Lincoln County leader., August 15, 1913, Image 2

FARM gg ORCHARD
Notts and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations
at Oregon and Washington. Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions
Burning Spoiled Hay Waste.
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor
vallis. "Every ton of thia spoiled
hay contains aa much plant food as is
taken away from the farm in 30 bush
els of wheat, or 66 bushels of oats, or
200 bushels of potatoes, or 600 bushels
of. apples, or one ton of fat hogs, or
four tons of milk, or ten tons of but
ter. Every acre of this spoiled hay
' that is applied to the land will permit
the raising of three 30-bushel wheat
crops, or five 40-bushel oat crops or
three 200-bushel potato crops, or three
600-bushel apple crops, without any
depreciation in the fertility of the
soil, and where applied to lands not
now giving a maximum crop will
bring a greatly increased yield and
still leave the soil enriched." '
This remarkable statement was
made by Professor H. D. Scudder,
head of the department of agronomy
at the Oregon Agricultural college in
answering the question of what to do
with the spoiled hay now engaging the
facers' serious attention.
"The question has come to us what
to do with this spoiled hay, which is
, valueless for feed," said Professor
Scudder. "Many farmers are leaving
it on the ground and it is killing out
the growth underneath the cocks or
windrows, so that when it is removed
the weeds willl spring up and injure
the second cutting. Other farmers
are rolling it up and burning it. The
folly of thia can be seen at a glance.
It should be hauled to the barnyard
and thrown in deep piles. It other
words, it should be composted or al
lowed to rot. If it inclines to 'fire
fang' it should be wet down a little.
In many cases it may be hauled off
and spread at once on the stubblefield
or pasture that is to be plowed this
fall. Before plowing it should be
thoroughly disked and thoroughly
mixed with the surface soil.
"Every ton of this damaged hay is
equal approximately to four tons of
fresh manure in plant food value. Ap
plied to ground which is to be put in
potatoes, barley or corn next year, a
very marked eltect will be seen." .
It was also pointed out by Professor
Scudder that the farmer who has dam
aged hay in the field and will make
use of it as a fertilizer will Buffer lit
tle or no loss of the value he would
have received for it as marketable
hay. The principle governing here is
the same as that which requires that
hay be not sold at all, but be fed to
livestock on the farm, for when thus
fed 80 per cent of this fertility is re
turned to the soil while the finished
product sold, such as pork, beef, or
mutton brings a fancier price than
the raw material from which it was
made. When clover is manufactured
into butter almost the entire fertility
content is retained upon the farm, for
the ton of clover hay contains $8.60
worth of plant food, while a ton of
butter contains 60 cents' worth of
plant food. The farmer gets $10 a
ton for the clover hay, while for the
finished goods, butter, he gets $600 a
ton. His advice to the farmer is this:
"Don't burn the hay, for the bulk of
its fertility content, nitrogen, goes up
in smoke. Or don't leave it lvine on
the field, for then it destroys, the
meaaows and brings in weeds. Cer
tainly there should be no question as
to what should be done with the
spoiled hay."
Watering Hogs in Winter. -The
hog will drink too little water
in the winter time if some way is not
devised to coax him to drink copiously.
Warming the water and mixing with a
little mill feed, meat meal, tankage or
ground corn is an excellent way to get
a maximum of water into the pig's
stomach. I believe that it is practi
cally impossible to get a hog to drink
too much water in the winter time.
Do not spare the bedding. I have
observed in countless instances that
cold, poorly bedded houses were large
ly responsible for unprofitable gains.
The hog suffers as much from the cold
of winter as he does from the heat of
summer. Being thin coated, he is not
able to stand tnuch cold weather unless
very fat. It takes feed to supply this
extra energy to warm the hog kept in
a cold house. Shelter is cheaper than
feed John M. Ervard, in Farm and
Home.
The Best Rabbit Dog.
Most lads think they must have a
hound to hunt rabbits, but as one of
the "old boys,". I prefer sharp-scented
cur dogs of medium size. They are
better than any hound I ever tried.
A hound depends altogether on scent
and makes too much noise, which
frightens rabbits and they soon hole.
Hounds are always in the way around
the house and of very little worth ex
cept for tracking. A cur dog will
look under brush, etc., and start game
much quicker than a hound. They are
not so apt to hole game and are of
much more worth on the farm than
hounds. J. H. Andre, in Farm and
Home.
Great Possibilities of Truck Farm
ing in Frames.
