-8
THE OHEGON DAILY JOUKXAL, PORTXAXl), SATUKDAY. EVENING, NOVEMBEB 29,": 1902.
DIVING FOR PEARLS BY
NATIVES OF SOUTH SEAS
Descend to Depth of
The recent voyage of the Pish Commls
' .Ion's ship Albatross among the islands
f the South S-J has been productive of
most Interesting results. The pearl fish
ery Industry of the natives is striking
nd unique, and appealed to A. B. Alex
ander, one of the commission's exports,
as especially deserving of notice and
study. Mr. Alexander Raid, in describ
ing this peculiar industry:
"The lishery Is regulated by the
French government, the lagoon, being
- thrown open every third year at- tho
Inland of Hokueru, which is tho most
Important center of the Industry. Only
ene lagoon is fished at a time, and in
consequence all divers assemble at one
place. A we arrived at the open se;i
on, natives from almost every island
In the Paumotu group were represented.
Three Arms control the fishery one
French, a German and an American firm.
The season's Ashing commenced October
(. and 55 tons of shells had been taken
np to October 27. The last season the
lagoon was Ashed, tons of shells were
taken out. From this amount KI.OiiU
Worth or pearls were found. As com
i 'i pared to other parts of the world, where
pearl fishing la carried on, it is said that
. this amount of pearls ts small for the
? quantity of shells taken. Here the find
ing of pearls is Incidental. The main
-Object isgatherlng the shells.
B1VWJ SUITS DISCARDED.
"For a nihnber of yeara 'machine dlv
- Ing" was carried on that Is. the men
dressed In dlvhjg suits. By this process
a much greater amount of shells was
taken out each season. Thinking that this
method wan fast exterminating tho llsh
, ery, a law was passed prohibiting It,
since which time all diving has been
performed In the original way of going
. down naked. Diving is performed in
.. depths ranging from flVe to 20 fath
oms, the average probably being lo to
15 fathoms.
Each company employs lb divers for
the season; they nre bound by contract
to fish for no other company and are
paid so much a ton for shells, the price
being governed by the quullty, The
shells are divided Into three grndes.
Xlrst-class shells are worth fl.."iov to
n,!00 per ton; second-class, $1,200 to
..... 11,400, and third-class frequently less titan
11,000, sometimes as low us tzrti, Chilean
inoney. The prices vary to gome extent
each year, according to supply and de
mansV Germany Is the principal market
for pearl sheila and pearls, the price for
: .: both being regulated In that country, anil
. forwarded to agents at Papeete before
the season pens.
"A It pearls belong to the divert) llnd
Ing them, they having the privilege of
selling; to the highest bidder. Usually
" they sell to the. Arm employing them,
, On tho strength- of - fhr "high wages
eamwl, each- sennoir thero -ttr a-formM--.
erabte rush to the lagoon, where pearl'
diving la to be conducted. At the time
of our visit there were 3,50(1 natives
either directly or Indirectly engaged in
" the Aahery, many of them from distant
Islands.
"In moving from their homes the na
tives bring a large portion ot their
household effects .with them In some
eases even tho houses they are to oc-
cupy. The houses are very light, made
of cocoanut palms and pandanus loaves
f put together In sections, and easily
Mm 0
IT USL: Of "DOPE"
Horses Drugged in Many
Fast Races.
-Method to Wake-Up Old Skates
Animals Like the
"Dope."
The recent action of the racing stew
arOs against tho use of "dope" in horses
and their subsequent rejection of the
entry of two well-known thoroughbreds
Hans Wagner and Bellarlo says the New
York World, has caused the query. "What
Is done in horses".'" to be; asked by many i
turfmen who arc not familiar with tills I
phase of horse racing. !
"Dope" as it is called, lliFt came Into
Use among horsemen at Outtcnburg. The 1
track on the Pulllsades was .responsible !
for many evils of the turf, but this was !
the worst that ever sprang into existence !
among the many racing; outlaws that '
made that placa their rendezvous, Dr.
,"tUlig asrestStM fnr-HW Inwrnttwittpwri
He was a veterinary surgeon who attend- ,
-d the sick horses at the track, and he ;
brought forth the "! vir of speed." ;
Jt was first used r.n a big. black horse, ,
S cripple. This horse had once he, n very ;
fast, but physical ailments t ok all his '
speed and courage away from him and i
he had been relegated to the ' :ilso-ran '
class. His owner, a poor fellow with niore !
