3 Changed Ideas About Monarchies andv Republics
By JAMES BKfCE
(Copxrlglit. 104. by tne Amerlcaa Joureal
xsBlaer )
THERE la very marked differ
ence in the attitude toward po
litical questions which th peo
ple of western Europe have now
from that they had 60 years ago. and In
the amount of Interest they give differ
ent kinds of queatlona.
Thar ta laaa lntereat In political
forma, laaa interest In constitutions, leaa
Interest in abstract political doctrines,
than there waa then. These things now
Occupy students learned men.
It waa aald at the time of the French
revolution that Ideas and doctrlnea had
paased from tha lecture-roam Into the
street; now they have passed from tha
street back Into tha lecture-room. In
England, for Instance, you hear vary lit
tle aald about tha British constitution
Thirty, forty or fifty yeare ago you
never want to a public political meeting
without hearing somebody speak of that
constitution. The Whigs maintained
that It waa only through them that the
constitution was preserved; and the
Tories ware aa positive in their vlewa
that It wag only they who ware its true
support era
Forty or fifty year ago -there were
Repubilcana In England not, of course,
a large party, not in any aanaa a revo
lutionary party, but there were plenty
AN English cynic has Just written
a book about how to manage a
wife. A careful perusal of it
shows that It Is valuable only
aa Indicating how little a man really
knows of the subject. It alao explains
why so few men are able to boss ths
weaker veesel.
In reality there te nothing easlsr than
managing a wife, but perhaps no one but
a woman knows the foibles by which her
ex can be worked. Certainly only a
man would give aueh advtos as that
contained ta the Inspired volume re
ferred to: "Never let your wife think."
"Assert your authority," and so on. A
woman knows that the way to manage
a wlfs Is to make her think that ahe is
doing the thinking for the entire family
and that she Is the queen of ths house
hold. Of course there are different women
who must be managed In different ways,
hut there are certain principles that ap
ply to all femininity. One of these is
that a woman can only be cured of her
faults by praising her virtues. To blame
a woman for anything that aha doee
wrong la merely to continue her In her
misdeeds and to perpetuate her ta her
mistakes,
- For Instance, suppose a man Is mar
ried to a woman who Is a bad and slov
enly housekeeper. He might complain
about th cooking and rage over her un
tidiness until doomsday without ef
fecting a rform but if he will begin
praising her for her exquisite little din
ners and ths artistio skill shs displays
ta her house, she will cheerfully scrub
herself to a fraasle cleaning up. and
make a burnt offering of herself on the
kitchen range.
: i he same plan works equally well ta
the matter of economy. A man never
makes a mors fatal mistake than when
he scolds his wife for being extravagant
She feels that shs Is going to be blamed
anyway, and that shs might as well have
the consolation of buying what aha
wants; but If hs can only induce her
Southward Ho!
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
(Copyright 10. y the ASkaricaa-JoOrasl-ax-
Biuiueja. vsr
W1
r. miner Great Britain Blgkts Reserved.)
HTING in 1801. Sir Clement
Markham. president of the
Royal Geographical society
made the statement tnat tne
last niece of Arctic discovery Which re
malned has been completed, that the
whole scheme of Arctic geography waa
t length discovered and explained elnce
the return of Captain Sverdrup and Com
mander Pearv from the Arctlo regions.
"There Is now no difficulty," hs said,
"In reaching the pole. Nansen, with hla
theory of tha westward drift in ths
Arctic regions, has amply verified hla
convictions.
But for various reasons ths explora
tion of the region surrounding the south
pole hss not yet attracted such general
Interest as that of ths region about the
north pole. Geographers have admitted
In general the existence of an Antarctic
continent, having as Its centra tha south
pola. The deptha of the Arctlo sea are
actually a little warmer, if anything,
than those of the oceans further south,
for even under the Ice In the northern
world there Is a kind of mosa. which ex
hibits the elementary vegetable life, and
thanks to thla curious growth the ice
floe In the north. In place of being a
hideous desert, assumea tha appearance
of a great floating prairie.
But the Antarctic sone 1s an Immense
expanse, perpetually frosen. of which the
center la occupied by a vaat continent
girdled by loe which forms the Ice-floe.
The main continent Is covered perpetu
ally with enow, driven round the rock
summits, rising like Alps agalnat ths
dark sky, and the spectacle is that of a
colossal floating glacier. Happy, there
fore, was tha greeting brought by the
American ambassador to Captain Scott
and his brave companions, after three
years' absence In the An tart lc "You
have placed," be said, "the British flag
furtheet south Let Commander Peary
plant ths stars and stripes at the north
pole, then the two ends of the globe
will meet in the warm, fraternal em
brace of the Anglo-Saxon race."
Mr. Choate used tnese eloquent words
on the occasion of his presenting the
gold medal for 1104 for tha Philadelphia
Geographical aociety to tne gaiiant ex
plorer who haa Just returned from his
perilous expedition, and great cheers
greeted the sentiment from the vaat
audience gathered a few nlgftta ago In
the Albert hall. London, to do honor to
the peaceful conquerors.
