THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAU PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING. JUNE - C, 1CC1.
)
4K ::- 't'V -;v BY, L AD Y'HENRY SO M E R S E T wVi;--,v:"'- ;CV j
"H
1804. by .tee ABierlria-JourMl-
Btaa-locr.) , t . ?
'OWmraterlous are the ways
of Providence. Whf Is It
that children of the tender
eat year are subletted' to
the nerce.t tortures? God give us His
Holy Spirit to amend our hearts and
Uvea, for ' we are desperately . wicked.'
They who do such things, end we who
da not prevent them. Shalt I deliver
rny poor children In the print works?
God .be with we!" ;. ..., ; -v -f v
work, a practice which the state, the
legitimate protector of those who can
not protect themselves, has, in our M me,
wisely and humanely Interdicted, pre
vailed In the seventeenth century to an
extent which, when compared with the
extent of the manufacturing , system,
seems almost incredible. At Norwich.
the chief seat of the clothing trade, n
little creature, of ( years was thought
fit to labor." . ' "
An idea has therefore long-prevailed
that child labor has been killed, that
workers; and asked her age. Nelly was
t years old, thinly dad, with shoes tn
holes', a pathetic little figure, with a face
already drawn and saa. one explained
that she lived with her "mother, two
brothers, one sister, baby nnd me, the
oldest of the lot;" that her mother made
dolls' clothes for living, and she
helped. . J . V' :' ..'
'How much does she get a weear
"Five shillings, but sometimes not so
much, and they all lived In one room.",
'What part of the work do you dor 7
'All parts, sir. I can make dolls'
JackeU and shirts, and petticoats and
bodices, ana every ring wot it wears.
"And when Oft
en' undertaker, A nervous child, whose
eyes looked, as though they, had -rested
6n grewsome sights. , ,
"I works mostly all the evenln'e," said
the boy. "I goesWith the men to meas
ure corpses, and I ,'elps to put them in
their coffins." t -t' i ' .
In the mill districts the life of the
little .half-timer meant "diminished
health, arrested growth and neglected
education, and above HI It robbed the
child of that heritage of play which. Is
forever the right of all healthy, happy
Children. .,' . , . ..-
No wonder, therefore, that when these
facts. were put before. the country the
national conscience was stirred.- From
the school teachers the i verdict . was
unanimous. . The half-timers ' having.
many of them, begun their labors at 4
o'clock , In the day, are , listless and
sleepy. Especially sm0ng.,the girls did
the bad Sects manifest . themselves. i
fit
Why
There Is Macedonia
by Lord edoar newtqn
I
you workf
'"In the dinner times, but mostly la
ILI A O "lawa.-a kail nielli vkea
1. lilt .u ........ . ,
' . . ' '' " I" " ra,UBl and preyed on unprotected lives. :
of the stupendous undertaking of en- Uut ,B tn taBt day, of th nineteenth
neavoring iq pass tne factory leamia- i -, nn ' inn ihn imi..
., umi auuuiu pruitwi in cuuuren ui j hf Mrn tnllad with wear hands' and tne evens ana mania. .
the' country from the crashing condl- I .. ' In a& , it Ags MA 1 asMM . Mllllcf tit I "How late do you stop up. helping"
tions under which they were being- com-i.hnr m.d. almost; more unendurable "Till nearly ' . ,
tiled to work, i Lord Asltley, as be It,, , that hi h.4 tn he wodnui I .What sad stories the aally-dreaaed
then was, had espoused the cause of-the ,n, ,h. a.- , .hM n,,i .-half. I dolls could have told their lltUe foster
-wek, with the chivalry of 8lr Gala- thev m eelied. well as Darents. - ' ,
' icmi'niia ir vi m mwm m uiiiii,. mrtnA nt aiui mtiiaaa npk it i Anainar miia or a nemea ntr Domirim ine cruemea uev nraciroe in tneir
jtw . iB(Ua that the factory oouia no longer I wno hum, win. ,r awupnw awn inwua iiruiin or wtiiy niw. nu
ir ne abandoned his schemes or rerorm, .hi. .n. ti ...r. M ... the nrlee nald. The little Bale tax la woman la maklna- match boxes at two
but, nothing moved him from his holylhut lh, carrat workahooa of the alums I looked up and said:, "1 have helped pence-farthlns arose there is no lels
purpose. , Jarcre alwava inen -to the little toilers mother ever so long, ever. sine I was ure for lor. LJfe Is one long drive to
And yet,. how great waa the problem
to 'regulate, even In a measure, such an
evil. , To legislate for factories and pub
lics worka la comparatively easy, "but to
step acroaa the threshold of home and
control the parents' 'authority over the
child more difficult. . y J
But the revelations of the last few
years. thnka to those who have con
secrated their lives as 'children's friends,
have shown how abject poverty can
blind Its victims until! they no longer
The lives of the children In the cotton
and calico works 'had specially stirred
his pity and Indignation. . Their employ-
meat began between the age of 7 to I,
but cases were known of babies begin
ning-work: from I to' 4 years of age.
Hours for young girls were' Intolerably
long, often lasting from It to II hours
where no factory Inspector could Inter
fere. V
The manufacture of dolls and the
making of dolls clothes Is an Industry
In which many children Are engaged.
