TUESDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1905.
THE MORNING ASTOKIAN; ASTORIA, OREGON.
3
ACQUIRED BY THRIFT
How Mankind First Obtained Con
trot of Property.
mm a-BaBaSS
C0AM0N PROPERTY AT FIRST
In th Beginning All Things Wert la
Common and Movabl Property of
Every Kind Became Sooner Appropri
ated Than the Permanent Soil.
la th beginning of tho world, wo are
Informed oy holy writ, the all bouutl
ful (Twator gsv to won "domluloe
over nil the earth and over the fishe ol
the sea, and over the fowl of tl all
ml oyer every living thing Uiat moved
tiKiu th esrth." This la the ouly true
. ud aolld foundalloo of Uiau'i domin
ion over eiteroal thing, whatever airy,
iiiethyelcal notloua may tiave been
started by fanciful writer n till aub
Ject. Th earth, therefore, and all
thing therein are the general property
of mankind, eiclualva of other being,
from the Immediate gift of the Creator.
And while the earth eoutluued bare of
luhabltauta It la rcaaouable to auppoae
thut all waa In common among them
aud that every one took from the pub
lic stock to til own uo such thing at
Mi Immediate iieccsitli required.
These geuerul notloii of proirty
were Uien aufllclent to answer all pur
le of human llf ami might erhni
illll have atwwered them had It been
iWlile for uianklud to have remained
In n state of primeval simplicity, In
which "all thing were common to
blm." Not that thla communion of
goods seems ever to have Ih-cu applica
ble even In the earliest atnge to aught
but the aubtauce of tl thing, nor
i-ould It be tended to the use of It,
for by the law of nature and reason he
who first begun to use It acquired
therein a klud of transient property
that Inated ao long aa he waa ualng It
and no longer, or, to eak with great
rr precision, the right of possession
continued for the aame time, only that
the art of .tosaesalon Uated.
Tbu the ground waa In common, and
no part of It waa the property of any
man In particular, yet whoever waa In
the occupation of any determined apot
if It for rent, for ahade or the Ilka ac
quired for the time a eort of ownemhlp,
from which It would have been unjust
and contrary to the law of nature to
have driven him by force, but th In
stant he quitted the use or occupation
of It another might aelae It without In
justice, Thua, alo, a vine or a tree
might be aald to be In common, aa all
men were equally entitled to Ita pro
duce, and yet any private Individual
might gnln the aole property of the
fruit which be bad gathered for hla
owu repaat-a doctrine Well Illustrated
by C4cero, who compnre tho world to
a great theater which la common to the
public, aud yet the place which any
man has taken la for the time hla own.
Hut when mankind Increased In num
Iter, craft and ambition It became nec
essary to entertain couceptlona of
more permanent dominion aud to ap
propriate to Individuals not the Imme
diate uae only, but the very aubatance
of the thing to be used. Otherwise In
1 numerable tumults must have arisen
a ml the good order of tho world been
-cuntinunlly brokeu and disturbed, while
a variety of iersoiia were striving who
should get the first occupation of the
aame tiling or disputing which of them
had actually gained It Aa human Ufa
grew more and more refined many con
veniences were devised to render It
more easy, commodloua and agreeable,
as habitations for shelter and aafety
and raiment for warmth and decency.
Hut no man would be at the trouble
to provide either ao long aa b had only
an usufructuary property In them,
which waa to cease the Instant that be
quitted possession; If aa soon aa be
walked out of hla tent or pulled off his
garment the next stranger who came
by would bare a right to Inhabit th
one and to wear the other.
Id the caso of habltattona In particu
lar It waa natural to olmerv that even
the brute creation, to whom everything
le waa In common, maintained a kind
of permanent property In their dwell
ings, especially for th protection of
their young; that tb bird of the air
had nesta and the beast of the fields
had caverns, tb Invasion of which
they esteemed a very flagrant Injus
tice and In the preservation of which
they would aacrlflc their Uvea; hence
a property was soon established la ev
cry man'a houaa and homestead, which
eems to hav bean originally tempo
rary but or movahJe cabins suited to
tb design of rrovtdenc for mora
speedily peopling the earth and to th
wandering life of their owners before
any erteoelv property In tb soil or
ground waa established. ..