ABB.dLf.or :. olhertables fo.irn oats and
hay for his one chance to secure a for-
tune. He patched his legs up so tlkat he I
could stand without shaking as though
he had the delirium tremens; started him
several times, and saw him finish far
back In the ruck.
Then Dr. Ring appeared with his speed
producer. Me said that he had some
thing that would make the old ''sliatc"
forget Ids pain, would fire him with all
- his old ambition to race, and that it would
not cost the owner a cent. Would the
owner allow him to Inject the drug in" the
horse? Would he? Well! Such a tiling
M a conscience was never heard of by a
. Outtenburg horseman. .
80 Dr. Ring brought forth his little
"needle" and gave the horse the lnjer
tlon that was to fill his almost broken
heart with the courage of 'a Salvator.
In a short time the stlrnulatnt began to
act. So did the horse. He jumped and
snorted around like a youns; 2-year-old.
" Jie foreot his Ills and troubles and went
to the post with his old life, his fast one
renewed. His speed came back and he
Twenty Fathoms
Appliances,
transported. The representatives from
various islands form separate settle
ments, and for a distance of several
miles along the beach clusters of houses
and small villages are built among the
cocoanut palms. "Tho different village
are In every way the .time as If ttley
were located on the Island home of the
people occupying tlwn. Women and
children are .brought to the island, and
housekeeping goes on in the usual man
ner. Many of the women and young
girls-taJui part in thu diving, and we
were Informed that they are equally as
good divers as the men in depths not
over lo or 12 fathoms.
FOND OF GAUDY CLOTHINU.
"Besides those engaged in Ihc fishery,
many native and a few while traders
deal In pearls to some extent, but
chiefly la articles in demand by the fish
ermen. A generous portion of the wuges
earned by the divers Hnds Its way into
the hands of the truder. The natives,
both male and female,1 are fond of dis
play, and gaudy patterns of goods are
purchased to a much greater extent than
seems necessary.
"()n Saturday hardly any work is per
formed. During the afternoon trading
Is extensively carried on, and in the
early eyenlng preparations are made for
a grand dance and good time generally.
ICurly Saturday morning canoes and cut
ters begin -to arrive ut tho main vil
lage loaded with people from all parts
of the lagoon, coming to remain over
Sunday and take part in tho festivities.
We were informed that it was not un
usual to see luu or more anchored In
front of the village. We were advised
to remain over Saturday, being promised
a unique entertainment.
WORK AROUND .('ORAL PATCHK8.
."Pearl diving la carried onln all parts
of the lagoon where the water is pot
too deep. Tho right depths are found
near the coral patches, many of which
are awush. These coral growths vary In
size irom 10 to 15 feet across the top,
others 100 feet or more, descending with
a gradual slope, pearl shells being found
around their base. Numerous coral
patches ere scattered along the Inner
rim of the atoll, at a distance of some
thing more than a mile from the beach.
"livery part of the lagoon Is free to
all divers, no one oompiiny having ex
clusive rights or privileges. Divers em
ployed by different compunies can work
together on the same ground if Ihoy
choose, and sometimes do. but u a
rule they prefer not to Interfere with
euh other.
"Shortly after ourta arrival, arrange
ments ,wersjtu4W,.ta, vjsi.t..ithe IWttrl-dlv-.
ing grounds situated about eight miles
away. Vfe took passage in one of the
small cutters employed in the Ashery,
and on arriving ut our destination made
fast tri a cutter anchored over a sub
m&ntti jerawih. af. caraU.Two.. ".Over
cutters were at 'unclwr-mnm by. "Three
divers were on one boat and Ave on the
other, one of whom was a woman. Kach
of the divers Is provided with a wuter
glnss, with which he scans the bottom
before going down. The glass is sim
ilar to that used by the llshermon of
Papeete, with a notch in the side In
which to rest the neck. It Is 16 Inches
square at the top, 12 inches at the bot
tom and 12 inches deep. Hy its aid thu
bottom can be seen to a depth of 20
fathoms, nnd shells located. He fore div
beat his field In a gallop.
Dr. Ring
cashed In the thousands.