A very modest tale was told by ths
youngest captain In his majesty's navy
with regard to the great deede wrought
by the Antarctic expedition which he
was appointed to command. Captalri
Scott had woa renown aa an officer of
great ability and intelligence on the
battleship Majestic, had received val
uable scientific training, and was tor
pedo lieutenant before being sent far
south. He hsd youth on his side, and
energy to do and to command, and It was
difficult to believe that he had attained
10 years of life, so boyish wss his ap
pearance when he stood to tell the atory
that woa for him not only tha gratitude
of theoretical Republicans. And there
was a general Idea general, though un
spoken that tha time would come, par
haps within the life of people then liv
ing, whan a republic would be estab
lished In England.
The Idea has completely gone. Ton
cannot hear the worda "republic" or "re
publicanism" mentioned. Everybody is
perfectly satisfied with monarchy; and,
ta fact, many people think It works In
soma respects better, because it doesn't
oblige us to put as particular head of
tha state, to whom homage la rendered,
a person for whom wa may have a dis
like, aa we might have for a leader a
political leader one who haa risen to
tha position aa head of the party. Aa
compared with France, wa think wa are
vary fortunate.
In Germany at one time there was a
great deal of republican sentiment At
the present time not only has republi
canism gone out, but there la a feeling
in favor of a strong monarchy.
In Italy, of course, there waa a very
strong Republican party. It hasn't tha
same power now that it onoa had; It
doeen't seem to have tha strength.
Franca la a republic; but in Franca,
curiously enough, the converse has hap
pened to what haa happened In England.
There tha party which was opposed to
a republic, which desired to esiaonsn a
Managing a Wife jj
By B 5 L L E BLITZ
to believe that aha la a great financier,
shs wlH parq down ths bills like a mtssr
to llvs up to her reputation.
The man who would manage bis wlfs
in the vital matter of expenditure should
also be careful never to criticise any
thing that shs buys. This is a point
upon which the average husband exhibits
great folly, for he falls to take into
consideration thst If he makes his wife
dissatisfied shs will gd straightway and
buy something even more costly.
If, when a woman appears with a new
hat and asks her husband how he likes
It hs says: "Great snakes, but that's
ths limit It looks like a dlshpan with
a Thanksgiving turkey on the side. The
milliner that designed that combination
of fowl and lace and vegetables and flow
ers must have had ths delirium tremens
and it makes you look about 40 years
old." he la Just aa aura to have to pay a
bill for a new hat as ths sun rises on
another shopping day. If. however, on
the contrary, be Is discreet enough to
exclaim: "My, but it's a beauty, and it
makes yob look exactly like you did
when I fell in love With you." the hat
lasts all that season and continuee Its
usefulness into another. No wit la so
costly as ths jokes a man Indulges In
about his wife's bargains.
A man who wishes his wlfs to be ut
terly obedient and do exactly as He says.
should loudly disclaim all deslrs to
manage her, and ahould waive every
vestige of outward authority. When dlf
ferenees of opinion arise, aa they muat
In ayery family, and the wife wlshss to
do one thing and tha huaband another,
the man who asserts that he la tha bead
of the house Is lost.
Thst fatal phrase turns a woman Into
adamant. She sulks and cries until shs
forces her husband to give In. but if ha
la wise enough not to argue the point
but merely to assume a hurt expres
sion, and, say: 'Certainly, my dear,
everything shall be as you wish, for my
only object In 'life is to make you
happy," the woman prostrates herself
of hla countrymen, but a world renown.
From the commander to the bumbleat
member of the crew (about 50 all told),
the one animating motive seems to have
been that each should strive his utmost
to help in any and every possible way to
add to the eum of human knowledge. Of
ficers and men worked together with the
greatest devotion. "On ths sledges or
on the saws, in coaling or In watering
the ehlp. or at any task that nssded to
be done hurriedly, officers and men have
tolled slds by side and grudged no labor
until ths work was finished." This is
the verdict of ths commander.
No one rejoiced more than the ex
plorers themselves that after almost giv
ing up hope, they eventually succeeded
In bringing their Dundee-built ship home
again. The grip of ths Antarctic ice
was so strong that after ths first year
in the south. Captain Scott and his men
were compelled to abandon the idea of
returning with the relief ship. Morning,
and after the second winter It looked as
If they would have to leave the Discov
ery to the merciless hold of ths enemy,
a sorrowful memento of their impotence
in the face of nature Sawing and ex
ploding the Ice had but llttl effect
At the eleventh hour, however, hie keen
disappointment was avsrtsd.
When all the valuablea and records
had been removed and every prepara
tion made for abandoning the ehlp, a
spirit of kindliness seemed to penetrate
even the Antarctic monarch. His grip
was loosened, steam power and the will
ing co-operation of everyone did the
reat. and the Joy of the returning heroes
waa completed by the fact that tbey
reached home- In their own ahlp.