Dolls, the Idea. conjures up happy
hours, tender . memoriae. I can
toulte little.'" i
-Why. you are little bow,- new Her
Interviewer. . "How long have
worked, two or three yea re r
keep the soul and body together, and
children have to be - enlisted in me
T APPEARS useless and somewhat
unreasonable to lay the whol
blame .for - the - present state
terror- In ' Macedonia , upon the
Turkish government.. ,' - j. ; ,r
' The sins of that government are tin
doubled, . yet who. In . his 'senses, can
suppose that the Turks, under present
auspices, . will ever consent to ; the in
troductlon of real .reforms as we tin
derstand them? J is conceivable that
they might do to in the eleventh hour
under extreme pre sure, but what algni
are there of any' extreme pressure be
ing exfrciiiea r.. . r y ... ;. '
The whole . force and influence. ( the
Turkish government ae at present con
stltuted, will always be arrayed against
any serious f liange because It realises
that such t change,, Implies its own
suppression. It Is hopeless to attempt
to persuade tne official Turks uiat. gen
nine reform In the European provinces
are not only in tne Turkish interest.
but constitute the only chance of keep
ing them in , their . own poBsesslon.
Genuine reform to them Implies foreign
control and they believe that when once
foreign control la eatabllshed their own
rule muat r-nmm t n ah mrtA
-. lfft K I M. Inn . thAMAM iU .nil. b
yo struggle, Hero, then, th. state step. In. h ,tt .UtenUy d" .tuU
. i iv rrom rm nam nnint r vfw k.
Why. indeed, should lie Suppose that
and education they had none.
. 'Such was 'the, condition of the little
ones for whom Lord Ashley pleaded and
' Obtained a reluctant hearing before -the
. parliament . opened. - In February, . 1S J.
' by the young queen herself, but on the
Soth of .June his bill for the protection
of these little slaves became, through
his unwearying efforts,. the lsw of Eng
land. -Half a century ago Maoauley
, wrote; ,:;.r', -M ,v :.!
"It may.be here noticed that the prnc
called ."grand
I 'eipea 'er ever since i can recnem-i moueriyr- men i can oniy ie mat atnl.(M, . -t..mnt. . r..i r-f. in
1 M V . . I Ik. Ju.KI .a.a lllnK , hllMl A I . . r r . .
These are home induatriesv Into which I woman's heart to the child of her child I .. nn. . .
i - - I n ..iv ii . inuMn. inouia m
through the mlat of years even now. a factory Inspectors are not expected te lis a good simile of what a country ougm E - . in Mrnf ?
cerUin waxen face whicn I tnougnt tne inquire; out me vernier, bi xam waw is ana now wuun Tn- tak ---yincin- B, v-,
entrusted, of all countries, to Russia
and Austria. KCan1 any one mention an
Instance where either of these nowera
has shown the slightest disposition or
inclination to bring about genuine re-
rorms in Turkey?
Every, one must know' by this time
that It has been the undeviatlng policy
of Russia, at all events, to keep Turkey
in as weag ana unsound a condition
possible. , As regarda ? Macedonia
day,
"The eond'tlrms under 0ilch the work L.i kutiisii in ih mrM ami I mwr I mlatrees waa the same, aa child after I to the child whom It protects.
waa carried Our were abominable, most amell the fracrance of the hawthorn child passed under review.. "They have I Victor Hugo has said: "He Who has
of the children contracted diseases of blossom without remembering a certain I to toil and moll at early morn and lataloeen the misery of man only, has seen
the eyes, the wages were, extremely low, I window throurh which thin precious doll at night to keep the hungry wolf from I nothing; he must see the misery of
waa naaaed. when I was In Quarantine the door." I woman. He wno has seen tne misery oj
for some childish Illness, and thlsl One of the children, a gin or ii. was i woman only, naa seen notning; ne must
viaiAB of heautv laid In u-v arms that I a barmaid In shop la Bethnal Green. I see the miaery of childhood.
unnyr spring morninj," i.-- - i ner cnooi Run ntpi nr nnii;u i now, uiua uu. iu
And yet the happy children who clasp I most or tne day. Dui.me ouinw oouritne iitue naix-iimers are proiecieu. o
their treasures Uttle know whrt the and evenings were oevotea to uiisi can-1 it enactea oy tne ainrs most uwuwi
word means to white faces, bending in ling, and Mghta on Baturoaya. . .. i majesty,- nays tne recent ac -mat a
dark rarrets -over dolls' clothes.
A London newspaper ; correspondent
who. following In , the ' steps of the
"Children's Earl." haa done mucn to
effect" the reform Which has Just been
"How late do you serve Vt the thlld child shall' not be employed between the every one, 'too, knows that one. If not
was asked. i - 1 hour of In the evening and In the both, of these countries has every in-
TUI abaht leven, sir. . mornlnr. ..... tentlon of seeking accessions of terri-
i"How much do you getr" "A child tinder the age of 11 yrs torjr there when the breaking up of tlfe
tlce of netting children prematurely to made law. Interviewed one of these HtUe
"A shillin' a week, and my food.'
, Willie, pale boy, waa employed by
''" 'A . ! ' . i . "U ' '.1.1. V.' ; i a ' i'
Our Homes Must Fit Us Like Our Clothes
BY BAILEY MILLARD
' ' OoprriM. 10. hy W..R. Baarat.)
"". HARLES KEELER, the poet, says
I . there is a movement in California
- V .- toward a simpler,-a more vital
' ; art expresslojv - It .is a- move
ment which includes painters. nd poets,
composers and sculptors, and only lacka
, co-ordination to give it a signincani. m
fluence uDon modern life. ' .' .
Mr. Keeler thinks that one of the first
steps of this movement should so to
. Introduce more widely the ' thought of
the simple home to emphasise the gros-
nel of the simple life, to scatter oroaa
. cast the faith in simple, beauty, to make
, prevalent the conviction tnat we must
live art before we can create it. -
Here ts a doctrine to which X most
cheerfully subscribe.- In my small way
I have been preaching the simple life
all along,- and it la so rarely that any.
body like Mr. Keeler comes along with
- a book of this sort that I must bo for
given a little i glow of enthusiasm over
- him and his writing. j " 5
Mr. Keeler says, very truly, that the
- building of a home should be an event of
profound Importance. "It should be with
man, as with birds, the culminating event
after oourtahlp and ' marriage, upon
. which all the loving thought and energy
of the bridal pair Is bestowed.
