ColtlTmtlon of Cora.
Corn makes a rank growth both abore
and below ground, and for that reason
requires treatment somewhat different
from what Is given to wheat or oats.
Planting In rows Is necessary not only
to permit full development of the stalks,
but also to give plenty of feeding room
to the roots. Corn' roots, If they have
a chance, will occupy every Inch to the
depth of from three to five feet, and
the yield of the corn will depend on
the completeness of this . occupation.
The feeding ground, or, in other words,
the corn root pasture, depends mainly
on the preparation and cultivation ot
the soil. It may be limited In many
ways, so that the farmer. Instead of'us
lng from three to Ave feet of his field
as soil, will use only a small portion of
It If the laud is not properly drained,
either naturally or artificially, the corn
roots cannot penetrate into the regions
saturated with water, for the water
shuts out the air. If hard pan comes
near the surface the corn roots cannot
reach into that, and he may be culti
vating but six, eight or ten Inches of the
field as soil. If the land be heavy and
ploughed wet, full of lumps on the sur
face -or resting on the plough pan or
bottom of the furrow, the corn roots
cannot utilize these, and hence his soil
Is limited. If he has ploughed under,
In a dry time, coarse manure, so as to
shut off the supply of water from be
low, the corn roots are again limited
It Is, therefore, about as necessary for
the farmer to understand corn roots
and their habits and ways as It Is for
the surgeon to understand the anatomy
of the system, where the bones He, and
where the arteries, veins, nerves and
muscles are hidden under the skin.
The corn plant. It will be seen, has
no top-root. The first roots start out
from the seed grain and go down.
DISTRIBUTION OF OOBN BOOTS IN SOIL.
After this the roots are sent out In
whorls of from two to ten. As the plant
advances toward maturity, these whorls
rise closer to the surface. The first
roots thrown out immediately above the
primary roots run sideways and occupy
ten or fifteen Inches below the surface.
These lateral roots throw out fibrous or
feeding roots, which run In every di
rectlou through the soil and occupy
every Inch within a radius of from two
to five feet. It Is evident, therefore,
that If we plough corn immediately
after planting, or after It is first up,
we can plough as deep as we like, and
generally the deeper the better. When,
however, the roots begin to rise and
occupy every square inch of soil within
reach, it will not do to plough deep.
Our cultivation must, therefore, be lim
ited to the surface, and with the end In
view of killing the weeds and forming
the mulch of dry dirt which will shut
off surface evaporation, and spread out
the water which is continually rising
from below within reach of the roots.
The older and larger the plant the
shallower should the cultivation be. In
fact, If the ground Is well prepared,
ploughed deep when there Is no dan,-
ger of cutting off the roots, the only
thing the farmer needs to do during
the latter period Is to maintain the
mulch of dry dirt on the surface.
Farm Help Leaa Expensive.
Farm labor Is cheaper than It was at
this time last year and Is pretty sure
to continue so for the season. There
has been some curtailment in manufac
turing throughout the country, the re
sult being that a great many men are
out of work. With this condition farm
ers find that they can get help more
readily now than they have been able
to for several years.
It Is ascertained that where contracts
have been made In the Middle West and
Southwest for farm hands the rate of
wages averages about $5 per month low
er than that prevailing a year ago.
A common rate of pay for farm hands
t
at this time Is $23 per 3th, as against 1
$30 last season. Competent men wltbj
experience In special departments ot
farming will command more, but not as
much as in 1900 and 1907. Good live
stock bands receive $35 to $45, but
above this there are few men hired even
for fancy farming or the specialties who
are receiving more.
Youths and Inexperienced Immigrants
are offering their services for from $13
to $20 per month.
Concrete Outdoor Cellar,
A simple method of constructing a
cool, outdoor cellar In localities where
the common house cellars are too
warm for use during the summertime.
Is shown In the "accompanying sketch.
It Is a cellar made under the pump,
so that the water pumped by the
windmill has a very cooling effect.
In places where It Is difficult to obtain
Ice, It will prove Indispensable to the
dairyman who keeps a few cows. An
other Important Item Is the fact that
a man does not find It necessary to
OUTDOOR CELLAR.
pull up all of the pipes every time
that he finds It necessary to repair the
pipes and pump. It is constructed of
coLcrete. The top is re-enforced with
one-half-Incb stec! rods placed one foot
apart each way and the concrets is
about six Inches thick. The sides are
made by using a form and t.ie stairs
are also made of concrete and ar3 re
enforced by small steel rods. The cost
Including the labor, amounted to about
$50. In the west and southwest It will
also answer the purpose of a storm
cave, which is considered a fixture on
all farms. Farm and House.
A Xtw Swindle on Farmer.
An entirely new but highly successful
scheme to separate farmers from theli
money has been worked In South Da
kota during the past few months.
An oily grafter calls on a farmer and
makes a bid for his land. The figures
are absurdly low at first, but by de
grees are raised as high as $60 an acre,
and the farmer consents.
Then the visitor explains thnt he Is
only an agent, but that he can sell the
land at the price named if the owner
will agree to pay for advertising at the
rate of 50 cents an acre.
