LINCOLN COUNTY LEADER
R f COLLINS, FdRer
r N HAYDEN, Muiftr
TOLEDO OREGON
Invention of a noiseless firearm in
announced. Doubtless it will bare the
endorsement of the Assassins' Union.
The failure of a Copenhagen trust
company verifies Mr. Hamlet's opinion
that something was rotten In Denmark.
In the fishing treaty between the
States and Canada there la unfortu
nately no clause against telling fish
stories.
Grover Cleveland has cheerfully cele
brated his seventy-first birthday. Osier
will be terribly disgusted when he hears
about It.
A Chicago scientist announces that
he has discovered the origin of heat.
Must have JuRt received his winter's
coal bill.
Once more taxes are to be raised In
Japan. Those little brown chaps are
finding out that civilization and glory
are expensive.
One of the learned doctors announces
that a certain amount of candy Is good
for people. Why can't somebody say as
much for strawberry shortcake and lee
creum?
Twenty-five per cent of Chicago's
milk supply Is reported by experts to
be under the proper grade. Are they
never going to stop the leaks in the
water department?
Esperanto is reported to be making
rapid headway as an International lan
guage, but there la no likelihood that
baseball reports will ever be written in
It It has no slang.
Great wealth does not appear to give
Its possessors the ability to get. any
more matrimonial happiness than Is
allotted to the ordinary person who
has to work for a living.
Dr. Edward Everett Hale, 86 years
of age, says he has been a 'hard worker
all his life. How contemptible he must
seem to some of the members of the
Vanderhllt and Gould families.
Ten thousand men are wanted to
work at Fairbanks, Alaska, for $5 a
dny each and board. But this Is not
likely to be at all encouraging to the
ninny people who are anxious to find
out how to live without working.
Although It Is only six years slnct
St. Pierre, Martinique, was destroyed
by the eruption of Mont Pelee, the Is
landers have begun to rebuild the city.
Steamers call at the port, and business
1b slowly resuming, so short Is the
memory of a great terror, or so Indif
ferent are the people to a rarely recur
ring danger.
An association of students In a co
educational college near Chicago Is
promoting a plan to Introduce a depart
ment of "art appreciation," and offer
ing to pay the first year's salary of a
competent Instructor. Not only will
the new member of the faculty Instil
correct principles of home-bulldlng, fur
nishing and decoration, but he or she
will be expected to teach "the decadent
art of good and appropriate dressing."
Perhaps the phrase, "decadent art," Is
more forcible than It needs to be; but
the movement marks a wholesome de
parture from the silly old notion that
carelessness about one's appearance Is
a sure sign of Intellectual simerlority.
Neither England nor France, in so
liciting the services of a man of let
ters or a man of law to Berve diplomat
ically abroad. Invites him to impover
ish himself and find consolation for his
losses In the "honor." When the Unit
ed States "owns Its legation buildings
In the great capitals, and grants allow
ances for a reasonable amount of en
tertaining, It will have revived the best'
traditions of Its diplomacy, and If the
Berlin epslode has the effect of re
minding us of the error of the ways
Into which we have fallen we may
again see our diplomatic service more
brilliant at the. council board than at
the dinner table. Our ambassadors
mnv wall; with -princes without pos
sessing prliicely purses.
In a small Eastern town the half
dozen Influential young men were, dis
cussing "graft," the sins of corpora
tions, the venality and cowardice of
public servant all the fervid polltlcaf
evils of the day. In each man's talk
there was an Implied assumption that
were be in high office, he would be
brave and Incorruptible. Yet one of
the men was a town constable, and he
and everyone else In the room knew
that every night men came drunk out
of a kitchen barroom In the center of
the town, that no constable had lifted
his hand against the criminal who sold
liquor, or had arrested a fellow citizen
for drunkenness and disorder. The. oth
r day the editor of a newspaper In a
small Western town was assassinated,
lie bad assailed in, his editorial col
utnus the corrupt local politicians. The
chief of police and a police sergeant
proved the truth of his charges by try
ing to kill him. Three attempts were
made on bis life before the bullets final
ly found him. That, editor had done
the bravest and rarest thing attacked
the known corruptions of his neighbors.
Any man can assail with bitter Invec
tive the President, the Senate, the Su
preme Court, and cry valiantly to his
fellow voters to save the country from
the wickedness of a few hundred Con
gressmen. But the local. Immediate
salvation which can be secured by the
petty officer In his own community Is
a Jewel often lost, and requiring the
highest courage to win. The sheriff
who maintains the law In the face of
a mob led by his lifelong friends, the
selectman who stands for the rights of
his town against the private Interest
of his dearest neighbor these men are
the bravest of patriots, the most potent
of reformers.
