FARM ORCHARD
Notts and Instruction from Agricultural Colleges' and Experiment Stations
at Oregon and Washington. Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions
CAMPAIGN TO FIGHT FIREBLIGHT
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval
lis. The general and rapid spread of
the deadly firebllght in the pear and
apple orchards of Oregon can be
checked by means of organized cam
paigns to carry out the standard treat
ment of cutting out all diseased parts
of the tree, disinfecting the wounds
and burning the brush, according to
Professor II. S. Jackson, head of the
plant pathology department, Oregon
Agricultural college. These radical
measures have already been Instituted
In one of the Important fruit districts
of the state and are in a fair way to
be applied in one other. As the dis
ease is prevalent in a more or less
serious aspect in every county of east
ern Oregon with the possible excep
tion of Wasco, experts in plant dis
eases believe that no time should be
lost in putting control measures into
effect
While measures of procedure will
vary somewhat In the different sec
tions of the state, the plan followed
successfully in the La Grande district
can be made the basis of plans suit
able in most other districts. This
campaign, which has been in operation
for several days, Is described by Pro
fessor Jackson as follows:
"Requests for aid for the La Grande
district came through the state board
of horticulture. In response I went to
La Grande about July 7, and held lec
tures there and at Elgin. Subsequent
ly I visited all parts of the Grand
Ronde valley. As a result of this
inspection 01 ue orcnaraa there a
meeting was held Saturday afternoon.
July 12, at which the matter of hand
ling the situation throughout the val
ley was discussed and a committee ap
pointed to present to the county court
a petition asking for funds to provide
lor demonstration work. As a result
of that action 1500 was appropriated
by the county court on August 6.
"I secured for the fruit growers the
services of C. C. . Hyde and M. M.
Winslow, graduates of O. A. C. in
horticulture, who spent the summer in
the Rogue River valley as blight ex
perts and are thoroughly familiar with
methods of cutting out the disease.
The campaign was organized In such
a way that demonstrations in cutting
out the disease and disinfecting the
wounds are being conducted in various
orchards by these men. They expect
to cover all parts of the valley. They
will follow up the demonstrations with
careful inspection as carried on by
the inspection service, as soon as the
growers are thoroughly familiar with
the details of the work. This proced
ure interferes In no way with the
regular county inspection service but
is an aid to inspectors In familiarizing
them with' the disease and the best
methods of treatment My Dart In
the work has been purely that of or
ganization under the general direction
or the college extension service."
BERRY JUICE "KEEPS"
Oregon Agricultural Colleen. Cnrvnl,
lis. Among other remarkable quali
ties loganberry Juice has the property
of retaining its freshness for several
weeks without any sterilization what
ever, according to recent lnvestlga
uons conducted by Professor C. L
Lewis, horticulturist of the Oregon
Agricultural college. About the first
of July Professor Lewis took consid
erable quantities of loganberry Juice,
without heat, sweetened It to taste and
poured it into bottles which he set
away in the basement rooms of the
horticultural building. The bottles
were not sealed, nor was the tempera
ture of the room cooled below normal.
At the end of six weeks an examina
tion of the Juice showed that its ap
pearance was unchanged and that fer
mentation was Just beginning to set in.
Upon tasting, the Juice was found to
be sweet, with no more than Just a
"sparkling" taste to enrich its flavor.
Professor Lewis considers Its self
sterilizing power very unusual and de
stined to make it a popular beverage
wherever loganberries are grown.
EARLY PASTURE -FOR HOGS.
As early In the spring as possible
prepare a piece of rich ground. When
a good seed bed is made, drill In from
one to 1V4 bushels of barley or early
oats per acre; or, better still, a mix
ture of these. Be sure to use the
beardless barley. Then follow with a
grass seeder, sowing a mixture of four
pounds Dwarf Essex rape, three
pounds timothy, and eight pounds
clover seeds per acre. I have been
using alslke, medium and mammoth
clovers, but this spring shall Include
alfalfa, writes an expert in Farm and
Home.
I cover the seed with a weeded
sometimes crossing. A light spike
tooth harrow will answer also. If
sown early, and the earlier the better,
this light covering will be sufficient
as there is usually plenty of moisture
In the ground at this time.
When the rape is about six Inches
high, which will be in six to eight
weeks, hogs may be turned in; the
rape, barley and oats should furnish
abundant pasture for about 25 shotes
per acre. In the meantime timothy
and the clovers are growing to sup
plant the maturing barley and oats,
and. with the rape, will furnish a well
balanced ration until covered with
snow. This lot will next year furnish
the best meadow or pasture on the
farm.
EXTERMINATE SOW THISTLE.
