SECOND SECTION
30VERSTHI MORNING FIELD ON THE LOWER COLUMBIA
PUBLISHES rUll ASSOCIATED PRESS REPORT
33rd YEAR. NO. 116
ASTORIA, OREGON, SUNDAY, MAY 24, 1908
PRICE FIVE CENTS
SIXTEEN PAGES-9 TO 12
n
NEWS OF NEW YORK
Items of Interest in the Great
Eastern Metropolis
GAMBLING AGAIN WIDE OPEN
I Less Than 20,000 FtmilUi in Greater
New York Own Their Own Hornet,
While Three Million People Live
i In Flats.
NEW YORK, May 23 After re
maining tightly in place for several
montlu the "lid" ii now off and New
York ii again comparatively a "wide
open" town to far a gambling It con
cerned. From time to time there
cornea from that myaterioui aource
which New Yorkers have come to
eJl "the man higher up" though no
one can tell who he i-tipi that
gambling must cease, or that it may
begia again. Whichever form the
menage takes it icema to he regarded
at authoritative by both police and
gamblers. Now the word is that the
devoteei of chance may resume op
eration and in consequence the gam
bling houses in the aide streets off
upper Broadway are doing a rush
lif business and their proprietors
wear their old-time look of prosper
ity. So implicitly do the gamblers
trust the source from which permis
sion has come to reopen that there
is little attempt at concealment. The
publications of the names and loca
tions of the principal gambling houses
alnng Broadway from Twenty-third
to Forty-second streets has not caus
ed them to close.
WHERE NEW YORKERS LIVE.
NEW YORK, May 23-The fact
that the style of abode in which most
of the residents of America'! greatest
city live is of comparatively recent in
vention, was called to attention this
week by the death of Thomas Mc
Kegney, the "father of the flat." It
was fifty-five years ago that the first
of the buildings for which the Har
lem section has since become famous
was put up. It accomodated five
families and was without any frills.
Today nearly 3,000,000 persons in
Greater New York dwell in this lort
of building, that is, in apartments,
flats or tenements. In 1858 when Mc
Kcgncy began the wholesale con
struction of his flats, in Harlem, 'the
prevailing residence was a detached
house of two stories, basement and
attic. Theae, incredible as it seems,
to New Yorkers today, rented for
about $100 a year. So rapidly did the
demand for them increase, however,
that McKegney conceived the idea of
building "a lot of houses in a bunch"
as he expressed it, and as a result,
to him more than to any other cause
is due the disappearance of the sin
gle house. Today less than 20,000
families in Creatcr New York own
the houses they live in, and a single
dwelling of any size and pretentions
is possible only for the very rich.
Frobably in no other way is the ra
pidity of metropolitan expansion
shown so graphically as in the devel
opment of the flat which fifty years
ago housed less than fifty persons in
New York and now provides homes
for 3,000.000.
JOINS IN CAMPAIGN
Will Aid the West in Prosperity
Movement
CONDITIONS OF MONEY GOOD
No Need of People Hoarding Their
Money Large Number of Business
Men Are Still Carrying Large Bal
ances of Cash on Hand.
NEW YORK, May 23-New York
not only is joining in the general
"prosperity" campaign inaugurated a
few days ago in the West, but is pre
paring to start a movement of her
own for the restoration of confidence.
Reports received here show that the
hoarding of money still continues to
some extent in many parts of the
country and that even business men
are holding down their bank balan
ces, carrying large sums of cash on
hand and hesitating to commit them
selves to their usual purchases as a
result of the fear inspired by the
October panic. The fact that the
conditions which caused the trouble
six months ago have changed and
that there is at present no reason for
alarm over money tightness is well
understood by 'those familiar with
the financial situation but does not
seem to be fully appreciated by many
merchants and other business men.
