Men in fa Engine Room
3-W
7
1i l I
W'mfm if
JTA&BQA&D ENGINEDF
FREIGHT on a sailing ship from
New York to London used to be
14 shillings a quarter of wheat;
now It is Just over a philling a
quarter by steamer from New
York to Liverpool. Not all of the en
gineering which has brought about
this result has been done In the draw
ing office and the factory. Much of It
has been done by workingmen who
took the raw inventions out to sea,
struggled with their crudities and put
the needful improvements into the
minds of the designers ashore. In big
ships and little the process is going on
and it is a stern one still in spite of
modern refinements. In the old days,
When boiler pressures were so low
that a steamer had to slow down to
raise enough steam to whistle with,
an upholstered settee was often pro
Tided In the engine room for the use
of the man on watch, so that he need,
not stand more than was absolutely
necessary. Today It is probable that
not one seagoing vessel could show
such a thing. A man who cannot walk
about for four hours In the tempera
ture of a Turkish bath is not wanted
now.
While the ship is at sea all the en
gineers except the chief keep two
watches of four hours each In the
twenty-four. The same man always
has the same hours. The third engi
neer takes the 12 to 4 a. m. and p. m.
watch, the second takes the 4 to 8 and
the chief's watch, 8 to 12, la taken by
the fourth engineer, or by the donkey
man, If there are only three engineers
carried. In this case the chief Is al
ways within call. The duties of watch
keeping largely lie in seeing that this
or that does not happen. As well as
the main engines there are the pumps
and other auxiliary machinery and the
boilers always seeking to go wrong If
given a chance. Then In port all
hands are busy with the adjustments
that have been noted down as neces
sary while the ship was steaming,
and these entail the handling of tre
mendous weights with band tackle on
ly. Such work does not seem very for
midable, perhaps, but seagoing engi
neers know that Commander Willettn,
U. S. N., spoke truly of their work
when he told the American Institute
of Naval Engineers that "It requires
the most strenuous and exacting atten-
ORIGIN OF FAMOUS PHRASE
Belief that Common .Political Term
Sprang From a Horse Race Held
' In Tennessee.
Tb9 political term "dark horse" Is
thought to have had its origin in the
following circumstances:
In the last century there lived in
Tennessee a "character" named Flynn,
an elderly person who dealt In horses.
Flynn generally contrived to own a
speedy nag or two for racing purposes
If he could arrange for "a goodhing"
during his peregrinations throughout
the state.
The best of Flynn's flyers was a
coal black stallion named Dusky Pete,
almost a thoroughbred and able to go
In the best of company.
One day Flynn visited a town where
a race meeting was In progress. He
entered Pete. The people, knowing
nothing of the horse's antecedents and
not being over impressed by his ap
pearance, backed the local favorite
heavily against the stranger. ,
' Just, as the beasts were bring sad
414 for the race, a certain Judgt Mo
1 3
MODERN" 1TNER
tion of any known pursuit, and, while
requiring skill and intelligence to ao
complish well. It has to be performed
under such severe stresses and In such
dirt and heat as to rob it of all interest
except In its speedy completion.
In the Silent Hours.
An engineer does not readily forget
his first voyage or that first night in
the "graveyard" watch (12 to 4 a. m.)
when he sat on a bucket to considpr
the novelty of his surroundings and re
vue tne neat, and woke up from a few
seconds of -troubled sleep to find the
chief engineer vigorously kicking the
bucket away from under him. In a
few weeks he becomes ashamed of
wanting to sit, even in the tropics;
but he has not conquered human weak
ness even then, for after a few voy
ages nature will have provided him
with the trick of sleeping while he
solemnly paces the engine room. Usu
ally this only happens after a spell of
exhausting labor, such as is conse
quent on breakdowns, and usually it
only lasts until he walks into the boiler-room
bulkhead and wakes, feeling
foolish and "uncanny, after, perhaps,
fifteen seconds of Jerky somnambula
tion. Then he learns to keep a bucket
of cold water handy to dip his head in
to, and the same intelligence that con
trives this antidote warns him that It
were unwise to mention the circum
stance in the messroom. Indeed, a
hint of even feeling sleepy is as hor
rifying to the ear as the smell of a
heated bearing Is to the nostril. A
hot bearing once smelt Is never for
gotten. It is not bv anv mpnn n
overpowering smell Just burning oil
dui to tne man on whose watch It
occurs it reeks of certain
When he has eased the engines and
nears the other engineers warned by
the change of sneed. comlne t
down the ladders, while he is franti
cally searching for the source of the
Smell he WOUld elve five veara nf Ma
life to undo the oversight of the last
Ave minutes.