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval
lis. "As the sow thistle, the weed so
common along roadsides and In waste
places, is an annual, it may be de
stroyed merely by preventing It from
going to seed," says Professor H. D.
Scudder, head of the department of
agronomy, Oregon Agricultural col
lege. "If the land can be put into
cultivated crops," continued Professor
Scudder, "there should be no difficul
ty in getting rid of the thistle. Then
after the crop Is harvested and the
weeds begin to appear in the fall, the
ground should be disked, and the disk
ing repeated In the spring. This will
cause the seeds to germinate and the
plants may be completely destroyed
by the plowing or cultivation that fol
lows. "In badly infested fields, the land
cannot be entirely cleaned of this
weed until cultivated In row crops. If
this does not seem possible, the fields
should be disked after harvest and
again as soon as the young seedlings
have started to grow. Then, early in
the fall, use the disk plow, set deep,
and sow the field thickly to vetch and
oats or vetch and rye. If this crop
is seeded early in September and gets
a good start, It will smother out the
thistle and most other annual weeds.
It can then be cut early in the spring
for soiling, or plowed under as green
manure.
"Where the sow thistle appears In
pastures, sheep are very effective in
keeping it down. In any case, it
should not be allowed to go to seed, as
it can propagate itself in no other
way.
"The weed is especially liable to ac
cumulate along the roadside and in
waste places. Here the best method
is to clip such areas before the seeds
form, and follow by thorough burning.
If possible, these waste places should
be plowed and seeded to some such
grass as perennial rye, which will
crowd out most of the weeds. The
grass may later be cut for hay or
pastured on with sheep."
NEW GRAINS OF HARDY MERIT
SneltZ and emmer nm rpnllv twn
distinct grains, and differ practically
as mucn as tne pear difrers from the
apple. Emmer is a German name,
and we have no English equivalent
Soeltz is a Dlant of similar Annppr.
ance, but quite different Both emmer
and SDeltZ are erown In Rnneln nnH
it is from Russia that the emmer has
been Introduced into the great plains
region, stretching rrnm thA Panaris
line to the Gulf of Mexico west of the
asm meridian, where the annual rain
fall Is only from 15 to 20 inches.
Emmer Is reallv a anM-lon nf nimi
with heads almost always bearded,
very compact, and much flattened on
the two-ridged sides. It is a hardy
UlanL reaiflta rirnnth nnrl niof buJ la
recommended by Prof. Carleton in
rarm ana Home as a valuable grain
In the section above mentioned. It
18 in fact a train fnr thu Botnl.orl1
regions, but often compares well with
omer crops in tne more humid sec
tions because It standa nn well la
comparatively rust, smut and fungus-
yiuui, una aroutn resistant
It Is probably the least exacting of
all the grains so far as cultivation in
concerned. It should always be
armea, at aoout the same . rate per
acre as oats and as early as possible,
as it will stand a good degree of spring
frost
The yield is usually from 20 to 40
bushels Der acre, althnnch kia ,
63 have been obtained. Its average
yieia proDaDiy ooes not dltter much
from that of oats, and it is preferable
where oats are liable to rust or lodge.
Its feeding value In nrnhnhlv loco
that of either oats or barley.
TflA fiflV InAt.efOT, In Tl.l.
" in Aim employs
190,000 operators and 19,000 looms.
The value of the attar nf
dustrv of Turkey in mKmntui at ti .
000,000 annually.
The French people are ereat chlrkan
raisers. A return gives the Income de
rived by them from this Industry as
$335,000,000.
An expert from the TTnlfcd stntaa
has been engaged by the Brazilian
uovernmeni u conduct experiments
by which that countrr hnnpa tn in.
crease Its cotton crop.
Twentv-fivfi rear urn lnmtiil
had to Import Its flour. Today it sells
wheat to the world, the annual harvest
value amounting to more than $500.
000,000. -
Snrlne-tnnm. fermlnatin t u.i.i.j
blades, have been patented by a' Con
necticut inventor fnr
roots and all, from the ground.
An Snnarntna fnr nnmnlttar
thetin Intn a ..j t
, ,v jrv.uvuv iuua auu iiisur
Ins the administration of a definite
nose nae oeen inventea Dy a Paris doc-
iur,
A COm Diet A flfAOm f1AAia4
mounted on two wheels and light
enoueh to h fcni.t v -.
has been Invented in England for sub-
uruao ana private use.
A new tvna nf MmMnaJ lnll..
reaction turbine Is said to give a
fit fill TTI Mntinmv . t)A r r
cent greater than the best of existing
OMUUaiUBt
SWIMMING BOOT IS HELPFUL
Paddle Blade Movts Like Fin When
Leg Is Kicked Out, Giving In
creased 8 peed and Power.
