AVERAGE COST OF RAISING DAIRY HEIFERS
,WHY ONE MAN DIDN'T TANGO
GERDA HOLMES
'He Would Like to Dance, But the Mu-
elc Put Him Out and the Girl
Got In His Way.
Reliable Sources of
Prepared by the United States Depart
4 nient of AcrlrMiltura 1
According to Investigators In the
department of agriculture tbe average
net cost of raising a dairy belfer one
year old on a Wisconsin farm Is $39.52
and of a two year belter $61.41. These
figures are applicable to other dairy
districts In the North and East where
land and feed values are similar to
those In Wisconsin. They are based
on data obtained from raising 117
calves from birth to the time they
enter the dairy herd. The details.
with a complete summary of the In
vestlgation, have recently been pub
lished by tbe department of agricul
ture In Bulletin No. 49, under tbe
title of "Tbe Cost of Raising a Dairy
Cow."
There are in the United States over
21,000,000 dairy cows. These figures
give some Idea of the Importance of
this economic problem to the coun
try as a whole, for these cows must
be replaced every few years. The
cost of the production of these heifers
Is a large Item In keeping down the
profltB of the dairymen.
: Tbe new bulletin contains numerous
tables and several illustrations of the
Jersey calves from which the Items
of cost were obtained.
The most Important Item was the
cost of the food, which was estimated
at market value and amounted to
nearly two-thirds of the total net cost
of the heifer, while labor formed 1214
per cent of tbe cost
! Figures for the average net cost
of the one-year-old belfer are as fol
lows: Feed
Labor
Other costs
,$24.67
, 4.45
6.3C
t
t Total $35.48
I To this should be added the initial
value of the calf, which was estimated
to be $7.04, making a total cost at
tbe end of one year of $42.62. This
charge Is Justified in view of the fact
that dairy cows are credited with this
Item In determining the cost of milk
production. Hy allowing $3 credit tor
manure, it leaves a net cost of $39.52
at the end of the first year.
I Figures for the average net cost of
tbe two-year-old belfer are as follows:
Initial value ,
Feed
Labor
Other costs
t
Credit for manure
..$ 7.04
.. 40.83
.. 7.81
.. 13.73
$09.41
.. 8.00
$01.41
; One-half of the feed cost the first
year and one-third for the full two
years Is for whole and skim milk.
I Hy far the most expensive period
In tbe life of the calf la tbe first four
weeks, the cost being nearly double
that for any other four-week period.
,Thls high cost la occasioned by Its be
ing dependent almost entirely upon
whole milk.
The man labor required In raising a
belfer Is about 40 boura during tbe
Drat year and 23 boura the second
year. Tbe total cost of man and horse
labor for the two years la close to $8.
fThs manure produced during the two
jyears has been valued at $8; conse
quently, the cost of labor la practical
ly offset by the value of the manure.
Tbe Item "Other costs" consists of
expenses usually overlooked In esti
mating costs. These are Interest.
..charge for the use of buildings and
equipment, expense for bedding, mis
cellaneous expenses, a share of tbe
general expenses for the cntlru farm
ouilncss, and a charge to cover lossos
by death and discarding. The total
for these forma nearly one-fifth of
Ithe total cost of the two-year-old
belfer.
The foregoing figures show that It
coits more to raise calves to maturity
than Is commonly supposed, and they
upiort the advice which the depart,
'.mcnt Is continually trying to Impress
lupon dairy fanners, that It does not
'pay to ralno any but the best heifers.
Raising scrub heifers ami selling tbem
-at $25 to $10 apiece, as many do. Is
unprofitable except on cheap land or
under other very favorable condltlona.
Hut It does pay to raise the beat
heifers, for In good dairy sections welt
)bred heifers are worth considerably
,m're than $G0 when two years of age.
Kurthermore, dairy farmers as a rule
iare obliged to raise their own stock
as It Is difficult to buy productive
cows at a reasonable price. In some
ajw-tlnna nf tha Wnat hara mititm i
jworth only $4 or $5 a tun, or In the
Iflouthwesl where pastures furnlah feed
line greater part of tbe year, thta coat
laaay be greatly reduced. Even where
National Prosperity.
It costs ICO to raise a heifer, two.
thirds of this amount Is charged for
feeds at market prices, a large part of
Which can be crown on thn farm nt a
profit Thus by raising the heifers
tne dairy farmer finds a home market
for feeds grown on the farm at re
munerative prices, and at the same
time aids In maintaining the fertility
of the farm.