President Eliot, In an address before
the Fortnightly Club in Chicago, wild
that In the education of children the
old practice was to set before them the
tasks that were hardest for them, but
that the modern method Is to give them
the sort of education they desire and In
which they are able to excel. These are
sound Ideas and, when properly quali
fied, are of the greatest importance.
There are two separate principles In
volved lu tlit-ui one lu reaped lo Hit
child's maturity and the 'other in re
spect to bis mental bent. Every one
will admit that the human mind passes
from concrete to abstract Ideas, and
that the power of abstract thluklna
hardly belongs to childhood at all. It
Is clear, therefore, that the imposition
of abstract studies on young children
Is not only useless but discouraging and
hurtful. English grammar Is a type of
this kind of study. A celebrated pro
fessor In a Southern university used to
lecture a month every year on the dis
tinction between a noun and a verb.
Certainly the discrimination between
the parts of speech and the different
moods and tenses of the verb Is a per
formance for which very few adults are
prepared. Yet this was formerly one
of the first studies taken up in the pri
mary schools. Just as bad Is the prac
tice, wherever It exists, of Ignoring the
bent of a child's mind. His mind ma v
be that of a mechanic, a mathematician,
a naturalist, a historian, a poet or a
physicist. President Eliot says the
modern practice Is to take advantage of
this bent, whatever it may be. And It
is to be hoped that this Is the practice.
President Eliot no doubt believes that
these principles can be followed without
a total or even an injurious neglect of
mental discipline. A child's powers
ought to be called Into play as fast as
they develop, and certainly at some
stage he must be required to make a
mental effort which goes against the
gralu. Otherwise he will be unneces
sarily narrow minded and poorly edu
cated. But the leading Idea in the edu
cation of children should be that a due
regard must be paid to their stage of
development and their peculiar talents
and bent of mind.
Below Is given a list of Proofreader's
Marks, a knowledge of which will
prove of great value to anyone who
does advertising :
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Caaervtlle Etiquette.
When a wedding guest fails to re
spond to bis Invitation, who should re
gret it the guest or the givers of the
invitation? When the Knapp-Hoover
matrimonial alliance was in the mak
ing this question proved a disturbing
one In the "best circles" of Caseyvllle.
Decision could not go far wrong lu
such a matter. Simple politeness seem
ed to require that the host should re
gret the failure of his company to
come; so the mall brought to each per
son who bad failed to attend the wed
ding this announcement upon a neatly
engraved card:
"Mr. and Mrs. Hoover regret your
not being present on Thursday, the six
teenth, at the home of the bride's pa
rents." ' In I'ralae of Hnnilllt-.
It 111 beseems a man to vaunt arro
gantly. Homer.
The older a man grows, the more
convinced he becomes that be will havr
to bs his own boat friend.
A Gate for the Barn Doorway.
When the horse stable opens Into
the buggy room and It Is necessary to
keep the door open for ventilation, I
find that a small gate constructed of
light material is an excellent protec
tion against horses getting loose and
Injuring the buggies. The cut here
with shows a light gate we have in use
In our horse bam. It Is very simple
In construction, but serves a very Im
portant purpose. Were It not for this
light gate we would find It necessary
to keep the door closed between the
horse stable and buggy room, thus
shutting off ventilation.
The gate Is hinged onto the rolling
door with light strap hinges, explains a
writer In the Prairie Farmer, so that
when the gate is not in use it swings
SLAT STABLE DOOR.
around and fastens to the large door
out of the way. For material in mak
ing the gate we use Inch strips of good
pine for the horizontal pieces. The up
right pieces are light strips gotten out
for fence pickets. I find a light gate
of this character a good thing to keep
poultry out of the barn during the" sum
mer months.
The Colony Plan.
If you want vigorous chickens and
hens that lay do not overcrowd them.
Forty or fifty In one flock are suffi
cient. If you have more than this num
ber by all means make a change, for
your chickens are probably costing you
more than they are worth. If you do
not care to sell any of your birds then
start Into the chlckeft business on the
colony plan. Divide your flock Into
colonies of about forty fowls each and
build houses for them In different parts
of the farm. For Instance, if you have
one hen house on the east side of the
barn, put another house on the west
side. Then if you have enough birds
put another house down by the calf lot
and another to the farther end of the
barn yard. A dozen different places will
suggest themselves If you look for lo
cations on your farm. If you have'
made a failure In raising chickens or
your hens "don't amount to much,"
try this method. It will surprise and
please you. Your hens will be, healthier,
will lay better and will require less
feed. The reason for this will be easily
seen when you have once tried It.
