The Sovereignty or Brain.
Matter, force and intelligence consti
tute the sun of the universe, the Trinity
which Spinoza said "I choose to call
God." Man is a confound of matter,
force and intelligence; an epitome of the
universe, in the image of God. Matter
with out force were dead; force without
intelligence were blind. The degree
and character of intelligence manifested
determines the rank or value of any or
ganization in the scale of being. Intelli
gence is manifested iu two ways uncon
scious aud conscious. In our own or
ganization, unconscious intelligence pre
sides over the action of the heart, stom
ach, lungs, and other organs whose
functions are not what physiologists
term involuntary. Conscious intelli
gence is manifested in the various modes
of thought, and through it we control our
external actions and relations. "Were we
not endowed with the power of thought
we could have no consciousness of exist
ence. "I think; therefore I am," said
the great French philosopher. We begin
to be (as personalities) when we become
conscious of existence, and the sum of
our consciousness is the measure
of our life. The stomach, lungs,
etc., being organs of unconscious
functions, represent the physical nature.
The brain, the organ of thought, repre
sents the intellectual, the human. It is
therefore superior, sovereign. The head
coinmajids and the body obeys. Nor
does the jilebeiau body ever question the
propriety of an order issued by its sov
ereign, whether it bo to wield the dag
ger of the assassin, run on an erraud of
mercy, or bow beneath the heaviest cross
of toil.
The brain comprises three principal
groups of organs, corresponding to three
classes of faculties, selfish, intellectual
and moral. These are all intelligent ;
but the degree and character of this in
telligence differ greatly, and differing,
conflict.
The consciousness of the selfish group
is manifested chiefly in desire and effort
to benefit itself. The consciousiness of
the intellectual group is displayed in a
search after knowledge. The conscious
ness of the moral group is seen in aspira
tions aftor the good, the true, and tho
beautiful. This first gives us all our wars,
murders, tyrannies, robberies and
crimes of whatever sort, as well as all
our physical pleasures. Tho second, all
our literature, art and science. The
thiJd, all our religion, philosophy, jus
tice, liberty and fraternity.
The relative power of these groups in
any given case is determined by their
relative size. This being true, we have
only to know that the selfish group has
ever been, and still is, the largest in the
average man, to account rationally for
the facts of history and observation that
so disgrace our raco.
" "lis tho mind that makes the man."'
The strong-limbed, muscular, but igno
rant barbarian of primitive times was
but a dim prophecy of true manhood.
He was a slave to superstitious fears and
physical necessities. He cowered before
tho forces of nature, and toiled as a
galley-slave for a meagre and mean sub
sistence. The element of manhood in
herent within him rebelled against a fate
so painful and plebeian, and cudgeled
the brain for plans by which to secure
a better living at a less cost of
labor. This discontent and taxing of
the brain was continued, and under the
activity thus induced, tho brain has
steadily increased in size aud power, and
is still increasing. The result is mar
velous, both as to magnitude and benefi
cence. A single brain, once limited to
the superintendence of the operations of
one pair of hands, may now control ma
chinery representing a thousand pair of
hands, and this machinery is run by
steam and wastes not one ounce of mus
cular force. The unwritten prophecy is
about to be fulfilled. Man is rapidly
emerging from his apprenticeship to the
parent of-invention, necessity, into the
realm of independence of thought aud
action. The forces and appetites that
have so long enslaved him are to be the
instruments of his will and ministers of
his pleasure.
There is a current and popular legend,
to the purport that it was God's original
purpose to keep man in ignorance and
support him in idleness, which scheme
was spoiled by the perversity of woman,
as m mifeted in tasting forbidden joys,
and seeking unlawful knowledge. Then
God placed man under the curse of toil,
saying to him, "Jn the sweat of thy face
shalt thou cat bread." Tho legend is
true to those who are able to interpret
it, as are all the sacred myths and le
gends that have come down to us from
tho venerable past. There was, no
doubt, an era when the primitive man
loaned like an infant upon the breast of
his mother nature, drawing his solo sus
tenance from the spontaneous fruits of
her bosom. From this dream of infancy
he at length awoke to the necessities of
clothing, and other luxuries which na
turo had not supplied. To these wants
involved labor, and the era of toil was
inaugurated. From this hard school of
bitter experience the raco is to graduate
into the era of thought.