Desclpllne in the merchant Horvlra
begins well enoueh at the ton hut it
does not work all the way down. It
stops at the lowest grade of man who
has a certificate to lose, the liinlor en.
gineer. In the evidence at a recent
nautical Inquiry one read of a man
Mlnamee, who was the "oracle" of
mat part of the state, arrived on the
course and was made one of the race
Judges.
As he took his place on the stand he
was told of the folly of the owner of
the strange entry. Running his eye
over the track the Judge instantly rec
ognized Pete. "Gentlemen," said Mc
Mlnamee, "there's a dark horse in this
race, as you'll soon find out."
He was right. Pete, "the dark horse,"
lay back until the three-quarter pole
was reached, when he went to the
front with a rush and won the race.
' Built Ships In the Woods.
In Colonial days the shipping for
our home trade and for sale abroad
was built chiefly In the district of
Maine and In New Hampshire. These
two colonies built rather more than
one-half the entire American tonnage
in the days immediately preceding
the Revolution. The older ports
could not compete with the new set
tlements amd the timber.
When the great trees had been ex
hausted on the river, banks, gangs
of shipwrights went a mil) or two
vJJf s. h if ? Mi?
si y fWfc . :l ..v
1
smilingly Informing tha
was ashore having a last drink while
he should have been on board joining
In boat drill. A Junior officer or en
gineer, dare not do such a thing. The
law and the owners deal severely with
him. He Is supposed to behave with
naval obedience himself, while his
own authority Is frequently flouted by
those nominally at his command. Any
thing less like the navy could scarcely
be Imagined. The idea that engineers
are given to chastising firemen with
any handy weapon is often found in
fiction. It is fiction. In real life disci
pline below decks depends almost en
tirely on the good nature of the fire
men. .
Surroundings Are Degrading.
Socially the merchant service engi
neer is equally remote from the naval
type. His accommodation does not
often rise above the level set by oil
clothed tables and kitchen cutlery.
Such conditions have not an expand
ing effect on- the intellect. His conver
sation in the messroom is commonly
personal and bitter. If he comes from
the "upper middle classes" his rela
tives too often find him morose at 40,
or vulgarized, or disappeared altogeth
er from their ken. If he resists the
social influence of his environment the
result is often a curious mental com
bativeness which seems to arise out
of the well nigh incompatible require
ments that he is supposed to meet
an artisan with supposedly the pres
tige of a lieutenant and actually less
authority than a corporal. The better
educated men strive to rise above sea
faring. Examinations must be passed
and they can only be entered for by
men with a certain amount of sea serv
ice to their credit. Twelve months at
least must be passed at sea to enable
a man to go up for a second class cer
tificate of competency that is to say,
the certificate which legally qualifies
him to act as a second engineer or
on a very small ship as chief engineer.
Alter oDtaming that he must serve an
other year as engineer in regular
charge of a watch on board an ocean
going steamship before he may sit for
his first class certificate, which on.
ables him to sign on as chief engineer
oi any sort oi vessel, rrom an excur
sion steamer to the last thing in At
lantic flyers.
When he is "up for second" he has
to nick out the answers to nnutinm
about, say. the temneraturA nf tKo hn
well under imaginary and distressing
conditions aear 10 tne hearts of ex
cous laughing nights ashore and of
aays ot anxious vigilance over racing
engines, when the propeller would h
flung clear of the wintry western
ocean ana the ship quiver as though
from earthquake. When he is "up for
cnier he is set more difficult ques
tions, but still not beyond the reach of
simple arithmetic. If he asDlrea tn
the honorary examinations
chief" it Is called the questions be
come more academic, and he unlorkn
the brain cell which contains th int.
gral calculus. The calculus Is prob
ably stored next to visitors of the most
important objects which it is to
achieve for him a surveyorshlp or
superlntendentship ashore, a nice lit
tle home In Forest Gate or North
Shields, and wifely companlonshin im.
broken by voyaging, or perhaps the
protection ot a widowed mother.
The Japanese Houaa.
The new members of the hnns f
representatives are classified in th-
following occupations: Barristers 49.
bankers 43, farmers 42. journalists so
merchants 27, ex-government officials
8. government officials 8. trnrWa i
land owners 3, cattle breeders 3,'
weavers z, ex-uuatmist priests 3, edu
cationalists 2, printers 2, notary pub
lic, tea trader, sake brewer timh
merchant, communal mayor, transport
agent,, notei proprietor, marine prod
ucts trader. 1 each; while those hav
ing no fixed occupation number 153.
Japan Weekly Mall.
To a Finish.
Poet (to his wife) "Now. let's hava
a race and see whether you finish
your cake first or I my sonnet."
