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THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL
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As elan once united with clan, and nation with nation, for a mu
tual protection, m do i gdodly number of people now recognise that
men aouI J -finite with men not only In deed, but la thought for a
mutual benefit"
Te hold a thought of fear Is to pollute the mind prejudice poUona,
Jealousy la a thing to sealoutly avoid, and hat hurt wont the ana who
Jiataa."
"And the argument la thla: So long aa the thought of rivalry la
rife, and jealousy, fear, unrest and hats are In our minds, ws are still
In tao savaga stats."
' fWar robs men of their divine birthright, and turns the tlJe of
being back to chaos."
' T'Tou hays so much life what will you do with ItT If you uaa
It la pulling dawn othar Uvea, you shall soon forfeit your own."
The above is wisdom a la Elbert Hubbard, but wisdom neverthe
less.'. Those who lore and inhabit the Oregon country should burn tips
.words Into their souls should repeat them by night and by day. so
thai wa all may work with mors and mors fruitful result for a greater
and grander Oregon for greater comfort and bapplneas for our fel
lows, t We, of Oregon, simply must get together, (ull together, and we
will prosper together.
4 Men who lack confidence In one another; who berate one another;
Who hats ons another; who are jealous of one another; who auapeet
ons another, cannot rear a great state! Qet together. Stsnd together,
Pull togetherl
i
KaS OTT OP SBITaBra OOVBX.
Peat la XnurlaaA y ' Jtoyal
Ooauaaad.
Publication In the Official Oasette by
order of the sovereign of tha caaooll-
Uon of presentations at court are so
rare that wheir they take place they In
variably excite an Immense sensation.
Consequently the Infliction of this pen
alty upon Lady Uranvllle Oordon, whose
husband, owing to tle ohlldleMneas of
his elder brother, is neat .heir to the
Marqulaate of Huntly. and to the dig
nity of Premier Marquess of the King
dom of Bootland, aa well as ts the chief
tainship of the anolant and hlstorlq elan
of Oordon. deeerrea mors than merely
passing mention.
During the entire reign of Queen Vic
toria there were not more than four
caaea of cancellation by "aaaem," one
of them being that of a Mrs. 'Crossley,
who had secured presentation by means
of deceit with regard to her divorce
court antecedents. Another lnstnncs
was that of aa American couple of the
name of Fisher, this being the only In
stance of a husband being Included with
his wife In this drastic form of punish
ment, while the most notable snd pitiful
of all the cases was that of Lady Twlsa.
Lady Granville Gordon's cancellation Is
the first one by Oasette under the
new reign, and may be welcomed as an
assurance to the public that King Ed
ward Intenda to revive some of that
strictness In connection with his court '
which prevailed when his mother was
on ths throna '
Penalties Sot Always Published.
It must not. however, be Inferred from
the publication In the Oasette ths oth
er day that only those presentations are
canceled that are officially published.
There are plenty of private cancella
tion that la to say. intimations sent
to the women concerned by the Lord
Chamberlain In the name of thereover-
sign to the effect that their presenta
tlon has been annulled, while at the same
time British embassies and legations are
Informed so ss to prevent the lady In
queHtion from taking advantage of her
English presentation to aecure a similar
privilege at foreign courts from the Itrtt
lsb embaaay.
But it la only la very exceptional cases
that a public notification la made that
la to aay, when In the opinion of ths sov
ereign some public expression of royal
condemnation la needed.
The aaddest case that I can recall la
that of Lady Twlsa. wife of that Sir
Travers Twlsa who waa one of the great
est authorities on International law. the
Vloar-Oeneral of the Archdiocese at Can
terbury, the Chancellor of the IHocese of
London, Advocate-Oeneral to the Queen,
and holder of miiy other Important dig
nities. For nearly 20 years Lady Twlss
had done the honora of her husband's
houae and been a figure in London so
ciety, receiving at her table all - the
most eminent prelates at the church snd
)mmmiiiiiiii.mi im; II
THIS, PHILIPPINES AND TRADE
) a
' Manila, P. I.. January 10, lfOi.