The new command is, "Develop your
brain and use it in an intelligent manner-"
'for tho time is not distant when
there will be no room in this world for
him who shall have naught to sell but
his muscle; who can do nothing but toil
with his hands. It is written upon tho
wall of the Temple of Fate, "Become a
thinker, or perish." Nor is this a hard
doom. To the intellectual alone is life a
blessing. Tho ignorant man begins his
career m a cheerless childhood, passes
through a toilsome and anxious manhood
to a sorrowful old ago, sinking at last
into a nameless grave.
The only possible, complete remedy
for tho evils that now afflict society, and
of which workingmen and philanthrop
ists so justly complain, is to abolish the
monopoly of brains by making thought
universal. This done, and the mono2oly
of wealth and power will pass away forever.
An Artificial Sun.
An electrical engineer of Boston
is about to try the experiment of
lighting llolyoke, Mass., in a manner
that will strike the present genera
tion as novel. It is proposed to
build a tower seventy five feet high
overlooking the town. This is to bo
surmounted by an immense lantern
of such illuminating capacity- as to
put all previous lamps in the cate
gory ol trifles. At present only one
tower will be built, but if the princi
ple should prove a success, seven or
oiglit towers will ultimately be
erected, that the city may be ren
dered as light as da', ;.ud gas and
kerosene completely superseded.
The idea ot the inventor is to char ire
the upper strata of the atmosphere
with luminous vibrations in the same
manner as is done by the sun, and
thus to produce the same effect that
is obtained during the day from the
reflected, refracted and diffused light
of that popular orb. It is believed
: that electric light can thus be made
I to pernreatc spaces which are inao-
cessiblo to direct rays by the same
law by which daylight ditt'uses it
self that is, by virtue of an expan
sive property which is constantly il
lustrated on the large scale of polar
illumination, but has noplace in our
text books on optics. The light
given by the solar orb a tew minutes
after sunset, when only the upper
strata of the atmosphere are directly
affected by tho solar beam, furnishes
the best example of the diffusion and
expansion that the Boston engineer
proposes to imitate artificially. Jlis
plans provide lor an illuminating
power from each lantern equal to
300,000 candles, which is nearlj'
twenty times larger than that of any
electric lamp yot manufactured, but
is not all impracticable, as it involves
only an increase in electrical volume
and pressure, and a corresponding in
crease in the diameter of the car
bons. The cost of the tower, lamp
and generator for a single lamp will
be 15,000, irrespective of the engine
power required to run the latter, if
this experiment succeeds Edison
will have to look to his laurels.
The Climax of Love Stories.
It was, wo think, with Jane Eyre that
it began to be supposed that the hot en
counter of two lovers, with all their
juxtapositions and all their quarrels,
heats and coolnesses, was the only ob
ject of fiction disastrous discovery
which has done more damage in the
world than many a more important mis
take. Taking Shakspeare's example,
however, we may say that a story which
is pure love and nothing else, must end
in a catastrophe. It is an intolerable
state not to be supported by the great
mass of beings who are not in love, and
its suddenness, and the overpowering
brief current of its jiotency, the pity of
the strange and tragic conclusion, tho
bitter sweet of that union which is end
ing, are component parts of its power
over us, and justify its acceptance as the
supreme romance, the one typical tale of
youth and passion. There is no looking
behind or after in that sudden rapture
it is all concentrnted in the moment, the
hour, the one point of everlasting dura
tion, which to ordinary mortals is beat
out upon the clock in the shortest spell
of time. But when the youthful pair
occupy their real position in a real
world', the interest of their story not only
gives zest to the study of more ordinary
existence, but it gives the indispensable
composition, the necessary beginning and
ending which every tale requires.
