8
" " THE MORNING ASTOHIAN, ASTORIA, OREGON.
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 37, 1901
We oreheodqunrtcrs for all kinds
S1EED
Flower and Garden
Extn Choice Variety of Sweet Peas, all Color
and Nasturtiums.
I A. V. ALLEN
Pmonm Branch Ukiontowh
Klin 711, Main 2871. ' Phone Main 713
Sola agent for Baker's Barrington Hall Steel Cut Coffee.
Mrs. Fowler's
Free Lectures
At Astoria Theatre beginning
Thursday, Feb. 27, 8p. nv, "Brain,
the Tap-Root of Life," to all; Friday,
Feb. 28, 8 p. m., to all; Sunday, March j
1, 2:30 p. ol, to alL t
MADE IT RIGHT.
Yet It Wat Net Eaiy For the Salesman
to Qraip the Beta1 Seheme.
In one of the auburbi of London
then to a wholesale Ann the senior
member of which may be known as
Mr. Blank. The Arm has two traveling
salesmen- single man, receiving 30
snJlunss Der week, and the other
I married man, drawing 2 per week.
A short time ago the single man. be-
ventlemen onlv: Thursday. Feb. 27.
S p. ul, to all; Fnday. Feb. 28, 8 p. m. that the married sales-
to all; Sunday, March 1, 2:30 p. m., to j man was receiving 10 shillings per
an.
Phrenological examinations and
health consultations given daily at
Occident Hotel, from 9 a. m. to 9
p. till March 11th. Her classes
on the use of electricity to cure dis
ease will begin March 3rd at 2:30 and J
7 JO p. m.
The Old Reliable
Painless
Chicago
Dentists
Cor. Commercial and Eleventh fits.
ASTORIA, TORE.' '
Pbone 3901
Headquarters ,
Portland! ore.
Are equipped to do all kinds of
Dental work at very lowest prices.
Nervous people and those afflicted
with heart weakness may have no
fear of the dental chair.
22 K. crown $5.00
Bridge work, per tooth. 5.00
Gold fillings .. $1.00 up
Silver fillings .....50c to $1X0
Best rubber plate ...$800
Aluminum-line plate 510 to $15.00
These offices are modern through
out. We are able to do all work
absolutely painless. Our success is
due to uniform high grade work by
gentlemanly operators having 10
to IS years- experience. Vegetable
Vapor, patented and used only by
ns for painless extraction of teeth,
50c A binding guarantee given
with all work for 10 years. Exami
nation and consultation FREE.
Lady in attendance. Eighteen of
fices in the United States.
Cor. Commercial and Eleventh Sts.,
over Danziger store.
Some of the Trials of Writers.
Professor Lounsbury of Tale calls at
tention to soma of tlie diClcuitles of
English grammar with which writers
have constantly to struggle In their de
sire to avoid obscurity aud be correct
at the same time. In Harper's Maga
zine Professor Lounsbury takes up the
use of "whose" as a relative pronoun
referring to Inanimate objects and Jus
tifies its use since nothing better can
be devised. He discusses the use of
the singular pronoun with the word
"everybody," as In "There everybody
met his friends." This Is manifestly
inadequate, and "bis or her friends" is
clumsy. Jane Ansten, writes the pro
fessor, avoided the difficulty by using
the plural pronoun, as In her sentence,
They say everybody Is in love once
in their lives." He thinks no satisfac
tory solution of this problem can. In
the aatnre of the case, ever be reached.
week mors salary than himself, while
he (the single man) was selling more
goods. He called Mr. Blank's atten
tton to this and suggested that as be
was selling more than the other fel
low. he should at least tacsJve as much
The senior partner sctaswledged the
apparent Inconsistency tat assured his
man that be would look into it and if
the statement were correct he would
make matters right
Another week rolled by, and when
the single man came to draw his sal
ary from the bookkeeper he was sur
prised to find only 30 shillings passed
out to him the same as before. He de
murred. The bookkeeper insisted be
had received no instructions to raise
his pay and referred him to the gov
ernor. Approaching Mr. Blank, be
said:
Ten remember, sir, I spoke to yot.
last week about my salary, statins
that while I was selling more goods
than the other traveler. I was recelv
lng less pay. and I thought I should
receive as much as he did. Ton assur
ed me you would look into it and make
matters right."
Tes," said Mr. Blank, "I remember
your mentioning the matter, and I
made it right didn't IV
"Why, no; I don't see how yon have,
as the bookkeeper has Just paid me
the same amount as before. I can't see
how that is making it right sir."
Ton don't understand,' said the
senior partner. "I have made it right
Too thought you ought to have as
much pay as the other man. and I
have made it right by cutting the other
fellow's pay down."-London Tit-Bits.