GOOD PROFITS FROM STEERS
Most Remarkable Results Secured at
Iowa Station With Five Different
Lots of Animals.
At the Iowa station, during the last
season, most remarkablo results were
secured with five different lots of ex
perimental steers. The best paying
lot made a profit of $23.46 per head.
This lot received 14.6 pounds per
head dally of shelled corn, three
pounds cottonseed meal and 28.6
pounds silage. Other lots were fed
In comparison, receiving varying
amounts of the same feeds, and some
were fed clover hay In addition, but
the 1st which received a ration In
which the bulky part was silage and
the concentrates consisted of shelled
corn and cottonseed meal, was the lot
that turned off the most clean money.
No station has done as much ex
perimental feeding with silage ration
as the Indiana station at Purdue.
Many years of continuous records are
avatlablo at this station, and In no
Instance, from tho standpoints of
gains and profits, does any ration com
pare with those In which silage con
stitutes an Important feature. Last
year 70 head were fed In lots of ten
each. The lot receiving silage, oats
straw and cottonseed meal during the
first 60 days, and corn, cottonseed
meal, silage and clover hay during the
remainder of the period, made the
cheapest gains, but not the greatest
Disregarding the pork produced Inci
dentally, the lot fed on corn, cotton
seed meal and silage made a profit
of $20.96 per head.
The Illinois station has several
years of experimental data which
correspond closely to that already giv
en, and It Is generally entirely favor
able to' tho use of silage In the beet
ration. Illinois also found that for a
maintenance ration for breeding beef
cows, silage Is a most desirable and
economical feed. It cost 4.9 cents per
day per head to maintain 140 days a
lot of cows fed on silage, clover hay
and oata straw; 4.6 cents per day
to maintain a lot fed on shock corn,
clover hay and oats straw and S.l
cents a day to maintain a lot fed on
corn stover, clover bay and oats
straw.
JAPANESE PLUM IS POPULAR
Many of These Varieties Are Earliest
en Market and Sell Readily at
Good Prices.
(By C. M. 8IIULTZ.)
Plums of the Jspanese variety art
popular with most growers, particu
larly in tbe East because they are
hardy and come on early. Many
of these varieties are the earliest In
the market and as they are always of
good color, either cherry-reds or light
yellows, they sell readily and bring
good prices.
They will grow well on almost any
kind of decent soil, and do not need
to be particularly coddled, although
they ahould have all the care that any
good fruit troe deserves.
The Japanese plum differs from the
domestic varieties In that Its leaves
are longer, thinner and smoother, and
It has a greater tendency to produco
lateral fruit buds on tbe annual
growth. Us fruit Is mostly short
round and plump.
The Japanese .plum Is liable to In
Jury from curcullo and black knot
than the domestlo varieties. -
Csrly Spring Pigs.
After bolng weaned, early spring
pigs may be run on alfalfa, rape,
clover or grain pastures with a sup
plemental feed of grain until some
crop Is ready to hog off. During the
summer, mature crops of barley,
wheat and peas, with alfalfa or rape
pnsture, will carry them until the
main crops are harvested.
They then glean the stubble fields
and food on standing corn In tbe field,
roots, pumpkins, etc., until late In the
fall. They may be sold directly from
tbe cornfield, or may be fed for a few
weeks before being marketed.
Isolate Setting Hens.
It IS never adVlasbl In ant liana I.
the ben bouse where other bens are
around to disturb them.
I Ramsay Peugnet, secretary of the
Amertonn Kill MnnnfDi.hiMni n 1
uuw.uu.u. oa a BDDUUB
tlon, pointed out recently In New Vnrv
that the tango had enlarged the silk
Dusiness by z&o.OOO new looms and
spindles.
"The tango, the one-step, the hesita
tion and" the other new dances," Mr.
Peugnet said, "have caused the aver
age woman, who boueht only one din.
ner gown a year In the past, to buy
two, three and four new gowns now.
Hence the silk trade s expansion.
"It's a Rood thins for silk.': M
Peugnet went on, "that all men aren't
like Diane.
"Blano sat disconsolately In the
smoking room while all the other
guests at a ball were- tangoing like
mad.
" 'Why, Diane, what are you doing
here? Why aren't you out on the floor
tangoing, man 7' his host asked.
