FARM d&
Notts and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges mnd Experiment Stations
f Oregon and Washington, Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions
Turkeys Beat Hogs.
Washington State College, Pullman
The feed it takes to produce a hog
that will dress two hundred pounds for
the market would probably feed and
fatten a flock of twenty turkeys,
which would average at least twelve
pounds dressed at market or holiday
time. These usually sell as high as
twenty-five cents a pound. The two
hundred pound hog would bring (26.
The twenty turkeys would bring $60.
It is true that young turkeys ' re
quire more care the first few weeks
than do chickens, but one is abundant
ly rewarded for the extra work. Al
though the domestic turkey is, with
proper handling, as tame as the chick
en, they are yet of a semi-wild nature,
and must be allowed, so far as possi
ble, to follow their natural inclina
tions. Much of the failure in turkey
raising is due to not knowing how to
handle the little poults. One may
sum up the essential things in hand
ling the poults as follows: Proper
food and drink ; keep them free from
lice; keep them out of the rain and
wet grass, and out of damp, filthy
quarters.
Many poults are killed during the
first few weeks by feeding improper
food, and by over-feeding. For the
first several days they may be fed four
or five times a day, but only so much
each time as they will eat in a few"
minutes. Do not leave surplus food in
the feeding dish to become sour or
mussed. Never feed sloppy food.
Keep clean, fresh drinking water and
fine grit constantly before the poults.
Stale bread moistened with sweet
milk, with all the surplus milk pressed
out, is an excellent feed at first.
Hard boiled egg (boiled at least thirty
minutes) chopped fine, including shell,
and mixed with finely chopped onion
tops or lettuce, is also good for the
first feed. After a few days, a little
cracked grain may be fed. One can
vary the feed some, but must use
judgment as to the quantities fed.
Milk curd, commonly called "cot
tage cheese" and fresh meat, either
raw or cooked, chopped fine, can be
fed after a few days. The egg, meat,
or curd should be fed moderately with
other feed; green feed, such as cab
bage, kale, onion tops, lettuce, grass,
and the like is, always relished by tur
keys, and should be provided, espe
cially for those that are kept in close
quarters. One can plan on having
such feed on hand when needed, be
fore that time comes. When several
weeks old, the poults are likely to do
best if allowed to have free range, and
will after that time find much of their
feed, such as waste grain, bugs, grass
hoppers, and many other dainty mor
sels to their liking, but they should be
fed morning and evening. Keep grit,
pure drinking water and charcoal
where they may get them convenient
ly. Charcoal to a great extent is a
preventive of disease.
When poults must be closely con
fined their quarters should be clean,
light, airy and free from dampness.
As they become older, they will
choose outdoor roosts in preference to
being housed, and when possible allow
them to roost in trees or on outdoor
roosts, that is, proper places for them.
While poults are small, if necessary to
have a floor in their coop or building,
keep a good layer of dirt, sod or sand
on the floor so that they may scratch
in it The exercise is good for them,
and their legs will be stronger than if
kept on hard board floors. Whenever
weather will permit, allow them out
in the yard or field, but little poults
must be kept out of hard showers and
wet grass. If the ground is reason'
ably dry, coops without floors are best
and can be moved about to fresh,
clean places.
farasites are very destructive to
poults, and poults infested with them
are quite likely to be short lived.
Poults hatched in incubators and
reared away from other poultry are
not likely to be troubled, but one must
make sure that the lice are not pres
ent. If chicken hens are used to
hatch and rear the poults, see that
the hen and nest surroundings are free
from lice and mites before the poults
hatch. There are different ways of
ridding poultry of lice, but persistent
effort counts more than all else. In
sect powder rubbed thoroughly through
the feathers, or washing them well, on
a warm, sunny day, in a weak solu
tion of good louse dip will make lice
scarce. If latter treatment is given,
follow directions as given with the
preparation.