Fliegende Blaetter.
Into the forests, and here on the up
lands they would build a vessel of
100 tons or more, mount her on strong
sledges of timber, hitch on a team
of 200 oxen and drag it n one steady
pull over the snow to the frozen sur
face of a navigable stream.
Such a team of oxen would be a
quarter of a mile long, and it took
the teamstershlp of a major general
to start them all at once. It was
called "raising them." and this work
once done nothing must stop them till
the ship rested on the ice
Very Unusual.
"From Chicago, isn't she?"
"Yes. A verv unnfimi
-, ----- "umun. Bn8
has such remarkable luck in keenin
her help." "
"How's that?"
"Why she told ma ah ho u...
bands and only one cook."
Undeslred Superlative. -He-If
you'd only consent to mam
me you would help to make me a bet
ter man.
She I can't do that; but I'd be will
Ing to help make yet: a best man.
iff
SHE BLAMES "SPIRIT WIFE"
Mrs. William Phelps Dcdgo Divorced
Husband Because Uncanny In
fluence Ruled Him.
The uncanny influence of a "spirli
wife" is said to have been responsible
for the divorce action which Mrs. W'U
Ham Phelps Dodge has just won
against her millionaire husband.
The decree, which was signed in
Philadelphia, would have been grant
ed several weeks Bgo, it Is under
stood, but the judge wanted to make
a longer Investigation of the unusual
charges brought by the girl wife of
the widely known author and lawyer.
According to the papers in the case,
Mr. Dodge, who Is forty-eight years
old, met his young bride here at Sher-
I rv'n nn elonttnn nttrht 10.no. onI
on Impetuous wooing, married her In
London on January 10, 1910.
Prior to that time she and her sis
ter had been in the chorus of "Ha
vana," a musical comedy playing at
the Casino.
Despite the difference in their ages
the bride was only eighteen the
couple lived happily for a couple of
months after the wedding. Then Mrs.
Dodge charges that the 'spirit or Mr.
Dodge's first wife, Ethel, appeared be
fore him and began to "pick on" her
successor.
Young Mrs. Dodge said that when
ever she wore a Jewel, a veil or any
thing that the first Mrs. Dodge had
possessed, the latter's spirit would ap
pear before her husband and demand
that he have it removed at once.
And, according to the girl-wife, the
spirit-wife was always obeyed.
This treatment got on the nerves of
the youthful Mrs. Dodge finally, and
she packed up and returned to this
country, leaving Mr. Dodge In London.
Immediately on her arrival here, Bha
applied for the divorce through her
mother, as guardian, and charged that
cruel, barbarous and Inhuman treat
ment had been inflicted upon her by
her husband. New York Eveninp
MalL
Red Cross Ball Blue pivos double value for your
money, goes twice as far as any other. Ask your
grocer.
Show Yourself.
Little Marjorle was showing her
new birthday toys to grandpa, when
her mother told the girl to let grandpa
show them to himself. Marjorle was
unwilling to do this because she
wished to do the exhibiting. Then an
idea struck her. "Here, grandpa," she
said, handing him a toy at a time as
sho spoke, "show yourself my dolly,
Bhow yourself my blocks." And thus
she went through the collection.
Tudge.
The Best Way.
A correspondent wants to know how
to pronounce Chihuahua. The best way
Is to say Chy-hewa-hewa and then laugh
is through you knew better. If it Is
Hone artistically you can get away
with It nearly every time. The same
treatment has been frequently applied
V) decollete with great success.
To Breal' In New Shoes.
Always ahake In AUcn'r Foot-Ease, apowrter.
.t euros hot, sweating, aolilnu, swollen feet,
i.uri-s ponin, lnrowniK naile and bullions. At
U ilriigitims anil shoe Mercs, 2"ic. Dont accent
inyauustlttite. Sample mallMlFREK. AdUresi
Mleu s. Olmsted, U Kov. N. Y.
The Wandering Jew.
Matthew Paris and Roger Wendovcr
Identified the Wander Jew as Carta
phllus, a porter in the household of
Pontius Pilate. Other authorities
Identify him as Ahaauerus, a cobbler ;
of Jerusalem. The legend Is far older
than the eventB which it proposes as
Its central feature. In the course of
its popularity throughout tho middle J
ages it has acquired many foreign ele- i
TMuts by accretion.
Mothers will find ?Ir. Wlnilowi Sonthlna
Syrup the beat remedy to uso lor lueit cuiidrej
curing t .a tuetiilug ocrlod.
Preserving the Beaver.
The efforts to prevent the extermi
nation of the beaver In the Adiron
dacks have been bo successful that
there are now more than twenty large
beaver colonies on the Raqtiette river
alone, and there Is fear of serious
damage to poplar timber through the
activities of th h"r Httlo fellows.