All he desired was the consent of the
owner to use It and a promise of secrecy,
lie picked out a horse that once possessed
speed, but had lost his best form, placed
the needle to him and then went Into the
ring and backed him. He made the book
makers pqy his fee.
In recent years dope has been Improved
upon. It hus changed Its formual and Is
made up of other drugs than those used
by Dr. Ring.
When the use of It was no longer al
lowed by the turf authorities the needle"
was discarded and the "ball" substituted.
The use of the syringe left a tell-tale
mark behind. Wherever the needle en
tered the flesh puffed up and remained In
t-ftat -eomittioi until th-effects -of the
drug had worn off. It was this sign that
paddock judges searched for when look
ing for horses that were supposed to be
"doped." '- - --
The drur Is now given In a "ball." Tt
Is yot so dangerous to those who use it,
nnd It does not leave a trace of Ha ex
istence behind.
"Dope" cannot make a horse that never
possessed speed run fust. What it can do
and what It does Is to revive In an old
horsa that once possessed great speed,
but who has become sour and Ill-tempered
from training, his old ambition to
try his best. For the time being he is so
under Its Influence that he forgets him
self completely nnd has but one motive
In life to run Just as far and as fast
lis he can.
After several doses horses become fiends
for it, They will not race without it.
Their appetites become Impaired, and after
a time they become wrecks, the same as
the men and women who are addicted to
the opium habit.
One of the signs of the use of dope In
a horse is profuse perspiration. Just as
soon as ti begins to act he breaks out
in-t wMtv A.ljtite owaiifelne .rxumie.
causes him tn "lather" as If he had raced'
two miles at top speed. His eyes begin
lo look unnaturally brilliant, and he be
comes restless and ill at ease. He is
anxious to run. ancl can scarcely e re
strained from doing so while going to the
post.
Hlueaway, who dropped dead last year
after a race, was credited with being a
doDo" J101 sOj He got so much of it,
some trainers fihTmetf, "aT'Tfie" wiF" ft '
"llend" and would not race without It.
He- evidently died from too much stimu
lant. Perhaps the most notorious of the
"dope" horses was the one called W.
U. This horse subsequently became known
throughout tho I'nited States ns the
"ringer," Polk Badgett The Brannan
brothers bought W. it., clipped off his
long tail and dyed his dark hnlr and
white markings. They then brought him
Westentered him as "Polk Badgett," and
bet " orTTiI m Hea vlTy.
W. B. was a fast horse, but a most
erratic one. He had a temper all his ow n. ;
"Dope" appeared to quiet him, and he
ran well with it. The Brannans knew :
this, and gave It to him before the race.
At the post "Polk Badgett" got In a tight
with the starter, and whileTrymg to kT"R ,
the letter's brains out with his heels
was left at the post. The fraud was sub- i
sequently discovered and horse and own- ,
ers ruled off. The stewards of the jockey j
club are keeping a sharp lookout for i
"dope" these days.
i
Without the Use of
ing In deep water the bottom Is Inspected
through the glass. By locallng a clump
of shells before going down, much labor
is saved. Instead of the diver exhausting
his energy in diving at random and
searching the bottom, he goes dirucily
to the spot where the shells lie. At
other times. In shallow water, he goes
down to explore Hie bottom. In Hits
way clusters of shells are located before
any are taken.
CAHHY A NFI" FOR THE SHELLS.
"Before descending. the divers sit
around on (leek for some little time In
Hating their lungs lo the fullest capacity,
exhaling the air through tho mouth,
making a low whistling sound. No
clothing Is worn except a bieeclicloth.
Over the shoulders Is carried a Ujig net
in which lo put the ufceils. In the left
hand is carried a peart (.hell, which
serves the same purpose as a knife.
"With it obstacles are removed from Hie
bottom and shells loosened from th'-ir
bed. The right hand is protected by a
white cotton mitten; sometimes cotton
cloth is wound around the hand.
"When ready to descend the diver
slips over the side of the boat, holding
to the rail with one hand and wit ti a
waterglass In the cither. Locating some
particular point at the bottom, ! lets
go of the rail, drops the glass, takes a
deep brealh and sinks out of sight, feet
Hrsl. Descending about ten feet, he
quickly terns head downward nnd swims
to tho bottom. A water-glass dlmlm lly
discloses every movement, his brown
body forming a striking contrast to Ihe
clear water ami variegated colorings of
the bottom. When hardly a third of
the distance has been reached lie has
the appearance of belni? on bottom, su
transparent Is the water. On reaching
it he pi ices himself In a horizontal posi
tion, seemingly hauling binutulf, along
from one point, to another h or some
time active diving was carried on In
comparatively shallow depths, from 10
to 12 fathoms.
