To Matte Poor Fnrm Rich.
"The progressive farmer rotates his
crops, lie tile-druliis his land. He
keeps dairy cows or mutton sheep or
both. lie breeds draft horses and does
farm work with brood mares and grow
ing colts. He improves the power of
the soil by growing legumes."
James Wilson, secretary of agricul
ture, In the above words sums up the
vital principles of good farming. He
declares that the people of the United
States have wasted their Inheritance of
bind and wood, and' the productiveness
of the soil near the great centers of
population has steadily decreased. We
have been a nation of soil robbers, but
there Is at lust an awakening slow but
sure.
Farmers of all sections are wanting
to know how to stop the lenks and in
crease the deposits of their business and
the government Is helping them In ninny
ways. There are over 0,000 persons
employed in the Department of Agri
culture and 2,000 of these are scientists,
nil working Intelligently toward help
ing the fanner solve the problems
which confront Mm. Them nre slyty
II ve lund grant colleges with 10,000 stu
dents In agriculture. These boys are
learning that rotation of crops is neces
sary, that live stock must be raised to
make manure, of which there is never
enough.
They are finding out that young
grasses and legumes are nature's per
fect ration for domestic animals. Milk
and meat and work are had more
cheaply from the pasture than from
other sources. Pasture hind Increases
as farm help becomes scarce. Mutton
sheep are suggested when labor Is dear.
Cultivated crops reduce' organic matter
In the soil and render It unfit for profit
able growing. ' Pasturing replaces or
ganic matter. When good crops of
grain or roots are wanted the pasture,
plowed and reduced In season, Is the
best place to get them. Western farm
ers lu the corn belt get their heavy
crops from pasture land.
With the help of improved machinery
the progressive Individual farmer is
producing much more than the average
fanner did a generation ago and men of
this class are keeping up the productive
qualltes of their farms.
The neglected lands of the eastern
mid middle states can be brought back
to their primitive frultfulness through
the aid of scientific farming. Secre
tary Wilson says they are the cheapest
land in the country and people wanting
homes who have saved a little capital
from their earnings or young men of
means nnd tastes for the Independent
life of the country will find rich oppor
tunities lu these lauds for profit and
usefulness.
IIciiiiivIiik Sapllnajs and Stamp.
In uprooting young trees a team of
holies or even a single horse with a
chain can do effective work. Rest re
sulls can be obtained where the growth
consists of saplings two to rour Inches
in diameter and where the root system
Is lateral. The plan Is to fasten one
end of the chain to the trunk ns high
above the ground as the flexibility of
STUMP WITH LATERAL BOOTS.
LTUOOT1NO A bAPLINU.
the tree will permit. While the horses
lire pulling at the tree a man should
sever the roots at the base. Stumps
of moderate size may also be pulled
with chains and horses. One end of the
chain should be fastened around a large
root as shown In the Illustration. 15y
placing the chain across the top of the
stump a leverage can be secured to
take full advantage of the strength of
the horses.
Fence I'oat Expense.
au annum lence post uill of more
than $1,250,000 Is one Item In the ex
pense account of the farmers of a sin.
gl agricultural State. It U estimated
that the formers of Iowa use posts bay
ing a value exceeding this enormous
sum each year to maintain the fences
on the 2j.Ooo.0OO acres of Improved land
in the State.
.In making these estimates. H. r.
Baker, professor of forestry In Iowa
Mute Agricultural College, figured that!
the farms of Iowa required 78,000,000 1
j pnsts for fences, or 2.000 to the square
mile. Placing the value of the posts at
15 cents. each, the cost of renewals ev
ery eight or nine years, which Is the
life of the post. Is $11,718,000, making
an annual bill for renewals of $1,405,
(XX).
Like many other farming States,
Iowa has a lack of fence post material, !
but there Is little excuse for this con
dition, according to the foresters who
have made studies In the State. A prop
erly managed forest plantation will
produce, when the trees have reached
post size. 3.500 posts three to five Inches
In diameter per acre; thus, It would
take 22.350 acres about every ten years
to grow the necessary posts to supply
the State. Iowa is said to have 200.
000 acres of planted timber, and yet th.e
fence post supply is insufficient. If
properly cared for, many of these plan
tations can be made to produce more
timber, and thus Insure the future post
supply.
