HER SILVER SHOWER
TWO FAMOUS)
is
Fundamental
Principles of
HOW GIRL GAVE FRIEND A LE8
nriES r
V
80N IN ECONOMY.
Stopping of the Little Financial Leake
llealllr
Accomplished What Seemed to the
c
Careless one to uoraer on
the Marvelous.
"It Is the finest Idea I ever heard
oy.iot,
k sif" . n-!'
m Pi' J i . '
ancient Citadel
BT THE broad Vistula river, on
ancient Poland's soil, lie two
famous age-torn cities, around
which have centered the rise
and fall of one of the mightiest
nations in history. Before their gates
and within their walls have been
fought the battles of armies unnum
bered and for a thousand years they
nav known the sorrow of death and
destruction and outlines the glories
f victory. In the valley of the stream
whose banks they adorn a new con
flict Is raging today. On the outcome
bf this struggle may rest their fate
In the years that are yet unborn, says
the Philadelphia Record.
Cracow and Warsaw, the cities are
one the capital of Poland's kings
when the nation was In Its prime;
the second the home of that glorious
hero, Kosciusko, who led the people
la their bloody war for Independence
after Invaders bad selxed their
land. Through the centuries of
their country's prosperity and the
dark years of grief the beautiful
old towns have nurtured and cherished
the Ideals of the Polish people, and
today they bouse the only remaining
relics of that once proud nation which
lone since ceased to exist.
One of Them Must Suffer.
Shortly after the beginning of the
present European war the ciar of Rus
la Issued a proclamation, promising
elf-government and religious and ra
cial freedom to the Poles within bis
domain In return for their support
tn battle. A similar pledge was made
fey Germany to that part of the an
cient kingdom now ruled by her. Aus
tria called on all her Poles for loyal
ty, pointing to the freedom and kind
ness accorded thorn in the past. Thus
It was that Poles were arrayed against
Poles, the followers of Russia striving
to capture Cracow and the Austro-
German armies aiming at Warsaw,
No matter who Is vlotorlous it is cer
tain that one of these cities will
tuffer. Should the Russians In the
end bold Cracow, Us people will be
tnade to pay dearly for their dedanco
of the czar. If the Austro-dermans
triumph, and Warsaw Is finally theirs,
he will give no less a price for her
opposition to the kaiser.
While Warsaw has been the center
of agitation for the restoration of
Poland tn late years, Cracow was a
thriving olty before Warsaw came into
being. It Is In the older city that
the most sacred memories of the dead
kingdom are found, tor castles, church-
es and fortresses erected by some of
the ancient monarchs are still In a
good state of preservation. Under
the rule of Austria the Inhabitants
have been permitted to clet-t their
own municipal government, and Po
lish patriotism bas run blgh, the peo
ple taking the greatest posslblo care
f remaining monuments of their
former greatness. At present Cra
eew Is the center of the grand duchy
of the same name, within the prov
ince of Gallcla, and Is among the
most notable cities of Austria Hun
gary.
Prehistoric Dwelling Place,
la prehlstorlo times the caves In a
range of bills north of the spot where
Cracow now lies were the oldest dwell
ings for the men of the limestone
period. Within the precincts cf the
K OUMPSE.
town several bill trie among- than
. i Tin i inTrn
s private.
rav' WW .' "tK-.-.-i.v MI.-
S? OX
V
or cracov
the ancient castle hill, called WaweL
Into these the waters have eaten deep
eaves, now valued as the oldest re
positories of remains of human civili
zation In the stone age. A legend
dealing with the mythical founder of
the city tells how the brave Krakus
delivered the people from a haunting
terror by slaying a dragon that dwelt
In a cave of. Wawel hill still to be
seen there and exacted a tribute of
human victims for Its food.