Intensive truck farming under sash
or cloth covers is becoming one of the
most popular and profitable lines of
outdoor work, three acres being all the
ground required to produce a very
comfortable living. It is, of course,
necessary that a good market for the
produce be within easy reach, a mar
ket that is willing to pay top prices
for extra fancy and early vegetables,
for the sash farmer's cucumbers, snap
beans, etc., rank in the vegetable
market about the same as hot house
grapes in the fruit stores.
Naturally, a considerably larger
capital is required than in ordinary
truck farming, but the original outlay
for frames and sash is an interest-paying
investment. Roughly, it will cost
10 cents per square foot to equip a
garden with sash protection, and, with
reasonable care, these sash should
give 10 to 12 years' service, says a
t arm and Home expert.
In many localities there is an abun
dance of sunshine at all seasons of the
year and an absence of extremes of
temperature. In these regions a very
slight covering or the application of a
small amount of heat will carry plants
through the winter in good condition.
These conditions prevail in North Car
olina and tide-water Virginia, and
large areas are devoted to frame
trucking, using, not glass, but - cloth
coverings. Vegetables grown in
frame are shipped in carload lots from
these sections. Naturally, the cloth
covered frames are less expensive
than sash, the cost being from 35 to
60 cents a running foot for a bed 14
feet wide. In most sections the glass
covering is necessary.
While three acres is a good sized
sash farm, a somewhat larger area
should be available in order that the
frames may be moved once in three
years to guard-against disease. The
type of frames varies in different lo
calities, but generally they are no
more elaborate or expensive than is
absolutely necessary. The usual type
has for its sides two lines of 12 inch
boards set on edge and held in place
Dy stakes driven into the ground, the
bed being 6 feet wide, and as long as
may be desired. Farm and Home.
Borrowing Money on Land.
Swiss farmers find it comparatively
easy to borrow money of the mortgage
banks which exist in many of the can
tons. The chief advantage secured by
the farmer in placing a mortgage with
the cantonal or state mortgage banks
is that he escapes the necessity of re
paying the principal of his mortgage
in a single payment, and he is prac
tically relieved from the danger of
foreclosure according to Farm and
Home.
The interest rate charged by the
cantonal mortgage banks is about the
same as that collected by other banks.
For instance, a farmer wishes to raise
a loan of $10,000 on his property. He
secures the money from the cantonal
bank at 4 per cent. He could prob
ably do as well for himself if he went
to private sources, but here is where
the cantonal bankn holn him
w-f ...... VMV A
he went to a private bank to borrow
money at 4 per cent for a stated num
ber of years, he would be required to
pay that bank his interest each year,
and the full amount at the end of the
term.
Now, with the cantonal bank he is
required to pay each year, in addition
to his 41 per cent, 1 per cent as amor
tization. After the first payment he
owes the bank 10. 000 pm 1
T I f
Naturally, the second year he must
pay interest, not on the $10,000, but
on $9,900. However, hi actual nau.
ment is still 6 per cent of the $10,000.
Each year, however, a larger propor
tion of this 6i ner cent oth tr liqui
date the loan. In this way the farmer
ultimately oava hack the AnflM lit on
without having been burdened with
one Dig payment in any year, as he
ordinarily would have been. Only in
very rare cases are the loans made by
mese mortgage Danks on farm proper
ties foreclosed.
Religion Shown by Sacrifice.
In every are a test of mliirlnn tm
been its power to call out sacrifice.
ine great temples of the past could be
built only bv individual
The direction of self-denial must be
towards the noblest and most unselfish
ends, putting the good of others in the
place of self-indulgence. The Chris
tian Register.
Cruel Predictions Fulfilled. -
The mother nf Mon j
- .wV, tt ucii wariieu
by soothsayers that her son would be
come emperor and then put her to
death, would not believe it; yet both
wmo w pass, ior alter depriv
ing her of all her honor and power he
was terrified by the menaces she made
and her high spirit and commanded
that she be killed.
MECHANISM OF HUMAN HEART
Average Rapidity of Cardiac Pulsa
tion of Adult Male I About
70 Beats Per Minute.
In the human subject the average
rapidity of the cardiac pulsation of
an adult male is about 70 beats per
minute. These beats are more fre
quent as a rule In young children and
in women, and there are variations,
within certain limits, in particular
persons owing to peculiarities of or
ganizatlon. It would not necessarily
be an abnormal sign to find In some
particular individuals the habitual fre
quency of the heart's action from 6U
to 65 or from 70 individuals the
habitual frequency of the heart's
action la slower and more powerful
In fully developed and muscular or
ganizatlons and more rapid and
feebler in those of slighter form.