Hens should be given such treat
ment before young birds hatch, as it
is not advisable to have the feathers
of the hen filled with powder when the
poults hatch; nor should her feathers
be wet with louse dip when the birds
are young. When lice are present on
the poults, rub a little melted lard or
weet oil on the head and throat, and
ORCHARD
use insect powder on the rest of the
body. Use very little grease on
young birds. When the poults are
older after ten weeks of age they
may be treated with the louse dip, but
must not be allowed to become chilled.
Choose a warm day, and the earlier in
the day the better. In dipping young
birds, one should have the dip very
weak, as their skin is tender.
An important thing for success with
the poults is to have eggs from
healthy, vigorous stock. Many flocks
of turkeys have been abused by failure
on the part of breeders to procure nec
essary new blood from time to time,
and have been inbred, and hence, have
lost their natural vitality. Such stock
will produce weak ofFpsring. If one
has but four hens, and needs new
blood, if the unrelated male bird
should cost $12, the gain in number of
poults hatched and raised, and the
quality of the birds, will thrice pay
for the new bird. That turkey rais
ing is a very profitable line of poultry
production can no longer be doubted.
Washington State College Notes.
The Early Rose is one of the best
early potatoes for planting in practic
ally all regions of the Northwest It
is not quite as early as some others,
but it is a potato that always is well
received on the market.
With two hundred and forty active
members, the Pacific Northwest Live
stock association last year exhibited
2800 animals at its December shows
held at Lewiston, Idaho. Secretary
S. B. Nelson reports the present mem
bership of the association as 500; and
with the increase, in membership and
strength of the Livestock association,
and the increasing interest in livestock
production in mind, believes that at
the stock show the coming December,
no less than four thousand animals
will be exhibited.
In winter, cream is very difficult to
chum because of the small and hard
fat globules, low temperatures, sweet
cream, and possibly thin cream. When
cows are far advanced in their lacta
tion period, the globules become hard
er and when churned do not stick to
gether easily. Cream held at low tem
peratures previous to churning makes
quick churning impossible. I would
suggest that if you have a cream sep
arator you separate about a 85 per
cent cream. By the use of a starter.
ripen this at a temperature of about
75 degrees for six to eight hours.
Then cool down between 65 and 60 de
grees and churn in the ordinary way.
This ought to bring the butter in
about 35 to 40 minutes. Feeding a
few roots may change the character of
the fat to some extent and facilitate
churning. "
The practice of raising a crop every
year has been followed on the experi
ment station farm at Pullman, Wash
ington, for a number of years. Our
rainfall is on the average about 23
inches. With a rainfall of 16 to 18
inches summer fallowing seems to
give better results. We do not follow
any definite system of rotation. The
crops grown on the farm consist of
alfalfa for 6 or 8 years, frequently
followed by corn. Clover is also
grown for three years, when the land
is plowed up and corn is planted. We
can raise field peas followed by wheat
with excellent results. Afterwards
corn or oats may be grown on thiB
field. I think a good rotation where it
could be followed would consist of red
clover three years, corn one year,
wheat one year, oats one year. How
ever, our conditions are Buch that we
nave not yet been able to follow this
rotation regularly.
If you have grown alfalfa on this
land for three years, it would ordinar
ily be a waste of fertilizer to apply
any commercial material at the pres
ent time.
Milk Problem Solved.
More than 10,000 quarts of milk are
handled daily by the Erie county milk
association, which began business in
December, 1899. The association now
owns a three-story brick building that
cost $26,000, and is equipped with
$13,000 worth of apparatus for hand
ling all classes of dairy products.
Business has grown from about $100,
000 the first year to $250,000, says
farm and Home, and the company
now distributes about half the milk
used in the city. Great economy in
distributing milk has been brought
BDout because the city of Erie, Pa..
is divided into districts and the one
driver serves all the patrons along his
route. I he producers have taken
stock in the company on the basis of
(3 for each quart of milk produced,
For the last five years the company
paid producers 8 cents per quart for
the contract milk and 3 cents for the
surplus.
LEAVE ODD LEGACIES
SOME REMARKABLE BEQUESTS
NOTED BY LAWYERS.
Pair of Old Shoestrings, Left by Mil
waukee Woman to Friend, Among
th Queerest on Record Hair
Brush Left to Nephew.