As early as the ninth century Chris
tianity was accepted In Cracow, the
seat of a bishopric being established
there. About the middle of the tenth
century the city was a flourishing
commercial town, under the rule of
Bohemia, but in the year 999 Boles-
laus the brave, one of the earliest
Polish warrlorB, won a victory over
the Bohemian troops and drove their
garrison from the town. Thus had
Cracow received her first taste of
warfare.
St Adalbert, before he went to win
the palm of martyrdom at the hands of
the heathen Prussians, Is said to have
preached In the market place, now
Central Square, where a small church,
erected to his memory, Is still stand
ing. From the time of Boleslaus the
Polish monarchs chose Cracow as
their place of residence, and the town
gained In prosperity and Influence.
Famous Old Buildings.
Among the most famous of the an
cient buildings remaining in Cracow
are St. Andrew's church, the Wawel
castle, St. Florian's gate and Bar
bican, Wawel cathedral, the Cracow
university and the tomb of Kosciusko.
The university Is one of the oldesl in
Europe, having been built In the four
teenth century. The cathedral start
ed building almost a hundred years
before, additions and Improvements be
ing added during many ages following,
The town walla and fortified gates
played no little parts In the battles of
Cracow and, as a result, most of them
were destroyed. St. Florian's gate,
however, Is still fairly well preserved,
and its barbican, which served as an
outer fortress, is In excellent condi
tion.
It was tn 1791 that the mighty
Kosciusko started the fight for Polish
independence, making bis headquar
ters tn Warsaw. After a bloody battle
lasting three days, the Russians were
driven out of the city, and a short
time later Wllna. the capital of Lith
uania, was also liberated, but after a
year of terrible warfare Poland's hero
or WARSAW
was defeated and the Russians recap
tured Warsaw. Within the past cen
tury the ctty bas been the storm
center of two serious revolts, In which
the spirit of Koscluszko flamed forth
anew tn the hearts of the latter War
sovlans. In late years, even undor
the more liberal government, many of
the wealthy Polos have retired from
Warsaw, giving up tholr business and
friends, to live lives of seclusion on
little farms a few miles from the
city. Here they may live their lives
tn peace and quietude, teaching their
children the Ideals of old Poland and
the bate for the czar. Many f the
former Polish nobles, the richest fam
ilies and the best educated, may be
found In these farmhouses, raising
such supplies as are necessary to
their dally lire and striving to better
the hopes of toelr raoa.
4 1
By ALBERT S. GRAY, M. D.
(Copyright. 1914, by A S. Gray)
PERSONAL RESISTANCE TO DE
CAY.
Whether the reaction of the saliva Is
acid or alkaline has been under dis
cussion for a century, and men still
differ so widely and so many authori
ties may be found on either side that
the subject Is Involved in confusion
Without doubt the truth is that the!
saliva is very feobly alkaline and
readily changes .either to acid or all
kallne with the establishment of va
rious constitutional conditions. No
two Individuals can possibly be exact
ly alike and the constitution of the
mouth secretions must vary according
to time, place and the predominance of
one or more of the forms of the many
species of mlcro-organlBms known to
be found in the mouth; also' It must
vary In accordance with the Individual
state of health and mind, so that a
physiological saliva, with the biochem
ical elements In a state of equilibrium,
Is probably very rare.
If confusion exists concerning so
comparatively simple a matter as the
reaction of the saliva, It is reasonable
to expect difference of opinion In re
gard to so world-wide and vague a dis
ease as carles, or tooth decay, and Its
numerous allied conditions. Because
they are so very closely Identified the
same general confusion exists with
reference to the subject of decay of
the teeth as pertains to the reaction of
the saliva. Hence, one authority finds
carles due to acidity and another to
akallnity; another .declares It to be
caused by the absence of a certain
element, and still another finds It Is
caused by the presence of that same
element
The Idea that some teeth are bard
and resistant to disease and some soft
and easily destroyed was very gener
ally believed by the dental profession
until the Investigations of Dr. O. V,
Black a few years ago cleared the sub
ject He demonstrated that there Is
actually no material difference In the
hardness of teeth and that the quality
of hardness or of softness of the
teeth bas no specific connection with
their tendency to decay.