The Kusiaii Grand Puke.
The Grand Duke Constantino, brother
of the Czar of Bussia, is described by
a foreign writer as a maritime Chester
field. He has a ready compliment for
every one who approaches him in society,
and has a good deal of light chit-chat for
all sorts of persons. But in private his
speech is curt, and he deals in those ex
pletives without which the sailor's
vocabulary would be incomplete Tho
Grand Duke was married young to the
handsomest Princess in Germany a
blessing he never much valued. He
travels abroad by himself, and the Grand
Duchess Constantino by herself. Con
stantino has navigated and circumnavi
gated a good deal as an officer of the
Russian navy, of which he is now the
Lord High Admiral. As ho grows
elderly he stiffens and shows hereditary
pipe-clav. His carriage has the bolt
upright stiffness of the Prussian officer,
and his trousers fit as if held down with
straps. His trunk is clothed in a kind of
naval pea-jacket. His step is, for so tall
a man, curiously mincing. It is a
dancing master's step, and enables him
rapidly and without fatigue to cover a
deal of ground. The Czar has an ennwe
look, and gives the impression of a man
who never had a frioud that was not a
valetg Constantino looks as though he
felt himself watched by spies, and
glances about without turning his head.
Ho is very fond of animals, and has in
his park in Bussia a "Zoo" of his own, in
which there are remarkable specimens of
Asiatic goats, buffaloes and yaks.
Rambling Talk.
Still the flood of gold and of immi
gration tends toward the United
States. Europe rears hor children,
and when the' reach maturity', in
stead of becoming soldiers to defend
their native States, or instead of en
gaging in business to help bear the
burdens of their fatherland, their
footsteps turn to the West, and from
the nearest seaport they sail away
and are thereafter forever lost to na
tive land. This year half a mil lion
have come, next year it is expected a
round million will seek our shores.
A million of people. That means
that in one year, from Europe's
strength there will be drawn almost
as many people as are now in our
Republic west of the Rocky Mount
ains. One-fiftieth as many as our
Republic now possess after a hun
dred and fifty years of colonial life
and more than a century ot .National
life. And with the people the gold
of Europe is aho coming, though so
manv are coming those who remain
have to buy so much American ma
terial that it more than counterbal
ances American recklessness and ex
travagance, and makes heavy drains
upon the aggregated wealth of the
Old World. Here arc lessons for the
nations beyond the sea, and a great
lesson also for us. This state of
affairs is a notice served upon Europe
that her vast armies must be dis
banded, that the young must bo
permitted to marry and to work for
a home, aud that whatever elso is
wittheld from the people, they must
be given the right to think
as they please, and to read what
ever a free press may throw off.
When our Declaration of Independ
ence was written, that was a notice
served upon the world that sovereignty-
was soon to pass from kings,
and that the people were to assume
their divine prerogative. Europe has
been slow to hail the signal; it may
require a great many tears and many
a blood bath yet to wash the mists
from the people's eyes but the earth
quake is upon its inarch and no
chains can be welded which can re
strain it in its course. The people
there arc restive now in wearing out
the oest part of' their lives in holding
bayonets as props to thrones; what
will be their condition liftyr 'oars
hence when this Republic becomes
a cloud by day, a pillar of fire by
night to a watching world, and when
150,000,00 of people chant in chorus
pieans to Liberty? And for us the
lesson is that as a people we must
tako higher ground; must prepare
the youth of the country for nobler
work. With the great West all ex
posed, with a curtailing of the fields
of labor, and with from half a mil
lion to a million common laborers
coming to our counti' annually, the
children of our people must bo given
an education which will tram eye
and hand and brain to do some
necessary thing better than foreign
artisans can do it, our manufactories
must be encouraged, the laws must
be modified which govern our ship
ping, and the rich must be taxed to
fill the seas again with our sails that
the nations which have to buy will
buy of us, and the daily lesson which
should never be missed in our schools
should bo that our native land de
serves all the love, all the respect
and the perpetual defense of its clnl
dren.