When they opened the will of Miss
Mathilda Tommet In Milwaukee the
other day they found that one of her
bequests was a pair of old shoestrings
given to a woman relative with whom
she had been on friendly terms for
many years. There did not appear to
be any sarcasm or ill feeling connect
ed with the legacy, and judged by the
common sense way in which the re
mainder of her property was bestowed
there did not seem to be ground fpr
the suspicion that the decedent was
not In her right mind.
The cases are numberless In which
odd things have been bequeathed' and
countless have been the contests to
break wills that contain provisions
along lines similar to that of Miss
Tommet's will. In New Orleans there
died not long ago a wealthy old man
noted for his shrewdness In business
deals. One of the bequests of his very
long avlll was a hair brush that he
had used for many years.
This brush he gave to a nephew,
Samuel Thompson Flnnerty who had
been named after the old man with
the proviso, however, that the brush
should be kept in the Flnnerty family
vault one month out of twelve and In
a mahogany box containing an elec
tric belt that the decedent had worn
for years. The acceptance of the
brush, conditional on carrying out the
old man's wishes, meant that the
nephew was to inherit and enjoy two
thirds of the estate. The rest of the
will was sound and tight in every re
spect, according to the lawyers.
Margaret Ann Epplng of San Fran
clesco left $5,000 each to ten of her
nephews about six years ago, but this
was the condition: Her tombstone
was to be replaced every two years
with a new one on which each nephew
In turn "should cause to be chiselled
an appropriate verse setting forth
his love and affection." As the be
quests were In the shape of annuities
from a bulk fund the nephews In or
der to draw upon the fund for their
income had to comply with the de
mands of the decedent. One nephew
sued and was beaten. Although under
the terms of the will he was to forfeit
his share for contesting, the will was
so construed and Interpreted that he
still received his annuity, hut subject
to the new tombstone conditions.
Jabez Holllster of Montreal left his
two sons the use of a corn razor that
he a cutler had specially ground
and fixed up for chlropodlo use. "For
the sake of their .health and the risk
they ran from blood poisoning If oth
er corn cutters were UBed," the sons
were admonished to use no other cut
ter and a cash amount was to be for
feited If they disobeyed. One son,
after he had recovered from the shock
of his father's death, laughingly told
the lawyers that he had never had a
corn in his life. But the lawyers In
sisted that his father was likely to
ha.ro known whether he had or not
What Figures Prove.
Most men cannot be Idle and live,
rhat sounds strange. It is true. It
Is a law of nature. If a man past forty
leads an Idle life the probability Is
that he will live to be fifty-seven
rears old. If he leads a harmonious
ind sufficiently occupied life he will
live to be sixty-six. , This is the expe
rience of life insurance companies,
which make a specialty of old-age an
sultles. Skill, money and time have
been spent by these companies to
learn these figures. The success of
the companies depends on them.
The figures tell the story. Idleness
Is harder on the vital organs of man
kind than work. To be idle is to die,
to work is to live.
That Constabulary Band.
Filipinos nave always shown a par
ticular aptitude for muslcand In few
other countries does musts play such
a large part In the dally Ufa of the
people. They learn all kinds of in
itruments readily and even among the
poorest classes there are few who
have not some form of musical accom
plishment No village Is without Its
orchestra, which Is called out on
every ocacslon and plays for hours ap
parently out of the sheer Joy of the
music Yet the Filipinos are the one
people without a national muslo, and
no Flllplnlo composition, Is known to
fame. They have never produced
slther vocalist or an Instrumentalist of
more thon local note. All who attend
ed tne Bt Louis exposition wu re
member the fine Filipino Constabulary
band whloh attraoted to much favor
able comment The organization is
still In existence and no one eould de
mand finer concerts than those It
gives at dusk on the cool green of the
Luneta at Manila, but the leader of
the band Is a negro from Boston, and
no Filipino Is able to take bis place,
world s Work.
SKILLFUL WITH THE ARROW
Amazon Indians, Using Poisoned
Weapons, Are by No Means a Foe
to Be Despised.