These 200.000 acres are not at pfesent
furnishing the posts which it Is esti
mated can actually be grown on 22.350
acres of properly handled forest land.
Effect o( Rnral Delivery.
There is a veritable network of rural
routes out of nearly all of the town lw
this section of the State, and seldom
does one find a farmer who Is not
placed in a position to take advantage
of one. With present conditions exist
ing, the man on the -farm has the op
portunity to take his daily paper as the
one in town, and gets his mail some
times earlier than many of the resi
dents of the cities. There are rural
mall carriers and rural mail carriers
each one has his striking characterls-'
tic. The majority are favorites in
their particular field, and as a rule
the patrons of his route would not
trade him for any other man on an
other. The carrier and the farmer
lenm to know each other, and the coun
try visitor on bearing them greet each
other would say they were both "good
fellows." The man that carries the
mall should have a whole lot of credit.
He Is obliged to make the trip In all
kinds of weather and the best of pro
tections will not make the job an en
joyable one. Some time when he Is not
busy, let the reader talk a few min
utes to a rural mall carrier and he
will find that he Is In touch with ev
eryone on the route. Bloomlngton
(111.) Pantagrnph.
Graaa a Great Drinker.
When a man is dying of thirst give
him a drink of water. Whv not do the
same with grass? Why should grass be i
allowed to lie all day In the broiling ;
sun, Its parched tongue hanging out
without a drop? It must be dreadfully 1
thirsty about noon, or a little after;
yet It Is allowed to suffer till dusk
makes It agreeable for the gardener to
exhibit himself In gay attire with
hose. The gentleman gardener, the New
York commuter, looks mighty pretty In
rolled-up flannel trousers and an Indigo
shirt, canvas shoes and a 35-cent r.ina- j
ma chapeau. He pushes the mower, ' ul 1,l"""u;1 WW
ti, h, n,i fli.f- ,m, fi,'!conis: cover wltn cold water; simmer
lassies of the neighborhood, while the
grass Is dying. New York Press.
Bellevea in Mixed Farming.
I firmly believe In mixed farming, but
even then we must specialize on some
certain line of stock feeding and rota
tion of crops If we make a decided sue-,
cess of the business. Call It general
farming, but let's not cnll It mixed
farming. As grandfather used to say,;
He something. If you cannot be a lone- i
tailed rat, be a mouse." Have som
hobby, some kind of a crop or somt
kind of live stock and specialize on that
and make your other farming subservl.
ent to that one special crop or kind of
live stock feeding. We have too many
common mixed farmers. John C,
Barnes, Indiana.
Profitable Cattle.
A train load of cuttle sold in Omaha
recently for $20,000, being exactly $8 !
per hundred pounds for every Btoer on
board. These cattle were fattened on '.
a mixture of corn and alfalfa. To en
cournge feeders to take up the balanced
ration as best for cattle, the puckers
are to have exhibits at the National
Corn Exposition to be held In Oiuuhn
next December, and will show In the
cuts of meat the superiority of that
from alfulfa-corn fed steers. Enula
(Tex.) News.
Salt Purification.
Salt Is purified by melting In the new
and rapid English process. The crude
rock salt is fed automatically to a table
contained in a large furnace. Is then
fused and runs into troughs, from
which It Is drawn at one side of the
furnace into, large caldrons. Air Is
forced into the molten mass and-llino
Is added. The Impurities sink to the
bottom, and the upper portion Is ground ,
and screened while the lower part Is
used for chemical manure,
I IlJL2 . W II raft FX 1 151 I
Homemade Linoleum,
A good, strong linoleum may b
mntle from old Bru88'8 carpet thut hag
not been worn through, says Popular
Mechanics. Tack the carpet right sldo
down on the floor and then apply paint.
givln8 It a large number of coats, the
last few coats to be of the desired
color, allowing each coat , to dry well.
If the paint begins to' wear, apply a
fresh coat of paint. The effect of mo
saic tile may be produced by dotting
the last coat with different colors of
paint
Griddle Cake.
For those who have no waffle Iron a
recipe for delicate griddle cakes Is
given. Beat the white and yolk of an
egg separately. Add to the yolk on
cup of milk, one-quarter level teaspoon
ful of salt, and one and one-half cups
of sifted flour. Mix well, then add two
and one-half level teaspoonfuls of bak
ing powder, and beat hard with strokes
across the bowl. Fold the white of the
egg in lightly and cook on a hot griddle,
allowing one tablespoonful of batter to
each cake.
