LINCOLN COUNTY LEADER
Rt COLLINS, fdttor .
r N HAYDCN, Manager
TOLEDO OREGON
6an Francisco Is to hart a $20,000,
000 railway station. No city can hope
to be great without one.
Several persons have recently been
overcome with gas, while others have
been overcome by gas bills.
It might be possible to find a widow
here and there who takes advantage of
leap year, but we very much doubt It.
King Edward's cigars cost $3.20
each. We hope not many of them are
permitted to crumble In the regal vest
pocket
A Boston man drinks three gallons
of water every day. In his engagement
with the water wagon ha must be a
long way In arreara
James Wilson has been Secretary of
Agriculture for eleven years, largely on
account of the fact that be Is a very
good man for the Job.
A man In Kansas fell off a wagon
and hit his tongue In two. That's noth
ing. We know, a man who fell off the
water wagon and became speechless.
A Mexican Judge la reported to have
sentenced a woman to "six months' si
lence." The assertion that Mexicans
are cruel by nature seems to have some
foundation. .
Over In Germany our skyscrapers are
referred to as cloud scratchors. Will
the time ever come when Jealous Euro
peans will quit trying to belittle our
Institutions T
The other day a colored prize fighter
who died of alcoholism was reported to
be "lying In state" In New York. There
are some kinds of fame that even an In
glorious end cannot dim. -
Dr. Edward Everett Hale has the
rare gift of putting a familiar idea in
a new and forcible way. He said re
cently : "Real democracy demands that
every man lifts where he stands."
' Mr. Rockefeller has made the Chi
cago university another present This
time it is 12,191,000. The fact that Chi
cago university professors say foolish
things now and then has no effect on
Mr. Rockefeller.
A New York Congressman wrote to
his 40,000 constituents asking what be
could do for them in the way of a
government Job. 8trange as it may
teem, 46,000 of them did not want any
thing in that line.
According to the biological survey,
rats, squirrels and birds consumed
grain valued at $110,000,000 last year,
The only way out of this difficulty ap
pears to be to Induce the squirrels to
eat the rats, the rata to eat the birds
and the birds to eat the squirrels.
The Dowager Empress of China, In
the edict creating provincial assemblies.
orders that "under no circumstances
ahall men of evil reputation, or local
tosses who seek only their own ad
vancement, be chosen." This sounds
like a good rule, which might be fol
lowed In every country with great
profit
One by one the lessor and younger
members of the grent erouo of nine
teenth century American llterarv men
are dying. Edmund Clarence Stedman
dropped dead of heart failure in Jan
uary, less than a year after Thomas
Bailey Aldrlch had uttered his last
words, "Turn flown the light I am
going io sieep at last" Mr. Steduia
was probably more widely known as
critic and anthologist than as a poet
It was not generally known that Utera
tura was his avocation and banking
ana Droning bis business. He had
aeat on the New York Stock Exchange
Cor many years.
Whenever any reform is advocated
which will cause a loss to any "inter
eat," or entail expense, some one is sure
to raise an alarm. Nothing Is more
wholesome than to have the objector
answered as was a representative of
the dairy Interests of Maine by the
chairman of the State board of health.
The dairyman declared that the efforts
to maintain the desired standard of
purity In milk would cost the farmers
eight million dollars. "There is an.
other business In this State," was the
answer, "which In value far transcends
II the products of the cow. It is the
rearing of children. The value of this
output of Maine has been recognized
far and wide. If the calves of the
fitate are worth eight million dollars,
the babies are worth twenty millions.
In Maine more than two thousand In
fants under two years of age die every
year, and In Massachusetts more than
twelve thousand i and it Is known that
very large part of this appalling
slaughter Is due to Impure milk." There
Is the whole thing In a milk-can.
The preaching of the gospel of fresh
air as a panacea for 00 per cent of the
superficial Ills to which humanity falls
victim continues a serious and helpful
habit with those who have proved Its
efficacy. Still, the majority of people
read the advice of authorities on the
subject, admit the logic of their con
clusions, determine to heed the list of
"dont's" Included, and Immediately
thereafter revert to their old careless
habits. In a recent Issue of the Satur
day Evening Post appears an article
satirically headed "Colds and . How to
Catch Them," written by Dr. Woods
Hutchinson, and Illustrated suggestive
ly with views of a monkey In the
throes of an attack of the grip and a
parrot enjoying the relief and discom
fort of a racking sneeze. In these pic
tures the artist has cleverly caught the
spirit of Dr. Hutchinson's between-the-llne
criticism of Jthe public intelli
gence. The physician plainly intimates
that he believes any person who per
mits himself to become a prey to the
grip falls thereby to establish a denial
of his simian ancestry, while those
who woefully confess a weakness for
colds are as certainly emulating the
shallowness of the Imitative parrot.