Next In importance to men. In a polar
expedition, are the doga. Unfortunately
all the dogs taken out by Captain Scott
died, or had to be killed, but three pup
pies born in the Antarctic have come
back In the ship. Quits pathetic was
tha praise oY the oommsnder regarding
ths work of ths faithful dogs.
As long as life lasted they would
exert themselves to pull to the utmost
of their power. He declared that they
were most willing and excellent ser
vants, but they succumbed to the rigor
of their surroundings. One of them be
came ao thin that he went by the name
f "n,. Shadow of Death
it waa
like parting with frlenda to aae the dogs
die." said the young sailor
His sentiment reminded me of the ex
pression uaed by a discontented native of
Nova Zambia, alttlng en an upturned
saucepan, chatting to one of the explor
ers of that distant region. He had a
nloe home, a wife and children, and yet
ha was not satisfied "What more do
you want?" aaked the traveler, and he
anawered laconically, "Dogs. One dog
better than 10 wives Wives cannot
drive sledge and catch deer. Want
dogs." And, Indeed, the Importance of
the canine companion waa amply veri
fied In thla Antarctic expedition.
lodging le the backbone of aueh an
expedition. It waa the custom on the
Discovery to greet returning parties that
had been out from 10 to 15 daya with a
simple "Hallo! Here you ars again!"
monarchy and gat rid of tha republic.
haa come around to support the repub
lic. That party was tha party which waa
permeated with tha Ideas of the Roman
church and tha pope, Leo XIII, advised
tha Catholics to rally to tha support of
the republic.
Tha difference between a monarchy
and a republic Is more a difference in
name than ta substance. There have
been occasions whan certain sections
have taken a too Indulgent view of the
government of Vsnssuela, but on tha
whole one might say, at leaat I hope I
am right In saying, that among the edu
cated clasaea in tha United States these
things are now regarded as Butters of
facts, and they do not believe that every
monarchy Is Ilka the monarchy of Mo
rocco and every republic Ilka the re
public of Venssuela.
In England there la alao very much
leaa of a demand for freedom. There
la leas outspoken and general aympathy
for any people or race struggling for
freedom or for nationality. Forty. 50.
60 or TO years ago from tha daya of
Lord Byron downward wa had ta Eng
land a warm sympathy for all oppressed
people. The occasions, no doubt, are
not so numerous, but when ths occa
sions do .arise they evoke far less
and begs the dear, angelic, unselfish
creature to trample upon her. Give
woman the. last word in a quarrel, and
you may have the thing you have quar
raled about
If a man wants to go out of an even
Ing ha ahould not attempt to sneak or
tell his wlfs fairy stories about sick
friends and lodge meetings, guch con
duct Invariably calls for curtain lectures
when the delinquent cornea home, but a
bluff will work. If he boldly thanka
heaven, In hla wlfe'a preeence, that he la
not like the poor, miserable, down
trodden, henpecked men who are mar
rled to women who are such shrews that
their husbands have to lie to their wives
and purloin a latchkey by stealth, she
will let him go without a word, and get
up at 1 a m. to open the door for him
without a reproach, because he haa made
her feel that aba Is so broad and liberal
minded.
It la alao well for a man to oonflde
all that he does to hla wife. She Is sure
to hear the tale anyway, and there Is
nothing like being tha one to tell the
atory. Between aaylng: "I had to talk
over some letters I wanted eent with my
stenographer, and so I took her out to
lunch. Goodness, but what an appetite
she s got! I don't believe she gets
enough to eat every day," and having a
dear, kind friend say: "I saw your bus
band out with that pretty blonde ete
nographer of his, with ths peroxide
pompadour, gay, but she's a stunner!
is sll the difference between casual In
terest and green-eyed Jealousy that
ends in ths divorce courts.
A man who wishes to manage his
wlfs should never praise another woman
to her. It doesn't inspire a woman to
want to be a good cook because Mrs.
Jones Is, or to be Intellectual becauae
Miss Smith Is. or amiable because Mrs.
Brown is so sweet tempered. On the
contrary. It makes her take a mental
vow to be Just as little like those est!
mable ladles as possible.
Finally, and this Is really the golden
Such returns were regarded as everyday
occurrences. But when the sledges hsd
been absent from 50 to 70 days, and
were alghted on their return, great ex
cltement prevailed and a deputation went
out to meet them. Captain Scott and
two officers succeeded In reaching the
moat aoutbern point yet recorded 270
mllea further south than any prevloua
explorer. Tha party waa out 4 daya.
and was reduced to half ratlona before
reaching "home."
Christmas day occurred during the
trip, and the day did not pass unob
served. One of the party had carefully
treasured a plum pudding: two olgar
sttss and a pleoa of holly completed the
festive appearance of the Britons who
were in the unknown Antarctic on the
great Chrlatmaa festival. A photograph
was taken of the party in "the one suit
of clothes, that did useful duty all th
time we were away from the ehlp."