The uncanny skill of the Amazon In
dians with poisoned arrows won the
awed admiration of Mr. Algot Lange,
who was cured of jungle-fever by Man
geromas after his comrades had suc
cumbed to beriberi and poisonous
swamp snakes. In hie book, "In the
Amazon Jungle," Mr. Lange describes
a hunting trip that be made with two
members of the tribe:
"We had scarcely gone a mile, when
we discovered on the opposite bank of
the creek, about one hundred and fifty
yards away, a wild hog rooting for
food. We were under cover of the
brash, but the hog was in full view. Al
most simultaneously my companions
fitted arrows to their bowstrings. In
stead of shooting polntblank and
manipulating the bows with their
hands and arms, they placed their
great toes on the lower end of tha how-
strings, and with their left arms gave
me proper tension and Inclination to
the bows, which were eight feet long.
With a whir the poisoned arrows shot
forth, sailed gracefully through the
air, aescriDed a hyperbola, and plunged
Into the animal's neck, a little back
from the base of the brain.
"The hog dropped in his tracks, and
I doubt If he could have lived nvfm If
the arrows had not been poisoned. We
siung tne body over a heavy pole and
carried it to the maloca.
"All the way the hunters disputed
over the ownership of the hog, and
from time to time they put the carcass
on the ground to eestlculato and Arena.
When they appealed to me, I declared
wai tne arrows had sped so rapidly
that I could not tell which had found
Its mark first
"As we neared the house, the chief
ent out a messenger to learn the
cause of the altercation. ,. The emis
sary returned to the chief and the dis
putants became quiet The messenger
soon came back, and said that tha
great chief would judge the case, and
ordered me men to enter the maloca.
The chief motioned me to a seat on
the ground beside his hammock. The
men told their story, now and than
looking to me for an affirmative nod of
the head. The chief listened to the
argument for some time without ut
tering a, syllable, and regarded the
crowa witn a steady, unblinking ex
preseion. Tben be said: .'The hog Is
mine, uor
"Strange as It may seem, there win
no grumbling at this extraordinary
aecision. xoutns Companion.
Helping a Brother.
Referring to brotherly love. Senator
William H. Thompson of Kansas said
be never saw It more beautifully ex
emplifled than the way In which Green
helped his friend Brown over a rather
uimcuit place.
Some time ago the Greens called at
tne borne of the Browns. Brown, not
expecting the call, was absent from
the domestic camp.
"Oh, Mr. Green," remarked Mrs
Brown during the conversation. "1
warn 10 as it you something. I was
looking through my husband's desk
tnis afternoon and found some of the
queerest tickets you ever saw. One
was marked. 'Mudhorse. 8 to 1.' an
other was marked 'Getaway, 10 to 1,'
and so on like that What do you sun
pose they refer to?"
"That's an easy one, Mrs. Brown,"
was the smooth relolnder of riraen
"Tour husband is probably making a
study or archeology."
'"Archeology!" was the wondering
rejoinder of Mrs. Brown. "Do you
really -think so? How very Interest
ing!"
"Yea," responded Brother Green
"those queer-looking tickets you found
are undoubtedly relics of a lost race.1
Remarkable.
Frost Sometimes one runs across
his friends In the most unexpected
places.
Snow True, yesterday I found
Agnes at home.
To Remove Match Marks.
Marks on kitchen walls, which have
been caused by carelessly striking
matches on them, will disappear if
rubbed with a bit of lemon and then
with a clean cloth dipped in whiting.
Afterwards wash the surface with
warm water and soap then wipe with
a clean damp cloth.
Never Touched Him.
Father "I want to tell you, my boy,
that there is a secret of success and
that this secret Is hard work." Lazy
Boy "Well, father, 1 hope I'm too
much of a gentleman to take advan
tage of Information gained in such i
way." -
Must Have Pleased Henrv.
Wife "Henry, you need a rest Let
as go to Bongtong Springs." Huh
"That place! Why, it's only fit for
women ana roois." wife "I know
Let's go there together."
It
Town Bars Women.
The Aslatio town of Malwatch, on
the borders of Russia, is peopled by
wu oniy. women are forbidden en
trance there.