"How often In our modern life,'" he
says, "do we find a far different proced
- ure? The real estate agent and the in
v vestor confer, and as a result we have
." rows of houses put up to sell to ahlff--4ees
homeseekers who are too Indifferent
to think out their own needs, and help
lessly take what has been built for trade.
The taint of commercialism is over these
homes, and all too often the life within
them is shallow end artificial."
Mr. Keeler hplda that the building of
. houses is an art, not a trade, and there
fore it is needful for thoae 'who are to
occupy them to think out their jieedsi
then they should let an artist create
out of their disjointed Ideas an artistic
whole. - ' vv' ;..)';, v '
'. This, he says. Is so apparent that It
seems an Idle trulam, yet comparatively;
. few realise Its true significance.,
." "It Is not enough" nays the author; I
"for a boss carpenter or contractor to
style himself an architect and hang out
his 'sign shingle. ' We must demand of
our architect that he be & real creative
artist; that he understand form and pro
portion; that he be a man of taste and
originality; .that he appreciate - not
merely the general type, but the Inner
spirit of the architecture of other peo
ples and other Ideals of culture.
"Such a man will sublimate our crude
and Imperfect conception of the home
and make It a vital expression. Such
a home will not merely fit us. but .will be
like the clothes of a growing child
loose enough to allow us to expknd to its
full Idea and with seams that can be let
out as the experience of years enlarges
our deals." i, ,-...". .
Now. I submit... that this is the right
sort of literature to utter in a land
where the boss carpenter and contractor
have things nearly all their own way
when it comes to house construction.
We have but to look about us to wit
ness the handiwork. of these choice splr
its. To say the least the work is often
execrable the horrid houses stand as
monuments to their Ignorance and stu
pldity.
What punishment awaits xthese evil
doers. It is difficult to haaerd, but I do
not go so far as to declare that their
sins are such as to wholly exclude them
from the scheme of redemption.
Let them be counseled In time. Let
them be willing to work after the plans
of persons who appreciate the difference
between a home and an' ugly shelter, no
matter how costly. People living In what
they consider model houses would be
surprised . to learn what artists think
of their homes. .. '
The other day I was complaining of
the Inartistic appearance of a huge ad
vertlslngBlgn stuck . upon a hill in a
certain quarter of the city. I made sure
that I had impressed my artistic listener
but he merely remarked: "Oh, that sign
isn't half so bad aa some of the frame
houses they've built out that way."
Mr. Keeler observes that the great
sin in most of the 'domestic architec
ture of America Is the failure to ob
serve the one essential rule of using
every material in the manner for which
It Is structurally best adapted.
For example, he says that the arch of I specified occupation Is likely to be In
masonry is tl.e strongest structural use I jurious to the life, limb, health or edu
of stone and brick, but that an arch of I cation of the. child, the certificate shall
shall hot be employed tn atreet trading.
"No child who la employed half time
under the factory and workshop act,
1901, shall bo employed In any other oc
cupation. ' ',!
"A child shall not be employed to un,
carry or move anything so heavy as
to be likely to cause Injury to the child.
"A child shall not be employed in any
occupation likely to be Injurious to his
life. limb, health or education, regard
being had to his physical condition.
"If the local authority sends to tne
employer -of amy child . a certificate
signed by a registered medical practi.
tloner that the lifting, carrying or mov
ing Of any specified weight is likely to
cause Injury to the child, or that any
Turkish empire In Europe takesplace.
And, In face of this elementary fi
ui governments or tne great powers
profess t believe In a satisfactory so
lution or tne Macedonian difficulty,
. If. however, this optimistic view ere
vails in Europe there Is little trace of
it to be round in the Balkan peninsula.
During the course of a fairly extenslvo
tour in European Turkey last . month
x imur cuni serosa a amine independ
ent person who did not scoff at the td4
of Russia and Austria being in earnest
Why should they beT anked practical
people. The policy or these two gov
ernmentS' IS not dictated by sentiment
they have, It is. true, no particular love
ior tne aura, dui tney nave even less
for the growing nationalities of the
near east; they have every Intention of
helping themselves, largely when th
general scramble for . territory take
place and the very last thing they de
sire is that young- and vigorous states
should bar their way to the Med l terra
nean or that the .Turkish administra
tion snouia .no , improved to ' sucn an
extent as to render foreign Interference
Unneceaaaryi : '
If any doubt la still felt aa to their
sincerity it, Is only necessary to con
sider what has been effected slnee the
adoption of the Muersateg program. .
. .That scheme was adopted In Novem
ber, 1I0J, and what Is there to show
for It- Two assessors who have never
ten -auuonics, wno oonnne their. ener
gles to visiting Hllrol Pasha three
frmea a. araalr anil . wnn iMrr! m.lr.