There can be no doubt but that mova
ble of vry klndbecaaa sooner ap
propriated than aa permanent, sub
stantial soil, partly because they were
mors susceptible of a long occupancy,
which night be eontlnned for monthaj
together, without any asnalbl Inter
mit I on, and at length by usage ripen
Into an established right, but princi
pally because few of them could be fit
for use till Improved and meliorated by
the bodily labor of the occupant which
iwwiiiv iJL. .. .u
Jct that lay In common to all men hi I
unlversRlly avowed to give the fairest
nd nloaf reasons Die tin to an exclu
sive property thereto.
The article of food wV a mora Im
mediate call and therefore a mora ear
ly consideration. Such aa were not
contented with the spontaneous prod
uct of the earth Bought for a more
aolld refreshment In the flesh of beasts,
which they olHatned by bunting. Hut
tho frequent disappointment Incident
to that method of provision Induced
them to gather together auch animals
aa were of a mora tame and sequacious
nature and to eatabllab a more perma
nent property In their flocka and herd
In order to sustain themselves In a less
precarloua mannor partly by the milk
af the da ma and partly by the flesh of
the young.
The support of tHeae their cattle
made the article of water also a very
Important point And therefore the
book of Uvneals, the most venerable
monument of antiquity, will furnish u
with frequent Instance of violent con
leiitloua concerning wells, the exclusive
pruerty of which appear to have been
established In the first digger or occn
pnut even In place where the ground
mid herbuge remained yet In common.
Thus we And Abraham, who waa but a
sojourner, asserting bis right to a well
In the couutry of Ablmelech and exact
ing an oath for aecurlty "because be
hud digged that well." And Isaac
lxut ninety year afterward reclaimed
this bis father's property and after
much contention with the Philistine
waa suffered to enjoy It In peace.
All thla while the soil and pasture of
the earth remained still In common as
before and open to every occupant ex
cept perhaps In the neighborhood of
towns, where the necessity of a aole
and exclusive property in landa (for the
sake of agriculture) waa earlier felt
and therefore more readily compiled
with. Otherwise when the multitude of
men and cattle had consumed every
convenience on one spot of ground It
was deemed a natural rlkht to seize
iim and occupy auch other land a
would more easily supply their neces
sities. We have a striking example of this
In the history of Abraham and hla
nephew Irt. When their Joint sub
stance became ao great that pasture
nnd other conveniences grew scarce tho
natural consequence waa that a strife
arose between their servants, so thnt
It waa no longer practicable to dwell
together. Tltla contention Abraham
thua endeavored to compose: "I-et there
be no atrlfe, I pray thee, between me
and thee. I not the whole land before
thee? Hepnrate thyself, I pray thee,
from me. If thou wilt take the left
hand, then I will go to the right, or If
thou depart to the right band, then I
will go to the left" Thla plainly Im
plies an acknowledged right In either
to occupy whatever ground be pleaaed
that waa not preoccupied by other
tribe. "And IM lifted up bla eyea
and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that
It waa well watered everywhere, ever
aa the garden of the Lord. Then Lot
chose him all the plain of Jordan and
Journeyed east, and Abraham dwelt in
the land of Canaan."
Aa the world grew by degree mora
populoua It dally became more difficult
to find out new spots to Inhabit with
out encroaching apon former occu
pants, and by conatantly occupying
the aame Individual apot the fruit of
the earth were consumed and it spon
taneous product destroyed without
any provision for future supply or
succession. It therefore became neces
sary to pursue soma regular method
of providing a constant subelatence,
and this necessity produced or at least
promoted aud encouraged the art of
agriculture And the art of agricul
ture, by a regular connection and
consequence, Introduced and establish
ed the Idea of a mora permanent prop-
"ty In the soil than bad hitherto been
received and adopted.
It waa clear that the earth would not
produce her fruit In aufflclent quanti
ties without the assistance of tillage,
but who would be at the pnlna of tilling
It If another might watch an opportuni
ty to aclM upon and enjoy the product
of hla Industry, art and labor? Had
not therefore a separate property In
landa aa well aa movables leen vested
In some Individuals the world must
hare continued a forest and men have
been mere animal of prey, whereas
now (so graciously hna Providence In
terwoven our duty and our happiness
together) tho result of thla very neces
sity has been the ennobling of the hu
man specie by giving It opportunities
of Improving Its rational aa well aa of
exerting Ita natural faculties.