Ta the Editor: Having acquired by conquest the
Philippine Ialanda, our patriotism stirred by the vaior
of the boys who left their homes in aerenss or ins nag,
our Interest In the welfare of the Islands has never
abated. Nor will there ever be a lessening f our satis
faction In having acquired auch a valuable possession.
and In opening a brighter civilisation in, a Held of op
portunity and-value that probably has no equal on
ths globe. Opinion may be divided as to the right of our
government to supplant an existing nag, and substl
tutlng our own, but when the eventual results are
realised all the world WU1 be grateful for the results
precipitated by Dewey's victory. The division of opin
ion smong ths American people is largely ths growth
of ths failure to understand conditions that have ex
Is ted for centurlea, and the difficulties to be met with
la Introducing a new order of things. -
When the present officials snd attorneya themselves
fall to administer the law ss It Is written with no in
tent to misconstrue the same, but through a lack of the
necessary knowledge, then a people or the type of the
Filipinos cannot be greatly blamed If they sometimes
fall to do What la expected of them. But aa the Fil
ipino la of a much higher natural type of iatelllgsnce
than the American Indian who haa been taught to com
ply with law. It la reasonable to suppose like results
will In k short time be brought about In our newly
acquired Islands. Even at this time little can be aaid
against the main body of natives, save of their Indo
lence.' They are content under the United States flag
or any other. There may be exceptions taken to thla
statement by party leaders who realise they have .been
deposed by sn army of American officials whef have in
vaded the land and found place In many positions
that can be dispensed with. Thla Is undoubtedly prov
ing a burden on the present taxpayers, who must meet
the enormous expens created by the Inauguration of
a new order of things.
' if :
5
, . THE HOCrS BOTTOM PURCHASE
- The Journal haa repeatedly called attention to the proposed pur
. chase 'of the Mock Bottom tract, by the Port of Portland Commission,
v. and has commented upon the extraordinary discrepancy between the price
ajtkMf te thsitwum at tha nrmx'rtr and the valuation unon which they ' attending drawing room a at Buck-
. . . ... . j Ingham Palace and state conoerts. In
nava oeen paying taxes, mm commission cannot pay 4 a limes w mbo-cu th( varloug peeragM and similar works
value of the land without arousing grave suspicions that tne price is an
exorbitant one and that the money, of the taxpayers la being thrown to the
Wrda." ' '
Vf -If the Mock's bottom tract is In fact, as haa been alleged, the most
' desirable location for the dry dock which Is to bs constructed, the proper
course for the commission to take is to exercise the power of eminent do
main with which' it Is vested; and obtain title to the property by condem
. nation proceedings. . '
By this means a fair .valuation of the property will be secured, and
the taxpayers will have the satisfaction of knowing that they are not paying
an extortionate price. By this means and by this alone can, the commls
ion relieve Itself of all criticism in connection with the proposed purchase.
The Journal has neither opposed nor advocated the purchase of the Mock's
: Bottom property, provided it can be obtained at a reasonable figure. All
that It has done has been to point out the fact that the owners have been
But expenditures for conducting the government
will always b great, for In no event can a man acqom
pllah as much In the southern latitudes aa can people
in more northern dimes. This Is a matter that cer
tainly Impresses itself most forcibly upon the new ar
rival, and upon this January day ths morning I awoke
with a temperature of V0 degrees and a humidity that
forced the feeling that 100 degrees waa nearer where
the mercury stood. The office man Is clad In sufficiency
only to feel free to appear In public, while the laborer
seeks In the meaaure of clothing to come only In the
pale of the law'a requirements. With thla climatic In
fluence no very great energetic results can be looked
for till other conditions have been brought about The
Filipino of the interior Is certainly a happy-go-eaay
being. He la located in his bamboo house, set up six
feet from the ground In, a ,cocoanut grove, aa seen In
Illustrations of the homes of the South Sea Islandera
, ',r Baying, taxes on a valuation of 11185 per acre for land which they now pro
VrTpoee to sU to the jpubllc at $1,000 pat' acre. If the tax valuation tas even
.. r t. .,-,y;; puu iiit W fce swarf rmtmm aW yitw aafced fM .grossly nd
" ; rifllctt'ously excessive.
, -n'x Good Judge of real estate values place widely varying estimates upon
gave propasKX Owners of land in the Immediate vicinity, who are ob
viously Interested, say that the Mock tract is worth f L000 an acre. Some
v 7 ; disinterested citizens whose judgment Is entitled to respect say that 1200
an acre would be much nearer the real value.
With such conflicting estimates the only safe course for the Port of
Portland Commission to pursue, if it decides to acquire the Mock property,
Is to bring condemnation proceedings and have the value determined in
court.