A Pet lined Woman.
There arc lots of rare things in Ohio
that have not been dreamed of in your
philosophy. Ohio has Hie President, his
successor the Chief Justice, General of
the Army, Secretary of the Treasury,
Minister to Franco, and other honors too
numerous to mention, and now, down at
Quiucy, Shelby county, in that State, a
petrified woman has been discovered.
She is no Cardiff giant, but a Mrs. Kelli
sou, who used to live in Illinois. Eiye
years ago at the age of seventy she vis
ited her son, who in duty bound gave a
bountiful dinner in honor of the event.
He says that his mother ate very
heartily, so much so in fact
that the next day she was taken
suddenly ill, and after a few
hours illness died. Mr. Kellison, who
is an intellitent farmer, had his mother
buried in a "limestone gravelly" knoll on
his farm. Recently on selling tho farm
he was compelled to removo her remains,
when it was discovered that the body had
turned to stone, and it took a dozen men
with ropes and pulley to drag the re
mains from the grave. The old lady was
70 years of ago, in good flesh and
weighed about "l -JO pounds when she
died. When exhumed the petrifaction
U'flQ -Mm-tTifif mwl flw. -ti1t nnvf. luV
body lacking is a small portion of the
i pi i ... .... i i r
ieit aia ot tlie nase. Tne weiguc oi uiu
body is now estimated by good judges to
be at least 1,000 pounds. The remains
have been laid aw.'iv in Prosnect Grave-
vard . Oiiinpv 01ii- w lnrn thfiV nOWai'C.
but Mr. Kellison promised them to a
bcieniinc gentleman, who mtentib iu yit:
sent them to one of the medical muse
ums of the State.
Even at this early stage of the game
the nervous turkey "is beginning to feel
bad.
He Couldn't Help It.
There was another case yesterday of a
boy who couldn't help it, A prominent
and dignified citizen was looking out
through the third story window of a
block on Jefferson avenue which he had
thoughts of renting, when the idea sud
denly struck him to look into the alley
in the rear. He raised the sash of a
window and peered oat upon ash boxes,
coal scuttles and barrels of straw with
out number, and was about to close his
observations when the sash came down
with a thud and struck him behind his
shoulders. In his fright he fell to his
knees, and while the solid half of his
body was all right the lighter was over
the window sill. In addition to the
weight of tho sash any movement of his
body was accompanied by pain. The
fash could not be reached with his hands
freely enough to lift it, and it soon oc
curred to the prominent citizen that he
ought to have help. He could not expect
it from behind, for he was alone in the
store, but as ho looked down into the
alley a boy came stumping along to find
something worth lugging away
Hello, boy! hello! called the citizen.
"Hello'yoursolf!" cried tho boy as he
looked up.
"hay, boy, come under the window
here; I want to speak to you."
Isot much, yer don t," chuckled the
amin. "lou can t drop no coal scuttle
on my head."
"But I don't mean to."
'Olebbe not, but you've got a bad face
i you for all that. When did you get
"So does yer aunt! Don't get mo to
stand in with no such duffer as yon
are
"I'm caught in this window and want
"So would I! Been prospecting for
old junk, eh? You'll get six months for
that!"
"If you'll come up-stairs and help mo
out 1 11 give vou a dollar!
"A dollar! You can't play no dollar
store on me, out man: II you make up
another face like that at me I'll hit vou
in the eye with this old lemon. I don't
look starched up, but I don't let any
man insult me. all the same.
"Don't you know who I am '?" softlv
asked the citizen.