To disseminate a better understand
ing of actual conditions the aid of
the great army of traveling men who
represent the business houses of this
city is being enlisted. In view of the
fact that there are 100,000 or more
of these traveling representatives, it
is believed that no other means will
prove so effective in restoring the
confidence of business men through
out the country as the facts and argu
ments which will be supplied to them
from the headquarters here and
which they will present to their cus
tomers. Herman A. Hetz, Comp
troller of Creater New York, is at
the head of the movement and lead
ing business men of the city have en
listed in it. One feature of the cam
paign is to be a great gathering
which will be held here in August
and will be known as the Commer
cial Travelers' Interstate Prosperity
Congress. At this meeting will be
assembled not only the commercial
men who have been engaged in
spreading the doctrine of good times
but also leading business represen
tatives from all parts of the country
and reports will be prepared showing
actual conditions of trade, the extent
of the recovery from the trouble !
last autumn and the basis on which
it is claimed that a condition of real
prosperity exists. While it is gen
erally assumed that the real effort of
the movement will hardly be felt un
til after the national political conven
tions, business men and financial
leaders here are determined not to
permit a misapprehension of real con
ditions and the bogie of "presidential
year" to delay the realization of gen
eral prosperity if energetic action on
their part can prevent it.
It Has the Union Label
And the Union Label Stands for "QUALITY"
EVERY GARMENT OF THE FAMOUS
ill
1 : Wi.'.i
Guaranteed Clothing
For MEN and YOUNG MEN
Is hand tailored by skilled union workmen in
J our own clean sanitary workshops. We can
show you
unite
With the union label in the pocket of every gar
ment ranging in price from $15,00 to $25.00 which we guarantee
to be absolutely satisfactory in Quality, unsurpassed in style, perfect
in fit and marvelous values for the money.
Every man, union or not, should see this clothing before buy
ing. Come in and try it on compare it with what you see:else
where we will be satisfied with your decision.
fffye Working(men9s Stove
CHAS. LARSON, Prop. 518 BOND STREET
DRAEGERAPPARATUS
Supplies Pure Air While Fighting
Mine Fires
WILL LAST FOR TWO HOURS
Cylender-Tanks Of Oxygen Carried
Upon the Back the Carbonic Acid
Gas Exhaled From the Lungs Pas
ses Through Potash Cartridges and
is Purified.
In accordance with their policy of
investigating every promising method
for reducing the risks of mining, the
anthracite coal operators have just
made a test of a new life-saving ap
paratus. It is a German invention,
and its function is to keep the man
who wears it supplied with pure air
while he fights mine fires or rescues
comrades who have been overcome.
The test took place in one of the
mines near Scranton. About thirty
officials of the companies gathered to
witness it. A mine gangway was al
lowed to fill with gas, for the pur
poses of the test Two volunteers,
fitted out with the helmets, explored
the gangway and chambers branch
ing out from it. Emerging from the
gas, they reported themselves none
the worse for the experience.
The chief part of the Draeger ap
paratus, so called after, its inventor,
is carried upon the back; it includes
cylinder-tanks of oxygen, and potash
cartridges for absorbing carbonic acid
gas exhaled from the lungs. The oxy
gen, contained in the cylinder at an
initial pressure of 2000 pounds issues
to the helmet at the proper rate for
consumption by the lungs. The ex
haled air at the same time is purified
by passing through the potash car
tridges, and is used over again in con
junction with the fresh oxygen from
the tanks. The apparatus will supply
air to the wearer for two hours with
out replenishing.
Recent disasters in bituminous
mines, in this country and abroad,
have aroused " widespread interest in
the subject of mine accidents. The
United States Government, even, has
conducted inquiries into the causes of
accidents, with a view to finding
means to prevent them. In the an
thracite mines of Pennsylvania mea
sures for the protection of the miners
have been so perfected that fatalities
are practically limited to such as are
brought about by carelessness or deli
berate negligence.
This device now being investigated
is designed for use in either smoke
or in the deadly gas which occasional
ly fills sections of mines. The venti
lating system installed by the anthra
cite companies are so complete that
the gas is rarely allowed to form in
dangerous volume, but the companies,
nevertheless, provide the most mod
em equipment for rescue work. Of
ficials are on constant watch for in
ventions which may reduce the dan
gers of the miner's occupation.