"'I don't tango,' Blanc answered.
"'You don't tango? Incredible! How
on earth Is It that you don't tnneo?
"Well," ninnc said, sadly, "I'd like
to tango, and I would tango, only the
music putn me out and the girl gets in
my way.'"
Fatal Orthographic Influence.
"Why In the world," asked the Im
patient judge, "are you two people al
ways fighting? You seem Intelligent
enough and well enough mated."
"I think," sajd the battered groom,
as be looked sadly at the battered
bride, "It Is because, when the report
of our wedding appeared In the paper,
the 1 and the t were transposed In the
word marital."
And 8o They Were Married.
Curate (forte). . . To have and
to hold.
Bridegroom (deaf) Eh?
Curate (fortissimo) To have and
to hold.
Bridegroom To 'ave and to 'old.
Curate From this day forward.
Bridegroom Till this day fortnight!
London Punch.
What She Wanted.
Library Attendant A foreign-looking
woman came In today and asked
tor "Cottage cheese."
Friend Ha! Did she think the li
brary was a grocery store?
L. A. No: after some nuentlnnln T
'found out that she wanted "Scottish
Chiefs." Boston Transcript
Shrewd Love.
"When I marry It will be for love
only."
Is that so?"
Positively."
And If some poor man proposes to
your
But he won't I shall take good
not to fall In love with any man
who lan't able to provide me with
what luxuries I require."
Strange, Isn't It?
Tve always wondered."
"At what?" asked ber husband.
anxious to have It over so be could go
oa reading.
"That when a man, no matter what
be looked like, became president be
began to look, In all bis pictures, Just
Uke a president"
Unfortunate Introduction.
A pastor In' Introducing a visiting
minister said:
"Brethren. I take pleasure In Intra.
ductng to you Brother Blank, who
will address us on tbe subject of The
Devil.' I can assure you the broths
la full of his subjoct"
STICKLER FOR ETIQUETTE.
"What's your name, little glrlT"
"Oh! dear me. don't vou '
could find somebody that would inter-
auce as properly t
Different Callings.
She Llxile's bloke calls . i.
peaeb and the happle of 'Is hoye.' Why'
can't you call me things like that?
Ho Yus, that's very well; but Ve
In the vegetable business. I'm In the
fish trade, remember London Tit-
Hits.
Peace Definition,
"What Is your Idea of peace P
"Peace." said Mr. Ihiatin 8tax, "Is a
stale of affairs In which everything Is
going my way so strong that there Is
no use ot anybody's making a kick,
about It"
His Ides.
"I know what tha cart hnr..'.
of life la."
"What's his Ides?" i
"That It Is nothing but a thing of
keel and whoa" i
1 '4'! "Vi Pf X"l- vl
Y -Of
mm -
A Persian
' N the traditional days of Zoro
aster, before Islam conquered Per
sia, the women folk must have
, enjoyed a much higher and more
honorable and hanoler position
than at the present time, for today
they are esteemed greatly Inferior to
men.
It Is really no wonder that one fre
quently hears from the lips ot some
of these poor creatures the pathetic
exclamation, "Oh, God, why was I not
born a boy life would then have been
so much easier to bear!" "
When a boy Is born there Is great
rejoicing, but when the bopes of a
male child are disappointed, one of-
en hears the sad saying "Only a
Klrl!"
Unfortunate little creature, she Is
unwelcome! The ayah or nurse, is
In a bad temper and the unhappy
mother has to suffer for the unful
filled desire. In all probability ahe
win lose the favor of her lord and
master, and this Is almost certain to
be the case when she Is so unlucky
as to present him with a second
daughter. In bis rage and chagrin
he will Introduce a new bride Into his
anderoon," or woman's Quarters:
that Is to say If be can afford to add
to his household.
Female Children Unwelcome.
As for tbe poor little girl-child
little attention and care, to aay noth
ing ot parental affection. Is bestowed
upon ber. If she is strong and healthy
she will live, If not, she will die and
will not be much lamented. A com
mon cradle la good enough for her.
In place of tbe costly and luxurious
cot that would have been thought
none too fine for a boy. Tbe poor
nurse, frightened, trembles when she
announces the sex of the child to the
Agah, for the disappointed and angry
man In bis rage Is not unlikely to
give tbe order that she Is "to eat
sticks" the Persian euphemism for
punishment with the bastinado, or
whipping the soles of the feet with
thin rods. This wrathful feeling to
wards his wife may even go so tar
as divorce for ber omission to provide
blm with an belr.