any attempt to - conceal . their aoathv
ana neipiessness. -. .. , r
It Is true that General G lords and
the International ' military " delegates
have at last started from Constantino-
pie niter spending no lees man tnree
and a half months there In endeavoring
to ascertain the exact nature, of their
functions, but even now it Is not clear
that they . are going to be allowed a
free hand, and the preposterous delay
to which these officers have been sub
jected Is In Itself a reflection on Austro-
Russlan sincerity. Had the two'govvl
ernments meant business the three and
half months would have, been reduced
to 41. hour., f ) r. f. , .Win;
'The plain truth Is that there Is only
one . power which haa been In earnest
right along, and that la England. ' It
Is from England that, all real useful
suggestions have cone. and If It had
not been for the efforts of Lord Lans
downs and Sir Nicholas O'Conor. things
would look even less promising than
they do at present
With the' exception of 'France, Eng
land .appears to be the only country
which has been absolutely uninfluenced
by selflah considerations. Germany has
oatentatlously held aloof and has pos-"
slbly hinted - occasionally to the Porte
that there Is no necessity for hurry.1
The1 desire Of Germnnv to stand well;
wlth the sultan is well known, and if
the results of the nreaent proceedings
la the arrival of Austria, at a Balonlku.
that only means that ultimately Salon
ika will in all probability become & Gar- '
man port ; , . .;, , , ,: ,
IV is, - nowever. rather unfortunate'
that the Bulgarians ln Macedonia think
that England will oome to their aaalat- .
ance;ir things 40 wrong, conviction
fostered by mlslnte,rpreUtioh of parlia
mentary statements, by the declara
tions of Irresponsible persons and oven .
by the action of British cbarlublo so
cieties, whose benevolent work. how.
eyer impartial, is always believed by
the eastern peasant to be direct An
to the" government : . v
It is. Indeed.-difficult to aae tinai i.a.
Uted British acUon on behalf of the'
people of Macedonia could be product
ive of any good, and were It attemnta.i
the experiences of Armenia might eas- '
lly be repeated. It has freauenUv hen
asserted that France and Italy would '
be ready to join with England In Insist
ing upon a more drastlo scneme of re
form, but I have never been able ia
discover the foundation t thia asser, .
tlon, .What la certain la that If weat- r
tempted anything decisive we ahouM
Immediately . find ourselves klona . anrf '
confronted not only by the sultan, but
by Russia, Austria1 and Germany aa
WelL And so the misrule of the aultan
continues and will , continue for ion
time to! come. ...r-i '. .v 1 " '
3?
MEothelSbtieMj
TT T
VV
wood, on the contrary, has no structural
value, and Is a mere imitation df a uae-
ful building 'form. It Is ' generally
painted to Imitate the effect of stone and
thus sins even more seriously In becom
ing a sham.
tTHIN the past Yew weeks
the . country Tias ' been
shocked , by the downfall of
two Society favorites "In
What U known as the best society.
In one ease the criminal had resorted
to a bold attempt to rob gentlemen at a
club where ho had been -welcomed as
person worthy of consideration. . He bo-
longed to one of the besti families, and
had married an "estimable young woman
who was the daughter of t a, wealthy
widow. , He was a young man of 'ability
be admissible as evidence tn any sub
sequent proceedings against the em
ployer in respect of the employment of
the child." - '
There la no phase of modern life
which to my mind gives better Indies-
He, says that the' round tower, the 1 "oh of progress than tne. ract mat ineiand education. After playing the role
curving bay window and a multitude of 1 child has become an inaiviauai, wun ot ,a daring "robber, he attempted flight.
detachable ornaments are cheaply ren-1 separate rignts. reoognixea oy xne eute, 1 but was killed by nis pursuers, who,
I that it ia nrotected from cruelty. Over- I nnan mtnnvlnr the itlavdtaa he wore, dla.
demands that they be built of masonry, work, oppression 01 any aino, wneiner 1 covered his .identity.-
He holds that it Is a good general rule I hy mpioyers or pareav.. ...u ' One.caa scarcely Imagine the anguish
in imoer construction ' to ouna in I """" " rr w-T wl. I or hU wire and ramuy to bo obliged to
straJaht anarular lines, thus In. a. maaa. dren If not properly ted,, must oe,: De-i. .. ihvlinvi ahould hi hn
Wte insuring the effect of strength, dig- cause In tho Interest i of their country. 1 Bucn m vlllala He must have been liv
VU uva uvaa ww imvh w a-- -
of our civilisation, must be made. ef
ficient b a due care of tho children, for
the community ahould look upon Its Ut
tle ones as the nation's raw material.
ae thav ahould be the . nation's best
asset) But' this question of feeding
nity and repose.'
."Wood," the author declares,
"i ' a I
good material. If left In the natural fin
iah, but it is generally spoiled by the, use
or paint or varnish." ?-. ...
This Is a Inatter which, perhaps, can
not be entirely reasoned out It must
I lfia- bavnnd his' means to have reached
such a cllm&x in his career as to resort
to measures so desperate - to - obtain
monev. ' One can but think It 'Was well
that a' life that 'had been so perverted
should have ended. ? '
mi u an y reasoned out 11 must I tn another .ahase Of our edu-I . ne otner-was mat 01 SLjieiRia xavor-
yet It Is a point vital to artistic work.
There la a refinement and character to
natural wood which Is entirely lost when
the surface Is altered by varnish and
polish. -
Oil paint Is the most deadly foe of an
artistic wood treatment. It la hard and
characterless, becoming dull and srrtmy
with time and Imparting a cold severity
to the walls. . ,
He says that experience proves that
tne protection afforded by paint is quite
unnecessary in most climates. jShinalea.
If left to themselves, rot very alowlv
ana in a very Clean manner. -
since the grain of the wood is In the
direction of thedraina;e, the rot Is con
stantly washed out instead of accumu
lating. He declares that natural shin
gles last fully three times as long aa a
coat or-paint, and are thus In the end
an economy. ' Both In the construction
of the home and its f urnishlna-. the
author pleads lor simplicity, signlfl
cance, utility ana narmony.
catlonal and social problems.
hope to deal with later.