Need of Greater Production.
If every Immigrant that shall enter
the porta of the United States and
Canada during the next decade were to
engage in cultivation of the soil th
production resulting would be none too
great for the reasonable needs of the
people who have to be supplied. New
York Sun.
Treachery In Kansas. '
A great many people spend all theli
time talking and call It fighting lor
principle. Emporia duett.
REDUCE YOUR LIVING EXPENSES
Eat Golden Ceml Food and recommend them to your aeqnalnt
ancea. You get better quality and more for your money. They an
mude In your home etata from tha best Oregon Oata and Wheat.
Large packagea contain a Handsome Franium and all gooda ara
guaranteed. Ask your grocer.
Golden Rod Oats. Golden Rod Pancake Flour.
Golden Rod Wheat Flakes. Ralston Select Bran.
Golden Rod Wheat Nuts. Golden Rod Chick Food.
-Portland, Oregon
J m.um1 1.71 Ulrit 1 a I M
himflf RiriaNnf fi. .1-1.. d.-.i.q-i i .
w.'iiw icpimroi J
CUtiata, Aeadtmlo ana EUminUry Diptrtauata,
atatla, Art, Elooatlon, OymnaiUm.
For catalog addreian THE 8ISTER tiUfEIUOR
Office 30, St. Helens Hall
Price of Ignorance.
Many children are never taught t
think and to reason out every ques
tion in a fair-minded, reasoning man
ner. That is why we meet with and
Buffer from so ninny unreasonable and
unreasoning men and women . . .
who are governed by prejudice, im
pulse and personal feelings, instead
of by thoughtful and careful consider
ation. They do not see what is right
because they do not know how to
Judge without prejudice. Our Four
Footed Friends.
Professional Toastmaster.
Probably the most exclusive and
myterlous profession is that of the
toastmaster at a banquet. It is not
an all day job, but the function of tha
supreme man, who can dominate a
babbling assembly, anxious for food,
and hold them with "Pray, my lords,
ladles and gentlemen, silence for
grace by " and the reverend gen
tleman gets up and bleats under the
patronage of the toastmaster. London
Chronicle.
Be thrifty on little thlnirs like bluing. Don't ae,
copt water for blutnR. Ask for Ked Cross Bull
Blue, the extra good value blue.
Walnut Tree as Bell Towel.
A church bell hung on a walnut
tree at Therfleld, England, which for
10 years had summoned the villagers
to divine service, has been taken down
and now forms part of a peal in the
oewly erected tower of the church.
When the present church was erected
a tower could not be built owing to
lack of funds and a bell from the old
church was hung on the walnut tree,
vhlch Is near tho church.
That Active Germ.
A single germ in a forty-quart can
of milk, if the conditions be favorable,
will divide once every half hour, so
that at the end of 24 hours it will
have Increased to 281,474,976,210,658.
At the end of the 24 hours one cublo
centimeter of the contaminated milk
would contain more than 7,438,000,000
germs. This Is the report made by
the New York Milk Committee in th
government's weekly publlo health re
rorts. What'B the use?
nAKV FIV VII I ED Blac.4 an...
J2 w.LI tract, and Vl l. M
, aw
Aim, IS eat, clean,
nrtiHtnftnittl, oouvrn
Innt, choup, Lut
all .vion. Matin of
met it I, can't pill or
tip over will not rmll
or Injure anything.
Oimranteed etTctiv
Bold by dtaUrti of
0 fmt prapuid for SL
HAH0LD BQldERo, liOUeKaJb Ave.. BrooUju, N. Y.
Prisoner Went on Strike.
A "one-man" strike occurred, not
long ago, in the Perth (West Aus
tralia) jail, when a man who is serv
ing a seven years' sentence and who
was employed In the tailoring room,
went on strike on the ground that h
wns competing unfairly with outside.
trade. Because of his unlonlstlc prin
ciples he was sentenced to three days
solltnry confinement, and was ordered
4o resume work.
For the
Hair
Arc you so fortunate as to
be well satisfied with your
hair? Is it long enough,
thick enough, rich enough?
And your hair does not fall
out? WeIl,weIl,thatisgood.
But you may know of some
not so fortunate. Then just
tell them about Ayer's Hair
Vigor. They will surelv thank
you alter using it. If not be
fore. Remember, it does
not color the hair. Show
the list of ingredients to
your doctor. Let him decide
their value. He knows.
ifaae by tha t. O. JT CO.. tewall. lraH.
P. N. U.
No. SS-!!
WHETI TMna; to acTertlaen. plaaaa aa