In animals the range Is from 26 to
45 In the cold blooded and 60 upward
In the warm blooded, txcept in the
case of a horse which has a very
slow heart beat, only 40 strokes a
minute. The pulsations of men and
all animals differ with the sea level
also. The work of a healthy human
heart has been shown to be equal to
the feat of raising five tons four hun
dredwelght one foot per hour, or 128
tons In 24 hours.
A curious calculation has been made
by Dr. Richardson, giving the work ol
the heart in mileage. Presuming that
the blood was thrown out of the heart
at each pulsation In the proportion ol
69 strokes per minute and at the as
sumed force of nine feet, the mileage
of the blood through the body might
be taken as 207 yards per minute,
seven miles per hour, 168 miles per
day, 61,320 miles per year, or 6,160,
886 miles In a lifetime, 84 years. The
number of beats of the heart In the
same long life would reach the grand
total of 2,869,776,000.
HARD PUZZLE FOR A FARMER
Illustrations 8how How Square Piece
of Land Was Divided Into Four
Different Fields.
Materials required A square
piece of cardboard.
Problem to be solved A farmer has
The Farmer's Puzzle,
a square piece of land. He had already
piamea one-iourtn, as shown lh
drawing, and is desirous of dividing
the remainder Into four fields, nil of
equal size and shape. How will he
do ItT
The drawing shows how the farmer
divided the land outside the piece In
the upper left hand corner so as to
Solution of Farmer's Puzzle.
make the remainder Into (our fields
of equal size and shape.
RIDDLES.
Why Is a vain young lady like a
confirmed drunkard T
Because neither of them Is satisfied
with a moderate use of the glass.
Why Is a dog biting his own tall
like a good manager T
Because he makes both ends meet
Make five less by adding to It
rv.
What trees flourish best upon the
hearth?
Ashes.
What Is the difference between a
cloud and a whipped child T
On pours with rain, and tha other
roars with pain.
What la the difference between a
Jeweler and a Jallert "
One sells watches, and the other
watches calls.
-
What Is It that Adam never saw,
never possessed, and yet be ga' two
to each of his children T
Parent,
InTOE F LEPERS
Lej?er.
IT IS a clear night on Molokal. The
full tropical moon sheds a serene
light over a landscape dotted with
little white cottages, from whose
windows come a gleam of mellow
radiance. A mild breeze from the
salty stretches of the open sea blows
Inland, gently rustling the leaves of
the cocoa palms and cottonwoods and
fanning the cheeks of the people with
a welcome coolness. The silvery radi-
ance of the moonlight accentuates
the silence till the hum of hushed
voices in quiet conversation Is quite
audible to him who listens. There Is a
great peace a great quiet In the at
mosphere, something different hard
to explain, but beautifuL Its presence
Oils the heart with wonder that the
world is so good, so kind a place to
live In, and Instills Into the soul un-
altering faith that much better, much
greater things must surely be In store
(or us out there beyond after this great
life has been left behind.
In a quiet veranda corner overlook
ing the silver ripples of the sea are a
dozen men and women, lounging In
comfortable wicker chairs, speaking at
Intervals, but mostly silent in attention
to the voices of the night. One of the
party is a younger man. He joined his
frfends as late as two years previous,
and he knows much more of that great
worljj out there beyond the waves than
they.
The hillsides have become a check-
trboard of silver and jet and the roofs
of the cottages are plated with won
Serful silver. There Is quiet laughter
from the party on the veranda and
From somewhere out under the trees
come the low notes of a woman's voice,
which ceases, calling forth a deeper
echo. Lovers.
A sudden veering of the wind bears
jp afresh the ceaseless wash of the
waves upon their countless rocks and
the sound of eternal roaring as they
fruitlessly exhaust their force upon
:he unflinching faces of the cliff. The
wind settles. The moon moves on.
from afar off are heard the voices of
Druso and Tettrazinl as they join
with, others In the great Sextet from
'Lucia" played on a phonograph. One
by one the lights go out, the parties
break up and all Is quiet. Molokal Is
ileeplng sleeping the sleep of the
lust, the pure in heart, the weary of
body and you are alone with the
noonllght, the breeze and the restless
waves, , . .
Life on the Island.