To Rcclaiixv the
Desert
yW-aa-aag
s
all the attentions that could be heaped
upon a young man.- Ho had the entree
to all tho best- homes, and was never
omitted from the list of Invited guests
to social functions. Ho was the trusted
receiving teller In one of the most im-.
portant business companies popular,
brilliant and . an unusually "handsome
man, who waa naturally a fine character,
but who, to keep pace with those with
whom be waa constantly thrown, yielded
to temptation and became an embeaxler,
and consequently lost everything.
' Being confronted - by charges,- he
broke down 'completely and "acknowlA
edged everything, and Is now In a felon's
ECRETABY J of ' .the Interior
Hitchcock has set aside from
the Irrigation fund tho aum of cell, with plenty of time to repent of his
xi.ono.ooo to betrin building the follies and his crime? jus ooovnraii can
. , 1 .
f niiUlJlUGI r UHUICU , vvuh -- , m-
ba attributed to want of moral courage,'
which caused him to allow himself to be
nattered Into, living- beyond his means,
and, mora or leas to dissipation, think
ing It was necessary he should keep up
with the excesses of the wealthier class
to hold his place amonr them.
Tho older heads that must have no
ticed he waa living too. extravagantly
cannot hold themselves guiltless . that
tney did not frankly call his attenUon
to his faults and make an effort to aava
turn rrom himself. , , ; . . . .
-Society Is more or leas responsible for
the fall of many younr rjen whom they
spoil oy aauiation. Tney , make Insa
tiable demands upon those who happen
u pieaae mem or wno xurtusn mem
amusement.- '!';.".,?.'..,".,
Buch persons expect the recipients of
tneir invitations or favors to bo In eon
sunt attendance upon' their 'wishes,
without stopping to consider how much
time they are requiring' or how much
inconvenience they may occasion. As a
rule, people who have money and plenty
of leisure are selfish and thoughtless
and stop to think, of nothing; but their
own gratification.- '. I , i 'ft ;
Few yonng men have tho courage to
rranxiy express tneir regrets that they
cannot afford to return courtesies when
they have once accepted them.- - To do so
they are afraid of- losing caste and of
their namea being eliminated from the
list of favorites. . ' ' . ''
To accept the flattering favorr and un
dertake them ia sure, sooner or later, to
Involve them in a sea ot troubles. Ac
cumulation of bills and prossuro for the
liquidation of obligations can have but
one ending bankruptcy of -one's for
tunes and ultimata exposure, . -
To.reaort to embeixlement Is only to
prolong the agony and suffer punish
ment for crime, either by prosecution
or flight from their country, to bo pur
sued by the Nemesis that invariably fol
lows crime. ' '
' e recognised oy royalty and the
ultra-fashionablo has become a aort. of . .
mania with agreat. many , Amerloans, U
-- "lUMwin eenaioie,, practical
people, and whoso antecedenta would be '?
diaguated witH such flunky Ism, ' , '
After obtaining what they consider ,'
tlllffMII n Km .U..4- . . .
- w w mviv 1 viaiu iu .ins mo
ment there is any lack of response fiuan- '
nlallw lh. Wnn . k V. . . .
mvw nioj , wfii ua uroppeu '-
and. having no higher aim In life, tbey. .
surrender self-respect and not infre
quently, if they are In Positions of trust . "
resort to ombesalement to keep up with
the smart set of society, -: - -t ;
a iew oriex years an tnare warm raw -
ft thla Im AmamJa. L.i J . 1- . w .
- iii 4. gm U9 -
regretted that they have become 00 nu- 1
meroua aa thev am tulav . Thai. . .
ence can only bo explained unon the the ,
vs-w miuuut ajtissj 11 a, auini nw 1 nn.
generation that haa passed to their, re?,
ward Indulged their offsprings too much, ,
and failed to impress them with - the
riant kind of nrlnclnlaa of . alahltltv.
thrift and proper self-respect.' ' : v 1
Tho almost, entire absence of diacl-.
blip In American homes, and Indulgence (.
In extravagance, has had a serious effect '
upon many : of the present generation, v
haa begotten a false Idea of life and has
caused the younger people of today to ' "
attach too much lmnortanna tn tha nnlk.
ions, manners, customs and fads of tho
leisure class and to have too little re- . -
spect for th unassuming; matter-of-fact
people. All too many are trying to get.
a living by their wltM Instead of being i,"
willing to work and adapt themselves to -whatever
circumstances surround them.'
The - difference : between receipts and
expenditures -roust bo made up sdaje--
how, nd if JSersons with small salaries -.'f
or Incomes try to do extravagant things
that those of larger wealth can afford ,.
they must axneot to falL their fall helnir-
- . . . . T
only a question of time . , '--"''.'
The dam at the Junction of th Tellow-1 mendous importance to the lower Mia-
stone and Sweetwater rivers is the first slsslppt valley its effect , upon Tiooas. v
v.. 1 n.w arranaament I The Pathfinder dam alone will lm
f, rrton hv th United BUtea gov-lPund tho flood waters of 400 mUea of
! ' T 'W'aa'el""Jwi eiiasiWa,siawaawiawai"aawaiafc j
A French Name for a Persian Game
T
From the New York Sun.
i HE popular description of poker
as the great American game must
fall back Into tIe ranks of ex
ploded myths, along with Bherl
dan's ride and the' moon hoax.
; All the evidence about p&ker which has
come to light points to Its origin In New
. Orleans. . The questions is, where did New
v Orleans get it from,, or Is It an Improve-
ment on some game known to the popula
tin. . . V. . , fllln .V. n I. m h. HM
v. wu uiak kiJ', www, .. u. uol ira cuidui'
bered, were French and used French
. terms in any games that they played.