Mexican Rarebit.
Melt a tablesnoonful of butter In a
chafing dish. When well heated add
a tablespoonful of Mexican pepper pulp,
a half-teaspopnful of mustard and a
little salt To this add a half pound
of cheese cut In small pieces. When
the cheese Is melted stir in slowly three
or four teaspoonfuls of milk and then
add one beaten egg. The mixing should
be stirred constantly while cooking.
When sufficiently thickened, serve on
small squares of toasted bread.
A Tomato Sauce,
For a tomato sauce such as the chef
In one of the best hotels makes, melt
two tablespoonfuls of butter in a sauce
pan and cook In it half an onion cut
fine. .When the onion is yellow, add
two tablespoonfuls of flour and cook
until it is delicately browned. Then
turn 'In two cupfuls of tomatoes, a
small glass 'of wine, a bit of bay leaf,
two or three cloves, a bit of garlic, and
salt and paprika. Cook ten minutes,
strain and serve with baked fish.
Quick Co (Tee Cake.
Sift together one pint of flour, one
third of a cupful of sugar, three tea
spoonfuls of baking powder and half a
teaspoonful' each of salt and ground
cinnamon. Mix to a soft dough with
about half a cupful of milk stirred Into
a well-beaten egg. Add four table-
"P00"11"1 of so" Du"er, spread In a
sha,low Pnn' 8Prinkle with sugar mixed
With cinnamon and bake in a moderate
oven- Sorve tresh w,th coffee- Raisins
or currants may be added If desired.
Boiled Tonurne.
Have a fine pickled ox tongue, It
Very S"U 14 "? i" cold "ater for
?"e or wo hours b,fuforte cooklnS; P,,t
Into a stew pan with two carrots, one
nlon hunch ,of berb and P"'8
gently for about three hours ; remove
from the stew pan, take off the skin,
trim the roots, put a paper frill around
and serve on a hot dish.
Yorkahlre Padding.
Mix one cupful of flour with one
eighth of a tablespoonful of salt and
add one cupful of milk gradually to
form a 81uotn Paste, then add two eggs
beaten ulltn "Sht- Bake ,n 8em P"ns
greaseo. witn rat from tne roast, ana
baste" with the fat after the pudding
is fully risen. Serve around the roast.
Th!s PlldllnB is often baked in a drip,
Plu6 P and cut in squares to serve.
Flexible Glne.
According to Power, a flexible glue
for attaching leather to metals may be
made by adding one part of Venetian
turpentine to four parts of glue. The
mass Is heated In a glue pot as usual
Bnt1' 11 becomes sticky and ceases to
B'v ofr bubbles. It works best when
fresh.
naked Codfish Haah.
To each cup of finely flaked and
freshened codfish allow two cups of
chopped cold potatoes; mix In two ta
blespoons of melted butter nnd one cup
of milk ; pack In a buttered pan, cover
and bake thirty minutes.
Fried Salt Codflah.
Cut the fish In squares and soak in
cold water over nigbt, dry on a cloth
and dip each square In beaten egg, to
which has been added one tablespoon
of cream ; roll the fish in flour and fry
a golden brown In hot fat.
Bntter Scotch.
Two cupfuls of sugar, two table
spoonfuls of water, a piece of matter
tne b1m of an 6". 8011 without stir-.
rlnS unt" " bardons on a spoon. Pour
out on buttered plates to cool.
DOQ TEAMS BEAT HOUSES.
ttoat Reliable Meana of Tranaporl
la Northern Michigan.
A dog owner who takes great pride
in the breed and smartness of his
teams is the elty treasurer of the
"Soo," J. I. Deadman. He has six of
the finest dogs In the upper peninsula,
and drives thein almost dally during
the winter months. Ills trips extend
as far as St. Ignace, Detour and ether
p.'lnts within a hundred miles of the
"Soo."' Last winter he made a trip to
St Igmice, stopping over night on the
way, and covered a distance of sixty
fire miles In five and.one-half hours by
ctual time on the road.
