SPRAYING FOR CONTROL OF
INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES
Marked Increase Has Been Noted Wlthln'Past Decade Work
Largely Due to Work of Experiment Stations in
Demonstrating Effectiveness of Operation
and Profit Attending It
Some Injury.
By W. W. BONNS, Maine Agricultural
Experiment Station.)
The spraying of economic plants for
the control of Insect and fungous ene
mies has markedly Increased within
the past decade. This Is largely due
to the work of experiment stations In
demonstrating the effectiveness of the
operation and the profit attending It.
Great Improvements In spray machi
ery and materials have helped much
towards the adoption of spraying as
an annual farm operation, and espe
cially la this true of the fruit growing
industry. The progressive orchardist
today recognizes the necessity of
timely, thorough and intelligent appli
cation of insecticides and fungicides
in order to sell his fruit in the best
and most profitable markets.
The increase of spraying operations
has, however, been accompanied by
serious problems for the solution of
which the grower turns to the experi
menter. The use of bordeaux mixture,
for many years the standard orchard
spray, and even today recognized as
the best all-around funglc'de known,
has been accompanied by injury to
fruit and foliage.
Complaints of such injury have been
Increasing with each season and are
not confined to any section of the
country. The severity of the injury
varies in degree and in different sea
sons. It has long been known that
Lime Sulphur
Bordeaux mixture cannot be used with
safety on the peach and Japanese
perior to concentrated home made
stock solutions when these are prop
erly made and stored. The former
8
J.
; Hydrometer and Cylinder.
are, moreover, considerably more ex
plum when the tree is in leaf, although
Cordley and Cate report the use of
5-6-50 and 3-6-50 formulae on peach
foliage without injurious results.
PROTECTION FROM CUTWORM
v3fr f
To protect tomato and other plants
from the cutworm, take stiff paper
and mould It around a 3-inch shaft
fastening the edges with small tacks
making tubes 4 Inches Ions. These
Commercial lime-sulphur prepara
tions now on the market are not su
pensive. At present prices of mate
rial the home made concentrate can be
made at a cost of one-third to one
fourth that of an equal volume of a
commercial solution if the materials
are bought in quantity. This does
not include the original outlay for a
cooker and barrels for storage. The
commercial preparation is a conveni
ence, requiring nothing but a knowl
edge of its density before diluting.
The home made concentrate can be
made at any time and if properly bar
reled and kept from freezing can be
stored indefinitely. Home made lime
sulphur can also at present be made
cheaper than the home-prepared bor
deaux mixture, so far as cost of In
gredients are concerned. The choice
on grounds of economy is, therefore.
merely between the expenditure of
money or time and labor.
Home made boiled concentrated
lime-sulphur may be made as follows:
Sulphur 100 pounds
Lime, best grade 55 pounds
Water sufficient to make 60 gallons.
Slake the lime, mix the sulphur into
a thjn paste with a little water, add it
to the lime, add sufficient water to
make. 60 gallons, bring to a boll and
boil vigorously for 30 to 45 minutes.
The sediment Is then allowed to set
tle, after which the clear dark amber-
Cooker.
colored liquid is drawn off and may be
stored in casks for future use.
In making this solution a large Iron
kettle or cooker of some sort is neces
sary. A stock feed cooker of large
capacity will answer. Fig. 1 shows a
satisfactory form. The solution can
also be made with the use of direct
steam, and this means has been fre
quently employed when large quanti
ties of the material are made.
With our present knowledge, the
strength of lime-sulphur to use de
pends upon its density. This may be
determined by a cheap and " simple
instrument called,, the hydrometer.
This consists of a hollow glass tube,
Its lower end terminating in a weight-
ea duid itig. Z). Placing this in a
liquid, it sinks until the liquid dis
placed equals Its weight. In light so
lutions, therefore, it will sink deeper
than in heavy or dense ones. The
gradations to be read are marked on
the scale on the neck of the instru
ment and are in degrees Deaume, or
In terms of specific gravity. Some in
struments give both scales. The
Beaume is the one most generally
usea.
These instruments are absolutely
necessary for the proper use of lime
sulphur solutions.
Hog Cholera.
Over 10,000 swine have been InH
munized against -hog cholera by the
Ohio department of agriculture since
January 1, 1910.
tbnt- ftt t PoUniun of
profit piiot twm tvfWt0
can be placed around the plants as
Bhown In illustration.
- Pigeon . manure la
England from Egypt
Imported Into
il
GIRL LOST WAR FEVER
BALKED
WHEN
AT "3TR1J", ODER
TRYING TO ENLIST.