FOLLOWING THE JOURNAL'S LEABl
' . 3ha advent of The Journal In Portland has brought about one noticeable
change In the news columns of its local contemporaries. In times past
both of these papers have suppressed all news relating to organised labor
la tola city, treating it aa of no Interest and unworthy of publication. The
proprietor af the two papers bore the reputation of being unfriendly to
organized labor and his policy was to ignore it. .
' But this policy he has been forced to abandon. When The Journal
entered the Held, it was with the avowed purpose of publishing all the
news, fully and impartially. In pursuance of this purpose, the news of the
labor unions haa been covered with the same care as every other matter
of public Interest. The Journal has devoted a large amount of Its space to
the news of organised labor, recognizing the fact that to a very considerable
part of the community It is of much Interest.
The Journal's example has at last awakened the Oregonlan and the
, Telegram to the folly Of the policy they were pursuing, and they are now
endeavoring to cover ,the Held, which they formerly neglected. They have
discovered that the workingmen of this city and of the state cannot be
. lfnored by any newspaper which expects to gain and to keep popular sup
port. It Is a belated discovery yet both papers are to be congratulated upon
having the good sense to follow where The Journal has led the way.
-, Workingmen who recall the attitude of the Oregonlan and the Tele-
grara toward organized labor in the past, may question whether the new
- departure Is Indicative of any real change of heart, or of any genuine
friendship for the cause of labor, but be that as it may, It is gratifying to
See some signs of progress.
The Southern Pacific is taking steps to minimize the danger of col
lisions on its system, and to this end the engineers, firemen and other
members pt the operating department on the Oregon division were called
into conference with the local fnanager yesterday afternoon. Some practical
measures should be adopted to insure the safety of the traveling public,
for the list of railroad casualties Is Increasing annually at an appalling rate.
A , .
' Those Oregon City boys and girls who attempted to force the removal
of the High School superintendent by going "on strike" and' refusing to
attend school, have come to their senses and . returned to their studies.
When ythey get a little older they will know better than to attempt to
gedress their grievances In any such foolish manner.
A' venerable negro, said to have been the original of Harriet Beecher
ttowe's "Uncle Tom," died In Kentucky a few days ago. This does not mean
howeyerthat he will be forgotten. "Little Eva" departed this life half a
century .'ago, .and wherever the barnstormers travel the public Is still
expected to shed tears over her death bed.
A' play written in the death chamber at Sing Sing by a man con
demned to, death is one of the attractions of the New York vaudeville
theatres.'' The author is Roland B. Mollneux, whose trial for murder, con
Victkxn and subsequent acquittal attracted the attention of the whole country.
The Sultan Is said to have invested some of his savings in the purchase
of a country place In. England. Perhaps he Is wise to prepare for emer-1
gencies which might drive him from Constantinople, and no other nation
.Will grudge Great Britain her prospective citizen.
A suit which is pending in the local courts to recover damages for an
accident which has caused the plaintiff to see double, raises some interesting
questions. The saloonkeepers are asking anxiqusly whether it Is actionable
for one man to cause another to see double.
- - Every man to his taste, but it is hard to understand why the people of
Bugtown, 1aL, changed the name of their town to Skunkington,
of reference she was described at ths
daughter of the Belgian Oeneral. Van
Lynseele, and was a woman of remarka
ble beauty and charm.
I think It waa about 1IT0 when tha
name of Lady Twlss, having appeared
aa usual among the guests present at
a state concert at Buckingham ralace,
the Lord Chamberlain received a letter
from a man of the name of Alexander
Chaffers, intimating that Lady Twlss
had led an Immoral life In London previ
ous to her marriage with Sir Travers.
The Lord Chamberlain made inquiries.
aa he was nouna to ao unaer ine cir
cumstances, and the result was emi
nently aatisfactory to himself. Sir
Travers, and Lady Twlaa
Poreed to Bring a Libel Salt.
Notwithstanding this, the Lord Cham
berlain's office continued to be bom
barded with letters about Lady Twlas
to such' an extent that Sir Travers was
ultimately compelled. In aheer self-defense,
and In response to the demands
of his friends and of the government
authorities, to bring a charge of crim
inal libel against Shaffers.
The latter was arrested, appeared at
Bow-Street Police Court In London,
where he gave evidence to the effect
that prior to her marriage Lady Twlss
had lived In Iyndon aa a person of
notorious immoral character; that her
conduct was bad even for the class to
which she belonged, and that on one
occasion It had been such that ahe had
been turned out of the Holboro Music
Hall by the police.