' There la no French game played with
only to cards, ''but . there are several
French rames In which all the poker
. hands are to be found except four of a
- kind. Amblgu, brelan and many others
will at once sugrgest the"mBeives.
But all these French games are played
1 with three cards only In the. hand ,;Of
each player. Where could the inventora
of poker have found a game played with
five cards In each hand; and the pack
consisting or w cards oniyT ,
- The standard pack of cards in Europe
from the earliest days has been what la
- now called the piquet pack, which is the
aame as our American euchre pack, 33
cards, . There Is only one country In the
world that uses a pack limited to 20 cards.
and that is Persia; "-There is only onoffheodore Le-rras. au Palais, Paris.":
country 'In the world where poker has'
always been played with five cards In
j the ' hand ' of each player, and that : is
Persia;- but the game is .not called poker.
It Is called "as naa"
-- Those who are familiar wlpi this
. ancient Persian game unhesitatingly as
sert that some Frenchman must have
broue-ht It to New Orleans in Ita priml
: tlve form..- with the pack- limited to 20
cards and: the band of each, player In
creased to five. The question . still" re
mains. How dior It change its name? -
The nanw of as nas is not only the
name of a gam It la now generally used
to distinguish the old Persian cards, with
which as naa Is played,; from the Euro,
peun cards, which are modern, f .
The old Persian pack had eight suits
'and was called ganjlfeh, a. word which
eema to be derived from the Chinese
and. means "paper cards." Tho word It
at present applied to European playing
cards only, five cards in each suit
.The old Persian pack had no aces, court
cards and spots, like ours, but each suit
was made up of pictures which ranked;
Lion, king, lady, soldier, and dancing girl.
This pack was called vara I as; varak 1
asanas, or simply as, from the game as or
asanas, which was played with It This
ancient game was simply 20-card poker,
as it was played Iri America at the begin
ning of this century. -'
But if poker was originally known as
asanas, how came it to lose that name?
It seemed to the writer and also to Mr.
Jesael that the answer to thla question
must be looked for in the language of the
people who brought . the tame from
Europe, if they did bring It
If thay brought it to New Orleans from
Persia, or if some resident of that city
was familiar with the Persian game and
thought It an improvement on the French
games of amblgu and brelan, the Intro
ducer was probably ; French, and more
familiar with: French game and French
terms than withPersian. If this theory
were .correct, the next thing to do would
be to examine all the books published in
the French language on the subject of
playing cards and; oard games. ,;. : ,.,
Curiously enough, one of tha Oldest and
most authoritative works: on card games
was published In France and ran through
a great many editions. This is the famous
Academic - UniVeraelle des Jeux.' yChes
: . ... . n.k I tne xcuiuweiuiia im v ; wua u
ernment--a..y-vn. . w ,1" BwaetwaUf river, with their 'tribuUry
launaing ensnjus ra, m im.v "" mouauln streams, v 'The site will not
pairs, etc; In the French descrlntione- I wealth of tho country, - , . aret a chance to roll down Into the Mls-
tne game we are told that a player! "The new tatm wm ; rurnisn -waver Sissippl vauey' and raise tne' river not
opened the betting by saying-, "Je poque I enough to irrigate J60.000 acres of land torn. The water will be restrained from
at cost of $10 per acre. As irrigated joining, tna great june noous. ' v-
d'un jeton," or two chips, or as many as
ne pieasea ana tnat then the others could
see him, raise him, or drop out in their
turn.
In the German game, pochen, as It is
piayea xoaay, we nnd exactly the same
exoresslon still In use: "Tnh iwiu -
or aa many chips aa the player cares to
venture, and the answer of the player
land is suitable for concentrated .farm
ing, this are will support 126,000 per- ,
sons, though not nearly so many will at
first find homes upon it this single
fertile belt . along-a single stream will
therefore support more people than
there are today 1ft all Wyoming.
Other reservoirs upon other head-
Waters will have the same effect f
What might happen- In the Mississippi
valley If the1 levee policy were to con
tinue indefinitely without aid from res
ervoirs is 1 shown by tho destructive
floods of the Hoangbo in China, whose
broken levee les than to. years ago Je
Trrliratlnn tmaafta closely . set Com-
entering the betting against the opener j munltlea, ' These mean jagain that farm vastated . whole provincea and actually
w invanaoiy, -jen poena mit" Both I life will not be lonely; that good schools 1 orownea seven minion peupts,
poque ana pocnen. ate played with, tha I on hurhaa and aiolendid roads can be
piquet pack, 3? cards. made br the settlers, enhancing . the
Now it '.Is very curious that In tha I comfort of rural Ufa v Fruits and vege-
English translation of thla "Academia tables will abound on Irrigated -iand.
des Jeux," and in all the English descrip- rThe desert wil blossom as. the rose.
tions of the game of poaue. we find the 1 s There are half a billion acres of pub-
players are instructed to say In English. Ho lands remaining unclaimed, ex
"I poque for so much," and the following elusive of AUska. .yery much of this
players are to respond, "I poque against domain is utlllsable through Irrigation:
JjeSlaeSi toere are vaai arena ynvaia
. v : ; Vill Pover ySo Astrology , ;
The Hoangho Is a river In the air; the
Mississippi is . becoming . one. :' - Head'
water reservoirs alone can restrain It.
JSTXaT AUt PjUBTIBTgH ABAJTSOVZI),
From the Chicago Journal (Rep.)
lowa'led In the advocacy of tariff re
vision and the ratification of reciprocal
'V- v , iRf,idea. there are vast areas or private 1 ,,. t,.Iiiu ih natinn. -tx
Z wv ,, ZOTa P??ue any prdl- land wvaiiaDia.ror agriculture ot n.gnor f m tn c,mato b, embodied un
arv Eno-llah niHnii- . ..i ,iui vmni thrnnih mitp uinn v h . . ...