During the long Antarctic night every
possible effort was made to drive away
black melancholy and the disagreeable
effect upon man and beaat of the con
tinuous darkness, with Its accompani
ments of galea and b lis sards. Very little
trouble was experienced in this respect.
If a slight disagreement arose it waa
soon quieted, said one of ths officers,
with tha worda, "Girls, girls! What are
you dolngf '1 do not know why he
said 'girls, girls.' " remarked the offi
cer In question, "but I do know that It
had the desired effect" Th theatre
was a sou res of continual amusement t
both players and audience.
Another diversion was th monthly
magaalne. published under th title of
the "South Polar Times." It contained
a diary of the events of each month; but
the great feature of the work la the
admirable watercolor drawings by Dr.
Wilson or animal lire in the remote
Antarctic; silhouettes and caricatures
of ths explorers, and of tha penguin
which greeted them with a mild surprise.
added great lntereat to the pagaa of the
South Polar Times." And such events
aa the blooming of a crocus on Good
Friday, the only flower seen alnoe leav
ing the land.
It stands greatly to tha credit of the
offlcera and man of the expedition that
only one life waa loat during tha three
years' absence, and tha seaman Who Waa
drowned met with hla death by slipping
down a ataep elope. In a blinding storm,
and falling over the edge of the cliff
into the sea.
During their stay In tha aouth the
explorers discovered 500 new forma of
animal Ufa. among others a spider with
five aeta of lega A seal It feet long
was caught. "We called him 'good old
friend.' " aald the captain, "for we fed on
him for two year!" Ths sea leopard la
a ferocious looking creature He swal
lows penguins whole. It Is, however,
ths "little men ta evening dress," as
ons of ths Offleera calls the penguins,
that afforded th most human liftereet
They also appear to have some military
Instinct, for at times they may he seen
marching in serried ranks to a certain
spot on the lea. They halt, right about
turn and march back In the same order.
Tha rookerlee of the emperor penguin
were discovered. Little had previoualy
been known about theae birds, but when
the "Dlecoverere" found bund rede of
thousands of them In one place they
gathered facta as welt aa egga. The
gga. It seems, are raid In the darkest
period of the yar. and when the young
Chick emerges It sits on Its mother)
feet as a protection against the intense
bold. Their larder arrangements art
warmth of feeling than they did in thoee
days.
Tha earns thing is true of Germany.
The feeling waa never quite so strong
In Germany as In England, but there ta
very little now. When those massacres
occurred lh Armenia in 116, and whsn
the massacres subsequently occurred In
Macedonia, there was very little ex
pression of sympathy In Germany for
ths people there, although ths oppres
sions from which they suffered were
more terrible than those which Italy
or Hungary ever suffered. And perhaps
even in France it lan't quite ao strong
aa It was.
"The consequence of this phenomena
can be stated. One of them la quite
pronounced. It la true that freedom Is
not perfect, nor Is the principle of na
tionality properly applied. Then, fur
ther, there haa been disappointment
with ths results achieved by liberty, by
nationality. Thla Is remarkable; It Is
significant. It Is svsn surprising, and
yet It ought not to surprise any histori
cal student. It Is quits in ths line of
all of our historical experience. This
characteristic In human nature la as old
as human nature itself.
Be It a forgotten age to which they
look hack In the past, as they did In the
middle ages, or be It a forgotten age
key that unlocks tha whole problem, the
way to manage a woman ia by tender
ness, klndnees and compliments. No
woman can be driven even into doing the
thing aba wanta to do. but any woman
can be Jollied Into doing anything her
huaband desires her to do. --'
Mans Attitude
Toward
Erring Woman
By ELLA WHEELER WILCOX
(Oepyrlght 1004. br W. R Hearst)
It" asks one. "That
Judgea and Jurors at
moat Invariably en
deavor to acquit
woman criminal and endeavor, with Juat
as much peralstence, to oonvlct a
accused of crime? A lawyer defending
a woman lays great stress upon the fact
that the Jurors have mothers and sisters
But have they not also fathers and
brothers f Why is- a woman who de
ceives and misuses several men admirers
less reprehensible In the eyes of the law
than a man who wrongs a woman 7
cannot understand this tbtng. Can you
explain!
It is not necessary to look far to find
the explanation of man a mental atti
tude In aueh esses. My questioner, i
man, ought to look In his own heart for
the answer. Man, since the beginning of
history up to ths last quarter of the last
century, has been woman's ruler, teacher,
guide, mentor and critic It is he who
has laid down tha moral code for her,
and it la he who has taught her to con-
aider him her superior In all things and
all vocations, save that of chtldbearing.
It haa been man's greatest mental
recreation to muss on the Inferior, cling
lng and helpless qualities of woman.