Strictly speaking, this should not
be called a boot at all. but the device
fits around the leg in such a manner
as to Justify the name. It was Invent
ed by an Ohio man and is said to en
able a swimmer to get much greater
speed with much less effort A hing
ed blade la fastened to the leg by
straps that go around the limb and
under the foot When the leg Is
drawn forward through the water the
blade lies close against it but when
the kick back comes the blade stands
out straight and acts like a fish's fin
to afford resistance to the water.
There are stops at top and bottom to
prevent the blade from making the
complete semi-circle on its forward
8wlmmlng Boot
movement Obviously, a devise of
this kind greatly increases the power
behind the stroke and enables a swim
mer to make remarkable headway.
GAME OF IDENTITY PLEASING
One Player Is Asked Questions Until
He Recognizes Character He
Then Represents.
There are two ways of playing the
game. The first method is to send
one player out of the room. The oth
ers then decide upon a well-known
character In history or fiction whom
the absent one is to represent He is
then recalled and each of the others,
in turn, asks him a question about
himself until he recognizes the charac
ter that has been thrust upon him. On
his return the player may be assailed
with such questions as: "Did you like
life on an Island?" "You must have
grown tired of keeping your arms
crossed on yoor chest for so many pic
tures, didn't you?" "How many bl
your brothers were kings 7" "Is your
present residence In Paris to your lik
ing?" It would probably require no
more questioning to indicate that Na
poleon was the character chosen. .
The other form of the game allows
the person who goes out to decide
upon a character to represent and
then act it out for the others to guess.
Sometimes the company is divided
into two rtouos and each side in turn
acts out an event in the career of the
character chosen.
PRICE OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
Ingeniously Devised Board Used In
Toy Department for Demon
strating New Apparatus.
In the electrical toy department of
a large department store Is this in
geniously devised board for demon
strating el ec trio motors. In front of
each motor is a small, low voltage,
Incandescent lamp about one Inch In
diameter with the price of the motor
painted upon the glass. A transform
er Is used and the lights are kept
Practicable Counter Display.
burning all the time, says the Popular
Electricity. Push buttons enable the
salesman to run any motor and light
its lamp.
Proper Celebration.
Visitor What have you there, El
sie?
Elsie (proudly) That's a bomb we
made, and we're going to blow up the
nursery.
"Oh! Oh! What forr
"Perhaps you don't know that the
new baby la a boy." Life.
Not 8o Insignificant.
Benevolent Lady (at Whitsuntide
school treat) Well, Lizzie, and who's
your little friend T
Lixzie Little friend. Miss Smlffi
That aint me "little friend;" that's me
faQeri
HOLYROOD
nflHBi palace of Holyrood,'
0t II . observed R. L. Steven
II son, "has been set aside
Jl in the growth of Edin
burgh, and stands gray
and silent In a workman's quarter and
among breweries and gas works."
The gas works have gone since Mr.
Stevenson wrote, but the breweries
remain, and otherwise the environs of
the palace are little changed. Among
them, however, must be numbered the
magnificent royal park, the pic
turesque line of serrated rocks which
form the Salisbury cralgs and the
lofty hill, crowned by Its noble lion's
head, which owes its name of "Ar
thur's Seat" to Its associations with
the old Arthurian legends of Edln
burgh. Of royalty itself Holyrood has
seen but little since James VL of
happy memory left It to occupy the
throne of Elizabeth. The fact that
the reigning British sovereigns are to
reside in the palace as well as to hold
state functions there has greatly In
creased the enthusiasm of their visit
to Edinburgh.
. Scenes of Romantic Interest
The rarity of royal residence adds to
the Importance of Its occurrence. King
George will be the first reigning ting.
the second reigning sovereign to oc
cupy the palace since the time of
Charles I., while Queen Mary will be
the first queen consort to reside there
since Anne of Denmark, James Vll.'s
queen, quitted its walls. In 1633
Charles I. was crowned In the chapel
royal at Holyrood, and In 1641 he
spent about three months in the pal
ape not very happily. From that time
till George IV. visited Edinburgh in
1822 no British monarch crossed its
threshold. And George IV. while
holding various state ceremonies In
Holyrood resided in Dalkeith house.
Queen Victoria and the prince con
sort also lived at Dalkeith on the oc
casion of their first visit to Edinburgh,
In 1843. In the autumn of 1850, how
ever, her majesty and Prince Albert
resided for a couple of days In Holy
rood, and subsequently the queen
when going to or returning from Bal
moral several times broke her Jour
ney at Edinburgh and spent a night In
the palace. In April, 1903, King Ed
ward held a court at Holyrood, but his
majesty and Queen Alexandra resided
at Dalkeith house.