Mr. Deadman la a veterinary sur
geon by profession, and be uses bis
dog team in respondlu to all calls
which take him out luti the snow cov
ered cnuiiiry. Wrapped up in a huge
fur overcoat, and with a buflalo robe
tocked around him he starts out with
his six dogs In the fiercest storms in
the coldest weather, and will pass any
team of horses on the road. In mak
ing a long Journey, with favorable con
ditions, bis dogs will keep up a pace
af ten' miles an hour and wear down
ny horses.
In fact, the dog is the most reliable
means of transport through the upper
peninsula of Michigan in the long win
ters, and civilization has not been able
to retire him along with vanished rel
ics of the older and ruder times. The
dog team has kept Its place In the life
of the community ever since the days
when these teams were the only means
of communication with the outside
world for five months of the year.
Outing Magazine.
(EOUKKES,
Glass Is made Iridescent by being
exposed, in a red-hot condition, to the
fumes of salt and of tin, barium and
strontium. lied Is produced by the
Btrontia, blue by the baryta and bluish
white by the tin. In ancient glass, I
which is more opaque, Iridescence Is
due to partial decay. j
It having been urged as a possible
objection to the setting apart of forest
reserves on the great Western plains
that the huge buffalo wolf, or "timber
wolf," would take advantage of them
to breed In security, Mr. Vernon Bailey
recently gave before the Biological So
ciety of Washington an account of his
observations of the habits of these
wolves, which were undertaken, lu
part, for the purpose of learning to
what extent the animals are harbored
by the forests. His conclusions are re
assuring, since he shows that although
the wolf dens are found In the open
and on the edge of the forest, none
exist In the timber.
In the scout cruiser Salem the Uni
ted States possesses the fastest war
ship afloat. In the recent government
standardization trial over the measured
mile course off Rockland, Me., this
handsome vessel was driven at a max
imum speed of 20.83 knots and at an
average speed for five runs over the
mile course of 25.05 knots. The Salem
Is equipped with Curtis turbines, a
type which has been developed In this!
country. The Chester, a sister ship, Is
conceded to be the second fastest war
ship afloat. Reports from across the
ocean that the British Indomitable
reached faster speed than these are
said to be lacking in verification.
Messrs. C. A. Pafsons and A. a.
Campbell Swinton described before the
Royal Society in London recently the
transformation of a diamond into a
blnck coal-like mass by the action of
cathode raps In a high vacuum. The
diamond first became red, and then In
tensely white-hot, and finally, at 11,200
volts and 4S milllamperes, It disinte
grated, Increased considerably In vol
ume, and assumed the appearance and
consistency of coke. The temperature
at the time of disintegration was esti
mated to be 1,890 degrees Centigrade.
Differences were observed In the spec
tra of the gases in the vacuum tube
before and after the operation, but
they were not sufficiently marked to
determine with exactitude any varia
tion In the nature of the gases.
At a meeting of the Philosophical So
clety of Washington, Dr. J. W. Spencer
presented many new and surprising
facts about the Niagara river below
the falls. Soundings have recently been
made at points where such work was
supposed to be Impossible. A self-registering
buoy was repeatedly sent over
the falls. On one occasion It struck
the fallen rocks at a depth of only 72
feet; but lower down the depth was
found to be between 84 and 100 feet.
In a lateral channel the depth found
was 192 feet. A depth of 180 feet was
repeatedly found near the cantilever
bridge, two miles below the falls. In
the whirlpool rapids a sounding of 120
feet was obtained. Below the rapids
a narrow channel was discovered, 183
feet In depth, being 181 feet below the
level of Lake Ontario. It must have
been formed when the lake lay about
ISO feet below Its present level,
Advice.
"Never marry a man to reform him,
my dear," counseled Aunt Hephzibah. "It
you do reform him he'll bate you for it,
and if you don't you'll always be pitying
yourself for having married a man who
wasn't good enough for you."
f
FITC &t Vita Danes and erroaa DlseaaM parma
I 1 1 J BfBtlf carta by Dr. l -tne'i Great Narva He.
ftorer. Send for FREE t J 00 trial bottle and treat I ne.
Iir. B. H. Kline, hi., Ml Arch St., Philadelphia, Fa.
Rebuking HI Preeumptlon.
The proud beauty eyed bim with regal
(corn.
"I have told you before, Mr. Jordle,"
she said, "that the difference in our so-'
cial position makes it exceedingly pre
sumptuous on your part even to hint at a
possible marriage between us. If you can't
talk to me without doing the sentimental
stunt just keep your face closed, will
you?"