No one is immune from kidney
trouble, so just remember that Foley's
Kidney Cure will stop the irregul
arities and cure any case of kidney
and bladder trouble that is not be
yond the reach of medicine. For sale
by T. F. Laurin.
: -5 '
A Metaphor With a History.
To "know a hawk from a hernshaw"
Is a metaphor with a curious history.
It is a comparison drawn from falcon
ry. "Hernshaw" Is a corruption of
"beronshaw," or young heron, a bird
which was a common prey of the fal
cons. To know a hawk from a hern
shaw is therefore to be able to distin
guish the falcon from its prey. A fur
ther colloquial corruption crept Into
the phrase, "to know a hawk from a
handsaw," a form used by Hamlet iu
one place. Possibly the distinction be
tween a hawk and a bernshaw was
found not to be strong enough for the
purposes of the proverb. Manchester
Guardian. .
Lane's Family Medicine is a tonic-
laxative. It does not depress or weak
en, but imparts a feeling of buoyancy
and strength that is delightful At all
druggglete 26c.
Special Message of President
Roosevelt to Congress.
OF WIDE-SPREAD INTEREST
"The Report is Well Worth Your
Attention It is Thorough Conser
vative, Sane and Just" Repreaents
Mature Judgment of Qualified Men.
frit I
- Individually Molded desserts are
bow considered the proper thing. The
, moulds are hard to get outside the
' large cities, but users of JELL-O,
The Dainty Dessert, can get them
absolutely free. Circular in each
package explaining and illustrating
the different patterns. JELL-0 is
sold by all good grocers at 10c. per
package. Do not accept a substitute
or you will be disappointed.
A Feast of Kisses.
"I once visited the little town of Hal
magen, in Boumanla," said a strolling
player who used to wander into the
odd corners of the world, "but even 1
and my hair Is getting a little thin, and
I wouldn't take first prize in a beauty
contest got enough kisses in one day
to last an average lifetime. It seems
that Halmagen from time Immemorial
has bad an annual festival, and on this
day the population of about eighty vil
lages come swarming in. Every young
woman of the town, married or single,
goes out on this day carrying a vessel
of wine and a small garland of flowers.
To every visitor they offer a sup of
wine and a klss."-St Louis Republic.
No Death Penalty.
European countries which inflict no
death penalty, however brutal or pre
meditated the crime, are Italy, Hol
land, Norway, Switzerland, Portugal
and Russia, save where the lives of
the emperor, the empress or the heir
to the throne are concerned. The can
ton of Zug, in Switzerland, Imposes
the lowest minimum penalty in the
world three years' imprisonment for
willful homicide, the maximum punish
ment being Imprisonment for life.
London Chronicle. , ?
WASHINGTON, D. C, Feb. 26.-
I transmit herewith a Preliminary
Report from the Inland Waterways
Commission, which was appointed by
me last March in response to a wide
spread interest and demand from the
people. The basis of this demand lay
in the general and admitted inability
of the railroads to handle promptly
the traffic of the country, and especi
ally the crops of the previous Fall.
This report is well worth your at
tention. It is thorough, conservative,
sane, and just. It represents the ma
ture judgment of a body of men ex
ceptionally qualified, by personal ex
perience and knowledge of conditions
throughout the United States, to un
derstand and discuss the great prob
lem of how best to use our waterways
in the interest of all the people. Un
usual care has been taken to secure
accuracy and balance of statement
If the report errs at all it is by over
conservatism. It contains findings or
statements of fact, a number of spec
ific recommendations, and an account
of inquiries still in progress, and it
is based in part on statistics and
other information contained in a vol
uminous appendix. The subject with
which it deals is of critical importance
both to the present and the future of
our country.
Our river systems are better adopt
ed to the needs of the people than
those of any other country. In ex
tent, distribution, navigability, and
ease of use, they stand first Yet the
rivers of no other civilized country
are so poorly developed, so little used,
or play so small a part in the indus
trial life of the nation as those of the
United States. In view of the use
made of rivers elsewhere, the failure
to use our own is astonishing, and no
thoughtful man can believe that it
will last The accompanying report
indicates clearly the reasons for jit
and the way to end it.
The Commission finds that it was
unregulated railroad competition
which prevented or destroyed the de-
elopment of commerce on our inland
waterways. lhe .Mississippi, our
greatest natural highway, is a case in
point. At one time the traffic upon
was without a rival in any country.
The report shows that commerce was
riven from the Mississippi by the
railways, with their convenient ter
minals, gave quicker and more satis
factory service than the waterways.
Later they prevented the restoration
of river traffic by keeping down their
rates along the rivers, recouping them
selves by higher charges elsewhere
They also acquired water fronts and
terminals to an extent which
made water competition impossible.