According to Dr. Hutchinson an epi
demic of the grip la an artificial crea
tion and "catching cold" is supremely
foolish. He would have us understand
that our systems, while the happy
hust!s2 grousda cf ewanss of eaves?
bacilli, are provided by nature with a
mighty force of defenders, a guard of
protective substances in the blood
known to their professional acquaint
ances as anti-bodies. Upon the invad
ing germs the anti-bodies make con
stant war, and the failure of the for
mer to harm us depends upon the
strength and .fighting quality of the
latter to keep them in subjection and
put them to rout Now, the anti-bodies
feed on fresh air and grow strong and
vigorous on cold baths. Exercise of
the body in the open puts them In the
pink of condition, but they weaken and
finally fade away once we try to coddle
them. Steam heat and chest protect
ors are their sworn foes, and so It
happens that when the first chill days
of fall appear and we begin, cultivat
ing the hissing radiator and (he snug
but Insanitary living room we are kill
ing our friends, the anti-bodies, and
helping the bacllllc enemy to a sweep
ing victory. We do not "catch cold" by
sitting In drafts, but by avoiding them.
It does not follow that because the air
of the sleeping room is kept cold by
the absence of heat that it Is also kept
pure, and the more clothing we pile
on our bodies the more sensitive we
make them. In a word, this authority
again sounds the warning that fresh
air and plenty of it, pure water and
plenty of that used externally and In
ternally, open , windows, open lungs,
and open pores with these things sen
sibly considered the anti-bodies will do
the rest and there will be no 1 more
colds or epidemics of Influenza.
A Hard Knock.
Railroad claim agents have little
faith In their fellow creatures. One
said recently: "Every time I settle a
claim with one. of these hard headed
rural residents who wants the rail
road to pay twice what he would
charge the butcher if he gets a sheep
killed, I think of this story, Illustra
tive of the way some people want to
hold the railroad responsible for every
accident, of whatever kind, that hap
pens. Two Irishmen were driving
home from town one night when their
buggy ran Into a ditch, overturned, and
they were both stunned. When a res
cuer came along and revived them the
first thing one of them said was,
'Where's the train?' 'Why, there's no
train around,' he was told. Then
Where's the railroad?' The nearest
railroad Is three miles away,' he learn
ed. 'Well, well,' he commented. 'I
knew It hit us pretty hard, but I didn't
suppose It knocked us three mile
from the track t" Argonaut
Great Sneceaa,
George-What do you think of these
leap year proposals?
Grace I think they're Just fine.
Why, I've landed tour already this sea
son, and it has hardly started.
A man who owns an automobile It
as sure to lie as a man who sua hah.
New Skin for Cut.
One of the handiest things to have
about in case of cuts or gashed flesb
g a bottle of collodion or liquid stick
ing plaster, as It Is often called. It Is
put up in a 10-cent bottle with a tiny
brush, attached. As it is extremely
volatile, It must be kept carefully
corked. Cover the cut, blood and all,
with a brushing of the collodion. It
coats the cut from the1 air and Infec
tion and will come off only by soaking
In hot water. Another effective remedy
which Is nearly always at band Is to
lay half-chewed tobacco, dampened with
the saliva on the cut, blood and all, and
wrap a soft cloth around it Leave on
at least twenty-four hours and dampen
In warm water as soon as the tobacco
shows signs of drying. This takes all
soreness out and seems to absorb such
poison, as may have entered the cut It
does not sound nice, but It Is a fine
remedy.
Vlaltina; Slck-Rooma.
Never euicr a sick room la a state
of perspiration (to remain for any
time), for when the body becomes cold
it is in a state likely to absorb the in
fection. Nor visit a sick person if the
complaint be of a contagious nature
with an empty stomaoo. In attending
a sick person, do not stand between the
sick person and any fire that may be
In the room, as the heat of the fire will
draw the infectious vapor in that direc
tion. Flatulence.
Flatulence or wind Is a Blgn that in
some way the digestive organs are
being taxed too severely. Sometimes
It Is caused by the giving of too much
food; or It may be because, for some
reason or other, the little one Is not
digesting his food. The diet should he
carefully regulated, and a few drops
or peppermint given In a little hot
water several times a day.
Fnmla-atlna; a Room.'
It should always be remembered that
in fumigating a room by means of burn
ing sulphur, water should be keDt boil
ing In the room at the same time, as
sulphur vapor Is less effective In a drv
atmosphere than In a moist one.
THE STAFF OF LBFE.
A Brief Hlator? of Bread Variety
of Inarredlenta.
Probably the earliest form of bread
was simply the whole grain moistened
and' exposed to heat. Later the grains
were roasted and ground or pounded,
between stones, while unleavened bread
was made by mixing this crude flour
with water and baking In the form of
cakes. Among the ninny Ingenious ar
rangements used for baking this bread
was a sort of portable oven similar In
shape to a pitcher, within which a fire
was made. After-the oven had been
well heated a paste of meal'and water
was upplled to the outBlde.