In the 1665 edition of this work- we
find the first description of the French
game of hoc;. , which is ' carefully dis
tinguished from the Italian game of
hocca. , - ,
This game of hoc continues to be de
scribed until the edition of 170S, with no
mention of any. improvement or chantre
In its form. In 1733, however, page SOS,
we find a description of "le Jeu du
Poque." which exactly agrees with the
game known to all German children as
pochensplel,- or pochen. The "Academic
des Jeux" speaks of poque as a descend
ant oroffghoot from the older game of
hoc. . f
The peculiarity of noaue is that after
the cards are dealt and each Player has
taken from the common pool the counter
for the rank of the . highest cards held
he is at liberty to bet unon the various
combination at card ha hoidsv triplets,
.:,.i7J liTT-' ' n?i proaucuveuea. v. "i'v. der the title or the -. "Iowa idea." 'and
undoubtedly separate it Into two avliahi. 1. almost no limit to the. capacity of the Governor Cummins .Was its chief ex
and call it iwuiik Tn 4h. t. I it.n.l o.. Urn nn,n n.nnla anil I POnCftt ' ' " . ' v 1
" M . .- IN, WIIUAll, Wie 1 LLU1IW4 DWIM IV " .. t'vw.v I - . . , . , I . .. ' , , r ' . .
word poche already aa near tokr fl. l-nar kYmin for the world. Two hun- 10 uw in iw wnwmm 01
th4 vowel aound Will admit miitinna ran livi in tha Loulaiaiia " aelre Kr Uie tning tiatt , stood
Tirk. a i. . . . . . . 1 . I MlnriAantfl. . ariei thA. mtatfu u inner .: thj
vv iiixL mnrfl tiHrnrn i rnan r n a r ei aiMaa' i as a oIatisi i , J : i - L---- w-.- -t " --o "
of New Orleans of French' birth or ex- The next best problem: is to get the OimvJ
traction already familiar with th. nm. rav.nia on tha land as . Commander ??ota KographIcfl. a3 political af
of poque and seeing asanas played for I Booth-Tucker of the - Salvation Army
ine nrst time, ahould use the expressions I puts It to fit tho landless man to the
English or German speaking , person, ( The' lata Mark Hanna was greatly in
aaopting ne, game, should say, "I; po-j tereated in a bill ' Advocated by. Mr.
W'. ; ' ' -v. ' ''Nf ',f ; -1; I Rooth-Tucker to (establish a department
......... - 1 ' . 1 . il ilia, 1
S "rL On ny competitive prod-
.. ..vu.v wioiKu iiama , 01 1 yiuo an lumw vi T,,vvv,vvu u i ucts) win not be advocated by the na
--..o xivpimr ana can tn ; game 1 vance to actual setuers upon irrigatea tiQnarx platform of - the Republican
po-que and later to tpen . It''jpbker:w;;;j Und. ;: .xpeMonc.. .of, W Baivatlon " The New England states have
'nvie , and .Bohn's Army: in "vowraav; seems .o-sncw tnat had a' little tinge of the roelproottr on
Handbook of Games'; make no reference j poor men who have conclusively failed tlment but It Is nor In the ascendant:
to poaer until 1884. Cavendish," " the J to make in the citiea a decent living for the great majority of the leading Be-
numwniY on wnist. ana for ne.j-tv tneir lamuie bucctmw in a-aininai Diitillcan tat.a-r inio. Mlrnta-an TnHl.
40 years card editor of the Field, which. I independence upon the farm colonies In I ana. rulifornla ra all for tha tiri
during his life, was the recognised au-1 Colorado.--' What- these -can do . otherai schedales as they stand at presentIn
inomy on ait matters relating to cards, loan do. ' ' ; : ! " ) other: words, are "stand patters."- So.
wrote a book, "Round Games of Cards, I - Paternal government with a avenger lit will be without opposition that a
in uiio. in wnicn poker Is described. Win-1 anoe for the United BUtes to estab- "stand pat", plank will be framed into
leroiossom s oooa must have been nuh. I lmh . settlers, in tne westT perhana. but I the Dlatform to be indorsed at tha Chi.
HnheA In THn planil - w... . I. . . . ... I w.Mn.iMn.l.,ili.n ill... k I n VA I. nAW M nM I. .. . ..
. iiiq Runs mug, iiui IIIUIQ V " . mail uo llvumuau I V4MWVU1SI1MWII UV lUVUUb ..,"
tributes. Canadian - reciprocity . has
been the text for much talk- up there.
The ! Minnesota state platform waa
straddle on the subject of reciprocity,
and now the Iowa : platform is a corn'
plete renunciation of the "Iowa idea."
It may fairly be conceded, - then,' that
as the copy In the British museum is J act ' Mr. Booth-Tucker point out that
dated 1876. , . ; . . (the government would risk nothing In
In the American reprints 'and copies of I advancing money to settlers, as the par-
ome ot tne iuuropean woyiea, poker was tlal payment they would make in return
tacked on at the end in an appendix aa would not only replace the principal, but
early as 1S50. . In the 1845 edition of repay interest at the rate of six per
'Hoyle's' Games," published by H.. F. cent. Thus thla?" fund, like the Irriga-
Anners In Philadelphia, there Is no men- tlon moneys would constantly increase
tlon of poker, but in -the supplement to and constantly.; as repaid, be available
in vuuiuii fn.. uuv mere ui a very, prior i in part tor. ubo in new xocantiea
description bt the game,
ful ae In these rlorlnua - unltrnl ; anil
l - Another phaao p Irrigation ia Of tr-j peace-' ovlug stateil - -
-:!':":li:S:i-','
-- - " Politics and Tanndry, -
- : ' From the Buffalo Express. v
wecauae a cninese laundry man let a
fiatiron stand too long on the bosom of
a New York district leader's best shirt
the laundry was wrecked by the states
man's frlendsvi Is tnere any othe; coun
try In the world where politics is no uae-
(Mr ke T, B. Gregory.) I Science' Is simply tho braln-and will
A t YOUNG man writes to say that he i n,an PPi t tn rough material ,
A Is greatly - discouraged. He has ff , nature. commanding . It, and utllla- ,
been to -"orte of the '.leading In or his advanUge. , ,..