OF THE EARTH'S BEST
CLERGYMAN DEFINES THE MAN
WHO IS A GENTLEMAN.
May "Go Wrong" for a Time, but to
the End He Is "On the Square,"
and Friendship With Him
Is a Privilege. - '
When asked, not long ago, to give
his Idea of "a gentleman," a noted
clergyman said:
Of one thing I am. assured, nameiy,
that he will never be ashamed of his
origin and that he will studiously re
fuse to pretend he is anything except
what he is. He will be conspicuous
for pity, always doff his hat to a ruin,
be chivalrous to a woman, whether
young or old, beautiful or plain, noble
or Ignoble, just because she Is &
woman. Also I am convinced that
while the perfect gentleman will be
deferential to his mental superiors,
recognizing talent, wherever it may
be found, be will pay respect to social
differences with absolute ease, as su
premely unimportant, preserving the
while his entire Independence, of which
no one on God's earth can ever rob
him. The gentleman Is accustomed to
accommodate his pace to the weakest,
to arrange his conversation according
to the capacity and Interest of his au
dience, to give without conferring the
wound of an obligation, to use hos
pitality without grudging, to be care
less of a visiting list, and ever to keep
his door on the latch, so that it may
easily be pushed open by the stranger
or even by the criminal, who finds a
city of refuge at his hearth and in his
heart
The true gentleman belongs to the
world and is never insular, which is
only another form of self-consciouB-ness,
but whatever his nation, he Is
morally a polyglot and talks the lan
guage of humanity. You will find him
without exception on the side of the
weak, and ready to shiver a lance for
the oppressed and the degraded, or
those who have been ostracised by
the world.
The gentleman is a person whom
you never notice when he Is In a room,
and never forget when he is gone, and
no one is so much missed, though no
one desires to be so less. He under
stands like no other being on earth,
says the right thing, though oftener
still preserves silence, as the case may
require, and always carries about with
him a sense of comfort and livable
withness which is unique.
Strange, as it may seem to the thick
skinned and unsensitive, the gentle
man may be as wild as a hawk and
may get into messes of various sorts
but, unlike many who claim to tread
the path of virtue, his soul is never
blackened by underhandedness or
scheming. He would not marry a
woman for her money, make a display
of what he may happen to possess, tell
a lie except to shield a woman's honor,
slander his neighbors, engage in con
versation which is even questionable,
cheat whether on a large or small
scale; in fact indulge in falsity of any
kind. He is infinitely gentle and re
tiring, utterly masculine, in the best
sense of that word, and always courte
ous. He may "go wrong" gentleman
have been known to but to the end
he is "on the square," Inwardly "hank
ering after God."
Correction.
The essential difference between
baseball and cricket, as explained in
the Topeka Capital, is In the gloves
the catchers wear. The cricket catch
er wears long gauntlet gloves, for
wrist protection, while the baseball
catcher wears a glove to protect his
fingers. The American catcher wUhes
to preserve his forefinger so he can
guide a billiard cue, while the English
catcher fears he will be incapacitated
for drinking tea of his wrist Is bruised.
Probably the truth, except that the
American catcher saves his finger, we
believe, not to play billiards, but pea
pool. '
Just a Bit Doubtful.
Nearly a half century ago George
Chorin, then a dashing young soldier
In the First Massachusetts Volunteer
Infantry, lost $990; now he wants the
government to reimburse him, and has
appealed to It through Congressman
Mitchell. The latter is not quite clear
as to what can be done for the veter
an, and as for Interest on the amount
he has so far balked at any attempt
to figure it. Chorin explains that back
In the sixties, JuBt before his regiment
was mustered out, he was set upon
and robbed by four men of his own
company while in camp at Bunker
Hill, Md. He was on guard duty at
the time. While the Identity of the
men was known, Chorin alleges, there
was no court-martial because of the
dlsbandment of the regiment which
then was under way.
Just Work.
"You say you haven't any time for
exercise?"
"No. I've no time for anything ex
cept my work."
"What is your work?"
"I'm a gymnasium instructor."
i