Tha last Quarter of a oentury, the laat
half of a century. In truth, haa dlsturnea
him somewhat In theae reveries, but he
still regards her with that protective
and naternsJ feeling which Is tne result
of mingled Inherent and acquired habits
of thought.
Added to this he has ths indisputable
facts before his eyes of the physical
handicap which nature put upon woman
In the way of penalties for wrongdoing
penalties which are at tne same time
her blessings when ahs treads tne pain
of virtue and rectitude.
When a woman la behaving herself,
when aha la ruling aociety and ths home,
and even Interfering In man's domain
in business, ha for the time, forgets her
weakness, her helplessness and bar
handicaps and becomes her tempter and
her critic. But when she is in trouoia.
he recalls all these conditions and la
again her protector and defender.
However appearances and circumstan
tial avldence may be against her. he
knows In his deepest heart that as a
rule, some man first took the woman's
hand and lad her toward the path of
folly that ofttimee flower-hidden ave
nue to the dark road of crime.
It la the egotism, the vanity, tne
nltv and the reverence in man s nature
all combined which makes him so much
more aympntneuo toward a woman
criminal than toward a alnner of bia own
sex.
It Is aulte true that were the life of
many an Immoral woman Investigated it
would be found that ahe made the flratj
advance to the man wno ia ner vicum
or paramour. There are women liber
tines and moral outlaws In ths World.
Tet even then a Just Judge or Jury real
ise that the man knew what he waa about
when he responded to her advances and
that he hed less to sacrifice In the eyea
of ths world than ths woman. Being the
stronger, fortified by nature and the lawa
of society, it behooved him not only to
reelat her advances but to try and put
hsr Into the path of rectitude.
If men would show ths same spirit
toward woman at all tlmaa which they
exhibit on the Judge's bench and In ths
Juror's box few women criminals would
be brought before them.
Hundreds of msn forget tnat may
have mothers and sisters when tney
tempt innocent women sequalntances
and employes Into folly, but they re
member the relationship of the har
dened criminal to their dear ones
It Is a peculiar fact tnat wnne man
will do all In his power to aeiena a
woman of blemished reputation when
her life is ta danger, he will object to
having the good women of hie family
champion her cause
They may express syrapamy, dwx
they muat not give personal atrengm
or consolation.
Woman la rapidly nuahlng herseir io
a position where man wilt regard her
with lees consideration in ner uras i
trial.
ThlB fact la already Bhown in puouc
conveyances, where ne in no longer
llcltous for her comfort and health.
One man gives a woman a eeat now
In a crowded vehlcl where tow sprang
to their feet 10 yeara ago.
The day wilt come. 1 doubt not. when
the partiality of which my questioner
complains wilt no longer manifest Itself.
certainly eurtoua The mother finds and
swallows the food; when the young ones
are hungry they -put their heads Into the
mother s mouth and help themaelves to
what they like!
Two years ago, when Sverdrup's dis
coveries were given to the world, the
president of ths Royal Geographical ao
ciety wrote that he "had forged the laat
link In tha work of centuries." and we
may now turn, he added, "to the other
atlll unknown regions with the great
cry f 'Southward. Ho! " The young
sailor who hss Juat returned haa now
achieved thla aucceaa
which they expect to have In the fu
ture, they cannot rid themselves of the
Idea that these evils, which really aye
inherent In human nature, are capable
of being removed.
Consequently, free governments have
been established aver nearly the whole
civilised world, and foreign rule'has been
expelled, but the haven of happiness and
peace has not yet been reached. The
ground haa been cleared of the old
weeds, but new weeds have sprung up
Instead.
In all of ths free governments there
are still quarrels and factions, and still
fraud and self-seeking ambition, some
corruption and a great deal of discon
tent The representative system of gov
ernment, which we have ta Great Brit
ain, has been applied to many modern
countries, but It -hasn't succeeded so
well It hasn't succeeded in England,
and It hasn't produced satisfaction.
There Is hardly a legislature In Europe
Or anywhere else which Is nearly aa
good ss the legislature of 10 yeare ago.
They hsve had some eucceaa ta Oar
many. J That ia particularly due to the
great success the Germans had In their
war. That waa a war undertaken by
patriotic citizens. It waa crowned with
aucceaa. and yet nobody will say that
Has Not tne
WgasMw
(Oovjrlstat, 104. by the Amerlesn-Jourul-lx
miner Orest .Britain Bights Reserved.)
sa. "WOTWITHBTANDINO ths fact
N
that tha loans deelred by
Russia and Japan have been
oversubscribed, and that neither
nation haa exhausted Its financial and
numerical strength, it is quits tims ths
struggle should cease. Modern civiliza
tion cries out against such cruel sacri
fice of human life. Both nations have
demonstrated that they are Indifferent
to the fate and hardships of war, and
that their courage and endurance are
prodigious.