Necessity begat property, and In or
der to Insure that property recourse
waa bad to civil aoclety, which brought
along with It a long train of Insepara
ble concomitants atate, government,
laws, punishment and the public exer
cise of religious duties. Thus connect
ed together, Jt waa found that a part
only of society was sufficient to pro
rid by their manual labor for th nec
essary subsistence of all, and leisure
waa given to others to cultivate the
human mlad, to Invent nseful arta and
to lay the foundations of science.
From Blacksten.
CnmmiT I T;a. ,
, That TJncls .Sam'i notes stand a
great deal of rough and careless han
dling Is a fact that Impresses Itself
Upon any ons who haa ever chanced to
not th manner In which tb average
cashier pulls and Jerks th bills bofor
b pushes then through th window to
ths waiting patron. . ,
' A aliigla ' treasury ."not measures
three and onsighth Indies In width by
seven and a quarter Inches In length.
It will sustain without breaking length
wis a weight of forty -one pound.
crosswise a weight of , ninety -on
pouuds. The notes run four to a sheet,
7 !vTl! T I T, v
es. wide by thirteen and a half J&cbes
long. Ofes f th'ee sheets lengthwise
will suien4 108 pounds and crosswise
177 pounds.
It will be observed that a single not
Is capable of sustaining crosswise a
weight of ninety-one pounds, which Is
twice the amount by nine pounds of
the weight the not can austain length
wise, while In the case of the sheet the
crosswise sheet lacks thirty nine pounds
of double the sustaining power of the
lengthwise abeet Philadelphia Rec
ord. Ankls-altr.
Layman (to curate) Were yon
preaching at your church laat night?
CurateNo; why? Layman Oh, I
didn't know whether you would bs
preaching or not, so I wouldn't risk
going. Punch.
A MAINE POCAHONTAS.
jL.
Ik Save Csstala Jobs Smith's Vtlt
mt Oarlr la 1614.
The blstofy of Captain John Smith
and his lovs affair with Pocahontas Is
generally known by most everybody
wbo baa made any atudy at all of the
blatory of this country, but very few
know of Smith's other Pocahontas In
Maine.
It was la 1014 that Captain John
Bmltb mads a trip to what la now Oar
diner, and It was there thla other Po
cahontas Incident occurred. The Ca
baaaaa tribe of Indiana were presided
over by a chief having headquarters at
what Is now Gardiner, then known aa
Ca bassaa, and wbo had a daughter
named Schools, famed among her tribe
for her beauty and grace.
She was, unfortunately, amltten at
once with the gallant captain, who waa,
by the way, the first white man to visit
these parts and who was received with
great cordiality.
Bmlth had with him a lieutenant
named Hunt who waa of a quarrel
aome nature and disposition and prone
to mutiny. When the time came for tb
party of whites to depart Hunt'a mntl
nous spirit showed itself, and with a
amall party of followers he left Smith,
going in an op(oslte direction. Hla par
ty took with them aa captives several
of the tribe of th Cahasaa.
Hie chief, considering the white one
party, by a great mistake followed
Captain Smlth'a loyal band, which
camped for the night about four mile
from the present location of Gardiner.
Scboola, wishing to warn the captain,
hurried on before the party of enraged
Indiana, but arrived too late, for aa abe
arrived at the camp the first volley of
arrowa had been delivered.
Thinking to aave Smith, abe flew to
blm and threw her arms abnt his
nuck sin! lu Umt hmii1ou received au
UII'wW lU li V UuJh. Wulcti C'JtdUd lu
BUt du:itb.
The cef wn ir"!y at '!c!;en e.t hs
nc! 'ent nnd ordered hostilities to
cease.
This silo wed Smith sn opportunity to
explain that It waa the other party that
did th kidnaping. After the sorrow
ful return and th burial of Sebools
near what Is now th Randolph church,
the red men went In aearch of Hunt
and he waa overtaken near Norrtdge-
wock and his entire band extermi
nated.
Captain Smith had the martyred So
ftools to thank for his life, for th ar
row that reached her heart waa meant
for blm. Thla la th story as found In
some very old papers near Gardiner.