Chickens, or anything else for that mat
ter, cannot stand- crowding. Also the
colony plan gives the fowls wider range
and encourages the birds to hunt for
their living. Exchange.
. Bracing; Corner Poata.
Tbls method, while cheaply devised,
is used very effectively In bracing cor
ner posts. Use as a brace a pole nine
or ten feet long, four or five inches in
diameter and square at both ends. Fit
one end of pole to the post half way
between Its middle and top and place
other end of brace on a flat stone. Se
cure one end of a wire around bottom
of post, then take it to outer end of
brace and back to post again, fasten
ing securely. With a short stout stick
twist wires together until very tight
METHOD OF BRACING. .
and your brace Is complete, says Fann
ers' Review. This brace comes in line
with your fence and by fastening your
wire or boards to It prevents It from
slipping sideways.
Corn Stover.
Corn stover is used . both shredded
and unshredded. Ordinarily the cattle
will waste a considerable quantity
whichever way it Is fed. The shredded
fodder Is prepared because the cattle
eat a greater percentage of It and the
manure Is handled more easily. Fod
der Is often fed on the ground in the
open pasture held to save the hauling
f manure.
There Is a saving, however, In bar
ing the fodder shredded. T . tne
feed Is taken care of earlier aud there
Is less exposure to leaching rains aud
weathering processes. Again, more
feed can be put In a smaller space,
thus requiring less storage space.
What Beef Men Think of Silage
The success attending the use of
silage in the dairy business has created
much Interest among beef cattle men.
Silage furnishes a succulent food.
which Is quite essential to the dairy
sow in keeping- her digestive system in
good condition. The same will be found
true for the beef animal. Twenty
pounds of silage per day will supply
all the bulk and water needed In a
fattening ration. The other roughage
may consist of either long fodder or
mixed hay. The economy of using
silage for fattening purposes Is well
brought out by Prof. A. M. Soule of
the Virginia station, who has stated the
following conclusions:
"There was a difference of from A
to .5 of a pound of grain per head per
day in. favor of the silage-fed cattle.
They also finished out better and In
any discriminating market would cer
tainly bring a better price than the
dry-fed cattle.
"Of the three forms of roughage fed,
the silage was eaten with the greatest
relish, and there was absolutely no
loss, whereas with the stover the loss
amounted to 13.5 per cent and with hay
4.18 per cent. Where a large number
of animals aro fed this would make a
considerable difference in the cost of
ration, except that the shredded stover
can be utilized to advantage for bed
ding." Silage as It Is put up to-day Is bet
ter than when the practice was flrst
started. Good silage of corn Is made
when the grain has passed the milk
stage and has commenced to glaze a lit
tle. Silage Is trade also from sorghum,
corn and cowpeas and pea vines.
Double Brooding Coop.
The double brooding coop shown In
the drawing is four feet square and
three feet high at rear, two and one
half In front. It may be built of tongue
and grooved stuff or straight-edge
boards one-half or three-fourths inch
thick. The hinged lidp sBould have two
cleats each . to make them firm. - In
front Is a one-Inch mesh wire netting
and at the edges are strips of three
quarter by one and one-half-lnch stuff,
to insure rigidity. In one corner, as
shown, is the nest, four Inches deep
and fifteen or eighteen Inches square,
according to the size of the hens kept.
The board floor, explains the Orange
DOUBLE BROOD COOP.
Judd Farmer, is covered with sawdust
or sand. Food and drink are 'more
readily supplied through the door,
which preferably lifts in front, as
shown.
Corn Leading- Weatern Crop.
The statistical bureau of the Union
Pacific passenger department Issues a
statement compiled from government
reports showing the value of farm
products in seventeen States west of
the Mississippi In 1907 to have been
$1,091,000,000. Corn leads In produc
tion, being valued at nearly half a
billion dollars. Winter wheat Is next,
valued at $200,000,000, and domestic
hay was valued at only $2,000,000 less.
Rye, oats, barley' and potatoes .follow
in order. The report also shows an in
crease In live stock of 250 per cent
since 1870. .
Farm Notea.
Alfalfa' seed is now selling In many
parts of the West for 10 to 12 cents a
pound.
Egyptian cotton land produces nearly
four times as much per acre as that of
this country.
The Irrigated districts of Egypt com
prise 5,340,000 acres and support 10,
000,000 persons.
Owing to a prolonged drought in In
dia the productive area of wheat land
has shrunk from 9,000,000 to 6,000,000
acres. ' '
In four years a pair of rabbits could
secure a progeny of nearly 1,500,000. A
doe rabbit produces as many as seven
families a year.