Tha legions who hava bravely marched
to the slaughter and stoically laid down
their Uvea without the slightest hope
of advantage to themselves or their
posterity have proven their loyalty to
and their blind faith In their rulers
When one reflects, as a matter of fact
ths war was waged over tha reault of
what seemed to be bad faith on the Dart
of Russia In exoeedlng privileges granted
by a treaty with China, and In which
Japan had no volca Japan, howsver,
was affected by Russia's action and,
therefore, resorted to war to restrain
Russia in her high-handed aggressions.
Everyone who has followed the oass
knows that after China's humiliation by
Japan shs was suing for sympathy
snu monetary assistance. Russia, see
ing her opportunity, played the role of
friend something after the manner of
the fox in the fable. She came to the
reaoue, loaned money, and waa profuse
with her aympathy. asking In return the
email privilege of extending a railroad
from Harbin to Port Arthur. China,
therefore, entered Into a treaty grant
ing the request and alao allowing Rusala
to occupy one of the islands near Tal
llenwan to provide a place for the Rus
sian ships. She secured alao the--right
to protect the railroad with Russian
troops, on Its face an Innocent btodo-
sitlon. Presto chsngei in a brief time
Impregnable fortifications sprung up
Ilka mushrooms snd Japan and all other
MOST REMARKABLE
LIFE
From the Chicago Tribune.
HE most remarkable existence of
a human being one whoae sur
vlvlng parent died at her birth,
who lived 111 years, and who
baa Juat died in Sharon, Minn., leaving
not a single descendant Is thst of Mrs.
Purehsart Wakeley. By her death ths
oldest woman of Minnesota has been re
moved from ths scsne of her remarkable
Ufa
Mrs. Wakslsy was 111 years of sgs.
Despite the fact that ahe was married
three ttmea and became the mother of
14 children, who all lived to the age of
20 yeara or mora and many of whom
married and became fatbera and moth
ers, yet all of Mrs. Wakeley's hus
bands relatives died before aha did, and
at her death ahe left not a relative to
eurvlve her.
Three months before her birth, on July
I, 171, her father, one of the Imperial
guards of the person of the dauphin of
France, wae killed by the Jacobin shoe
maker, Antolne Simon, to whom the
young prince was given In charge by the
revolutionists. Her mother, who was
English by birth, died In giving birth to
her only child, snd a distant English
relative named her Pureheart. Her fath-
er'e name was Isadora Dumourela
At the age of II Pureheart Dumourela
waa married to a captain In the Sngllah
army, who two yeara later waa killed at
tha battle of Waterloo. The young
widow, shortly after her bereavement.
came to the United Statea with a party
of emigrants, and four ysars later mar
ried a man named Edward Gray, who
enlisted In the army and wae the first
American soldier killed by the Mexicans.
August 1. 1147. ta ths first attack on
ths City of Mexico.
She then went to California with a
party of goldseekers In 11S0, snd there
in 11(0 married Oscar Wakeley, a auo-
cessful miner. Two years rater the
Wakeleys removed from California to
Johnatown, Pa., where their numeroua
descendants lived, and where 41 mem
bers of the family, all of them except
Mrs. Wakeley and one son. were drowned
In the flood of May, 111.
With this aon Mrs. Wakeley went to
Minnesota and bought a large farm near
Luverna Six yeara later she and her
aon rented the farm and moved to Gal
veston. Tex., where the aon loat hla life
in the tidal wave that overwhelmed that
city. Mrs Wakeley eeeaped and wen
back to the Minneaota farm, where she
rr sided until her death.
The csarevltch haa Juat taken hla
flrt sleigh ride. His perambulator
sledge la a miracle of ingenious and
dainty constructive art. In order to
maintain ita reeemblance to a horse
eledge It la fitted with tiny allver bells
which Ruaaiana call "bubentchtkl."
The panels are painted aky blue,
adorned with the monogram. "A. N ."
standing for the hers name. Alexel
Nlcolalevltrh. and Inside Is Soft-upholstery
of blus silk. The child Is kept
warm by a priceless ermine perambula
tor rug. The handles are of Ivory, and
all the fittings stiver.
Bometlmee the perambulator Is
pushed, not by the nurse, hut bv the gi
gantic veteran. Zlmln. whose office la
to protect the precious Infant from In
trusive curiosity or poealble
that war haa bean of any benefit to
Germany.
Ths only reason why theaa tendenctee
have prevailed In Germany is owing to
the extraordinary aucceaa that attended
Bismarck and to ths Impressions made
by his character. Bismarck achieved,
by forcible means and by arbitrary
means, that which other people have
faUed to achieve by their physical
means. His success has been of great
benefit to Germany as a means of
achieving things, and I don't think sny
one ahould be surprised that if Is so.
Bismarck s Influence haa been by no
means confined to Germany. His career
has produced a great Impression upon
other countries. Perhaps no career
since Napoleon's has mads so great an
Impression. It may be aald that Na
poleon's career did not make so great
an impraaalon, because his career ended,
eo far as his personality was concerned,
in failure and dlaaatar. With Bismarck,
though there were some clouds that
gathered around, his end wss achieved.