METHOD OF DIVING.
"One man consented to give an ex
hibition dive in deep water. The cutter
was dropped off a short distance from
the shoal and a sounding made In 17
fathoms of water Wo watched through
water-glasses the diver- movements
from the time of sinking below the sur
face until rising to the top again, two
minutes and forty seconds One shell
was brought up. Long before reaching
the bottom we thought it would be' Im
possible for him to accomplish ihe feat,
but In this we were mistaken. Reach
ing his destination, he began plcjting over
pjeci pf ecu-ill. brushing aside stones,
broken shells, etc., in 't lie' same manlier'
us if he were at work a garden He
investigated the bottom some 00 or 7n
feet from tho initial pulM of landing.
When ready to ascend he stood erect
and came up as If being pulled with con
siderable' foeoo,- shooting iiul. -of wil'teF
half way to the waist. He seemed to
suffer no unusual discomfort, and In a
short time was ready to go down again.
There is a record of a dive of 2.) fath
oms. The length of time the diver re
mained down v.e did net learn.
"The boats employed by the natives
are curious In design, being counter
balanced by a side timber so as to avoid
being upset. This method, though ap
parently clumsy, is. In reality, very ef
fective." f
fflDIU
On Candidate for Labor
Commissioner.
AResoIutioa.WasP4s.?d..Sui;g,est
ing to Dealers a Plan to
Avoid Trouble.
At the meeting of the Federated Trades
Council last night, when the ballots con
taining the names of the candidates for
the proposed office of labor commissioner
were presented, that body cast a blank.
A question had been raised at a previous
meeting whether or not the council had
a legal right to vote, 'nnd by casting a
blank was thought to be the best way
out of the difficulty without engendering
uny additional animosity.
A very important matter came up last
night relative to unfair goods. In many
Instances, it scorns, that lirma have con
tracts with manufacturers which are
binding for a yeur, and In the meantime
&be. .goods aj;ejUlC5d,P,tl4tV.uijfair list.
dealers nre obliged 10 pay ror mem
whether they are used or not. In regard
to this matter the following resolution
was passed last night:
"Whereas. It is the universal custom for
manufacturers when making contracts
with their agents or dealers to Insert a
clause 'subject to strike," which has the
effect of abrogating the agreement; and,
"Whereas, This often leaves the agent
wlfh uhralr goods, V1ilch"he Is under con
tract totake, therebyworhlBg a hardship
on his business when these goods be
come unfair to organized labor: and,
"Whereas, It Is the policy of organized
labor to avoid working any Injury' on its
friends: therefore, be it
"Resolved, lly the Federated Trades
Council of Portland, that we caution and
advise all merchants, agents and dealers
to insert a clause in such agreements
terminating same when the product be
comes unfair to organized labor."
ELDER IN PORT.
The steamship Elder arrived In port at
5:30 o'clock last evening from San Fran
cisco with 800 tons of general merchan
dise. She is expected to start out on the
Feli'ifn-IrTp- hot Wednesday; and wttt
carry passengers.
Captain ; Wallace, first officer of the
Eider prlbr to the tieup, has accepted a
position as pilot In San Francisco Bay.
The Columbia left down the river at
8 o'clock last night with a full cargo.
a
K J
OVE1X THE
Willamette:
lASTaSIDC.
IALDINA
DON'TWANT TO
INCORPORATE
Montavllla Residents Say They Are
All Right.
VOTE WAS J 7 TO 7 AGAINST
Most of the Speakers in Favor of
Coming Into" City of Portland.
If Dr. William Dev. i
tin- Montavllla Board of
present at last evening
of thu residents of the
sulci- Ihe incorporation i
as th saying goes, "be
over the result."
It was about 8:15 o'eh
:kj of 1I10 residents of tin
(heir darit lanterns along,
in Aylsworth Hall. K
, sect ct.i ry of
Ti oh-, h.id been
s mass meeting
suburb to con-roj.-ct,
lie would
th tiled to death
' k when about
Villa, bringing
took their seats
M. Stevens was
sc looted us ; chairman n
and W. A. Aylsworth una
r the meeting,
niniously chosen
as secretary.