Poor Lady Twlss. who at any rate
since her marriage 20 years previously,
had led the most exemplary of Uvea,
enjoying universal esteem snd respect
In London society, was tnereupon. put
In the witness box and subjected to
the most shameful and Insulting exam'
lnatlon by the prisoner. Sad to relate
the examination waa very far from prov
ing as satisfactory aa the numerous
friends of Lady Twlss could have wished.
Indeed, she may be described as having
been forced to throw up the sponge.
For on the following morning, when
the examination was about to be re
sumed after adjournment, the prose
cuting counsel announced that Lady
Twlss had determined not to appear
again, and had left London for the Con
tinent. Under the circumstances there
was nothing left for the magistrate to
do but to discharge Chaffers, with a
remark that his conduct In raking . up
such frightful charges sgainst a woman
after so many years would cling to him
as a reproach until the end of hla days,
and render him an object of contempt to
all honest men.
The Seqael to ths Trial.
I may add incidentally that Chaffers,
who waa proved to have made .several'
attempta to blackmail Lady Twlas be
fore writing to the Lord .cnamoenam
died two or three years ago In one of
th London workhouses.
Of course, after the abandonment of
the Drosfecutlon against Chaffers, and
Lady Twlss' virtual acknowledgment of
the truth or the charges Drougnt against
her by the man, there was no alternative
left to the Lord Chamberlain but to
strike her name from the lint of those
entitled to admission at court. But
it was by the command of the Queen her
self that an announcement to the effect
that her presentation had been canceled
was published In the Official Oazette.
This was followed by the resignation
of all Sir Travers' many offices. In
deed, from that time forth Sir Travers
never merged from obscurity save to
assist King Leopold in the organiza
tion of the Congo Free State, for his
services in connection with which he
received the Grand Cross of the Order
of Leopold.
The only other occasion that I can
recall of the official announcement of the
cancellation of a presentation was when,
some eight years ago, sr Lady Simpson
was held up to public obloquy In this
manner In the Oazette. The an
nouncement was most unfairly worded,
for there were at the time no less than
three ladles bearing the title of Lady
Simpson, and the Oazette gave no In
dication as to which of the three It was.
Nor would the Lord Chamberlain vouch
safe any public explanation., and the
Lady Simpsons who were wholly. Inno
cent of wrong doing' could get no re
dress for the stigma placed on their
name.
Nature In her laviahness gives him all the eoooanuts
and bananas without labor and for a small effort he
can readily obtain a year's supply of rice, sugar corn and
tobacco. He has no aspiration to equip himself or his
home with any conveniences or comforts, and his primi
tive 'appliances for tJUni WsT-1- be would not ax
change for a modem Implement. On the Ialand of
Luson. over which I traveled from Manila to Dagupln,
Is a continuous well watered valley SO to 0 miles in
width and its miles in - length, and as fertile aa the
famous Valley of the NUe, and needs but the hand of
the Industrious husbandman te make Ita resources world
renowned. And I am further Informed by several
parties that the southern Islands are even more fer
tile. In the variety of rich products they are capable
of producing. But this brings up the question, what
race of people can 'be Introduced to till the soli and
develop its resources? It Is my opinion, despite the
statement asually - circulated, that the oppression of
Spain has not been the factor in retarding the devel
opment of the Islands and that legislation from that
cause has been no more than nominal in effect I fear,
even after a term of years under American Inspiration
and energy the same charge will be laid at our doors,
unless new factors are Introduced. The question must
be bravely met, though in principal it may conflict with
local sentiment on the Pacific Coast.
' AS A STAR ,
- ..
;
a i
mmwm
ST si i iT - 1.1. ..: V,l
r
Marie Can 111 haa fully established her
right to enter the flrmanent of theatrical
stars by her eleref work in "Nency
Brown" now playing at the Bijou, New
York. Both the dainty musical comedy
and the new star are pronounced big
successes by the metropolitan critics.
ANOTHER "AUIR.OUNn MAN"
;
KB
My opinion is -that such legislation must be enacted
as will enable the American agriculturalist to acquire
by homestead 160 acres of land, and then be permitted
to employ the coolie labor'of China and Japan. These
races are Inured to condltlona that prevail on the
Islands, and content with a compensation of SO cents
per day. Under this labor the Islands would appear as
If a new era had been Inaugurated for their welfare.