When tho teeth of children are seen
to be decaying badly the general Inter
pretation is that they are soft and
poorly calcified. If, on the other hand,
the children happen to grow up to ma
turity without developing decay of the
teeth the interpretation Is that the
teeth are hard and firm and therefore
resist decay. Then It bas been gen
erally observed that during pregnancy
and lactation the teeth of women suf
fer more from carles than during other
periods, and this has been so universal
an experience that it gave birth to an
old saying: "A tooth for every child.'
It is generally held that the teeth
of the mother are robbed of the cal
cium salts to build up the bones of
the unborn Infant but this Is one of
those half truths that are so confus
ing and misleading.
Carles Is essentially a disease of
childhood, and childhood has epigram
matlcally and most truly been desig
nated as "an extra hazardous occu
patlon." Child bearing Is an extra
hazardous occupation, too; and so,
measured by its mortality, Is modern
business hazardous. We have already
noted that typhoid and other fevers
frequently and quickly destroy teeth,
and so does excessive physical work.
It Is only within the last few years
with the dawning understanding of
the action of catalyzers, the enzymes,
and the ductless glands of our bodies,
and more especially since Funk's dem
onstration of the vitamlnes and their
Influence on the hormones of the duct
less glands the governors of our bod
ies that the matter begins to clear.
We begin to suspect that It Is not
solely the abstraction of the phosphor
us, the calcium, the magnesium, the
carbon, the Iron and the fluorine from
our food that Is the cause of the
universal prevalence of tooth and gen
eral physical decay. We begin to
suspect that the loss of that part of
the eternal energy by which those ele
ments are normally welded Into and
held In the plants, our ultimate source
of life, precipitates these troubles
upon us. We know that animals can
be starved on "physiological combina
tions" of the pure salts of these ele
ments, and we know that they thrive
on the natural constituents of the
same elements.
With the single exception of the
tides, the movements of which are
connected with the moon, and the ro
tation of the earth on Its axis, every
motion on this earth from the beat
ing of every Individual heart to the
turning of every windmill may be
traced back to one ultimate cause
a sunbeam and every form of 'life Is
a component part of a cycle contlnu
ally transforming, by means of the
sunbeams, dynamic Into potential
and potential back Into dynamic en
ergy. So far as we know man Is
the only species with sufficient pre
sumption to break the cycle, and the
price we pny for our arrogance Is loss
of our normal re'lntance to decay
Caps for the Autoist in Winter .
i 1 1
JURS and plushes and other warmth-
conserving raDrics help to make it
possible for the devotee of the touring
car to face ordinary winter Weather
and keep comfortable. Coats with
broad collars of fur that can be fas
tened up close about the neck, caps
that stick to the head and are soft,
shaped to protect the eyes and not to
catch the wind, with jreils that cannot
come off all have been planned for
her. Fur-lined gloves for, the maid
that likes to drive, and the coziest of
overshoes, encourage her to defy the
weather.
Here are two caps that are thor
oughly practical and at the same time
have the compelling virtue of being
good-looking. They are modeled after
the Jaunty Jockey-cap type, but have
full, soft crowns and can be pulled
down over the ears.
In each of them the veil Is held In
place by narrow straps1 made of the
same material as the cap. These
straps are sewed at one end to the
cap and fasten at the other with
snap fasteners. This allows the veil
to be brought down over the face and
wound about the throat, or to be fas
tened up off the face or wholly de
tached.
The cap at the left has a stiff visor
covered with cloth and lined with silk.
Dainty Dress
EVERT woman likes to possess pret
ty and dainty accessories of dress,
no matter bow fragile and short-lived
their glory and freshness may be.
Here are three of the new things that
have considerable durability to their
credit and are Indisputably attractive,
and therefore popular.