The chairman,- in call!
to order, stated that Hi
of the evening was to
ng Hie meeting
ie only purpose
decide whether
wauled to llleor-
the residents of the Villa
porate or not.
A I.I, RIOHT AT MtKSKNT.
lr. (). 8. Murray, being called upon to
express his sentiments, said:
i think that we are lining very well
at present, and It is vi r- well 10 leave
well e nough alone. 1 don t want to be
annexed to the City of Portland, and
would much prefer to ovgantae a city of
01 r own. If the Villa had Incorporated
eight or nlno years ago, I fool very sure
that we would have been much better off
In the way of Improvement than we are
at present. When' the Villa was first
started we organised a company with
$;.,'mi capital stock In shares of $50 each,
lor the building of n. water system. The
well was dug about 2Mi feet deep and
some pipe was laid. Then some eople
cli.lded that they did nut want an Incor
porated cty. and1 In consequence the
project was dropped and .1 monopoly se
cured control of the water system.
i understand that a bill will be
presented before th Legislature to take
the Villa into the City of Portland, and
also that part ofr. JilUinma h County ly
ing as far eaat:)a Russellville, and I
want to see the etv Incorporate before
they can get a chance to take us In
against oyr will." 1
H Hill N( 1RR IS AGAINST PROJECT"
Oeorge Hnrrlnger, , prominent resident,
spoke against the .incorporation project,
and said that he -thought the Villa all
BR
I5i
SUBURBS
rlghi as It was at present.
The streets of the Villa," said Mr.
Larrlnger, "are tn better shape than
nine-tenths of the Portland thorough
fares. "
AYLSWORTH FOR, BCHM1DER
rAQAINST.
W. A. Aylsworth, the Base Line gro
cer, spoke In favor of the Incorporation
scheme, and said he thought that
Montavllla should vote to become a city
by Itself, rather than be forced to come
Into the City of Portland, as would be
done when the Legislature meets.
Cnpt. H. Schneider thought that every
thing wag lovely In the suburb, and didn't
think that the residents could afford to
put on city airs, at least not for the
. present.
A number of other residents spoke, both
for and against the proposition, and
finally a motion to incorporate was put
I before- the meeting. 80 mo wrangle was
! held whether a secret ballot or a rising
j vote should be called for. and the ques
1 tlon was Anally settled in favor of the
j foimer. The vote being taken, the re
sult stood 17 to X against incorporation.
! To Extend Railway.
j The survey for the newly selected ex
tension of the Oregon Water Power A
, Railway Co. to the Mt Tabor reservoir
j has ieen completed, and everything Is In
I readiness for the building of thci road
as soon as the weather permits. The
now extension leaves tho old line at
Hawthorne and Euclid avenues, runs
down the latter thoroughfare south to the
tract of I,. M. Myrick, thence east and
south to the reservoir.
New Grange Organized.
At a called meeting of the residents of
Rock wood Tuesday, a new grange of the
Patrons of Husbandry was organized,
with n charter list of 60. The election of
ottioers resulted In the selection of F.
H. Crane as master and Mrs. Viola Love
lace as secretary. Tho new grange wfll
hold meetings the third Thursday In
each month. At the next meeting the
rfewiy elected officers wij. be Installed.
For Street Cleaning Bee.
President M. E. Thompson of the Cen
tral Alblna Board of Trade will bring
the matter of street cleaning before that
body at the next meeting. President
Thompson says that for about a year
the streets In Multnomah Addition have
not been cleaned by the street depart
ment, and will suggest that the members
ol the board take up the matter and ap
point some day when all the members
will turn out and make a clean sweep.
Pleasant Surprise Party.
A very pleasant surprise party was
tendered Miss Gertie Stopper at her
home. 14" Shaver street, Alblna. Wcdnes--Hwij
vigi ataar ;k .o,f hr ys"
friends being in attendance. During the
evening an excellent literary nnd musical
program was rendered, and refreshments
served.
