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About The morning Astorian. (Astoria, Or.) 1899-1930 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 7, 1904)
PAGE FOUR. ASTORIA, OREGON, SUNDAY, AUGUST 7, 1004. tbe morning flstorian ESTABLISHED 1873 PUBLISHED BY ASTORIAN PUBLISHING COMPANY. J. II. CARTER, GENERAL MANAGER. RATES. By mail, per year ..... By mail, per month , . . By carriers, per month . $6 00 50 CO THE SOU-WEEKLY ASTOUIAN. By mail, per year, in advance $1 00 vice president of the United States by national con ventions came into vogue. It is noteworthy, too. that, as a rule, the' pluralities .in each presidential year in this state have been comparatively small either way.. In 1840, General William II. Harrison, the 'Whig nominee for president, carried New York state over Martin Van Bnrcn, the democratic nominee, by plurality of 13,000; and four years later Polk, demo crat, carried it over Henry Clay, Whig, 'by 5000 plurality. In 1848 General Taylor, Wing, swept the state Over Lewis Cass, democrat, by 12,000 plurality, although Martin Van Buren, the "free-soil" nom inee for president, received a larger popular vote in New York state than Cass did. In 1852 Franklin Pierce, democrat, carried this state by a plurality of 28,000 over General Scott, Whig; but in 1S56, John C. Fremont, the first republican candidate for pres ident, defeated James Buchanan, democrat, by a plurality of over 80,000 a plurality that would probably have been lessened, if not entirely wiped out, had it not been for the candidacy of Millard Filmore, Whig. Lincoln carrjed this state in 1860 by 40,000 plural- WIIAT IS ELECTRICITY! In "Harper's Magazine" for August Sir Oliver Lodge presents in a popular form a view of the na- ity ; but in 1864, in spite of the approaching suc ture of electricity which has recently received much cussful termination of the civil war for the union attention from scientific men. To only a limited ex- side, he carried by only 7000 plurality. In JSCS, tent, perhaps, is he to be regarded the author of the however, Horatio Seymour, democrat, carried it theory here advanced. His belief in it, though, is against Ulysses S. Grant, republican, by 10,000 plur noteworthy, for Sir Oliver is one of the leading au- ality, but four years later it gave Grant a plurality thorities on electricity Besides, he has a particular- 0f 53,000, and that, too, in face of the "liberal re ly happy way of discussing such subjects. Some of publican" bolt. In 1876 it gave Samuel J. Tilden the most profound thinkers-Clerke Maxwell, for a plurality of 32,000 and in 1880 it again reversed instance, have employed language which to the lay- itself by giving James A. Garfield a plurality of man is absolutely incomprehensible. Hence, while 21,000. In 1884 it gave Grover Cleveland a plural clearness of statement is not evidence of sound rea- ity of about 1100 over James G. Blaine, and then, soning, a man deserves public gratitude who talks in 1888, rolled up a plurality of 13,000 for Benja- and writes so intelligibly as Sir Oliver Lodge. min Harrison; and, in 1892, it again gave Cleve- Textbooks on physics usually distinguish carefully land a plurality of 45,000. between matter and force. The former can be reeog- The cause of the enormous pluralities that this nized by man only while under the influence of state gave to McKinley in 1896 and in 1900 is, of some form of the latter. Again, force reveals itself course, clearly understood. It is significant, how- only through the medium of matter. Still, the two ever, that Governor Odell, who was elected by 111, re to be kept separate in the mind. Whether elec- 000 plurality in 1900, was re-elected by a plurality tricity is force or matter is a question which has re- of less than 9000 in 1902, ceived a good deal of consideration. Most physicists Undoubtedly one reason for the political fickle- frankly confess that they cannot telL Electricity, Iness of the Empire state is the shifting character of they say, can be known only by its properties. They the population of this city. Every year a large prefer to describe it as a "physical agent," which new element, both foreign and American, is added is manifested in centain ways. At one time there to our "voting population. In addition, there is also was a disposition to consider electricity as one form a considerable element in this city which, while of force, but the opinion is not so widely held today, agreeing with one of the leading political parties on Silvanus P. Thompson (of the London Technical matters like the tariff, disagrees with it on other college) whose works on this subject have been widely questions, and, accordingly, it votes as circumstances vsed in colleges and high schools, declares that elec- seem to demand. tricity is "neither matter nor energy," though re-J In a word, there is a great army of independent Bembling both in being destructible. In some ways,! voters in this commonwealth, and both republican hdBhows, it acts like an attenuated gas; in others it and democratic campaign managers do well to keep behaves like an incompressible liquid. He mentions the fact in mind. lespectf ully the notion that it is identical with the ether which is supposed to extend everywhere OUR WONDERFUL POLITICAL MACHINERY, throueh space, but he is careful not to commit him- , .irtiiti,. a;- ni; TvW in When our republic began its career under the BCIJL IU aiij Ui ulcere; jjjrviuvovo. w". v" ,uvu0v "Marnpr's Magazine" eroes further, constitution there were fears that its size would He, too, denies that electricity is energy, but he is make the vast machine