Uncle Sam's Inflexible Rule That All
Recruits Mutt Be Examined
Kept Girl From the Navy
'Fesses Up. ,
Omaha, Neb. Had it not been for
the Inflexible rule Uncle Sam has laid
down that every applicant for enlist
ment in the navy must submit to a
physical examination, Miss Helen
Akersas she gave her name, might
now be a sailor. As it is she has gone
to New York city, where she admits
her parents live, though she has not
seen them In three years.
, An Individual; apparently a young
man of medium height and slight of
build, walked Into the office of Lieu
tenant Downs here and applied for en
listment as Henry Akers.
Making half a dozen turns up and
down the examination room, "Henry's"
wind was tried out and pronounced ex
cellent "Now strip and we will finish with
you," commanded Lieutenant Downs.
Here the applicant broke down and
confessed that "he" was a girl; that
she was twenty-two years of age; that
she ran away from home In New York
four years ago, taking an assumed
name and had since passed as a man,
doing nearly every kind of work that
would be expected of a man, and that
her latest ambition was to become a
marine.
BATTLES BEAR BARE-HANDED
Drink Crazed Alaska Fisherman Was
Being Slowly Hugged to Death
When Saved.
Seattle, Wash. John Johnson, a
giant fisherman at Seldovla, Alaska,
became crazed from drink and at
tacked a three-year-old Kadiak bear
that was stealing his fish.
The half-crazed man challenged the
bear to a fight and bruin accepted. The
first round was decidedly the bear's
for three ribs were caved In in John
son's -side. This seemed to Infuriate
the big figsherman and he went after
the bear with his fists.
. Before distant fishermen and long
shoremen could reach the scene of the
fight, Johnson bad pummeled the big
bruin until both the bear's eyes were
closed. The bear was gradually get
ting a squeeze hold "on Johnson, how
ever, and had It not been for timely
Intervention the fisherman would have
been killed.
The bear met a match In tenacity
and was so blinded and'exhausted that
be was the easy victim of a man with
a long-bladed knife. . Johnson was
brought here for treatment at a local
hospital,
TALE OF HUNGER CURES HIM
Man Suffering From Dyspepsia and
8hunning Solid Food for Years
Regains Appetite.
Seattle, Wash. Reading a book on
Arctic exploration In which was de
picted the great hunger and suffering',. from one B,de over thJ
Df the scientists cured R. T. Strum of
dyspepsia, and he is rapidly regaining
a normal appetite.
For years Strum bad been unable to
eat anything but soup and a small
quantity of fruit. His body was wast
ed, and he was treated by physicians
in vain. Recently he obtained a copy
of a book on explorations in the polar
regions , and read it with more than
usual interest
The periods when the explorers
looked In vain for food to satisfy their
hunger, the sufferings from cold and
exposure, and the dealing out of ra
tions ounce by ounce, so revived the
long dormant stomach of Strum that
he felt himself recovering. He grew
hungry and ate meat for the first tlmf
In years.
Girl Starves In Desert.
San Francisco, Cal. After wander
ing In the Mojave desert for several
days without food or water, Maria Fer
rari, an Italian immigrant girl, has
been brought to the borne of her
brother here. Terrified by the mall
clous stories of Italians she met on
the Journey from New York, she
Jumped from a Santa Fe train near
Barstow, preferring to chance death
on the blazing sands of the Mojave
rather than face the terrible fate she
pictured awaiting her In San Fran
cisco. Dig for Captain Kid's Coin.
Boston, Mass. Under the gray walls
of Fort Independence, on Castle Island,
now one of Boston's most popular
parks, a treasure-hunting expedition,
by permission of the park commission
ers. Is seeking Captain Kldd's gold.
The exact spot on the northwest cor
ner of the Island where the treasure
Is hidden was revealed to Miss May
Klnnear In a dream. Miss Klnnear
did the dreaming and her brother
George Is doing the dinin
mm.
EW YORK. As the sea
son advances many
freakish styles In bats
are brought out Gen
erally the odd shapes
are Introduced early In
the season, but this year things are
different and the most eccentric crea
tions Imaginable are looming up on
all sides. Some are very coquettish,
while others are almost Impossible
except to the woman who goes In for
unusual effects. One of the recent in
novations is the witch's hat, which Is
shown In numerous variations and
modifications. The original shape,
however, is Identical with the tradi
tional old hag's big hat with wide,
floppy brim and high thimble-shaped
crown. Even the trimming follows the
lines of that seen In the story books.
A band of ribbon arranged In careless
loops at one side and perhaps a spray
of field flowers describes the best ex
ample of the modern witch's head
covering. .
An exceedingly becoming model of
the same character Is made of rough
straw in a soft shade of green. The
model Is wide In brim at the sides and
Is cut off at the back to show the hair
and at the front to show the fluffy
locks or straight bangs, as the case
may be. And by the way, the subject
of bangs Is being treated rather seri
ously by society. Many women are
having their tresses trimmed very
short with the
Idea of doing away
with waves during the hot
weather.