Many important drainage projects arc
under way in the marsh land In Lou
isiana, which will ultimately make it
a great, agricultural country.
A dairy train which recently went
out from Lafayette, Ind., covered 500
miles on the Monon route, and 4,000
people heard the lectures which were
delivered from the cars.
It is estimated that if the cattle ship
pers of Iowa succeed in establishing
their claims against the raUroads for
excessive shipping charges in Chicago
they will get back fully a half million
dollars.
EE1'-
1 HTTOr 1
Owing to the great amount of decora
posed vegetable matter contained In
i Brazilian waters, which causes rapid
j deterioration of thin steel, the hull
of the new dispatch boat Guanabara,
. built for the Brazilian Government, Is
constructed entirely of bronze. Against
this metal, says Popular Mechanics, the
1 corrosive action of the Brazilian waters
has no effect, and, ' although more cost
ly, both In material and construction,
the vessel Is much lighter than If built
1 f steel or wood. The propeller shaft
ing and propeller are also of bronze.
The brownish spots which appear In
old books are really due to the ravages
of bacteria, says Popular Mechanics.
The tiny destroyer is especially fond of
starchy material and Its propagation is
promoted by dump. It has been well
understood that damp produced discol
oration and decay, but the share of the
microbe In the operation has not hith
erto been suspected. Tiny fungus or
mold Is responsible for gray and black
marks upon old papers. In spotting
the surface the fungus helps to break
down the fabric and hasten the process
of its destruction.
K. Lydekker, the English naturalist,
calls attention to the observations of
R. I. Poeock on the significance of the
b-puls on lion cubs as indicating tiie
close relationship of lions, .tigers and
leopards. On lion cubs the pattern of
the markings Is intermediate In char
acter between the stripes of the tiger
and the rosettes of the leopard, but in
clines more toward the former. East
African Hons retain more or less dis
tinct traces of these early markings
even when they reach maturity. A dis
tinct tiger-like feature of the lion cub
Is a white patch over the eye, which
disappears in the adult Puma cubs
show a pattern quite unlike that of the
lion, tiger, leopard and Jaguar.
At the recent meeting of the Ameri
can Association for the Advancement
of Science, In Chicago, attention was
called to the interesting fact that the
work on the Panama Canal la changing
biological conditions In Panama, and
that its completion will enable the
fresh-water fauna? of the Atlantic and
Pacific slopes to intermingle. Undoubt
edly many marine animals will pass
from one ocean to the other. Thus a
permanent change of conditions will be
brought about, which may or may not
possess much practical Importance, but
Its scientific interest Is very ereat
In
view of these facts, the association re
solved to urge upon Congress the neces
sity of an Immediate biological survey
of the Panama Canal zone.
The report that the Gulf Stream now
runs with greater sieed than formerly,
and Its influence on the time required
for the crossing of the Atlantic, fur
nishes the theme for an article by Dr.
Brennecke In the German magazine,
Umshau. Dr. Brennecke analyzes the
climatic and geographical reasons for
the existence and continuance of the
Gulf Stream, and points out how the
change in the wind currents and the
density of the atmosphere all affect tbi
life and power of the famous current.
This is chiefly dependent, he points out,
on the location and areas of high aud
low pressure over the sea. A series of
carefully made reports over a long
period of time by the German Marine
Observatorlum seems to Indicate thnt
the Gulf Stream now moves more rap
idly than formerly.
A Rapid Connter.
It Is not every one who proves the ln
effectualness of Insomnia cures at 7
years of age ; that Is why a youngster's
experience, as the Louisville Courier
Journal records It, seems remarkable
enough to quote. ' ,
The father of the lad, who was about
7 years old, was a physician, and when
the child found difficulty In getting to
sleep, was ready with advice.
"I'll tell you" somethlug that will soon
put you to sleep," he said. "You begin
and count siowly up to one hundred,
and then another hundred, and so on,
and before you know It you'll be sleep
ing. Try it to-night when you go to
bed."
Everything remained quiet that night
until the father went to retire. As he
passed the boy's bed a little voles
piped :
"Papa !"
"Yes, my boy."
"What comes after trillions?"
But the wakeful youngster's query
was not answered ; his father had van
ished Into his own bedroom.
Then the Quarrel Ceaaed.
They were having the usual family
quarrel. As was also usual, she could
not convince him that she knew where
of she argued.
"Didn't I go to school, stupid?" she
IBcreamea.
"Yes, dear, you did," he replied calm
ly. "And you came back stupid."
The Bohemian. '
V When any one feels good, It Is not
.because be has good luck, or takes
medicine, but because he is young.