Utterly crushed, the young man prom
ised to be good, and Bhe laid her golden
brown head down on his shoulder again,
Itema ot Interest.
Chattel mortgaged.
Bonds.
Promissory notes.
Pawnshops.
Loans. Toledo Blade.
Mothers will find Mr. Wlnslow'g Boothtni
Byrup the best remedy to use ioz their ch.'ldi'W
luring the teething period.
Apportioning the Year.
Now strolls the youth beside the aef,
Vo longer grimly thrifty,
Fr just two weeks vacation he
Must save up coin for fifty.
Washington Stvf -
' Defined.
"Uncle Henry, what are pajamas?"
"Pajamas my bov, are the masculins
substitute for the bloomer costume."
Shake Into Your Shoes x
Allen's Foot-Ease, a powder for the feet. It cures
painful, swollen, smarting, sweating feet. Makes
new shoes easy. Sold by all Druggists and Shoa
Stores. Don't accept nny substitute. Sample'
FREE. Address A. S. Olmsted, Le Roy, N. Y.
Gen. Corbln Likes Old Clothes.
Ever see Gen. Corbin's old shoes? lie
bad them made four years ago when be
went to the Philippines, and he's wearing
'em yet. They're great. The general de
tests a new pair of shoes or a new suit
of clothes. A young fellow came along to
his place near Washington recently and
said :
"Sir, I don't want to ask for money,
but I would be grateful If you would give
me an old suit of clothes."
"Not by a good sight," said the general,
"but there is a new suit inside you can
have." New York Sun.
Caturrn Cannot be Cured
with LOCAL APPLICATIONS, as they cannot
reach the seat of the diseuse. Catarrh Is a blood
or constitutional di ease, and in order -o cure
It you must take internal remedies. Hall's
Catarrh Cure Is taken internally, and acts di
J?? ft upon the blood and mucous surfaces.
Hall s Catarrh Cure is not a quack medicine.
It wan prescribed by one of the best physicians
Sim L0Uin,ta 'or yendis a regular pre
crlptlon. It Is composed of the best tonics
Derfefr. K " ".? the. m,'"," rfaces. The
whl -.ISmblna,,,J.110' heo ingredients is
Tmr rf,., kV". wonderful results in cur
ing Catarrh Send for testimonials free.
sJV'1" 4 ro- PrP"-. Toledo, O.
Sold by Drnptrl.ts, price 7.V
Take Hall's Family Pills for constipation.
Seeking a Fitting; Environment.
Mrs. Uaynor Your brother Algy is
going to spend the rest of the summer in
a logging camp, is he? What is his idea
in doing that?
Mrs. Shyne The poor boy has taken
a notion that he wants to wear a French
beard, and he's going there to try to raise
the necessary foundation for it.
Tta Faulty Conatrnetlon,
"I yias away up in front," Mrs. Lap
sling was saying, "and yet I couldn't
hear half the actors said. I tell you
there's something wrong with the agnostic
properties of 4hat theater." Chicago
Tribune.
KASPARILLA
TLts sterling household remedy is most
successfully prescribed for a "world of
troubles." For derangements of the di
gestive organs it is a natural corrective,
operating directly upon the liver and ali
mentary canal, gently but persistently
stimulating a healthful activity. Its
beneficial influence extends, however, to
every portion of the system, aiding in the
processes of digestion and assimilation of
food, promoting a wholesome, natural
appetite, correcting sour stomach, bad
breath, irregularities of the bowels, con
stipation and the long list of troubles
directly traceable to those unwholesome
conditions. Kasparilla dispels drowsi
ness, headache, backache and despond
ency due to inactivity of the liver,
kidneys and digestive tract. It is a
strengthening tonic of the highest value.
If it fails to satisfy we authorize all
dealers to refund the purchase price.
Hoyt Chemical Co. Portland, Oregon
CRESCENT
EGG-PHOSPHATE
BAKING POWDER
A modern leavener at
a moderate price; is 30
per cent, more efficient
than "''Trust" or Creara-of-Tartar
products and
absolutely free from the
health-racking Rochelle
Salts residue Invariably
accompanying their use.
Get it from your Grocer
25c FULL POUND - 25c