Our officiate with the beat of Intentions are attempting
to transplant the experience that haa come to us. after
a century's growth, and make the same apply to a race
whose only ambition hah been to exist. A point In
Instance waa told me of the government establishing
a school for trades, teaching carpentering, masonry.
blacksmlthlng, telegraphy and stenography. At the ex
piration of 60 days there were no pupils left, save those
In the classes of stenography ahu. telegraphy. The word
bad passed around that after graduation the mechanics
would only reoelvo II per dagF, while' those applying for
office positions would receive 11.60 per day. The result
waa, regardless of fitness, all the pupils aspired for the'
most lucrative positions. It can not be denied that
native Intelligence of the Filipino is capable of develop
ment, and occasionally they will produce a man who
111 bear the same relation to his race that Booker
Washington does to his.
Manila Is a typical ' Spanish city, with low, irregu
lar two-story buildings, narrow streets, and sidewalks,
that are a base pretense for walks. Under ordinary:
comparison, It should be termed a very dirty city, bu
those who have resided here, for a number of years
are very proud of its present condition, which contrasts
favorably only with the Stajte and time when it passed
Into our hands. The port la very active, being repre
sented by shipping from all-quarters of the globe, loaded
with merchandise which to a much larger extent should
De suppnea or tne umtea. wtates. ay representation
of a number of vessels of our navy and a goodly num
ber of epauletted officers of our army and navy, prome
nading the streets, our sovereignty Is well established.
A very large part of the population of the city and
country Is made up of Chinese, who control and con
duet the commercial and exchange interests of the
islands. The Chinese have married Filipinos and a race
of Filipinos is springing up who sustain thecraf tineas Of
their fathers, but whose appearance on first observa
tion do not Indicate their paternity.
An exceedingly unsatisfactory state of affairs pre
vails in the finances of the Islands, The business has
always been conducted on a sliver basis, and all prices
are yet so quoted, but for each 1100 gold value a silver
value of 1266 Is reckoned. As merchandise bought
abroad must be paid for In gold. It wllP readily be
seen how enormous are the asking prices for commodi
ties of merchandise. This is a country to obtain a prac
tical lesson of the folly of the silver craze that pre
vailed a few years ago.
Quite a number of people from Oregon have located
on the islands, or are employed in official positions,
and it Is gratifying to state, the invariable report Is
made that all are prosperous.
LEO FREIDE.
Editor Oregon Dally Journal Sir: I see an article
In Tuesday's Journal of an "all-round -.man" . w Mal
heur City, so took the liberty to tell you of another
of the same kind. My genius lived until recently In
the small but beautiful valley of Hood Rlyer. His
name la Asa Straight. He la 34 years old and tips
the scales at 2034 pounda, and is over six feet tall.
At 14 years of age he made himself a violin and a good
one at that, for which he was offered $20, then he
learned to play on It either church or dance music
without any instruction whatever. He has a black
amlth shop and carpenter shop combined on his ranch.
His tools were mostly made by himself and with
which he did all of his own and his neighbors' repair
ing on farm tools, wagons, buggies, etc. He made
himself a hunting knife and tempered It well out of
an old file. Once he lost the second hand off his watch,
so he took twq 10-penny nails and went to his shoo.
Soon he came back with a small pall of pincers. These 1
he used to hold a piece of a watch SDrinsr while ha
mea it down and made hla watch hand.
On Sundays or evenings If any' of the nelsrhbors
wanted their hair cut or a tooth pulled they were awrv-
to call on "Asa. for he was always ready to do
favor. His evenings he spent at home and he would
either play on his violin or take a small block of wood
and with his pocket knife only he would soon turn
out a little deer or horse, just as perfect aa If it had
been molded from the animal Itself.
He Is a jolly, kind-hearted, good fellow, and as bon
est as they make them, even in a horse trade. If
any one w suits advice for miles around they just call
on Asa, for whatever Asa Straight 'says Is ail O. K,
He la one of those "bashful fellows, you know.
often wonder If he will ever take unto himself a wife.
for if he is as particular about a woman as he is about
his work I am afraid he will remain a bachelor in spite
of the mothers plana and the lovely daughters' schemes.
. The last I heard of him he was In the Big Bend,
Wash., raising wheat and hogs and repairing headers
and other farm machinery, so you see Mr. Morflt is
not the only genius in the land, but I wish there were
more, for they are good, neighbors and good citizens.