Bread of this kind was baked quick
ly and removed in small, wafer-like
sheets.
Most of the bread of olden times,
writes Mrs. E. C. Kellogg In Good
Health, was baked in the form of flut
cakes, which, being too brittle to be cut
with a knife,' whs commonly broken In
to pieces hence the expression so com
mon in Scripture, "breaking bread."
Various substances have been and
are still used for making this useful
article Until wlthlu the last few de
cades barley was the grain most gen
erally made into bread. In regions
where nuts abounds chestnuts, ground
Into a flour are used.
The ancient Thraclans made bread
from flour prepared from the water
coltran, a root ; the Syrians, from flour
made of dried mulberries. Rice, moss,
palm-tree piths and starch-producln;
roots are utilized by different nationali
ties. In some parts of Sweden and
Northern Europe, bread Is made of one
part barley meal and one part dried
fish meal, to which In winter flour from
the bark of trees Is added.
Desiccated tomatoes, potatoes and
other vegetables are frequently mixed
with cereals for bread-making. In In
dia the lower classes make their bread
chiefly from millet The Icelanders
make their bread from the reindeer
moss, which toward autumn becomes
soft tender and moist, and tastes like
wheat bran. The flour Is made by dry
ing and finely pulverizing this moss.
The breudstuffs most generally used
at the present time are the cereals
barley, rye, oats, maize, buckwheat,
rice and wheaC
. In Mexico the native bread is the tor
tilla, a flat cake, made of corn which
has been bulled by steeping in llmo
water, then ground and reground on a
metate until the product is a smooth,
flexible douah. The cakes are shaped
by dextrous tossing of the dougn rroin
band to .hand, theu baked on a hot
earthenware place over a charcoal Are,
In much the same way as pancakes jre
baked pn griddles. The tortilla is
toothsome, having the flavor of freshly
parched corn.
In Persia bread made of wheat Is
baked on heated stones. The cakes are
three feet in length, a foot wide and
about an Inch in thickness. What is
termed "pebble bread" is made Into un
leavened sheets of water-like thinness,
which are also of great size. These are
kept in stock for a long time, and when
needed for use are first dampened.
In Northern Sweden the hard ' rye
cakes which form the staff of life are
b,aked but twice a year. Baking day
for the housewives of Finland comes
but once a season. The rakes ea-h
have a hole in the center, by which the
whole baking Is strung on cords or
hung to poles to be used as needed.
One variety of bread In Norway is
flavored with caraway seed. An un
leavened bread made of" coarse wbeat
en flour is boiled Instead of baked, thon
sliced and toasted to make It ready for
eating.
The black bread which forms the sta
ple diet of the peasantry of Germany
It always sour, because overfermented.
After the dough Is kneaded In the home
the loaves are carried for baking to the
one large oven of the village. The av
erage baking consists of about forty
loaves.
Beans and acorns are used as ma
terial for bread by the peasants of
Provence. Acorns are also used for
bread by the Digger and Porno In
alans.
The oat cakes for which" Scotland Is
famous are made by mixing coarse oat
meal and salted water to a dough
which, when well kneaded, is rolled
very thin and baked on a heated sheet
of Iron. Scotch scones are made of
wheat prepared in a similar manner.
In tropical America a vassava meal,
obtained by grating the fleshy root of
the manioc. Is made Into bread. The
grated pulp Is first washed and pressed,
to force from it the poisonous juice.
The dried pulp, pounded into a coarse
meal, Is made into large, flat loaves,
three feet in diameter and a fourth of
an inch in thickness. Such bread, whea
baked, may be kept in good condition
for years.
Some of the digestibility of the vart
ous breadstuffs of the world may be
Judged from a test conducted some tlnw
ago at the University of Munich. This
test showed that light wheat flour
bread was most readily digested. Sec
ond in order was a mixed rye anj
wheat bread raised with yeast then a
rye bread made light with leaven, and
last the pumpernickel of the Germans,
a coarse, whole-wheat bread that was
raised with yeast
So universal an article of food ought
alwnys to be of tho very best quality.
Good bread does not cloy the appetite,
as do many other kinds of food, while
the simplest bill of fare that includes
light, wholesome bread Is far more sat
isfying than an elaborate meal without
it Were the tables of our Jand sup
plied with good, nutritious, well-baked
bread, used with a plentiful supply of
fresh fruits, there would be less desire
for cake, pastry and other Indigestible
articles.
In a Nitroglycerin "Hill."