-LTilVl, X UU.l L, Will' Jl. 11 UUC IJKSL-
eeco do. You've got one of the hardest
V.,,.. I Til !w
l
mugs on you I ever saw, and I've a good
mmd to give you one, lust tor luck!
Look out now."
He made as if he would throw, and
the citizen dodged. This was such fun
for the boy that he kept it up for three
or four minutes, and the otter of 2 had
no oitect on mm. Then hu gatnerea six
or eight old lemons and oranges to
gether, aud said:
"I believe you are the boss hyena who
knocked dad down at tnj caucus, aud I m
going to drive your nose buck exactly an
lxlLIl.
The sooner ye call the sooner ye 11 be
ed! Here's to hit you square on the
The opening of the back door of a
store and the appearance of a man dis
concerted the lad's aim, and the lemon
struck the citizen's hat instead of his
nose. His yell brought a climax, but
the air was full of tropical fruit even as
the boy dusted down tho ahoy and turned
a corner,
The boy couldn't help acting that way.
He was born so. It wouldn't have been
a bit like a bov to run up stairs aud re
lease the man. He didn'i have a fair
show with his spoiled leinous, but boyt
soon get over disappointments. Detrois
rrec Press.
A'n'cailv Punlriiied.
If it has ever been in print we are in-
nocent, as it comes from that traveling
encyclopedia of fun, the drummer. The
firm, consisting of two brothers, Jacob
and Isaac, in New York, had failed for a
large amount, and announced their abil-
ity to pay only ten cents on a dollar.
This having been done, Jacob said to
Isaac:
"Isaac, dod vos dor biggest day's peeu
noss we efer done, hah ?"
"I ped you."
"Isaag, vo vill go celobrade. Ye vill
pig deener by der Dehuonigo, hah V"
"All rhiad."
They went to Delmonico'sand ordered
. . i i . i
a sumptuous meal, for which they were
charged Slo.
Said Jacob, presenting a So bill to the
cashier:
"Gif me dree dollars una a nan in
shangc."
"How can that be?" asked the cash
ier. "Your bill is $15, and that is but
So."
"Oxectly, dot's rhiad. You see ve vos
baengrubt, uudt pay not no mOro as
den cends on eiery tawler, ain't it
Isaag?"
But the cashier failed to see it that
way, and sending for an officer ho made
Jacob produce the correct amount.
"Got vill bunish you for dees," said
Jacob to the cashier. "He bunish you
for shead a man who only gan pay den
cend on der tawler, ain't it, Isaag?"
Isaac said nothing, and tho brothers
started out, Jacob still assuring the
for
cashier that "Got vill bunish vou
h . fe. r iJ P intf
"vn
YaTfob, youas rhiad. Got vill bun-
l)' h fntTGtT'
ni?n ?f ir breMt Pcket f-llls
nPillhillg ."t1s1ou?etllin-
Got half already bumshc-ddod maei,
Iboois" me VU Z Gr
.
A California justice, in a moment of
anger, said that the lawyers in a case on
trial before him rA nn bpffr tlmn
horse thieves. Then he apologized and
nneu nimseii lor contempt of court. 1
Progress of the Electric Light.
The electric light seems to be com
ing into use in England almost as
fast as in America. It is tho Anglo
American Eieetric Light Company
that controls the Jabtockoff system,
but having become satisfied last win
ter that the Brush was tho better
system, it purchased the English
patents for $150,000. In the mean
time a commission, appointed by Par
liament, made a report tilling a large
volume, which, after months of in
vestigation and a thorough test of
the Siemeus, Gramme, Wallace and
other systems, awarded the Brush
light tho superiority over all others
by -10 per cent, in the results at
tained. The government immedi
ately cabled the Brush Company at
Cleveland an order for SS0,000 worth
of apparatus. The fact was tele
graphed all over the world, and was
in tho Telegram's Associated Press
dispatches last February. Since then
tho Anglo-American Company have
sold enough machines to make the
aggregate reach nearly 1000 lights,
The Government lights are used in
Lho Boyal navy, in the ship yards
nnfl ftfI,.e tV on u,.