Though they prepare thus for fire
fighting and . rescues, the companies
seek to put most emphasis upon the
prevention of conditions which lead
to fires and explosions. To this end,
they have a thorough system of in
spection as well as thorough ventila
tion. The State of Pennsylvania has
twenty inspectors in preventing ac
cidents. Taking in the whole State,
there are more mine inspectors on
duty in Pennsylvania than in all of
Great Britain and Ireland.
Examinations of mine employes,
in regard to protective measures, are
held by the companies, and these have
created much enthusiasm among the
men. One of the anthracite compan-
the fire bosses is perhaps the most
valuable of protective measures. Sev
eral hours before the miners go to
work, the bosses visit all the working
chambers and test them for gas. If
there is any reason why a miner
would not be safe in any chamber,
the boss indicates the danger by mak
ing a conspicuous mark on the coal
"face." Besides that, he reports the
dangerous chambers to the foreman,
and the foreman does not allow any
body to enter them.
In his last report, the Chief of the
Pennsylvania Department of Mines
says that the great majority of the
accidents are undoubtedly caused by
the carelessness or negligence of the
victims. The miner, who is, in a way,
an independent contractor and em
ploys his own laborers, is supposed
to use ordinary intelligence in his
operations. It is when he doesn't do
this that an accident results. Then,
sometimes,, rescue apparatus comes
in handy.
Hence the present test of a breath
ing apparatus for which important
claims are made. The Draeger ap
paratus has been used in European
mines, though it is not yet widely
known in this country. It was used
in the resource of miners at the time
of the disaster at Currieres, France.
One of its principal advantages is
that the wearer can see and hear as
usual, and can be easily heard when
he speaks to a companion rescurer.
The apparatus weighs about 28 pounds
and is simple in its operation.
In addition to life-saving appliances
of this character, the anthracite com
panies all have first-aid-to-the-injured
corps in their mines. The men in
these corps have regular drills, and
are instructed by physicians retained
for the purpose by the companies.
The "miner-doctors" have become re
markably, skillful in applying band
ages, making splints and tourniquets,
and in other phases of the first-aid
work. Every year a competition drill
between the corps in the numerous
anthracite collieries, is held at one of
the towns in the reigon.
One of the greatest obstacles in the
way of reducing the number of mine
accidents is the supplanting of he
Anglo-Saxon miners by a miscella
neous foreign element These forei
gners, speaking a dozen or more dif
ferent languages, are below the
British and the Germans in education
and general efficiency, and they are
careless of their own lives and the
lives of others. It has been found pos
sible too, sometimes to buy miners'
certificates, and thus avoid the effect
of the law which requires experience
before the State will grant a certifi
cate. In this way incompetent men of
ten get into the mines, and the oper
ators are powerless to prevent it.
Instructions are printed in every
language spoken in the mines, and
are posted prominently where all the
mine workers may see them. la
many instances, however, the State
inspectors have learned that the men
pay too little attention to the notices.
CHEESE OR RIFLES.
Cargo of the Steamer Ship Empire
Questioned.
SAN FRANCISCO, Ma 21-Be-fore
a jury in the United States dis
trict court the question of whether
the cargo of the steamer Empire was
cheese or rifles will be decided today.
Incidentally, it will also be decided
whether Harry J. Hart and Captain
N. W. Liberoth are guilty of con
spiracy against the neutrality laws of
the United States and of sailing from
this port without having filed a mani
fest of cargo with the collector.
It was in May, 1906, that the steam
er Empire, chartered by Hart and
commanded by Liberoth, sailed from
San Francisco for Central American
ports with 294 cases from the tug
Dauntless without filing a manifest
for the 294 cases or getting a clear
ance. At a Central American port a
call was made where a mysterious
ies, for example, gives a trophy to the J individual and 60 black soldiers were
district making the highest average
in the examinations. If the same dis
trict comes out ahead three times in
succession, it holds the trophy per
manently. The spirit of rivalry
makes the men study the regulations
much more carefully, perhaps, than
they otherwise would.
The early morning inspection by
taken aboard and the voyage was
then continued to Acajutla, where
the 294 cases were delivered to a
mysterious person, known as Vail.
According to testimony by W. J.
Schiller, who was supercargo aboard
the Empire, at least one of the cases
contained rifles for the cover burst
and he saw the contents.