Boston Oloba
OlrtlU Cast Life.
Mr. Ilosaltfr W. Raymond, at one
tlm commissioner of mining statistics,
tells In "Clarence King Memoirs- of aa
unexpected dinner Invitation which he
once received from Mr. King, who waa
at that time camped near th 8alt Lake
valley.
Knowing of Mr. King aa an explorer,
hunter and athlete, I could acarccly
rvcognU my own expect Ion tn the
polished gentleman wbo In Immaculate
linen, aUk stockings, low shoes aud
clothing without a wrinkle received me
In bla camp at a dinner which was sim
ple enough In Its material constituents,
but served In a style which I had not
found west of the Missouri
When I attempted to make fun of
him for "roughing It" In thia way b
replied seriously: "It Is all very well
for you, who lead a civilised life nine
or ten months In the year and get Into
the field for a few week at a tlm
only, to let yourself dowu to the pio
neer level But I, who hav been'for
year constantly In th field, would
have lost my good hablta altogether If
I had not taken every possible oppor
tunity to practice them. W don't dtn
this way every day, but w do when
ever w can,"
Llttl Margl (wbo baa company)-
We've bera playing school, mamma.
Mamma Indeed I And did you be
hav nicely?. , .
Llttl Margle-Oh, I didn't hav to
behavs. I was teacher. Chicago
News. j
llttl taald who had not yet reach
ed Lev third birthday waa on day re
counting to her mother the many ac
complishment of her adored cousin,
Margery, who ' looked down on life
from th exalted height of eight sum
mers. "Just think, mamma! Margery can
dwess' herself and button ber own
shoes and bwush ber own hair and but
ton llttl Edna's clothes and bold Uny
baby anoTpuf on Ber own wubberaand
coat and hood, 'and and" (casting
about for atlll greater marvels) "maybe
ah can oven apank herself and save
her mamma th twouble!" Llppln
eotfl Magaaln.
Th Astorian, 75 cents a month.
Core Winter Cough.
J. K. Grover, 101 X. Main street, Ot
tawa, Ks writ-sj "Every fall it has
been my wife's trouble to catch a se
vere colli, snil therefore to cough all
winter long. Iji-tt fall 1 got her a bot
tle of llorelioiind Kyrnp. She used it
and has been able to sleep soundly all
night long. Whenever the cough troubles
her, two or three dimes stops tle cough,
ami she is able to be up and well." 2.'ie,
50e, II. IK). Sold by frank Hart, drug-git.
ill
I
Brushed Scales from Face Like Powder-Under
Physicians Six Months
But Grew Worse Some Said
Face Would Be Marked for Life
Now Without a Blemish
CUTICURA REMEDIES
WORK WONDERS.
"A I was a sufferer with eczema
I write to tell you what a great friend
I found in Cuticura Remedies. In
six months I bad
tried three doctors,
but did not get any
better. It was on
my body and on my
feet ao thick that
I could hardly put
a pin on me with
out touching to
f "acma. My face waa
covered, my eyebrows came out, and
then it got in my eye. I then went to
another doctor, lie aked me what
I was taking for it, and I told him
Cuticura. lie said that waa a very
good thing, but that he thought that
my face would lie marked for life. But
Cuticura did its work and my face is
now lust as ch-ur as it ever was.
"My brother-in-law told me about
the wonderful Cuticura remedies.
I took hw advice and got the Ointment,
Soap, and Kceolvent. I washed with
the Cuticura Soap and then applied
the Ointment, and took Cuticura
Resolvent as directed. In a short
time my face began to get better, and
when I bad taken one bottle of
Resolvent I could brush tho scales
off my face like powder. When I
bad taken four bottles my face was as
clear aa ever.
"I told all my friends about my
remarkable cure. I feci so thankful
I want everybody far and wide to
know what Cuticura can do. It is a
sure cure for ectema. (signed) Mrs.
Emma White, 641 Cherrier Place,
Camden, N. April 25, 1905."
taifMiCilHMl aa ImotmI TnMaral aw tntf
Hwnor.fre Bu'ln I Stratal, Inrn tataary I An,
MMMInf f Catnum Soaa, Be, Olamnrt, -. Snui
am. jaa. naia ai vaoawawuiaaa ni,.t
of a), wtuj MRUorm antfWOT ni
fomrr nnm a caaai. uara, mm r
9r Mauaa rna, - aw a, vi
WIH
1
JUST A MOMENT!