They are always too busy to bother saloons or like
places of vice, for Satan finds something always for
Idle hands to do. It takes Webfoot to raise the right
kina or men. L E. C
' ; MiitAans op THti desert
' i :.. y Paul Ba Zsusey. ' '
nigh,
It is said that the profitable hen eata
sixteen times her weight In a year. Her
eggs are aix times, her own weight, and
worth six times the cost of her food.
Feed plenty of wheat, oats,, grit, clover
and bone and less corn.
A tract of 20,000 acres lit Western
Kansas has been bought by Indians and
Ohio, capitalist for raising polled Angus
cattte. ,
BOIS TOW SAKOt BEAUKOK01B.
Fierce raged the combat, the foremost pressed
When from young Beaumonolr rose the wild cry,
Beaumonolr. midst them all, bravest and first.
"Give to me drink, for I perish of thirst!"
Hark! At his side. In the deep tones of Ire,
"Bols ton sang, Beaumonolr!" shouted his sire!
Deep It had pierced him the foeman's swift sword-
Deeper his soul felt the wound of that word!
Back to the battle, with forehead all flushed,
Stung to wild fury the noble youth rushed!
Scorn In his dark eyes his spirit on fire
Deeds were his answer that day to his sire.
Still where triumphant the young hero came,
Glory's bright garland encircled his name;
But in her bower, to beauty a glare.
Dearer the guerdon his lady-love gave
While on his shield that no shame had defaced,
"Bols ton sang, Beaumonolr!" proudly she traced.
It is proposed to make cock-fighting a misdemeanor
in South Carolina. Now, If they would only , make
homicide at least a breach of the peace, things would
brighten up a bit New York Mall and Express. -r-
The Rev. Dr. W. S. Rainsford of New York, when
asked how he regarded Ithe action of Vermont In re
pudiating prohibition, said: "I would rather see a man
free than sober." ,
Herbert W. Bowen, Minister to Venezuela; Judge
Taft, Governor of the Philippines, and Judge Hunt,
Governor of Porto Rico, were classmates at Yale, and
wars lose friends. t
TXZOXT OP TO-bOAinO PHSWOICBSA.
Many geologists refuse to admit that volcanic phe
nomena depend directly on a central fluid nucleus- of
the earth, and conclude that such manifestations have
their origin in the superficial layer of the globeIn
the magma. The theory of Herr Stubel of Leiplzlg. re
cently reposed, la of thla order, and It deserves
mention at greater length than can be given here. In
brief. It is as follows: One of the fundamental prop
erties of magmas, or lavas, is to expand In passing
from the liquid to the solid state and violently expel
the gases contained In the liquid mass. Such phenom
ena are observed In experiments and have been studied
on a great scale In the eruptions of Santorln- (1886)
and of Bogoslay (1883). An obvious proof that the
eruptive energy resides In the magma la given by lava
streams that have been separated from the eruptive
locus ana have become, in their turn, the seat of in
tense reactions which reproduce. In miniature, all tha
different phases of vulcanlsm--domes, explosions, sooria
cones, bornltos. etc. very fluid lavaa. Intensely heated,
have been observed as they flowed Into the sea and It
was noticed that their cooling waa alower under these
conditions than In the free air.. The front of the stream
was observed to open to give vent to pasty masses
which sometimes remained Incandescent under water
till the moment when explosions formed cones, as at
Reunion (1844) and Hawaii (1868). The role of the
Water in these reactions Is accessory, accidental and
temporary. The Hawaiian volcanoes show that ,vul-
canlsm is Independent of Its Intervention.
The manner In which the foci where the magmas,
the real origin of volcanic phenomena, are formed in
the crust of the earth is explained as follows: The
progressive refrigeration of the earth resulted in the
formation or a planetary crust ana also in the dis
tribution In the superficial layers of the crust of enor
mous masses of magma. These masses covered the
globe with an envelope of melted material like an armor.
As new portions of the central nucleus progressively
solidified new masses were expelled toward the ex
terior with progressively greater difficulty, and the
peripheral foci, hi their turn, furnished new expulsions
of magma. Finally the moment arrived when the
canals traversing the armor and the crust were; for the
most part, obstructed, so that the foci which remained
free were still more active.' This Is the catastrophic
period which marks the end of ejections from the .cen
tral portions of the globe. After this epoch the crust
was. In general, strong enough to resist the reactions
of the central focus. The earth had previously been
surrounded by luminous vapors which, at this time,
were extinguished. The armor thickened, for the peri
pheral foci gradually disgorged - their excess of mat
ter In the form of a vast plateaux and. it may be.
formed enormous rings like the lunar craters. . The
exclusive reign of fire approached Its end. Water and
atmospheric constituents were absorbed into the hot
masses of. the armor and were vaporized in tneir turn.