Girls seldom are sent to school, and
It la a rare thing to find a Persian
woman who can so much as read or
write. There are no such Institu
tions as girls' schools.
Tbe features are concealed behind
tbe rouband, a long, narrow white
veil which Is fastened at the back ot
tbe bead over the chadat hy two
hooks, or in some cases by an elabo
rate clasp of sliver or gold filigree,
either plain or studded with gems.
This veil Is plorced Just In front of
tbe eyes, the opening being covered
with lace, to form a window from
which the wearer can look out with
out being herself visible. Not even
ber hands may be seen, so they are
always carefully wrapped In the
chadar.
The lifting of the veil (xefaf) Is
the most Important event In 'the life
of the Persian girl, and until this
moment srrlves her sole duty Is to
look pretty, making herself attrsctlve
by the uss of Innumerable cosmetics,
paints snd halrwaahes which are
found In tvery "anderoon," so that
ber good looks may be the subject
of conversation and find her a hus
band while she Is young. Psrents are
always anxious to got their daugh
ters married as early as possible, and
many girls, especially among the
well to-do classes, are betrothed
while still mere children.
Unless the buiband to-be can bribe
tbe go-between, who arranges the mar
riage, he rarely sees the face of bis
bride until tha ceremony tskes place
and then It Is only by hiding him
behind a curtain, where he can ob
serve without betraying bis presence.
When the preliminaries have been
settled ,h" satisfaction ot the two
t,
A ' w 7: stir ' : r.
Rest Housi:
families the bridegroom is expected
to make some handsome present
such as a shawl or a diamond ring to
the girl. The details of the dowry,
tbe most Important part of the nego
tiations, must then be decided upon.
As In most cases there Is no immedi
ate hurry, tbe bride and groom being
still Infants, this mercenary haggling
Is often carried on for months, or
even years, before the parties come
to terms.
Ready cash forms the moat desired
contribution, and Jewelry, dreas'es,
land, bouses, cattle, even slaves, and,
lost of all, a copy of the Koran beau
tifully bound in velvet or brocade,
are Included In the Inventory of tbe
dowry provided by a wealthy bride
groom. Persians Are Very Superstitious.
All Perslana are very superstitious,
and the day for the wedding cannot
be fixed without tbe dictum of tbe
mullah, or priest who consults the
Koran for a propitious time.
Marriage during the two mourning
months of Moharram-and Safar would
be considered sacrilege, neither may
It take place when an eclipse of the
sun or the moon is looked for or In
the fasting month of Ramadan.
A rich wedding Is a sight well worth
seeing. Usually all the male attend
ants are mounted, a number of serv
ants carry trays of sweetmeats, cakes,
fruits and bottles ot rose-water, with
which they sprinkle tbe hands and
faces of the onlookers.
When tbe party arrives at the bouse,
musicians play and dancers receive
them. Tbe women, with the bride In
their midst watch tbe performance
from the fiat roof of tbe "anderoon"
or women's quarters, and welcome the
bridegroom and his followers with
piercing, shrill and high-pitched cries.
All the guests crowd Into tbe re
ception room, where tbe principal
visitors Uke their places round tbe
walla The room Is partitioned by a
curtain, behind which tbe women sit,
aU deeply veiled. The mullah address
ing tbe bride, through the curtain,
asks ber It she Is willing to accept
the young man whom her parents
have selected, as her husband. This
question Is repeated three times, but
no reply Is expected, sllonce being
taken as the sign of acquiescence. The
man is next Interrogated In like man
ner and also remains silent
Tbe young bride is Uken to her
new borne Just before sunset ber prog,
ress being tbe occasion of another
great display.
The bride, aged perhaps barely
twelve years, rides a rlcbly-caparl.
soned horse, whose ssddle Is hidden
under fine cashmere shawls which
bang right down to the ground.
Repressed Deelrs.
Now whenever I hear "desire" called
"weakness," and Its suppression called
"mastery," I confess that I wince. It
Is a singular but ponderable fact that
tbe patients who fill the waiting-rooms
of our psychiatrists In Incresslng
numbers are largely persons "who
have mastered their desires." It Is
usually for this very reason that they
are become "patients." If psychology
be right about It, true self-control Is
not suppreaslon, but sublimation or
transformation. The desire, natural
and normal enough of Itself, must be
allowed expression, If not In one way
then In another. To "master" It
merely, namely to repress It, Is abso
lutely dangorous. Borne day the re
pressed desire will come to Its own
E. P. Krost In Atlantic. ,
Teste of Wisdom.