It Is fondly hoped that the coming
visit of their majesties to the ancient
palace of the Stuarts may be the pre
cursor of many to follow and that the
dimmed brilliance of Holyrood may be
restored and Its past glories In some
part at least revived.
Although not the oldest of the Scot
tish royal palaces, that of Holyrood
house Is In many respects the most
Interesting. It appeals to the imagina
tion as none other does. It has been
the scene of some of the most splen
did, the most romantlo and the most
tragio Incidents in Scottish history
of coronations, royal marriages, festiv
ities, court revels, plots, conspiracies,
feuds, intrigues, murders. Moreover,
while Linlithgow and Falkland palaces
are of earlier date, for nearly four and
a half centuries before the erection of
a royal palace at Holyrood the mag
nificent abbey which stood there was
closely associated with the Scottish
sovereigns. Founded in 1128 by David
I, this religious house was frequently
used as a royal residence; parlia
ments met within its walls and In Us
church kings were crowned, wedded
and burled.
The Residence of Scottish Monarch.
The erection of a royal palace was
begun about 1501 by James IV., and
from this time onward Its was the
chief residence of the Scottish mon
arch a It is noteworthy that one of
the first avents connected with It was
the marriage of James to the Princess
Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. of
England from which marriage came
the union of the crowns. James V. ex
tended the palace and It has associa
tions of a peculiarly close and Inter
eating character with his unfortunate
laughter, Mary.
Bare the lovely queen of Scots an-1
MLACE or
ROriANCE
Palacc
Joyed a brief period of happiness after
her return from France; here she read
with George Buchanan, played cheas
with her favorites, danced with Ches
terfield, listened to the music of Rlzzlo
and held stormy interviews with John
Knox. Here she wedded Darnley;
here Rlzzlo was slain, and here she
celebrated her nuptials with the ruf
fianly Bothwell. James VL lived chief
ly at Holyrood before his accession to
the throne of England, and it was hers
Sir Robert Carey brought him tidings
of the death of Queen Elizabeth. He
visited the palace only once after
wards. The two visits of Charles L
have already been referred to. While
no reigning sovereign occupied Holy
rood subsequently for a couple of cen
turies James II. lived there twice while
he was duke of York.
The palace, too, played a romantia
part In the rising of 1745. For six
weeks Prince Charles Edward held a
court in it and gave receptions, balls,
etc After the French revolution Holy,
rood twice provided a residence for
the exiled royal family of France. In
1859 King Edward, then prince of
Wales, lived In Holyrood while he was
studying, and In 1863-1864 the duke of
Edinburgh, afterwards duke of Sale-Coburg-Gotha,
resided in the palace,
while he was attending Edinburgh
university.
Of the ancient abbey of Holyrood,
frequently plundered and burned,
nothing remains but a part of the fine
church, afterwards the Chapel Royal
The palace was set fire to In 1544 by
the English and although at once re
paired was again destroyed three
years later. Rebuilt almost Immedi
ately, It suffered once more during the
civil wars, when most of the building
was burned by Cromwell's troops. Aft
er the restoration it was rebuilt by
Charles II., who took a great Interest
in the work and made several sugges
tions which. It is said, were treated
with great respect, although they were
Ignored. The existing palace, with the
exception of a remnant of the building
of James V. (the northwestern towers.
In which are situated the historical
apartments), Is the structure of
Charles II.
The residential part of the palace In
cludes throne room, drawing-rooms,
dining-rooms, etc., and several have a
magnificent outlook toward Arthur's
seat and the Salisbury cralgs. In an
ticipation of the present royal visit the
building has been thoroughly over
hauled and extensive renovations car
ried out externally and Internally.
Many modern facilities have been In
troduced. Most of the private apart
ments of the king and queen have
been redecorated, and her majesty has
taken a great interest In the details
of the work. The wall papers have
been selected by herself.
Tale of the Commune.
This BtOrv of th Parln primmer, m
Is well vouched for by a spectator.
"As several VersaillaJaa VAra hoi no
led away to be shot," he says, "one
man in ue crowd who accompanied
them, to see the shooting mnrin him.
self particularly conspicuous by taunt
ing and reviling the nriannara "nM
confound you.' said one of the prison
era at last, 'don't you try to get out
of It by edging off Into the crowd and
preienoing you are one of them. Come
back here: the
- -jt-b m na
die together.' And the crowd was so
persuaded that the communard's vehe
monce was only assumed to cloak hi
cape, mat ne waa marched Into file
with the prisoners and duly shot"
First In His Line. '
"It Was Atlas. Wlin't It ... vi
. , , r - y, wwr
held up the worldr
"Yes, my son."
"Then he unit h
hold-up nun, wain't br
Remorse.
But" She eomnlalno
you had a rich unafe."
know It" ha
regret that lie more than roa ev
can now."