As the cooling went on the crystalline rocas were
formed, geysers were localized, the cooler water freed
from Its chemical activity, favored the beginning of
organic life, the first fosslllferous strata were formed.
the peripheral foci diminished la extent. Among them
ware some that lay as deep aa the sediments and It
is .these that feed our present volcanoes. Some ot.the
consequences of the theory are that tne crust or the
ju-th is much thicker than is generally . assumed.
that earthquakes, like voloaolOyr phenomena, have their
seat In the Interior or tne crust, mat mountain piica
tlons do not arise from a contraction of tha crust;
that the crystalline rocks do not represent the surface
ol the planetary, crust,, etc. ; . , . '
V. Mn7 People are under the impression that mirages
fV y on s-reat desert of Sahara, People
of Oregon do. not generally know these phenomena are '-,
seen, on the Oregon "desert." n Is a fact, however,.,
and some of the most deceptive and most beautiful ,
effects are seen while crossing the plains of the great
Inland Empire, They may be seen at many points oa
the desert' but they are only, known to be mirages Is, i T
many Instances by those who are acquainted with ths '
particular locality. The most common form of mirage
on the Oregon desert Is ths change In the appearanoo
of tha landmarks, both as to shaoa and dlatane. Tha
stranger mistake them (or actual conditions while
the citizen kaa long known the landmarks and when '
the atmoopherio conditions change them he Is quick to
detect it and call attention to it There are also cases
In which extraordinary mirages have appeared, and
In Which tha old-time tranner and atockms hav taaaa
deceived, but they ars rare. . , , , ? , ..
Xa Harney Taller. .
Some of the most beautiful effects are aaan in
Harney Valley, in Harney County. Harney Lake, ons
Of the prettiest bodies of water in the state, will ap
pear One daV to be Only a few miles distant when la
fact It Is so or more miles away. Mountains change
their appearance, and while on day they look to be '
only a few ' miles away, on another ther asaaar ta
be many miles distant Then they change their appear
ance in shape, A range of mountains irina off to the
east of Burns furnishes a diversion in the way of sight
seeing to the citlsena Although the rang stretches
across the entire Eastern portion of the valley, yet
on some occasions tney ao not seem to be half so
long as usual, and at times ther appear to be out la
two in the middle or at some other point la ths rang.
Distant Xoaataias.
Do you see that wide opening through that rana-
of mountains r Inquired William Henley, a prominent
stockman, near Burna on morilng.
' "Yes; what of ttr was ths answer, for a breach
at least a quarter of a mile wide appeared la tha range, a
The mountains are several hundred feet in altitnd at
this point and the breach appeared to be aa distinct
as If it had been chiselled out The walls at either
end of the breach were aa straight as a die and they
appeared to be one of Nature's prettiest demonstra
tions of her work.
"There la no opening at all through tha mountalna
there," said Mr. Hanley. . "They are just aa solid
there as they are to the right and left of the place where
there appears to be a breach."
"Tou are not serious, Mr. Hanley r was suggested,
"But-el" was the reply.
"Well, how do you account for itr
"It's a mirage," replied the stockman.
It was early la the morning and the stranger waa
requested to look over that war la the afternoon and
he would be convinced.
Bur enough, by the middle of ths day the breach
had disappeared, and the rang was onoe more solid,
clear across the eastern border of the valley. At an
other time the breach will appear at another point In
the range, but the effects era so real that none except
those who ar familiar wfth the country would know
that It was only a mlraga. .
The most beautiful effects are visible at sunrise.
At' this time one may see many effects, which If one
will watch one will see disappear In regular order aa
the sun rises and throws on a different light. Then
they appear again, often with different effects at
sunset and some, most remarkable spectacles have
been seen on a clear night Animals on the desert have
appeared to those familiar with them to be of more
than 10 times their size, and the most experienced have
bee)i dumbfounded by this phenomenon.