UP-TO-DATE
STORES
are being very generally equipped with, electric
lights, especially where considerable attention
is given to display. The store which has not a
goodly amount of illumination is now-a-days re
garded as a back number. Proprietors of the
nost prosperous stores will tell you that plenty
of good light
is Necessary
and that there is no light equal to the electric
for convenience, cleanliness and effect. In the
show whidow, a light is desired which is free
from deposits of soot or moisture, a light which
can be turned on without climbing in or even
opening the sash. The, Incandescent electric
lights fulfill these conditions perfectly and will
help you
To Make
by bringing more customers into your store.
you once get the customer in and the goods
right the business is half accomplished.
PORTLAND
ELECTRIC
PHONE US AND WE WILL
SEMD OUR SOLICITOR
Did You, Ever
Stop to Think
ft t
X
.A V
How much more you would
njoy your meals if your teeth
were attended to? Bad teeth,
8 -c'
I make It difficult to masticate
I t)f. food properly. Let ut
lrttop this trouble. If attended
to now the cost will be small,
but. if allowed to so aid go
the cost will become greater.
' Teeth extracted absolutely
WITHOUT PAIN.
Or. T. p. Wis,
WISE BROS., Dentists
208, 209, 210, 212, 213 Falling Building, II Both Phones: Or. South 2291; Col S
Cor. Third and Washington fits. Open evenings till 9; Sunday to 12.
STATEMENT OF THE CONDITION OF
The United States National Bank
. Of PORTLAND, OREGON,
At tho Close of Business, Nov. 25, 1902.
ASSETS.
Loans and Discounts
P. 8. Bonds to Secure Circulation
V. S. and other Bonds
Ileal Estate
Office Furniture and Fixtures
Hank Building
Cash and due from Banks ,
LIABILITIES.
Capital
Hurplus and Undivided Profits
Circulation
Individual Deposits
Due to Banks
Attest:
J. C. AIN8WORTH, President.
TO GET CAR SHOPS
Seliwood Board of Trade Raises
Bonus for That Purpose.
At a "well attended meetln of the Sell-
wood Board of Trade last evening the
committee on the Becurlng of a bonus for
the removal of the Oregon Water Power
& Hallway Company from Milwaukie to
Seliwood, reported that the - sum of t
$1.5011.15 had been subscribed. j
The water power committee made the I
following report: That between tha '
Junction of Johnson and Crystal Springs
Creeks and the boundaries of Seliwood
there was a fail of eighteen feet. It was
estimated that at least 300 horse power
could be secured from this faFl for manu
facturing purposes. The committee re
ported that there was enough available
land In the vicinity to establish several
factories. The Oregon Water Power & j
fiiiwu omiiuiiy nre now nmiung prep-
aratiof vy-fewiw S'prinwawr- teinen
through this property. President Don
augh referred the matter to J. W. Camp
bell. James Mallet and W. M. LaForce,
the permanent committee on industries.
a Pro
GEI
it
COMPANY
Seventh and Alder
Dr. W. A. WIi'e
..11,103.130.71
&o,ooo.oo
.. 189,860.00
35.309.64
6,916.00 .
, 135,000.00
,. 787.177.69
$2,297,463.04'
. 300,000.00
. 64.357.80
60,000.00'
.Jl,570,091.83
. 323.013.41.
1,893,105.24 ,
$2,297,403.04
The above statement Is correct. '
F. C. MILLER, Cashier,'
To Give Entertainment.
A combined committee from the Cen
tral Alblna Board of Tra.de and tho
Ladles' Auxiliary Is at work arranging
details for an entertainment to be given
in Oomez Hall, on Russell street, about
December 15. The funds will be used In
the purchase of gymnastic equipment for
the Boys' Brigade Halh kindly donated
to the young people of the neighborhood
by Cap;. Hamilton.
Stole Bicycle Wheel.
Some one stole a bicycle from in front
of the Burkhard Building, on Bast Burn
side street, Thurlay evening while the
owner was visiting in the building. Po
lice Officer Joseph Rcislng found the bi
cycle lying on the bank of Sullivan's
tiulch, tho rear wheel with? its coaster
brake being missing. There Is no clue
to the thief.
Rockwood Artisans Dance,
Rockwood Assembly, No. 206, I'nited
"Al t-faatvs, sa-ve dae atfcete KeUng
hnll the other chty. which was largely
attended. The assembly la In a flourish
ing condition, new members being taken
In at nearly every meeting.
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are
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