The "agent" promises orally that the
advertising money will not be payable
until the land Is sold, but this stipula
tion Is not contained In the contract
that the farmer signs.
In a few days he receives a copy of
an ad and not overcourteous demand
for money.
It is said that twenty-two agricul
turists were caught with this bait In
Brown County and that one of them
gave up $320.
Thnnder and Milk.
To many persons the curdling of milk
In a thunderstorm is a mysterious and
unintelligible phenomenon. Yet, ac
cording to scientists, the whole process
Is simple and natural. Their claim Is
that milk, like most other substances,
contains millions of bacteria. The
milk bacteria that in a day or two,
under natural conditions, would cause
the fluid to sour are peculiarly sus
ceptible to electricity. Electricity in
spires and invigorates them, as alco
hol, cocaine or strong tea affects nieri.
Under the current's influence they fall
to work with amazing energy, and in
stead of taking a couple of days to
sour the milk they accomplish the task
completely in a half hour. With an
electric battery It Is easy on the same
principle to sour the freshest milk.
The Coddling! Moth.
About one-fifth of the first laying ot
eggs by the coddling moth is on the
fruit the rest being on the lenves and
branches. The young larva that
hatches from the egg Is able to feed
on the foliage to some extent and may
come Into maturity without entering
the fruit, . although It rarely does so.
About 80 per cent of the first brood
finds Its ) way Into the apples at the
calyx, while the rest eat In at other
points, principally at the stem. Only
about 28 per cent of the second brood
enters at the calyx, the others eating
In where the apples touch each other,
or a leaf at the stem end. The aver
age life of the adult Insect, or moth,
Is about four days.
Farm Threshing Companies.
Farmers should form organizations
for threshing. It Is well to have a num
ber of men help in threshing who are
congenial. When the thresher comes
Ihto the neighborhood all know the rou
tine and all help stays with the matVlne
while It Is In that vicinity. There la
no room for boobies and stolts about a
threshing Job. The man who shirks
should be given a chance to Join an
other ring.
ALL RUN DOWN.
Miss Delia Stroebe, who had Com
pletely Lost Her Health, Found
HelieffromPe-ru-naatOnce.
Read Wliat She Says:
MISS DELLA. STROEBE, 710 Rich
mond St.. Annlntnn W'la
"For several years I was in a run
down condition, and I could find no re
lief from doctors and medicines. I
could not enjoy my meals, and could
not sleep at night. I had heavy, dark
circles about the eyes.
'My friends were much alarmed. I
was advised to give Peruna a trial, and
to my Joy I began to lmnrova with th
first bottle. After taking six bottles I
ien completely cured. I cannot say too
much for Pcrnna as a medlnln. for
Tomen in a run-down condition."
Pe-ru-na Did Wonders.
' Mrs. Judge J. F. Boyer, 1421 Sherman
Ave., Evanston, 111., says that she be
came ran down, could neither eat nor
sleep well, and lost flesh and snirit. Pe
runa did wonders for her, and she thanks
Peruna for new life and strength.
HOWAKP E. BUBTOS.-AMttver ari Chemist,
l-e&dville, Colorado. Hp(:imen prkn: Ould,
Silver, L ad. fl ; Gold, Kllver, 7 j Gold, 60; Zlncur
Ccpprr.tL Cj-anldo tm. Mailing envelopes and
full pr.ee list sent on application. Control and Um
pire work solicited, luiereucet Carbonate K
lloual Baak.
WHEN YOU COME TO PORTLAND
ARRANGE TO STOP AT
THE CORNELIUS
PARK AND ALDER STS.
A New and Modern European Hotel catering
particularly to Stat people. A refined place for
ladies visiting the city, close to the hopping
center. Rates reasonable. Free Bus.
R. K. CLARKE, (lale ol Portland Hotel) Mgr.
A Rare Bargain
Douglas County Farm in the heart
ot the famous Shoestring Valley.
Sixty acres 45 acres cleared; 15
acres fir timber; soil rich and mel
low: no rocks: schoolhouse 1 mile;
on county road; running water;
well; over 300 bearing fruit trees;
5-room log house, barn and other
out-buildings; two miles of fence;
full assortment .farm implements;
all house furnishings; all crops.
Must sell, Price for everything,
$2,500. Address
MRS. O. A. DEARING
Room 41 9, Corbett Bldg., Portland, Ore
PNU
No. 33-08
w
HEN writing- to advertisers pleaae
mention title paper.
A nabl.lt and a Whistle.
Did you know that a short, sharp
whistle from the mouth would stop a
rabbit? It surely does. Next time you
see little Molly Cottontail leap from her
burrow and make off don't shoot ; Just
whistle. Whether from fear or curios
ity I cannot tell, but she will stop still
in her tracks. An antelope has been
known to do likewise. An African
hunter once said that the elephant Is
the most timid of all animals and can
be frightened into a cold sweat by a
mysterious noise. New York Press.
ALCOHOL 3 PF.H ni'vr.
AVcgelablePrcparalionforAs-similaiingtlrcFooiaMRegula-ting
(lie Siomaths andBowcls of
Promotes DigeslionOsnful-
IICSS and Restront.ilns npilhfr
Opium-Morphine norfliucral.