At the left Is a corset cover of pale
pink crepe de chine and shadow lace
with shoulder straps and decorative
flowers of satin ribbon. The same mod
el may be bought In any of the light
shades and In white, at so modest a
price that almost anyone may gratify
a taste for "Just pretty things" by
buying It A little can be saved by
making tt at borne, when the price
will be something less than a dollar
for the material.
In making such small garments
there Is a saving usually In making
a,i at mi time. The width of the
silk and lace is sufficient when the'
length required Is purchased to make
two corset covers like that shown
here.
A straight strip of the crepe de
chine Is decorated with three groups
of tiny hand-run tucks and hemmed up
along one edge. The other edge Is
stitched by band, if possible to a
strip of shadow lace of the same
length as the silk. The upper edge of
the lace Is bound with satin ribbon,
and shoalder straps of the same rib
bon are sewed to place.
Three small ribbon daisies or flat
roses with pate yellow centers are
sewed to the front, and baby ribbon
is run through the binding at the top
and the hem at the bottom, In order to
adjust the garment to the figure.
At tbe right Is a neckband of velvet
ribbon bordered with knife-plaited lace
and fastened with book and eya un
Caps of this kind are often made of
the same material as the coat
The cap at the right Is made of
mottled plush with a narrow, flexible
brim that takes the place of a visor.
In It the crown Is not quite so full
as In the cloth cap, because the fabric
Is heavier and looks much like fur,
The floating veil is long or short,
of more or less heavy chiffon In a
washable quality and color. Caps of
this type are Inexpensive and alto
gether dependable.
JULIA BOTTOMLEY.
A Test for Linen.
Everything that's labeled linen Isnt
linen. It may be part cotton and part
linen, and it may be mercerized cotton
with a very small portion of linen In
It
To test the material yon buy for
linen, drop water on the goods. If It
Is all linen the moisture spreads rap
Idly and dries quickly. .On cotton the
fabric will remain moist for some
time.
Glycerin Is considered a better test
than water. It causes linen to appear
transparent
Another test for linen Is by break
ing the yain. If cotton the ends will
curl up, If pure linen the ends remain
smooth.
Accessories
der a ribbon rose set In millinery foli
age. This may be worn with the
ruche upstanding and is a very simple
affair to make at home, as the lace
plaiting comes ready made.
The little bow made of wire covered
with narrow velvet ribbon that
wound over tt, finishes a neckband
of velvet which fastens at the back.
These bows, unattached to the band.
are worn over standing ruches to sup
port the lace or mallae of which they
are made.
JULIA BOTTOMLEY.
Lace Noveltlesr
Wlde flouncing, with a very narrow
design along the edge, Is one of the
peculiarities of this year's laces. This
Is new and can be used in the gowns
where the skirt Is a series of over
lapping silk and lace flounces. Among
sucn designs Is the lloule de nelge.
The narrow border which outlines the
deep scallop is a vine dotted by little
round balls of the thread. Another
novelty, fur lace, has so thick a che
nille design that It looks like fur.
deep flouncing with a double row of
scallops with this extremely narrow
border Is for the foundaUon skirt, that
Is unllned and covered to Just about
the ankles with satin or velvet over
tunic. The ankles show through this
lace flouncing.
Mats for the Tsble.
Very useful, Inexpensive table mats
may be made from thick brown cor
rugated packing paper. Cut out size
and shape required, and use two
thicknesses, placing the smooth sur
faces bank to back. Sew them firmly
together at the edges, and cover them
with muslin or any other washing
fabric The covers may be removed
and washed when they become soUrd.
of," said Luclnda Grey, as she looked
compassionately at her pale little
friend Just out of the hospital. "I'm
tired to death of restaurant fare, and
I haven't forgotten your cooking, Alice
Benton! But are you sure you are
strong enough to do It?"