of government unworkable ven more strongly impressed tnan is biivanus r. There were special apprehensions concerning the Thompson with its similarity to matter, ne will not choiceof a president-that elective monarch whose say, in so many words, that they are identical, but gittering position might eXpected to engender he has no hesitation in affirming "that matter is com- nx&ries resembling the dynastic struggles of Euro- posed of electricity. pean kingdoms, says the Saturday Evening Post. Sir Oliver's faith is based on a conception of the The framer8 o the constitution tried to diminish atom, oi wnicn rroiessor d. j. inomson oi cam- the dangers of a presidential election by removing bridge university; is tne cniei exponent. According the choice as far as possible from the people and to this expert, atoms are made up of two kinds of putting it into the hancU of a KlfXt hody of electors particles. Some are large and carry charges of pos- who might be expected t0 act with wisdom and itive electricity, and some are small-exceedingly sobriety, but they were dubious of the outcome. And small, indeed-and are negatively electrified. Pro- at first their doubts geemed to be justified The uni. fessor Thomson calls the latter "corpuscles," says versal popuiarity of Washington carried the country that they are far more numerous than the other kind, safely through the first two presidentiai eiectiom, and adds that they are so diminutive that a thou- but after his retirement the rivalries of parties and sand of them are required to equal in bulk a posi- factions threatened civil war, if not anarchy, tive particle. When he thinks of the structure of an The coxmtry is 16 timeg ag populous now as it was individual atom, the Cambridge physicist employs when jefferson was elected. The mere increase from only a solitary positive element which is made to in- one presidential election to another is greater now close, like a shell, the negative particles. Electric at- than the total population was then. We shall have traction binds the system together. As aU atoms in what would theu have been the unheardof and abso the universe are supposed by him to be built on that luteIy terrifying spectacle of 16,000,000 voters ex plan, of course he make electricity coexistent with pressing their choice at the polk Iq Jefferson8 matter. He also shows that electricity seems to pos- time the presidential electors were chosen by the sess some of the properties of matter. It can be re- ate legislatures. Yet our political machinery has moved by filtration through cotton wool. been 80 perfected that it performs the gigantic task Other physicists concede that large positive parti- of more moothiy than it performed the petty cles and small negative ones can be detected separ- work of a centary ag0 gmaU men can govem a ately, and that it is safe to guess at their size from country now more easily tban t men coul(J the quantity of electricity they carry. On the other govern a m&n country tbeni hand, very few experts are willing to evince belief The quadriennial miracle of nominating, electing m the hypothetical combination which Professor and inauguratiDg a pregident is carried out with so Thomson makes. Judgment on the correctness of the iittIe trouble or friction that we hardy realize what "electrical theory of the atom" is at present sus- an extraordinary thing it is. Nothing like it has ever pended. Consequently any argument which has that laowl in my other age or country. The in for a foundation is just now unconvincing. Never- gtitution of. elective monarchy, which is what our theless, Sir Oliver s article is valuable for the indi- presidential system really is, has never been worked cation which it affords of the trend of modern anywhere on such a scale, and never on any scale thought regarding both electricity and matter. at all with an long-continued success. French and Swiss presidents are figureheads, and Latin-Amer-A PIVOTAL STATE. can presidents are military chiefs. But we have Political managers do wisely in putting New acquired the knack of electing a constitutional mon York state in the doubtful column, says the New York arch for a four-years' term with such facility that Commercial. It is the only safe course to pursue, there seems to be no limit to the capacity of our No state in the union has been so erratic, politically, machinery. Apparently it will work just as well as the Empire commonwealth-at least, since the for a population of 500,000,000 as for one of 80, system of nominating candidates for president and 000,000. 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Office Constructing Quartermaster, Astoria, Ore., July 28, 1904: Sealed proposals, In triplicate, will be received at this office until 10 o'clock a. m., August 27, 1904, and then opened for tbe construction and plumbing of an addition to a frame guardhouse at Fort Stevens, Ore, United States re serves the right to reject any or all proposals. Plans can be seen and specifications obtained at this office. Envelopes should be marked "Pro posals for construction," and address ed, Captain Ooodale, Quartermaster, Astoria, Oregon. Scow Bay Iron O Brass Works Rtofactaferscf Iron, Steel, Brass and Bronzo Castings. General Foundrymen and Patternmakers. Absolutely firstclass work. Prices lowest Phcne 2451. Corner Eighteenth end Franklin CtmxmiXlUiiiiiiitrTrrTmtTTTiiiiiiiiittniTnTT FRESH AND CURED MEATS Wholesale and Retail Ships, Logging Camps and Mills supplied on short notice. LIVE STOCK BOUGHT AND SOLD WASHINGTON MARKET . CIIRISTENSON CO. 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