HOT NARCOTIC. .
Jttcyx aOldltStMILrnuiEU
ifriara
jUxJtnm
JTPPtflftBtf "
MCwboaakUb
JJmr
Pi
""ss ssiHMSBaa
Aperfect Remedy for Consflna
tion . Sour Storaach.Dlarrttoca
wortas,Convulsims.reverisli
ness andLoss OF Sleep.
FuSirnile Sijnarareof
NEW YORK.
Exact Copy of Wrapper.
11
JB1I1J
IBS
WfJJlm n II n .sVW KM .U .T- "I VS. J T
g; Guaranteed untkr ffilffi
Working His Patient.
Ambassador Wu Ting Fung was once,
it Is alleged, telling about a certain
selilsh politician. He said: "The man
reminds me of a doctor of Shanghai. A
mandarin came to this doctor for ad
vice. He could not sleep, had no appe
tite, suffered a good deal from depres
sion and nevertheless was taking on
fat at an alurnilng rate. 'We'll soon
put you In condition again,' said the
physician. 'What you need is exercise
good, hard exercise. Four times a
week you can come here and put in the
morning polishing my floors. 'But why
not my own floors? the mandarin in
quired. 'Mine, said the physician, 'are
larger.' "
A Bit of Advice.
This is a bit of advice ottered by the
Gunnison Gazette:
Young man, if you should come
across a girl who, with a face as radi
ant as a sunflower, says as you appear
at the door, "I will be busy for half an
hour yet, for the dishes are not. wash
ed," Just squat right down on the door
step and wait for her. because sotuo
other chap may come along and secure
the prize, and right there you will have
lost an angel.
In the Literary Workabop,
"Brooks," said Rivera, who had been
struggling desperately with an idea for
more than half an hour, "give me a rhyme
for 'perfunctory.' "
"Sorry, old man," answered Brooks ;
"but there isn't any."
"Dash It J" exclaimed Rivers.
Thereupon he proceeded tf do it in
btiUikely litulilk Vt-lsu.
St. Helen's Hall, Portland, Or.
Resident and Day School for Girls.
Catalogue on Request.
mmmmmn
BUSINESS COLLEGE
PORTLAND, OHKUON
BEHNKE-WALKER STUDENTS SUCCEED. WHY?
They are Trained for business in a business-like way.
Why not enroll in a reputable school that places all of its graduates?
I. M. WALKER, Pres. SEND FOR
Tif (ff-. rVK
MULE TEAM BORAX
by often! mi the water cleans the akin thoroughly, removes
odor of perspiration and reudera the ekla eoCt and velvety.
All dealers. Sample Borax. Booklet and Lace Centerpiece design on cloth
ready to work. 10c, of PACIFIC COAST BORAX CO., Oakland, Cal.
Local atrents wanted. Write for money making plan.
The Kind You Ilavo Always
in use for over SO years,
and has
c
64
yyy1! Bonal supervision elnco its Infancy.
t-C6CCAit'l' Allow Tin aiia tn 1 Annlvn vnn In t1i!u
All Counterfeits, Imitations and" Just-as-good "are but
Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health of
Infants and Children Experience against Experiment.
What is CASTORIA
Castoria Is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare
goric. Drops and Soothing Syrups. It Is Tleasant. It .
contains neither Opium. Morphine nor other Narcotic
substance. Its age Is its guarantee. It destroys Worms
and allays Fcverlshncss. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind
Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation
and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates the
Stomach and Dowels, giving healthy and natural sleep.
The Children's Panacea The Mother's Friend.
GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS
Bears the
The Kind You Have Always Bought
In Use For Over 30 Years
imi etnrauH oohmmv, tt soiui arrntcT, unit tosh oirfc
When the
Hair Falls
Then it's time to act! No time
to study, to read, to experi
ment 1 You want to save your
hair, and save it quickly, too!
So make up your mind this
very minute that If your hair
ever comes out you will use
Ayer's Hair Vigor. It makes
the scalp healthy. The hair
stays in. It cannot do any
thing else. It's nature's way.
The beat kind of a testimonial
"old lor over sixty yeora."
Made ot J. ci. irxr Co., Low. 11, H
Atiu monuiMcuxsra ot
' SABSAPAEILLA.
SB,
yers
PH. IS.
CUERJtY PECTORAL
Depp Sea Amenities.
The Oyster You're a good deal tougher
customer than I nm.
The Clain That's all right. You do a
good deal crooUedcr shell game than I do.
IS OUR MOTTO
Said an Employer: "Stick to quality.
It will wiu out iu the end." We do
"stick to quality." That is the reason
our graduates are so thorough and in
such .demand. Investigate our claims to
superiority. Catalogue, business forms
and penwork free. Call, phone or write.
Portland Business College
Tenth and Morrison, Portland, Oregon
A. P. ARMSTRONG, IX. B.. PRINCIPAL
CATALOGUE
O. A. BOSSERMAN. Sec
Bought, and which lias been
has borne the Bignatnro of
been matlo under his per-
Signature of
A
A
imigim
SPr