Peace and quiet and happiness, beau
ty, cleanliness and contentment, work
flay and study there is probably not
ne person in a thousand who asso
slates these with Molokal. Island of
epers. How can there be aught but
lorror and loneliness and heartbreak,
rou ask, where people are 111 loath,
lomely ill and cut off forever from
Mends and home ties? Well, that can
nly be answered by one who has lived
imong these outcasts, studied their
ways and discovered their nntnt of
Flew. Not long ago Albert J. Arroll,
in American passed two weak 11
Ibddv davs he states as the
be superintendent of the taland, and
lome or the facts which most Im
pressed Mr. Arroll are retold In this
trtlcle. In the first place he discovered
!hat Molokal Is a beautiful prison, that
a, the part of the island Inhabited hv
ihe lepers a plain, well watered and
rleldlng nourishment for every con-
leivable form of plant life. The coast,
is is well known. Is stormv and rv.
lonnd and looking Inland from the set
lement which Is situated upon a ver
lant peninsula the Island Is sees to
rtse higher as the eve recedes nntn
Ihe vision Is terminated by an lmpas-
tame wail or mountains which tower
bousands of feet above the sea. No
nan has ever scaled these neaka nn
me has ever crossed them.
Of the 1.000 BOUls Who Inhahtt tn.
sland 500 have no external mark hv
rhlch It could be suspected that they
ire otner man perfectly healthy. Four
uindred hare some mark a spot, a
Band
boil, a ulcer, which is - carefully
dressed each day, or other minor Indi
cation of the disease. Fifty are ex
'rerne cases, people in the last stages
of leprosy, but they are confined in a
hospital in a secluded nook, where
they are never seen by any one save
their nurses and the priests. They
have attendants, physicians, Japanese
nurses, books, music and everything
that will hdlp to cheer along the drag
ging days until death may come, a
welcome visitor, to release their suf
fering spirits from a useless and mu
tilated body. Fifty more are superin
tendents, nurBes, .physicians, priests
and directors, all In perfect health all
devoted to the work of making Molo
Ai a place of love.
Children of Lepers.
If a man Is sent to Molokal, no mat
ter what his station in life may have
been, he Is given one acre of good
ground, farm Implements, clothing,
food, a two-room cottage picturesquely
built and whitewashed, a cow and
sometimes a horse.
If he chooses to stay on the farm
he gets all he raises, and receives all
he needs from the government stores.
All of then! have plenty of meat, rice,
imported foodstuffs and sufficient
clothing. They spade the ground by
hand and cultivate by hand, for the
reason that it takes up more time.
Time is the least valuable thing In the
world at Molokal. The only difficulty
Is how to find some way to waste it
faster so that It may not hang heavily
upon the heads of the lepers, giving
them opportunity to think of their
doom.
Perhaps the most Interesting organ
ization in the Island Is the Amateur
Dramatic society which puts before its
intelligent audiences nlav hv Rh.to.
speare, Sudermann, Clyde Fitch, Ibsen
ua onaw. Mr. Arroll says that these
plays are cresented with nn
artistic interpretation which are really
wuuuenui. .
Few persons realize the tnot ht .
child born of leprous parents bears ab
solutely no hereditary taint Because
of this the lepers are allowed to marry
if they wish, and if a child Is born to
them It Is taken immediately upon Its
arrival In the world. Dlaced
of Japanese nurses and brought up
wuuoui ever coming into contact with
lepers. The child so bom u
mltted to see or to know its parents
but after remaining In the settlement
until it has attained the
more years . it is carefully examined,
and then sent to live with its relatives,
on the mainland. Stranre and
sible as it may seem, for the finest set
eniisis nave wondered at it and failed
to find a reason, never has there a case
been known where mrh mm v...
developed any trace of leprosy. Soma
of the finest men in the various walks
of life In Hawaii and in other parts of
the world are children one or both of'
whose parents had lenrnav at th -..
of their birth.
Since the discovery that lenrnav i
no more contagious than blood poison
ing. It has not been an hard a to.k
get doctors, nurses, priests, superln.
leuuenis ana storekeepers to go to the
settlement esDedaiiv Bin. ,... -
liberty to return to their own people
at any time upon submitting to a rigid
physical examination.
Lepers outcasts. Yes. th i.rm. ...
synonymous In the sense that these af
flicted people may not ever ratnr.
"" s.i-ju civilization, that they
.ureTer separated from their
homes and . friend
uTBr, m me sense that they are neg
lected in the tiniest detail of their
lives, or that they suffer tnr iv
sympathy or tender compassion.
Their Advantage.
"Opera singers are not aftWoj v. .
the high cost of living."
"Why aren't they?"
"Because they can get anythln for .
a song."