Throughout the country the railways
have secured such control of canals
and steamboat lines .that today in
land waterway transportation is
largely in their hands. This was nat
ural and doubtless inevitable under
the circumstances, but it should not
be allowed to continue unless under
careful Government regulation.
Comparatively Tittle inland freight
js carried by boat which is not carried
a part of its journey by rail also. As
the repdrt shows, the successful de
velopment and use of our intersate
waterways will require - intelligent
regulation of the relation between rail
and water traffic. When this is done
the railways and waterways will as
sist instead of injuring each other.
Both will benefit, but the chief bene
fit will accrue to the people in general
through quicker and cheaper trans
portation. The report rests throughout on the
fundamental conception that every
waterway should be made ta serve
the people as largely and in as many
different ways as possible. It is poor
business to develope a river for 'navi
gation in such a way as to prevent its
use for power, when by a little fore
sight it could be made to serve both
purposes. We can not afford need
lessly t.o sacrifice power to irrigation,
or irrigation to domestic water, sup
ply, when by taking thought we may
have all three. Every stream should
be used to the utmost. No stream
can be so used unless such use is plan
ned for in advance. When such plan
are made we shall find that, instead
of interfering, one use can often be
made to assist another. Kach river
system, from its headwaters in the
forest to its mouth on the const, is u
single unit and should be treated as
such. Navigation of the lower
reaches of a stream can not be fully
developed without the control of
floods and low waters by storage and
drainage. Navigable channels arc
directly concerned with the protec
lion of source waters, and with .soil
erosion which takes the materials (or
bars and shoals from the richest por
tions of our farms. The uses of
stream for domestic aud municipal
water supply, for power, and in many
cases for irrigation, must also be
taken into full account.
The development of our inland
waterways will have results far be
yond the immediate gain to com
merce. Deep channels along the At
lantic and Culf coasts and from th
Culf to the Great Lakes will have
high value for the national defense
The use of water-power will mcasur
ably relieve the drain upon our dim
inishing supplies of coal, and trans
portation by water instead of rail only
will tend to conserve our iron. Forest
protection, without which river im
provement cannot be permanent will
at the same time help to postpone
the threatened timber famine, and will
secure us against a total dearth of
timber by providing for the pcrpetua
tion of the remaining woodlands. Ir
rigation will create the means of live
lihood for millions of people, and sup
plies of pure water will powerfully
promote the public health. If the
policy of waterway improvement here
recommended is carried out, it will
affect for good every citizen of the
Republic. The National Government
must play the leading part in securing
the largest possible use of our water
ways; other agencies can assist, and
should assist, but the work is essenti
ally national in its scope.
The various uses of waterways are
now dealt with by Bureaus scattered
through four federal Departments
At present, therefore, it is not pos
sible to deal with a river system as
single problem. But the Commis
sion here recommends a policy under
which all the commercial and indus
trial uses of the waterways may be
developed at the same time. To that
end. Congress should provide some
administrative machinery for co-or
dinating the work of the various De
partments so far as it relates to water
ways. Otherwise there will not only
be delay, but the people as a whole
will fail to get from our streams the
benefits to which they are justly en
titled.
The Commission recognizes that
the cost of improving our inland
waterways will be large, but far less
than would be required to relieve the
congestion of traffic by railway exten
sion. The benefits of such improve
ment will be large also, and they will
touch the daily life of our people at
every point, uniting the interests of
all the States and sections of our
country.. The cost and the benefits
should be equitably distributed, by
cooperation with the States and the
communities, corporations, and indi
viduals beneficially affected. I heart
ily concur in the Commission's recom
mendation to this end. Such cooper
ations should result in united effort in
carrying out the great duty of im
proving our inland waterways.
While we delay1 our rivers remain
unused, our traffic is periodically con
gested, and the material wealth and
natural resources of the country re
lated to waterways are being steadily
absorbed by great monopolies.
Among these monoplies, as the re
port of' the Commission points out,
there is no other which threatens, or
has. ever threatened, such intolerable
interference with the daily life of the
people as the consolidation of com
panies controlling water power, I
call your special attention at the pres
ent session, to escape from the pos
sibility of Government regulation in
the interests of the people. These
bills are intended to enable the cor
porations to take possession in per
petuity of national forest lands for the
purpose of their business, where and
as they please, wholly without com
pensation to the public. Yet the
effect of granting such privileges,
taken together with rights already
acquired under State laws, would be
to give away properties of enormous
value. Through lack of foresight we
have formed the habit of granting
without compensation extremely val
uable rights amounting to monopolies
on navigable streams and on the pub
lic domain. The repurchase at great
expense of water rights thus care
lessly given away without return has
already begun in the East, and before
long will be necessary in the West
also. No rights involving, water
power should be granted to any cor
poration in perpetuity, but only for a
length of time sufficient to allow
them to conduct their busincap'.profit-
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ably. A reasonable charge should of
course be made for valuable rights
and privileges which they obtain from
the National Government. The value
for which this charge is made will
ultimately, through the natural
growth and orderly development of
our population and industries; reach
enormous amounts. A fair share of
the increase should be safeguarded
for the benefit of the people, from
whose tabor it spring. The proceeds
thus secured after the cost of admin
stration and improvement has been
met, should naturally be devoted to
the development of our inland water
ways.