For two of us In this placet" The
pale girl laughed derisively. "It will
be like play, and the best possible
occupation for me."
'Very well, it ts settled. If you are
certain It's not too much for you.
You'll find my purse In tbe bottom bu
reau drawer In a little tin box; use
what you need for supplies and
things."
"All right, but I am going to bear
my half of the expense, remember."
"And do the work besides? I call
that an unequal arrangement" pro
tested Luclnda. She knew what must
be the condition of ber friend's purse
after ber long Illness.
"My month In the hospital made
quite a hole tn my savings," Alice ad
mitted, "but I need not be a burden
to my friends.'
You mean you have money saved
from your salary?" asked Luclnda, In
astonishment. "Will you kindly tell
me bow you have done It, O wise
young person? I've never been able
to save a cent, and It worries me
more than I can tell. I'm sure I try
bard enough to be economical."
Perhaps we shall And some of the
little leaks later," said her friend, with
smile.
Two weeks had passed when, as
Luclnda was dressing one morning, she
called across to the little kitchen,
"Now, Alice, you've mended this old
corset cover. I told you It was not
worth"
Her voice died away Into astonished
silence. From the folded garment
something fell with a thud to the floor.
It was a silver half-dollar wrapped tn
a piece of paper, on which were writ
ten the two words, "Five Minutes."
Luclnda slipped the silver Into an
empty box tn her bureau drawer, and
put on tbe mended garment thought
fully. As she was leaving for the
bfflce she paused to rail back, "Do
rou mind telling me what 'Five Min
utes' means?"
'That was the time tt took to mend
It," said Alice quietly.
Almost dally after that something
was added to the contents of the box;
liver half-dollars for each pair of
neatly mended stockings that Alice
bad found discarded In a rag bag In
the bathroom, and varying amounts
for tbe undergarments and waists and
neckpieces that she freshened and re-
Stored to usefulness.
"I'd like to know what she will do
with a plnned-out collar," said Lu
clnda, a little vindictively, one day,
as she put three of them Into the rag
bag. when the laundry was returned
Luclnda found the three collars on her
dressing table. A Jaunty bow pinned
on the front of each completely con
cealed the devastation the heavy
brooch had made.
"You are certainly hard to circum
vent, Alice," she said, with a laugh.
You needn't do any more, if you
please. I ve counted the money tn
my box, and I've learned my lesson.
I'll never again see a partly worn gar
ment without seeing also the money It
would cost to replace It, thanks to
your 'silver shower.' "Youth's Com
panion. Activities of Women.
Women cooks In Norway are paid
from $8 to $13 per month, while house
maids get only $5 per month.
A regiment of girl scouts are now
being drilled In military tactics In a
New York armory.
Woman carpet weavers In the Firth,
Eng., carpet mills earn an average of
$5.47 a week.
The former Anna Gould, now a
French countess, has opened a work
shop In Paris to give employment to
needy women who have been made,
destitute on account of tbelr husbands
going to war.
Miss Ruth Clair of Philadelphia is
an authority on football and secretary
to the rules committee.
When the women of Pasadena, Cal.,
go to the polls to vote they push baby
carriages before tbem.
When Arabian women go Into
mourning they stain their bands and
feet with Indigo for eight days, and
during that time they will drink no
milk on the ground that Us white hue
does not harmonize with the mental
gloom.
Look Ahead I
There are some persons who ride
all through the Journey of lire with
their backs to the horses' bead. They
are always looking Into the past They
are forever talking about the good
old times, and how different things
were when they were young. There
Is no romanco tn the world now, and
no heroism. The very winters and
summers are nothing to what they
used to be; In fact life Is altogether
on a small, commonplace scale. Now,
that Is a miserable sort of thing. It
brings a kind of paralyzing chill over
life, and petrifies the natural spring
of Joy that should be forever leaping
up to meet the fresh new mercies that
the day Jtaepa bri&clnf.
! i
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