Sometimes a short, thin fringe of hair
to soften a high forehead is becoming
to long features. Round faces are
best framed with longer bangs slight
ly curled at the ends, and modern de
vices provide means for keeping them
In perfect curl, no matter how pene
trating the atmosphere may be.
The New Bonnets.
Some of the new bonnet shapes
have indentations at the back for the
coils or braids to show through, look
ing exactly like the pictures of our
pranrimnthpra' niminr hnntiAtn. If the
, fashion continues In high favor, cer
j tain fashions must change materially,
for It Is a long time Bince the coiffure
was allowed to make much of a shown
under the brim of the hat. These
picturesque little bonnet shapes are
daintily trimmed with wreaths and
garlands of tiny rosebuds, and often
the brims are faced with shirred chif
fon of the same shade as the flowers.
Sometimes big bows of pretty flow
ered ribbon are employed; then again
wide velvet ribbons will be the pre
ferred trimming when long stream
ers are allowed to float down the back
ear.
The girl who Is clever at making
ribbon bows Is always envied by her
associates. The art of bow tying, like
everything else, may be acquired by
practice, if it has not been a natural
gift. One of the chic decorations for
tailored hats Is wide sash ribbon
draped across the front and brought
directly across the back of the crown
and tied In a huge bow. Such bows
have many loops and are Irregular in
size. - Broad ribbons of all kinds ahe
extremely popular In fashionable mil
linery Just now. Gigantic bows made
of straw are well liked for simple
hats.
Another fetching ornament Is the
big pansy bow of lace tinted with the
several tones of the natural blossom.
An odd little shape In bronze straw
seen on a smartly dressed young
woman was decorated with a big
dragon fly with iridescent body and
tinted wings. The tissue forming the
wings shimmered In the sunlight, re
fleeting the natural shades of blues
and greens with now and then a dash
of deep pink or copper gleaming
through the wonderful blending of
shades. Still another model of the
close fitting order was In blue straw
and trimmed with a cluster of wings
arranged to represent a huge butter
fly. To make it more realistic the
green satin body of the Insect was
marked with black lines.
New and Smart Idea.
One of the recent creations Is the
chapeau with a cream colored canvas
crown and blue tagal brim that turns
slightly all around. A wide band and
big bow of velvet ribbon Is all the
trimming employed. On another
shape In the same establishment Is a
wreath of English daisies held to
gether with a pert little grsss bow.
The smartest hats this season are not
overloaded with trimmings. Such dec
orations as are used are sparing and
pat on in artistic fashion, which after
ON
' all Is the secret of success in all
garnishments. Tall bunches of wild
flowers at the back of the crown or
perhaps a trifle to the side, are one
of the striking effects that midsum
mer styles have Introduced.
The poke bonnet-bat has. arrived
with a vengeance and bids fair to be
one of the popular shapes for lace
summer. These quaint hats rest on
the head precisely the same way a
real poke bonnet does, giving exactly
the same effect, though the manner
of .trimming such hats is quite differ
ent from that of half a century ago.
Instead of the flat ribbon bows, big
ones with many loops are arranged at
the back, leaving the front perfectly
bare, or perhaps a tight band of rib
bon may be stretched across the low
er part of the close brim. A type of
poke bonnet that Is very fashionable
looks more like a part of a chimney
than a fashionable chapeau. It meas
ures, almost half a yard In height, la
narrow all the way and small at the
top. The shape Is worn so low over
the head that its extreme, height U
lost
An odd hat worn by a pretty wom
an the other day had a wide brim that
rolled up slightly all around. The
high crown was dome-shape. The
frame was made of white tagal and
the trimming consisted of a huge
bunch of tiger lilies that towered at
the right side with the long slender
foliage falling over the broad brim.
A becoming hat of similar style was
effectively trimmed with a cluster of
slipped ostrich feathers and a band
of the same plumage encircling the
crown. This hat was In cream-colored
straw and the feathers were that
lively new shade of green that la
nameless, but It Is between emerald
and apple green and an Ideal summer
shade.
Big picture bats are often trimmed
with rich uncurled ostrich feather
ornaments, which are arranged
straight upright at the side of the
crown like an aigrette. A handsome
model of this sort was of white os
trich feathers standing high at the
back. A grass green straw bat
trimmed with king blue uncurled
leathers attracted quite as much at
tention as did the one In coral and
white. Cerise feathers are found
among the popular trimmings for airy
hats, as are also bunches of cerise
wheat and grasses of all kinds, and
the brighter the tone the better.
lit