The report justly calls attention to
the fact that hitherto our national
policy has been one of almost unre
tricted disposition and waste of
natural resources, and emphasizes
the fundamental necessity for con
serving these resources upon which
our present and future success as a
nation primarily rests. Running water
is a most valuable natural asset oT
the people, and there is urgent need
for conserving it for navigation, for
power, for irrigation, and for domes
tic and municipal supply.'
The Commission was appointed to
obtain information concerning our
waterways as related to the general
welfare. Much work was done, but
more remains to be done before
plan for their development can be
prepared in detail. We need addi
tional information on the flow of our
streams, the condition of channels,
the amount and cost of water traffic,
the requirements for terminals, the
area in each watershed which should
be kept under forest, and the means
of preventing soil-waste and the con
sequent damage to our rivers. But
it is neither necessary nor desirable
to postpone the beginning of the
work until are the facts are obtained.
We have suffered heavily in the past
from the lack of adequate transporta
tion facilities; and unless a beginning
is made promptly we shall suffer still
more heavily in the future.
Being without funds or an expert
staff; the Commission has confined
itself to principles affecting the whole
problem and the entire country. Its
report is a plea, in the light of actual
facts, for simplicity and directness In
dealing with the great problem ' of
our inland waterways in the interest
of the people, It submits no specific
plans or recommendations concerning
even the most important . projects.
The first of these of course-concerns
the Mississippi and its tributaries,
whose commercial development will
irectly affect half our people. The
Mississippi should be made a loop of
the sea and work upon it should be
begun at the earliest possible moment,
Only less important is the Atlantic
inner passage, parts of which are al
ready under way. The inner pas
sages along the Gulf coast should be
extended and connected with the At
lantic waters. The need for the de
veloping of the Pacific coast rivers
is not less pressing. Our people are
united in support of the immediate
adoption of a progressive policy of
inland waterway development. . i
Hitherto our national policy of in
land waterway development hat been
largely negative. No single agency
has been responsible tinder the Con
gress for making the best use of our
rivers, or for exercising (oriight in
their development. In the absence of
a comprehensive plan, the only safe
policy was one of repression and pro
crastination. Frequent changes - of
plan and piecemeal execution of pro
jects have still further hampered im
provement. A channel it no deeper
than jts shallowest reach, and to im
prove a river short of the point of
effective navigability is a sheer waste
of all it costs. In spite of large ap
propriation for their improvement
our rivers are less serviceable for in
terstate commerce today than they
were half a century ago, and in spite
of the! vast increase in our population
and commerce they are on the whole
lest used.
The first condition of successful
development of our waterways is a
definite and. progressive policy. The
second is a concrete general plan,
prepared by the best experts avail
able, covering every use to which our
streams can be put. We shall not
succeed until the responsibility for
administering the policy and execut
ing and extending the plan is definite
ly laid on one man or group of men
who can be held accountable. Every
portion of the general plan should
consider and so far at practicable
secure to the people the use of water
for power, irrigation, and domestic
supply as well as for navigation. No
project should be begun until the
funds necessary to complete it
promptly are provided, and no plan
once under way should be changed
except for grave reasons. Work
once begun should be prosecuted
steadily and vigorously to comple
tion.' We must make sure that pro
jects arc not undertaken except for
sound business reasons, and that the
best modern business methods are
applied in executing them, The de
cision to undertake any project should
rest on actual need ascertained by in
vestigation and judgment of experts
and on its relation to great river sys
tems or to the general plan, and
never on mere clamor.
1 he improvement of our inland wa
terways can and should be made to
pay for itself so far as practicable
from the incidental procce'ds from
water-power and other uses. Naviga
tion snouiu of course be free. But
the greatest return will come from
the increased commerce, growth, and
prosperity of our people. For this
we have already waited too long.
Adequate funds should be provided,
by bond issue if necessary, and the"
work should be delaved no lonr.
The development ' of. our waterways
and the conservation of our forests
arc the two most pressing physical
needs of the country. They are inter
dependent, and they should be met
vigorously, together, and at .once. The
questions of organization, powers,
and, appropriations are now before
the Congress. There is urtrent need
for prompt1 and decisive action. '
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
February 26, 1908.