, .
runui , LU U1,vu tweu-suvou oiu-
mons ps, of 2000 candle power
each. To drive twenty-seven lamps of
the Brush system, requires 24-horse
power. It reouires a separate ma-
chine for each Siemens lamp. One
milchine drives iorty Brush lamps.
ty Brush lamps.
The greater economy in fuel with
the saving in wire and machinery
must at once be apparent. The Brush
rreuch patents have been bought tor
-5250,000. To run forty Brush lamps
requires but thirty-four-horse power.
The machines can be run for fifty
per cent, less than gas can be manu
factured here, and as the plant can
bo bought for less than one-sixth of
the amount expended in expensive
pipe systems, it furnishes an inviting
field tor capital. Tho wires being'
run into the stores the same as tele-
I 1 1
SraP W11CS 'dl'Q n, loes away with
tue expense oi matting connections,
and there is no loss from leakage.
The light is being used in churches
East, and is said to be advantageous
for both churches and large halls, al
though it docs not answer for dram
atic performances where at times ab
solute quiet is required, the carbons
occasionally making a slight noise
when feeding. It will probably be
introduced in churches here, there
h;. vu,f been correspondence for that
! n it-k(rk lAirit ii nif lilnof nun nnof aio
1 i .iii,.- a k t
" 1 , . " B . X.
till LUC JJUUSUS USIllli UlZUli
-ire closed Sunday night, the power
can very well
be employed lor
furnishing the
electric light to
ch urches.
The Apachk "Who Could Eide a
"Bnoxco." Tom Newland has an In
dian who place a high estimate on his
equestrian ability. There was a horse to
be brought into town a few days avo, and
the Indian was given the iob. He was
told he w:ts a bronco, but it was, csta
baeno, me sttbt" Hitching the animal
to a tree, he carefully placed the sweat
cloth on him; then the blanket, the bri-
die aud the saddle: at each performance
giving voice to a satisfied "Ah, hah."
each ejaculation growing intenser until
ho got into the saddle. All this time the
"bronco" looked as unlike Alexander the
Great's war horse, Bucephalus, as a
carpenter's saw horse. The Indian
started; he gained the crest of
the hill where the scrub oak was thickest;
ho turned and gave another "Ah, hah."
which was followed so closely by
"whoa" that it sounded like a compound
word. Then something rose a few feet
m the air, went bacK, ana roso again.
There was a cloucl of dust, a heap of
Apache talk, a flash of bright colors, and
silence. when Tom went up, he
found the horse grazing in the most
orthodox fashion, and a strip of white
breech clout, and a pair of brown legs
surmounted by red stockings and iron
clad shoes sticking up from the middle
of a scrub oak like a new sort of planf.
Tom got him out of the brush, and
when he said "Ah, hah," the Indian
looked as though he wauted to go on the
war-path.
Grandfather Lickshingle entered the
office of the Petroleum World and said
if there was anything he could not abide
it was to see history "all balled up, as
this man iEsop had done it" He told
the reporter to get out his shorthand
pencil and quote him word for word and
he would make iEsop sick: "As to the
fable of the boys and tho frogs," said he,
"these air the facts, for I wuz present an
saw the whole business. You see, some
ys wuo AV11S playm' near a pond saw
bov like, amused themselves by pelting
them with stones. After several wu?
km fl th f w f
ler, lifted his head ouVof the water and
cried out: 'Pray stop, my boys; what is
sport for vou is death to us!' few, there
I . alonnoci Pnh fllA , .
oro the boys stopped. Not much,
xuary auu. J-uuy inugneu at tne irog s
remarks and cried aloud: 'I3at him in
lu muutu: uuu Kiuutu-iug up eacn a
handful of rocks they batted him with
great combattiveness. Moral boys will
uc "WJ