T '. ' 'aatrolnB-ers-lnUh. cltv: and was 4 What science does on a grand scale i
told that there was very little chance w,th hture the Individual may do with ,
of his being1 successful rh life,' except in a nis nf y wining to v
a humble waV " ' ' - ' ' ' n may make his life a success. :f " ,
He want, to know If the aatroloaer'a 'Jf I"1!? b?:
decision la to be taken M final, and If. I ..i,nin. i,im h. k- ,?
In our oplnjoiv there i really suehj thingj hl, head, or the linen of- hls.hand,or .
as ones fate being determine by the hl, ..horo,cope.. to .Jalnsf him. i j . .
stars, t ,:.:ti- :. .. I , . iK ,), i.. ut v,- AV,ii.n. -.
If the- young man has read SbakesDeare I n ssr-a-rt .; t tia aar At1 A "-Lm ak rah .r.ars-if1rltca
he .cannot-have -forgotten ' W bright Iwhlh ha ' on ' ahmild allow hlmaalf tn
11 s ten . to with any degree of serious
ness. J , ' . - v -
It matters not what Is "against''1 you,.
if you are only for yourself you are all
right '- If you believe In i younself, if
you have deliberately made - up your
mind, to . reach the- goal you have
speech of Edmund In the. play of King
In Lear, act X scene 2 Shakespeare
maxes Edmund speak as follows: .'-;-.
"This Is the excellent foppery of the
world) that when we are sick In fortune
often that surfeit of our own behavior-'
we make guilty ot our "disasters tho sun, I marked out for yourself, 'the - "stars"
the moon and the stars; as if-we Were
villains by necessity; fools by heavenly
compulsion;' knaves, thieves and trenchers
by spherical predominance; drunkards.
liars and adulterers by.an enforced obedi
ence to planetary Influence; and all that
we are evil In by a divine thrusting, on.
may shine ever so adversely, and the
"lines" in -your hand anov tne "shape"
of i your head may be ever" so unfa
forabie, but" you will beat them in tha
Success la not the gift of the stars
It is won by hard work, by liberal ap
An admirable evasion 'of man to lay' his I plication of -will power to the'diftlcul-
goatisn. oisposuion , to tne charge of a I ties tnat wouia oar our way.
star!" n v . Not all the stara that twinkle in tho
In Edmlind'a little aoeerh we m.vlskv. and all the lines In all the hands.
learn what the greatest: intellect -ever and all , the bumps ana depressions of :
on tnis eartn tnouaht of the merit of I au tne neaas can 'oum uib wan tnat ia
the doctrine that wpald read our for-l firmly determined -.p to , accomplish- Ita
tunes In the stars. " - J purpose."
But . while we are ouotina Shakes- Wo need learn that it . is not palm-
peare it wUl do no harm to refer to ietry but piuoic. not phrenology but per
mm' once more. In "Othello' lagO says I severance, noa aetroiogy out. assurance,'
to- tne thoroughly dlscouraa-ed Roder-1 mat aeiermmes- tnings in tnis world.
Igor j,'.. a. ,.- . .-I Never: mind about tha .."star1; j-that
" 'TIsMn ourselves that we are thua I happened to-be m .the "ascendant" when
or thus.' . Our bodies are vardnha. tn ihl you were horn, po . matter about r the
which our wills are the gardeners, so I l'ne !n Jour Pnv or the contour of ,
that if we will nlant nettle, nr n l.t.lrour head If. you only have the. rlaht
tuco,. set hyssop and weed up ' thyme; I ort of atuft inside of your head, - wlth.
uppiy it with one gender of herbs oripienty . oi . aeierminauon ,ana coarago
. I . ... . I .lL l.la11 ,1 . , J..
uibiiuci n wun many; eitner to navel wim m, m m nou,.v.::-!;..i vnu;
t Milk 17 . - . 1. - ! I
vmiijiv mm' uieunw -ui iiiaiturru wiLn
industry why tho power and. eorrlalble
authority, of this lies in our wills..
In other words, aa the same master
. . b . . -sl I
mma eisewnere puts it: . "it is 'not m i
our stars, but In ourselves, that wo are
underlings.' . , ' - f ' t
- The- greatest T forca In ' the - world is
the human will. And this mighty force,
far , from being - determined, deter-
- "ruth la the Case. "
From the New York Herald. 'i
. "Why Js It that neonlA hava tnmt th.ia ''
belief In helir - - . '
"They haven't ; They're merely aono -
oat on a mental strike against it.'V" , .
so
mines all other, things.
.v . Hell rind Oak - r -v
From the Louisville
A Virginia girl, engaged to three men,
It, is strongerthan gravity.' stronger I has settled the difficulty hv m.rrvina . ;'
than the : tides of the . sea. Stronger f the man for whom ho r.ro th i.o.f
than . the llKhthiho- of ' heaven, all of f It is not nrnhahin that th n Ahnun .',
which cosmic giants have been tamed f will be long In reachinar the conclu.inn .'
by. it and made to be. Jta docjio ervaht, that she was Bpeaking tho truth. -