels
which w wltncsfvery dsy in Austria.
Tbs Russians ar loot nearly a email
a minority within, th empire a ar the
German In Austria.- ' --.
Th' Russian people wilt soon e th
end of autocracy, and when given a con
stltutlon will show itself fully able to
govern Its own affairs, and when full am
nesty Is given to all political ' offender.
tha thousand of men of all classes, who
hav suffered -imprisonment and banish
ment rather than prove traitors to their
Ideals, will carry Russia onward and for
ward On the road to aonor and fame.
From the ranks of these martyr shall be
ehoaen a set of. of Aetata who will soon
silence those who think' that, the Rus
sian people is not fit for self-government
......... ," -.. i. '...;',- -, ' ' 1
j. -' . V 1 - ' ' . - : - ,
. - ; "7 : : '
reputable and unworthy of recognition, ',
and which In their bearta they know to -be
demoralising In every sense of the ' , . -word.
They know thst In mingling with : ' .
such assoolates they Jostle against male
end .female debirnchees, -end yst thsy per ,
slat In landing their Influence to such j
dlsslpatlona until bankruptcy or a trag
edy occurs that brings their -career"'
to a sudden end. ' -- - -
If thOy were ignorant or unaophlstWwi.
cated one could forgive them, but they i.
are neither, and must realise the effect ,
upon- girls and women of the humbler
folks.. The press of th whot country
I full of accounts of th fall of woman .'
who. have been-pa Merntng"-efter- their !
sisters of ths highest ; society. -' They . 1
have, probably done no worse than their .
models, but they hav no money with
which to veneer their conduct and are,
therefore, held up to publlo Scorn. .
The time has come when th nobt :
women Of the United Btates should or- -ganlse
to put down vloe among women '
In high life. They should appeal to th
better nature of that set to stop, their
participation In and patronage of vice.
Urge them to array themselves ,
on th aid f morality and fellgion
for the aake of coming generations. En- '
treat them to frown down demoralising,
and unholy things.-- Beg them to refrain
from receiving er associating with man '
and .women of questionable rcputa-
-Bin la' just ae black Intone' person
as In another.? There Is no reason why ;
persons whosellve and character ar
doubtful should be received because they -are
great geniuses. Their Immorality'
may overshadow their genius. Ths fact " .
that . they may be wonderfully gifted ,
makes their Influence all th more dan
geroua. The good and pure coming la .,
contact wfth fascinating people are el-
wsys more ot less Iraprsssed, and should
therefore ,be , all . the more carefully - -guarded.
The artist who 1 known to -be
wsntlng In character should not be . '
brought Into th home circle and feted
and admired, . .
- A standard of morality should be ea- :
tablished In , our - country whos .
lawa should be Inexorable, and 'every
parson should be required to live up to , '
them or auffer the consequences. They
should be unrecognised, no matter what
their talent or .their wealth. Intelll- '.
gene,- moral Integrity and uprightnea ' -of
character should be the only passport " '
required for admission to th Inner cir
cles of society. ' '.
In thi day of loose morals money ha i
all ton much power In opening. th door J.
of th Internal sanctum . of what is -.
known a th beat society.. Soma of th .,
moat gifted persons in the United State .
have scant recognition from the profes
sional leaders of society, while -gilded
vulgarity Is ovsrwhelmed with stten- ,
Thus ws ar drifting away from the " ;
away whloh-moral worth should exercise ,, - a .
and unless there te a halt and a change '
evil Influences will sap the very founds. '
tlon of our social relations. - It la use-''.
less to preach against vice If we go en
recognising the vicious. .
. .It Is folly to condemn crime ir we
continue our aentlmentallsm toward -
crlralnala. The true women of th nation; '
can do mora to bring about reformation
than all other force combined, and .it -I
to be boned that they will begin their
work earnestly with the New Tear, and
that they can . soon enlist all women
In the boly cause, of trying to better
mankind, and thereby fill the mission
which God Intended women should par
form, ' - f '- ' ,
0 hi v-
V Beaseat to Be Bopeleea.
.From the Chicago Record-Herald.
'"I see. they're thinking ef shutting -
down the 'South Dakota divorce mill."
he Said. . . t . . - ...
"Oh. well, never mind, ah answer L
"if the worst comes ho the worst we
can "go . oa .th stag la order te U
eura.'1 ,