Winter on the Desert
In company with a Lake County trapper I experi
enced a moat remarkable case of the latter kind. We
were traveling m a buckboard on the winter range
in the mid-desert The surrounding mountalna were all
covered with snow, and this sJ a background gave a
peculiar brightness to the light both by day and night
The section we were in was void of inhabitants. Coy
otes, aage hens and antelope were plentiful and the
trapper lost no time in capturing the coyotes and I kept
up a constant warfare on the sage hens and antelope
that la, . when we cam do enough to the latter ta
get a shot
In making a roundabout trip on the desert in mid- -winter
we often had to make long drives to reach sheep
camps or supply points. . Oa tb Oregon dtsMrt wherty
the sheepmen spend' the winter they have established
supply houses mere cabins or shacks at a day's travel
apart which are for common use. The trapper and I
had spent several days at the foot of Mount Juniper,
nearly 100 miles from the nearest human habitation. In
company with two men who had charge of a vast herd
of sheep. The trapper had been buay wl-i his traps In
the gulches and canyons and had a number of coyote,
wildcat and marten hides as a result while I had been
busy supplying the camp with sage hens, and had '
brought down one antelope.
A Wight Drive.
From Camp Juniper we started early one morning
for Windy Hollow, a distance of 60 miles. The roads
were rough. At one point the trail lay through a wide
stretch of lava beds and we were several hours mak
ing the distance of five miles. It was known that we
were tn a great antelope country, but luck had been
against us during the day, and we had not aeen one
of ' these much coveted animals, though "sign" was
abundant Night came on while we were still several
miles from our point of destination, but we were com
pelled to drive on In order to obtain water for ourselves
and the horses.
It must have been at least 10 o'clock. The stars
were shining brightly and the clear, crispy, cold even
ing gave everything an exaggerated appearance and
made the slightest noise sound much louder than under
ordinary clrcumstancee. The myriad of coyotes that
were following and howling in the distance sounded Ilk
a thousand demon.
Antelope. ..
. We had driven some distance in silence, each button
ing hi coat to keep out the chill night air, and each
carrying a repeating rifle across his lap from force of
habit while In that country. Suddenly the horses shied,
and the trapper, who waa driving, threw the brake
and drew the reina At the same time he nudged me in
the side and said In a low breath:
'Antelope!"
We had been watohlng for them all day and I im
mediately scanned the country about us. But I was kept
searching for them but an Instant To the left and on
my side of the vehicle a great band of animals stood. .
not over 40 yards away, and they were moving restlessly
about and nodding their heads up and down, just as
antelopes do. I raised my rifle, a Marlln loaded with
smokeless powder and steel-jacketed cartridges, and
took aim at the nearest one. Just aa I was about to pull
tha trigger the trapper stopped me.
"Don't shoot yet!" he said in a whisper, "there may
tfe a mistake. It might be. sheep. Step' down to the ,1
gfound and walk toward them until you get closer
they won't run at night" . .
I eased down out of the seat greatly disappointed,
for I was positive that they were antelope, and walked
a few steps toward them and again raised my gun to my ,
shoulder. Just aa I waa ready to Dull the trigger.
again came the warning from the trapper: .
"Don't shoot unless you are certain!"
"I am sure," I replied.
Then let 'em have Hi" he consented in a louder ton
than before.
Sarin, Swallowed Them.
I raised my gun to my shoulder again, and as I did
so the long line of animals disappeared as suddenly as
though the earth had swallowed them up. I looked up
at tha trapper and I saw from his silence and steadfast
gaze in the direction where the animals had first ap
peared that he, too, was surprised.
But in a minute tne animais appeared again, tnouga
little farther away thla time, just aa large and num
erous as ' ever.
"Now, shootr hissed the trapper. '
' I again raised my gun to my shoulder and the ob
jects disappeared as completely ss before. Two or
three times they did this In succession.
"Go nearer to them," said the trapper.
Holding the gun ready for action, I Started tn a
cautious walk toward the point where the animals were
last seen. I walked for 100 yards and there was noth
ing in view except tha level plain which lay out in front
of me for miles, I was about to turn back when I
stumbled Into a large bunch ot sage grass. As I did
this a sage hen rose and sailed away, and another
and another followed until a great flock had taken its
flight - - , -'-
Trapper Solves Xt, ..
It was a puzzler to the trapper, who had spent his
life -on the plains, but we were compelled to admit
that our antelope were no more nor no less than a flock '
of the plains birds. And the horses had been aa badly
fooled aa we. for we had driven through large flocks
of the sage hens during the day and they had never
noticed them until ' they appeared in the spectre-Ilk "
form of antelope that night v -
' "It was only a mltMr-age,"
said the trapper, after
ws had, driven soma olstaae la sUeaeav . Z 'A
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