"Of course, sou rely on tbe wisdom
of the plain people?"
"Yes," replied the ststesmsn. "nut
there are times when I expect them to
be wise enough to recognize the fact
that my wisdom Is superior to theirs."
' ."( t X' . r
ill III i
I m-v Jr
Mies Gerda Holme's, pictured above,
has reconsidered her determination to
retire from the photo-plays, and will
remain the star of a leading com
pany. SHOWUOTT
Films of Patriotic Order Depict 8cenes
of Interest to the Young
sters. A photo play depleting the strife
between the early colonists and the
Indians, and conflicts of thn Revolu
tion, tbe story ot which centers about
the famous Revolutionary leader.
Francis Marion, will be presented In
motion picture theaters. This drama.
entitled, "Francis Marlon; the Swamp
rox. is in three parts, and presents
exciting battle scenes between the
colonials and the British soldiers, as
well as band-to-hand conflicts en
gaged in by the settlers and the In
dians. In these scenes hundreds of
men participate.
A secret love affair between tha
hero and the daughter of a settler.
which has Its Inception, when tbe for
mer rescues the girl from the Indians,
la Interwoven in this story, culminat
ing happily after tbe surrender of
Cornwallls.
The opening scene of the play
shows Cherokee Indians attack the
cabin of Jacques Vldeau, setting tbe
cabin on fire and killing all the occu
pants, as they flee from the flames,
ave the daughter, Mary, whom they
make a prisoner. Francis Marlon, at
the bead of a band of settlers. iWpnta
and roots tbe savages, rescuing Mary
and placing tbe orphaned girl In the
care or his slater. Marlon falls In love
with Mary, but because Indications
point to a romance between ber and
Gabriel, his nephew, Marlon conceals
bis affection.
When war Is declared between the
colonics and Great Britain Francis
Marion organizes a body of troops and
offers tbe services of his rplmnt tn
Oen. Gates, but that officer declines
to enlist them. They adopt the first
American flag, the rattleanake design,
with the Inscription underneath,
"Don't Tread on Me." Marlon and his
men create terror In the British lines
by appearing and attacking when and
where they are least expected and do
ing much damage.
Lord Cornwallls who has become
worried because of the American com
mander's activity sends Col. Tarle
ton. known as "Tbe Butcher," to cap
ture "The Swamp Fox." but the latter
la warned of the red coats' annroaeh
nd escspes with bis men. Tarleton
finding bis quarry gone rslds the
borne of Marlon's sister, driving the
Inmates from the bouse, with the ex
ception of Mary. Tbe British officer
then occupy the bouse.
Marlon's men attack tha rtrltl.h
camp and set fire to Marlon's house
wun Burning arrows, driving out tbe
redcoat officers and defeating tbe Eng
lish force. Mar la rescued from tha
blate and learns that Gabriel was'
killed In the fray.
Two months later, eft.r tha .
render of Cornwallia, Marlon returns
to his home. Believing that . Mary
was In love with his nenhew. ha nf.
fers ber his sympathy for ber bereave
ment but to his surprise Mary em
braces blm and, knowing that be Is
too diffident to propose, she "pops the
question" herself. For a
Marion Is bewildered, but be soon re
covers rrom the happy shock and
takes her In his arms.
Classlo In "Movies."
Within the last Vear there ha kwn
much activity In the producing of fa
mous books and modern stage suc
cesses as motion pictures, but so far
few attempts have been msde to put
the clsssle English dramas on the
screen. There Is therofnra
ble Interest In tbe production of
Hne btoops to Conquer" as a motion
picture. To nut nlav In whlrh tw.
Is such a constsnt succession of bril
liant dialogue into the silent drsma
seems rather alartlln . , v.
Judging by reports, tbe scheme has
proTcu a success.
The film Was first ahnan la T
. u uuuuu
a few nights ago, and dispatches state
that aeveral of the most conservative
London papers reviewed the work
favorably. It will probably be lm
ported and shown In this country at
an early date, although definite Infer
inatlou on this point Is not available
yiVsHIUt.
v.-
V.