In the "danger area" the severest
discipline is maintained. All entrances
are carefully guarded by searchers,
who rigorously examine every indi
vidual that desires to enter, relieving
him of any metallic objects that may
be carried upon his person, together
with matches and other suspicious ob
jects which upon coming Into contact
with the dangerous chemicals used In
this zone might provoke serious trou
ble. No matter how often an employe
engaged within the hill may pass In
and out, every time he enters he must
submit to this preliminary and essen
tial operation. There are also some
560 girls employed, and these are un
der the charge of matrons. Hairpins,
ordinary pluB, shoe buttons, metal pegs
within the soles of the shoes, knitting
and( other needles are all religiously
barred. Their hair is tied with braid
or ribbon, and, as with the male em
ployes, every time they enter the "dan
ger area" they are similarly searched
by the matrons. Scientific American.
No Sport.
Mlrandy SI, what In earth is meant
by this here Anglo-Saxon race the pa
pers lz alius talkin abeaout?"
SI Haymow Neaouw, see, Mlrandy,
yew know mltey wall 'at It hain't in
keepin with no deacon to be up on
them there sportla' events. Toledo
Blade.
The Dreaded Nnlaanee.
"I wish you would give this office
boy a trial. I am sure you will like
him. He Is such a cheery little chap
always whistling at his Job."
"Humph I I guess that is the very
reason be Is now whistling for a Job."
Baltimore American, . ,
The chief fault of an etiquette book
is that it makes a 10-year-old girl
ashamed of her father. Detroit Free
Press.
WuTEB BUTTERFLIES.
A Hardy Brood for Which Froat ana
Snow Poaaeaa No Terrora.
Coming in one day from a walk In a
heavy snowstorm, I dropped upon the
evening table some triangular brown
ish bits that looked at first sight like
flakes of dried bark.
"What are those chips V '
"No. Butterflies."
Such a reply with a foot of snow ou
the ground and great probability of a
foot more before morning was accept
ed as a pleasantry and not to be taken
seriously. The Idea of catching butter
flies In a snowstorm seemed too "fishy"
tor serious consideration.
On the approach' of winter most of
the butterflies, those delicate little
creatures of fair weather, naturally
die. But among their number there Is
a whole hardy brood for which the
rigors of winter possess no terrors.
These' are the angle wings, or vanes
slds. They are frequently called "thaw
butterflies" from the fact that during
the warm spells of winter they awake
from their torpor and may frequently
be seta sunning themselves near their
place of hibernation or If the weather
Is mild and pleasant flitting lightly
about in the open places.
These Insects pass the winter both
as chrysalis and as, mature, butterflies.
Normally they remain In the chrysallls
form only about two weeks, but it is
probable that the severe cold overtakes
some before they are fully developed, v
which may account for some of them
hibernating as chrysalis. 6u Nicholas.
COURTING DEATH.'
Ihe Work of the Moonted Pollee of
Canada In the Northweat.
The Northwest policeman's first duty
Is to die If that should be necessary.
He is not allowed to shoot a desperado,
go up, sit on his carcass,, roll a cigar
ette and then read the warrant He
must not shoot At all events he must
not shoot first, which is often fatal,
for if there is a time when delay is
dangerous It Is when you are covering
an outlaw, writes Cy Warman In the
Sunday Magazine.
Numbers of the force have been
known to ride or walk Into the very
mouth of a cocked .45 Colt and never
flinch. In about ninety-eight cases out
of every hundred the man behind the
gun weakened. In the other two cases
he extended his lease of life, but made
his going doubly sure. When a mount
ed policeman falls, the open space he
leaves is Immediately closed, for back
of him stands the Dominion govern
ment and back of that the British em
pire. So the desperado who thinks he
can kill and get away has a bard time.
If the police chase him out of the Do
minion back to the Islands, he is likely
to fetch up at Scotland Yard. If his
native village lies south of the forty
ninth, the Plnkertons take up his trail,
and when all these forces are after a
man his days are gliding swiftly by.
BATTING ETES TO ORDER.
The University of Pennsylvania base
ball team candidates are doing cage
work dally. In addition to trying out
the batterymen, the coach has a scheme
to put an edge on batting eyes that Is
regarded as a wonder by ail who have
seen It.
The apparatus consists of an up
right with horizontal arms at top and
bottom, between which, on an elastic
cord,-ls a ball. The ball may be shifted
to any desired height and considera
ble practice is needed to clout It square
ly. When hit true the ball springs
straight ahead, but If struck below or
above the center It Jumps down or up.
The men who have used the device
claim It Is the best ever for line drives.
Forbidden on Telephone.
Patience Did you ever let your par
rot speak over the telephone?
Patrlce-rOr, yes; once.
"What was the result?"
. 'They took out the telephone the
next day!" Tonkers Statesman.
Whlehf
It takes a woman to appreciate a
woman at what she thinks Is her true
value. Somerville Journal
" The stone and Iron ages are things of
the past and it remained for the muck
rakers to discover that the steal age If
now ob