Accordingly, his career has made a great
Impression, not only upon Germany, but
upon ell Europe.
There 1 another disappointment which
we have seen. Freedom and nationality
TP A
i ime Arrive
By MRS. JOHN A. LOGAN.
countries were barred out of Manchuria
except by Ruaalan permlsalon.
Astute Jspsn saw the sequel end pre
pared to dispute Russian supremacy.
Unparalleled warfare followed and le
still on Both nations have spilled their
best blood, and the Indications are that
If left to their own devices the two great
commanders and their followers will par
iah in a death struggle with each other.
They probably will not be allowed to
enact ao unholy a tragedy. The clamor
for peace la being heard In all directions.
Russia haa other and even greater perils
than that of straining every nerve to
postpone the day of her humiliation In
Manchuria, saving her depleted army
from capture and keeping up supplies
under WKmf insurmountable difficulties
on account of its remoteness.
Ths liberal element, through the Zem
stvo representatives, have made moat
unusual demonstration In a moot effec
tive way, aa they disclaim all dealre or
Intention of creating revolution or dlj
order, but affirm an lntereet In the "ev
olution of social and Intellectual life of
Rusala." Finland and Poland contrib
uting largely to the movement. 14 Seems
that the recent proclamation of the cxar
on the birth of his son and heir is being
taken seriously Ths people of Finland
In sending greetings to tha assembly
Of Zemstvo representatives express
themselves In unmistakable terms on the
question of the participation by the peo
ple in the government, saying. "Now
that ths government hae Just proclaimed
confidence in the people, the - develop
ment of their moral, intellectual and
social forces is1 henceforth opened to the
powerful, generous Russian genius "
Prince gvlatopolk-Mlraky. minister of
the interior, le the medium through
whom they will present their petitions:
great confidence la reposed In him as
a statesman and loyal adherent 'to the
cssr. Hs haa a moat delicate' position
to fill and If he falla In hla diplomacy
ha ia himself liable to fait a victim
to the wrath of the cssr or the people,
Once the representatives of the peo
Power of tne
By PROF. EDGAR L. LARKIN.
vopy
N
Copyright. 1904. by W. R. Hearst
OTHINO Is mors certain than
that our destiny Is In our own
handa If ao, our responsi
bility is enormous We must
walk alone. Man haa never had a trace
of aid; all he haa. ha secured from na
ture by hard work.
There la one difference only between
the savage and the enlightened. One
does not know a solitary law of nature,
and tha other knows msny.
Ths strange part- of it la nature doea
not care whether we find out one of her
lawa or not No trace of eympathy, eo
ltcltude or regard for man haa ao far
been detected In the realm of nature.
Thua If the aun ahould explode and lib
erate heat from within sufficient to de
stroy every vestlgs of life on earth, na
ture would not even have a qualm of con
science. Or, if one hundred million
worlds like the earth, all inhabited by
human beings, should dtsaolve In fiery
gaa. nature would not know It. or, rather.
miss them. Thla la Ilka the war be
tween Japan and China; many of the
Chinese did not hear of It until peace
had been declared.
The earth la ao unutterably email that
tt aeeme to have been overlooked; that
la. no Information or help of any kind
haa ever been received from any external
source. Our only hope, therefore. I
within ourselves. We must be up snd
doing, for only a limited number of laws
hss been discovered so fsr.
Nature never gave a hint of the vaat
atore of electricity waiting to be used;
nor any Idea how to uae It. ghe gave
ua no Inkling of the telegraph, telephone
and dynamo. By weary toll alone man
haa secured what little he now calls his
own.
But nature has given us slmost limit
less mental powers, and it behoovea us
to use them, snd without dslay.
Our deatlny on eart h Is precisely aa we
make It. We can be high or low. and
the moment It Is generally known
throughout the world that we can as
cend to any height we wish and that we
muat elevate ouraelvea, then It seems
reasonable to say that a acene Of un
paralleled activity will Set In.
Inetead of murdering one another, the
entire surface of the earth will be re
modeled. Swamps will be drained and
filled, and the deserts obliterated. The
coat of war would rebuild every city on
earth on known hygienic plana. Disease
would vanish end poverty. For science
can bring about a happy age. if murder
ers wilt permit. And they will give per
mission, for soon "honor" will be with
drawn from "killers.''-and then they will
be ashamed and retire. The change Is
on now. for all thought of giving "honor"
to Ruaalan and Japanese murderers Is
vanishing among the cultured and re
fined. It la probably aafa to aay that three
fourths of the world s literature la now
obsolete. All metaphysics, speculation,
philosophy. abstraction, auperstltlnna
myth, tradition and vagarlea of nature
are now so useless and, senseless that
they have ne place In the new century.