58
We Want to Talk to You
ABOUT BOOK BINDING
We do it in AH the Latest and
Best Styles of the Art . . .
J8 05 05 05
We take your OH Magazines that you
have piled away on your shelves and make
Handsome Books of them fit to grace any
library.
We take your old worn out books with
the covers torn off, rebind them and return
to you good as any new books
Let us figure with you on fixing up your
Library
J55 06 o5 05
4 ....
The J. S. Dellinger Go.;
Makers of All Kinds of Books
Astorian Building Corner Commercial and 10th Strest
in POBTLAHD
THE MOKHIHO ASTOBIAlf
Is for sale at th news stands of 0
THE
OREGON NEWS COMPANY,
situated at 0
HOTEL PORTLAND.
147 Sixth Street, 123 Sixth Street
la the fall of 1895 1 -con traded that fear
ful disease, Blood Poison. It gained such
headway that I was forced to resign my
position and seek relief at Hot Spring.
After spending all the means I had I went
to Memphis. In less than three week I
was in s hospital, and after nine weeks of
suffering I was discharged as cured. In
less than s month every none in my body
teemed to be affected and felt aa if they
would break at the least exertion. Again
I waa compelled to resign, and I returned
to the hospital for a seven weeka stay.
When I came out I waa advised to try
farming. When I first went on the farm I
prevailed on the only firm who bandied
drugs to get me one dozen bottles of S. S.
S. At that time both of my hands were
broken out with blisters and I waacorered
with boils and sores. In the meantime my
druggist had gotten two dozen bottles of
S. S. S. for me and I began its use, and
after talcing the thirteenth bottle not a
sore or boil was visible. R. B. PowsU,
East 9th St., Little Rock, Ark.
Of all human diseases, Contagious Blood
Poison ia the most hideous snd hateful.
The victim is tortured with eating ulcers,
sores snd abscesses, unsightly blotches,
eruptions snd other symptoms of the mis
treble disease. S. S. S. has been used
successfully for nearly fifty years foi
contagious jmooo
Poison. It con
tains no mercury,
potash or other
mineral. Oar home
treatment book
gives all the symp
toms of this dis
ease. Medical ad
vice free.
The Swift Speclflo Coapaay, Atlanta, fia
This 10 'ike
hind of a
toi for
riATlOIIAL
MAGAZINE
10 paying
$0,000
too toncvLt
f Naajjluala Ml wW ' PfVaai
I a aria aW Oaakaf ualn aa aa?
MM M Barrtaat af tear araaaaia.
Toaaf amoa ate aM I OH anra af Mi tawft
I Tat all Mm at bar Wat m tkfc
. ana m s paw m a waadMf MUM
J" Tf ritla ant at im auk
krautlbif aalla.
..lf"L"T MarrM. Aaat T
me, r kaaui. uvain,.
! hat It an tela, W'hMt," aMttttM Qaa.
"" -" rn 1 waa aat m
fliana aa i alia waa."
Do yow,
know of
abetter one
We want tittle tt
rant little stories,
any cliDDina- li
anecdotes, bits of
Terse
torn a nempaper,
Bugaxio
no or book tbat ha made you
ThinK, Laugh or Cry
840 prizes will be glren for the best affec
tions. Ten biles of silver dollars as high
as tne first ten successful competitors ar
tie first awards.
The only condition for enterinff this mm.
petition is that you send with yourclippinf
(oc. tor a six months' trial subscnutioa
to ti NatiostaU Magazine. Address,
JOE CIIAPPLE, Editor
H DOBCHtSTER AVTSVZ.
aUwtosi, Mas.
THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL,
eat to the east and aouth. Making
lose connections with trains of all
transcontinental lines, passerurers ar
given their chotc of routes to Chlcaro,
Louisville, Memphla and New Orleans,
and through these points to the far
east
Prospective travelers desiring Infor
mation as to '.he lowest rate and best
route ar Invited to correspond with
the following representatives:
P. IL TRUMBULL, Commercial Agent,
141 Third St. Portland. Ore,