Hooks enough te rover a square mile
are now fit only for making new
were expected to bring about
peace. They haven't. It was tbewgM
0 years ago that, as wears rn the past
had been very often oauasd by ths am
bition of moaareha. i aasjhllifl l would
take the place of monarchy. But thai
hasn't happen si. Rope biles have been
foupd quite aa apt to be carried away
by passion and by their eeatisseats se
the monarchs of previous times were.
And then, the center of gravity ta
politics has rather shifted, tl used ta
lie la constitutional question, ta ths dis
tribution of political power bslsjieu dif
ferent classes, in the structure Pt the)
machinery of the government Bert now
It lies In economic interests, and hence
there Is less room In people's minds for
these political questions, or for the lov
of freedom, than there formerly Warn.
The Interest In natural scleaoe and
the Immense benefits which natural
science and Invention confer upon ua haa
largely displaced the thought of politics
from our minds.
We are now bent upon the develop
ment of the strength and wealth of the
state, and we Hot only desire that In
dividuals should be rich, but we want
the state to make the prosperity of ths
Individuals.
d for P
1
eace :
ple are allowed to move for development
and better conditlone. they will force
peace negotiations between Russia and
Japan.
The present civilisation will do much
toward facilitating tha downfall of auto
cracy. All the world la converted to
belief In "equality of all Individuals
before the law" and the right of sll men
to life and liberty. Autocracy haa eo
long hindered progress and kept the
serf In slavery and Intellectual dark
neaa that it may take time to rescue
htm from his present degenerate condi
tions. But when he Is awakened to what
hs may be with Just consideration by
his government he will be a greater ter
ror to hla autocratic rulers than the
nihilist has been in the past.
Like a contagion, the waves of civil-,
txatlon are sweeping over the whole
world, and woe betide the monarch and
officiate of despotism to whom responsi
bility for the people's wrongs can be
traced. Armies can no longer be brought
to the front with a blast from the trum
pet of aome Roderlc Dhu. nor men forced
to flght for the perpetuation Of an au
tocracy that ignores all human rights.
In addition, the Impetus recently given
to the movement for universal peace
by the action of the United States. Great
Britain and France muat naturally very
soon reach the point of Interference to
stop this sacrificial war so fruitless of
good to either of the nations engaged in
the deadly struggle.
And while both nations ars reported .
to have announced their determination
to continue till -the lsst man has fallen.
Christian Influences must surely Inter
pose for a cessation of hostilities. Be
fore this fall. DeWltte gave out that
Russia was not irrevocably pledged to
war.- Japan has more than once
pressed ths desire for peace after her
victories. It would be unnatural If the
baneful Influence which prolongs the
carnage did not soon lose Its power and
the better angel of peace spread her
-white wings over the whole ghastly
seen.
Human Mind
No up-to-date man now cares for any
thing unleee It rests on a known law of
nature In the nature of the case, any
thing that haa no foundation In natural
law Is useleaa.
It la highly significant that man ta
bis rapid advance Is rendering not mere
ly books, but words obsolete. A general
revision of the dictionary is now dua
All dead words ought to be taken out of
ths living and placed in an appendix, as
curiosities of mental evolution. Of course
a few copies of each dead book ought
to be saved for the earns purpose. Rigid
rock-hewn facts and demonstrated law
only are of the slightest use new. For a
myth will not build an electric railway:
nor incantation or any form of superatt
tlon eliminate disease of body or mind.
Literary and linguistic debris la rap
idly accumulating, and the bitter waters
that havs so long poured into modern
times from agea of Ignorance are being
sweetened by nature's laws.
Ws should all bear In mind:
First Man must work out his own
destiny.
Second This dsstiny oaa be exactly
aa he desires.
Third Man haa power to exterminate
all dlaeases of hla body.
Fourth And ail diseases of his mind.
Fifth Msn haa power to bantah oov-
erty.
sixth He haa power to end war.
Seventh And to banish hospitals, ex
cept for cases where accidents occur.
Eighth He hss power to banish crime
by culture of mind.
Ninth He can expand hie mind se
rar beyond the present boundaries that
comparison falls.
Hospitals, asylums for the Ina
almshouses and prisons can be dts
with. He can master nature by dlsqov-
enng an ner laws. i ne question
win our great mathematicians be able i
to detect them all? For the future t-
reer or s man on earth is now la tf
clutch of mathematicians and elei
triclana
A VABeUrOX
From ths New Tork World.
Measured In dollars the 11 .
oaies or tne 14 cotton erop are)-.
worm leaa than the I0.ooo.000 ha
of tha 1903 erop. The difference
totel value la enormous A pound
raw cotton which laat February
for 17 cents Is worth only t cento
Cotton Is selling at 540 a bale now.
compared to 57 to 17 a year ago.
that rate the total value of the II
rrop win be less than U0.0,a,
the 11 croa .old for over
00.
It Is paradoxical that aa a
of the increased Industry Of the
era plantera they reoetve 110.1
laaa. If they had planted
vated leaa and allowed the bH
to nourish they would havs
off Ths
discourage
diminish the
change of
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